JP4228730B2 - Outdoor unit of separate type heat pump air conditioner - Google Patents

Description

【００６３】
（式中、Ｒｆは炭素数１〜２１のフルオロアルキル基、Ｒ¹は水素又は炭素数１〜１０のアルキル基、Ｒ²は炭素数１〜１０のアルキレン基、Ｒ³は水素又はメチル基、Ａｒは置換基を有することもあるアリーレン基、ｎは１〜１０の整数である。）
限定されないフルオロアルキル基含有（メタ）アクリレートの具体例を次に示す。
ＣＦ₃(ＣＨ₂)ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃ＣＦ₂(ＣＨ₂)ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₃(ＣＨ₂)ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₄(ＣＨ₂)ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₅(ＣＨ₂)ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₆(ＣＨ₂)ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₇(ＣＨ₂)ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃ＣＦ₂(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₃(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₄(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₅(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₆(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₇(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＨ₂)₃ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃ＣＦ₂(ＣＨ₂)₃ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₃(ＣＨ₂)₃ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₄(ＣＨ₂)₃ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₅(ＣＨ₂)₃ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₆(ＣＨ₂)₃ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₇(ＣＨ₂)₃ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＨ₂)₆ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃ＣＦ₂(ＣＨ₂)₆ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₃(ＣＨ₂)₆ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₄(ＣＨ₂)₆ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₅(ＣＨ₂)₆ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₆(ＣＨ₂)₆ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₇(ＣＨ₂)₆ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃ＣＨ＝ＣＨＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃ＣＦ₂ＣＨ＝ＣＨＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₃ＣＨ＝ＣＨＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₄ＣＨ＝ＣＨＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₅ＣＨ＝ＣＨＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₆ＣＨ＝ＣＨＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₇ＣＨ＝ＣＨＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＦ₂)(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＦ₂)₂(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＦ₂)₃(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＦ₂)₄(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＦ₂)₅(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＦ₂)₆(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
Ｈ(ＣＦ₂)(ＣＨ₂)ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
Ｈ(ＣＦ₂)₂(ＣＨ₂)ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
Ｈ(ＣＦ₂)₄(ＣＨ₂)ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
Ｈ(ＣＦ₂)₆(ＣＨ₂)ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
Ｈ(ＣＦ₂)₈(ＣＨ₂)ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃ＣＨＦＣＦ₂(ＣＨ₂)ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＨ₂)ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃ＣＦ₂(ＣＨ₂)ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₃(ＣＨ₂)ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₄(ＣＨ₂)ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₅(ＣＨ₂)ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₆(ＣＨ₂)ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₇(ＣＨ₂)ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＨ₂)ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃ＣＦ₂(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₃(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₄(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₅(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₆(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₇(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＨ₂)₃ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃ＣＦ₂(ＣＨ₂)₃ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₃(ＣＨ₂)₃ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₄(ＣＨ₂)₃ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₅(ＣＨ₂)₃ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₆(ＣＨ₂)₃ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₇(ＣＨ₂)₃ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＨ₂)₆ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃ＣＦ₂(ＣＨ₂)₆ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₃(ＣＨ₂)₆ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₄(ＣＨ₂)₆ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₅(ＣＨ₂)₆ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₆(ＣＨ₂)₆ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₇(ＣＨ₂)₆ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃ＣＨ＝ＣＨＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃ＣＦ₂ＣＨ＝ＣＨＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₃ＣＨ＝ＣＨＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₄ＣＨ＝ＣＨＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₅ＣＨ＝ＣＨＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₆ＣＨ＝ＣＨＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₇ＣＨ＝ＣＨＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＦ₂)(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＦ₂)₂(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＦ₂)₃(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＦ₂)₄(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＦ₂)₅(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＦ₂)₆(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
Ｈ(ＣＦ₂)(ＣＨ₂)ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
Ｈ(ＣＦ₂)₂(ＣＨ₂)ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
Ｈ(ＣＦ₂)₄(ＣＨ₂)ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
Ｈ(ＣＦ₂)₆(ＣＨ₂)ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
Ｈ(ＣＦ₂)₈(ＣＨ₂)ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃ＣＨＦＣＦ₂(ＣＨ₂)ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃ＳＯ₂Ｎ(ＣＨ₃)(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)ＳＯ₂Ｎ(ＣＨ₃)(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₂ＳＯ₂Ｎ(ＣＨ₃)(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₃ＳＯ₂Ｎ(ＣＨ₃)(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₄ＳＯ₂Ｎ(ＣＨ₃)(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₅ＳＯ₂Ｎ(ＣＨ₃)(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₆ＳＯ₂Ｎ(ＣＨ₃)(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃(ＣＦ₂)₇ＳＯ₂Ｎ(Ｃ₂Ｈ₅)(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
ＣＦ₃Ｃ₆Ｆ₁₀(ＣＦ₂)₂ＳＯ₂Ｎ(ＣＨ₃)(ＣＨ₂)₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦＣＨ₂ＣＨ(ＯＣＯＣＨ₃)ＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＦ₂)ＣＨ₂ＣＨ(ＯＣＯＣＨ₃)ＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＦ₂)₂ＣＨ₂ＣＨ(ＯＣＯＣＨ₃)ＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＦ₂)₃ＣＨ₂ＣＨ(ＯＣＯＣＨ₃)ＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＦ₂)₄ＣＨ₂ＣＨ(ＯＣＯＣＨ₃)ＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＦ₂)₅ＣＨ₂ＣＨ(ＯＣＯＣＨ₃)ＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＦ₂)₆ＣＨ₂ＣＨ(ＯＣＯＣＨ₃)ＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣ(ＣＨ₃)＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦＣＨ₂ＣＨ(ＯＨ)ＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＦ₂)ＣＨ₂ＣＨ(ＯＨ)ＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＦ₂)₂ＣＨ₂ＣＨ(ＯＨ)ＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＦ₂)₃ＣＨ₂ＣＨ(ＯＨ)ＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＦ₂)₄ＣＨ₂ＣＨ(ＯＨ)ＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＦ₂)₅ＣＨ₂ＣＨ(ＯＨ)ＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＦ₂)₆ＣＨ₂ＣＨ(ＯＨ)ＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＦ₂)₇ＣＨ₂ＣＨ(ＯＨ)ＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
(ＣＦ₃)₂ＣＦ(ＣＦ₂)₈ＣＨ₂ＣＨ(ＯＨ)ＣＨ₂ＯＣＯＣＨ＝ＣＨ₂、
【００６４】
【化２】

【００６５】
上記のフルオロアルキル基含有（メタ）アクリレートは２種以上を混合して用いることももちろん可能である。
【００６６】
非フッ素系モノマーとしては、例えば、（メタ）アクリレートエステルが挙げられる。（メタ）アクリレートエステルは、（メタ）アクリル酸と、脂肪族アルコール、例えば、一価アルコール又は多価アルコール（例えば、２価アルコール）とのエステルであってもよい。
【００６７】
非フッ素系モノマーとしては、例えば以下のものを例示できる。
【００６８】
２−エチルヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、シクロヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、ラウリル（メタ）アクリレート、ステアリル(メタ)アクリレート、ヒドロキシアルキル(メタ)アクリレート、テトラヒドロフルフリル（メタ）アクリレート、ポリオキシアルキレン(メタ)アクリレート、アルコキシポリオキシアルキレン(メタ)アクリレート、３−クロロ−２−ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、グリシジル(メタ)アクリレート、Ｎ、Ｎ−ジメチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、Ｎ、Ｎ−ジエチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ベンジル（メタ）アクリレートグリシジルメタクリレート、ヒドロキシプロピルモノメタクリレート、２−ヒドロキシ−３−フェノキシプロピルアクリレート、２−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート、グリセロールモノメタクリレート、β−アクリロイルオキシエチルハイドロジェンサクシネート、β−メタクリロイルオキシエチルハイドロジェンフタレート、２−アクリロイロキシエチルヘキサヒドロフタル酸、２−アクリロイロキシエチルフタル酸、２−アクリロイロキシエチル−２−ヒドロキシエチルフタル酸、メタクリル酸ヒドロキシプロピルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライド、ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリレート、ジエチルアミノエチルメタクリレート、２−アクリロイロキシエチルアシッドホスフェート、グルコシルエチルメタクリレート、メタクリルアミド、２−ヒドロキシ−３−アクリロイロキシプロピルメタクリレート、２−メタクリロイロキシエチルアシッドホスフェート、ヒドロキシピバリン酸ネオペンチルグリコールジアクリレート等の(メタ)アクリレート類；スチレン、ｐ−イソプロピルスチレン等のスチレン類；(メタ)アクリルアミド、ジアセトン(メタ)アクリルアミド、Ｎ−メチロール(メタ)アクリルアミド、Ｎ−ブトキシメチルアクリルアミド、２−アクリルアミド−２−メチルプロパンスルホン酸等の（メタ）アクリルアミド類；ビニルアルキルエーテル等のビニルエーテル類。
【００６９】
更に、エチレン、ブタジエン、酢酸ビニル、クロロプレン、塩化ビニルなどのハロゲン化ビニル、ハロゲン化ビニリデン、アクリロニトリル、ビニルアルキルケトン、無水マレイン酸、Ｎ−ビニルカルバゾール、ビニルピロリドン、(メタ）アクリル酸等が挙げられる。
【００７０】
また、非フッ素系モノマーは、ケイ素系モノマー（例えば、（メタ）アクリロイル基含有アルキルシラン、（メタ）アクリロイル基含有アルコキシシラン、（メタ）アクリロイル基含有ポリシロキサン）であってよい。
【００７１】
含フッ素重合体（ｃ（１））は、ラジカル重合法で製造できる。
【００７２】
重合体（ｃ（１））の重量平均分子量は比較的小さいものであり、３、０００以上、更には５、０００以上、特に７、０００以上であり、また３０、０００以下、更には２０、０００以下、特に１５、０００以下であるが好ましい。
【００７３】
低熱容量の無機粒子（ｄ）としては、多くの金属単体又は非金属単体、更には一部の金属化合物の粒子が該当する。具体例としては、例えば金、銀、アルミニウム、鉄、銅などの金属；炭素、ホウ素などの非金属；その他金属化合物などを掲げることができる。
また、低熱容量の無機粒子（ｄ）は、別の観点からは、導電性であることが望ましい。撥水性バインダーの多くは帯電性であり、塗膜表面に氷結の核となる塵を付着させやすいので、塗膜表面の帯電を防止することにより着氷（雪）を更に防止できる。
なお、耐候性を損なわないためには低熱容量の無機粒子も耐候性や耐食性、耐溶剤性に富むものが望ましい。
低熱容量の無機粒子（ｄ）の熱容量としては、モル熱容量で７Ｃａ／ＪＫ^-1ｍｏｌ^-1以下が好ましい。下限は通常６Ｃａ／ＪＫ^-1ｍｏｌ^-1である。
低熱容量の無機粒子（ｄ）の１次平均粒子径としては、分散性の点から２μｍ以上、１２μｍ以下が好ましい。
【００７４】
かかる低熱容量の無機粒子（ｄ）としては、特に炭素の単体であるカーボンブラック、とりわけ結晶性のカーボンブラックが好ましい。
【００７５】
なお、低熱容量の無機粒子（ｄ）を配合するときは、その理由は不明であるが、撥水性の有無にかかわらず、滑落性が更に向上する。また、着霜してしまった場合の除霜を容易にする作用も期待できる。
【００７６】
溶媒（ｅ）は、表面処理組成物の各成分の均一な混合を容易にし、塗膜の形成を容易にし、更に各種成分を撥水性バインダー樹脂（ａ）中に均一分散させる観点から有用である。したがって、溶媒（ｅ）は他の成分（ａ）、（ｂ）、（ｃ）及び（ｄ）を考慮して選択される。
【００７７】
溶媒（ｅ）としては水などの無機溶媒系でもよいが、上記観点から有機溶媒系が好ましい。有機溶媒系としては単一の溶媒でも２種以上の混合溶媒系でもよい。２種以上使用する場合は、極性有機溶媒と非極性有機溶媒を含むことが他の各成分をより一層均一に分散させ得る点から望ましい。
【００７８】
極性有機溶媒としては、例えば酢酸ブチル、酢酸エチル、アセトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、エタノール、イソプロパノール、ブタノール、エチレングリコールモノアルキルエーテルなどが揚げられる。
【００７９】
非極性有機溶媒としては、例えばトルエン、キシレン、ｎ−ヘキサン、シクロヘキサン、ヘプタンのほか、石油スピリッツであるターペンなどが揚げられる。
【００８０】
特に酢酸ブチルと石油系溶剤（トルエン、キシレン、ｎ−ヘキサン、シクロヘキサン、ヘプタン、ターペンなど）とを混合使用することにより、得られる塗膜の滑水性を調節できる。混合割合は組み合わせる溶剤の種類によって異なり任意であるが、同じ重量か酢酸ブチルが多いほうが滑水性が良好な点から好ましい。
【００８１】
本発明の表面処理組成物における好ましい配合割合は、撥水性のバインダー樹脂（ａ）１００重量部に対して（以下、特に断らない限り同じ）、ＰＴＦＥ粒子（ｂ）は１００重量部以上で２００重量部以下であり、分散剤（ｃ）は５重量部以上で３０重量部以下である。低熱容量の無機粒子（ｄ）は２５重量部以上で２００重量部以下、また溶媒（ｅ）は４００重量部以上で２０００重量部以下とすることが好ましい。
【００８２】
かかる表面処理組成物は、塗膜を形成できる形態であれば種々の形態に調製できるが、塗膜の形成が容易な点から溶媒型塗料に調製するのが好ましく、塗装性や分散性の点から固形分濃度を５〜４０重量％、特に１５〜３０重量％とするのが好ましい。また、本発明の目的を損なわない限り、顔料、他の樹脂類、流動調整剤、色分かれ防止剤、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤などの各種添加剤を配合してもよい。
【００８３】
溶媒型塗料としての表面処理用組成物の調製は、溶剤（ｅ）に各成分を投入し、充分攪拌して行う。攪拌方法としては特に限定されないが、超音波攪拌法や強制攪拌法などがＰＴＦＥ粒子（ｂ）や低熱容量の無機粒子（ｄ）などの粒子成分を容易に均一に分散できる点から好ましい。
【００８４】
塗装方法としては特に限定されず、例えばディップコート法、バーコート法、ロールコート法、スプレー法などの方法が採用できる。塗布後、室温で乾燥するか、必要に応じて加熱乾燥させて硬化被膜を形成する。
【００８５】
塗膜の膜厚は適用部分によって適宜選定すればよいが、通常１０μｍ以上、更には３０μｍ以上、また０．２ｍｍ以下、更には０．１ｍｍ以下が好ましい。
【００８６】
塗布する基材は特に限定されず、着霜が問題となる熱交換器によって決まる。例えばアルミニウム、ステンレススチール、銅、各種合金、セラミックスなどが揚げられる。
【００８７】
かくして得られる塗膜（熱交換面部を形成する表面構造）は、熱交換面部に表面部分Ａと表面部分Ｂを与え、易霜氷剥離性を有するものである。
更にこの塗膜は、熱交換面部の滑落角（４μリットル水滴）を１０度以下、更に好ましくは５度以下にすることができ、また、塗膜表面の対水接触角を１４０度以上、更には１４５度以上、特に１５０度以上にし、撥水性表面に形成された微小な水滴も容易に滑落し、着霜の核を形成させず、着霜を防止する効果を向上させるものである。
【００８８】
（表面構造についての試験例）
次に、上記塗膜により表面構造を形成した試験例について説明する。なお、本発明に係る塗膜形成方法は下記の試験例に用いた形成方法に限定されるものではない。
【００８９】
比較試験例１
撥水性バインダー樹脂（ａ）としてダイキン工業（株）製のゼッフルＧＫ−５１０、ＰＴＦＥ粒子（ｂ）としてセントラル硝子（株）製のセフラルルーブ（商品名。平均一次粒子径５〜１０μｍの変性ＰＴＦＥ。重量平均分子量１５００〜２００００）、分散剤（ｃ）としてダイキン工業（株）製のユニダインＴＧ−６５６を用い、表１に記載の量を表１に示す有機溶剤（ｅ）に投入し、超音波攪拌法により攪拌混合して表面処理用組成物を調製した。
【００９０】
得られた表面処理用組成物をアルミニウム板（ＪＩＳＨ４０００のＡ１２００系。１００ｍｍ×１００ｍｍ）上にスプレー法で塗装し、室温で１日間放置して硬化させた後、塗膜表面を洗浄せずに乾燥して試験用の塗板（塗膜の膜厚２０μｍ）を作製した。
【００９１】
この塗板について以下の方法により、対水接触角及び滑落角（４μリットル）を調べた。結果を表１に示す。
【００９２】
なお、対水接触角は次のようにして測定した。
ＪＩＳＲ３２５７に準じ、協和界面科学（株）製の接触角計（ＣＡ−ＶＰ、商品名）により、温度１５〜２０℃、相対湿度５０〜７０％で測定した。対水接触角の角度は大きいほうが撥水性が高い。
【００９３】
また、滑落角は次のようにして測定した。
塗板を協和界面科学（株）製の接触角計（ＣＡ−ＶＰ、商品名）に水平に固定し、温度１７±１℃で相対湿度６０±２％の環境下に水平に載置された試料板上に蒸留水を４μリットル滴下して水滴を形成し、次いで試料板を角度０．１度ずつ傾斜させていき、水滴が転がり始めたときの試料板の角度を測定した。表に示す測定値は初回の滑落角である。滑落角の角度は小さいほうが水滴滑落性（滑水性）がよい。
【００９４】
【表１】

【００９５】
試験例１
上記の比較試験例１において、成分（ａ）、（ｂ）、（ｃ）及び（ｅ）の配合割合を表２に示す割合とし、更に低熱容量の無機粒子（ｄ）として表２に示す粒子を同表に示す量加えたほかは試験例１と同様にして表面処理用組成物を調製し塗装して試験用の塗板を作製した。攪拌方法は超音波攪拌法を採用した。
【００９６】
この塗板について、対水接触角及び転落角を比較試験例１と同様にして調べた。結果を表２に示す。この結果から、低熱容量の無機粒子（ｄ）を加えることにより滑落性を改善し得ることが分かる。
【００９７】
なお、表２中の低熱容量の無機粒子（ｄ）は次のものである。
ＣＢ：カーボンブラック（シグマ・アルドリッチ製。一次平均粒子径２〜１２μｍ）
ＧＦ：天然黒鉛（一次平均粒子径約３μｍ）
【００９８】
【表２】

【００９９】
試験例２
試験例１の実験番号２−２（カーボンブラック粒子）及び実験番号２−８（天然黒鉛粒子）において、得られた塗膜を１２０℃で１０時間加熱硬化させ、試験用の塗板を作製した。
【０１００】
この加熱硬化塗板について、対水接触角及び転落角を比較試験例１と同様に調べた。その結果を表３に示す。この試験例２においても比較試験例１のものに比し滑落性を改善し得ることが分かる。
【０１０１】
【表３】

【０１０２】
試験例３
撥水性バインダー樹脂（ａ）としてダイキン工業（株）製のゼッフルＧＫ−５１０を４．０ｇ、ＰＴＦＥ粒子（ｂ）としてセントラル硝子（株）製のセフラルルーブ（商品名。平均一次粒子径５〜１０μｍの変性ＰＴＦＥ。重量平均分子量１５００〜２００００）を４．０ｇ、分散剤（ｃ）としてダイキン工業（株）製のユニダインＴＧ−６５６を４．０ｇ、低熱容量の無機粒子（ｄ）としてカーボンブラック（シグマ・アルドリッチ製。平均粒子径２〜１２μｍ）を２．０ｇ用い、酢酸ブチル２０ｇとヘプタン２０ｇの混合溶媒に投入し、超音波攪拌により攪拌混合して表面処理用組成物を調製した。
【０１０３】
得られた表面処理用組成物をアルミニウム板（ＪＩＳ Ｈ４０００のＡ１２００系。１００ｍｍ×１００ｍｍ）上にスプレー法で塗装し、室温で１日間放置して硬化させた後、塗膜表面を洗浄しないで乾燥して試験用の塗板（塗膜の膜厚２０〜３０μｍ）を作製した。
【０１０４】
この塗板をついて対水接触角及び滑落角（４μリットル）を前述の比較試験例１と同様の方法で測定したところ、対水接触角は１５２．１度であり、滑落角は４．６度であった。
【０１０５】
次に、着霜（フロスト）−除霜（デフロスト）試験を次の要領で行った。
まず、風洞内に試料板を鉛直に固定し、試料板の表面温度を−７±２℃に維持する。この風洞内に相対湿度８７±３％の湿気を含んだ空気（温度７±０．２℃）を試料板の表面に平行に風速１ｍ／秒で流し、試料板表面に強制的に着霜させる。このフロスト運転は２０分間続ける。
フロスト運転後直ちに試料板表面温度を５℃に加熱しデフロスト運転を開始する。空気はフロスト運転時と同じものを同じ条件で流す。デフロスト運転は２分間続ける。
このようなフロスト運転−デフロスト運転を１サイクルとし、これを連続して２サイクル行う。
以上が着霜（フロスト）−除霜（デフロスト）試験の要領である。
【０１０６】
上記着霜（フロスト）−除霜（デフロスト）試験により次の結果が得られた。
（１） 第１サイクルのフロスト運転開始１０分後に着霜が始まった。この着霜開始時の試料板表面の状態をＣＣＤカメラ（ＥＬＭＯ社製のＣＮ４０１。商品名）で撮影した写真を図１（全体）及び図２（拡大。倍率１．２倍。以下同様）に示す。
また、フロスト運転開始から２０分後の、フロスト運転終了時の試料板表面の着霜状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した写真を図３（全体）及び図４（拡大）に示す。この写真から分かるように、試料板表面に形成された霜又は氷は綿状（針状結晶の集合体）であった。
【０１０７】
（２） 第１サイクルのデフロスト運転では、デフロスト運転開始後直後から着霜している霜又は氷が剥離し始めた。この霜又は氷の剥離開始時の試料板表面の状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した写真を図５（全体）及び図６（拡大）に示す。これら写真から分かるように、この試験例３では、氷は塊のままでずれ落ちている。なお、従来の熱交換器では、氷が略解けていた、また、氷が略解ける前に氷の塊がずれ落ちるようなことはなかった。
また、第１サイクルのデフロスト運転開始２分後のデフロスト運転終了時には完全に霜又は氷が試料板表面から剥がれ落ちてしまっていた。このデフロスト運転終了時の試料板表面の状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した写真を図７（全体）及び図８（拡大）に示す。これら写真から分かるように、デフロスト運転終了時の試料板表面には肉眼で観察できる水滴は認められなかった。
【０１０８】
（３） 引き続く第２サイクルでは、フロスト運転開始６分後に着霜が始まった。
そして、第２サイクルのフロスト運転開始２０分後の、フロスト運転終了時の試料板表面の状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した写真を図９（全体）及び図１０（拡大）に示す。これら写真から分かるように、第１回目のフロスト運転の状態と比較し変化がない。
（４）次いで行った第２サイクルのデフロスト運転では、デフロスト運転開始直後から霜又は氷が剥離し始めた。この霜又は氷の剥離開始時の試料板表面の状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した写真を図１１（全体）に示す。
また、第２サイクルのデフロスト運転開始から３０秒後には、試料板表面に付着した霜又は氷が略完全に剥離した。この霜又は氷が略完全に剥離したときの試料板表面の状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した写真を図１２（全体）に示す。これら写真から分かるように、第２サイクルのデフロスト運転時においても、霜又は氷が塊のままでずれ落ちている。
また、第２サイクルのデフロスト運転開始から２分後の、デフロスト運転終了時の試料板表面の状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した写真を図１３（全体）及び図１４（拡大）に示す。これら写真から分かるように、第２サイクルのデフロスト運転終了後にも試料板表面には肉眼で観察できる水滴は認められなかった。
【０１０９】
比較試験例２
試験例３において、低熱容量の無機粒子（ｄ）を配合しなかったほかは同様にして調製した表面処理用組成物を用いて試料板を作製し、同様にして着霜（フロスト）−除霜（デフロスト）試験を行った。その結果は次のようであった。
【０１１０】
（１） 第１サイクルのフロスト運転開始約５分後に着霜が始まり、第１サイクルのフロスト運転開始から約１０分後にはほぼ全面が氷結した。このフロスト運転開始約１０分後の、全面フロスト状態の試料板表面の状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した写真を図１５（全体）及び図１６（拡大）に示す。
また、第１サイクルのフロスト運転開始２０分後の、フロスト運転終了時の試料板表面における着霜状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した写真を図１７（全体）及び図１８（拡大）に示す。
前述の試験例３と比較すると、フロスト運転終了時において着霜量の多いことが分かる。これは試験例３のものでは、試料板表面で結露した水滴が風圧で川下に流されたり、容易に下方に落下したりするため、フロスト運転により氷結する水滴が試料板表面に少ないことを示しているものと解釈できる。
【０１１１】
（２） 第１サイクルのデフロスト運転では、デフロスト運転開始直後から着霜している霜又は氷が融解し始めた。この霜又は氷の融解開始時の試料板表面の状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した写真を図１９（全体）及び図２０（拡大）に示す。これら写真から分かるように、氷が剥離しているところでは水玉模様の水滴が付着して霜又は氷が完全に融解した状態となっており、前述の試験例３のように氷の塊がずれ落ちる状況とは異なっている。
また、第１サイクルのデフロスト運転開始２分後のデフロスト運転終了時には完全に霜又は氷が融解した。このデフロスト運転終了時の試料板表面の状態を撮影した写真を図２１（全体）及び図２２（拡大）に示す。これら写真から分かるように、前述の試験例３とは異なり、デフロスト運転終了後の試料板表面には肉眼で観察できる大小の水滴が多数認められた。
【０１１２】
（３） 引き続く第２サイクルでは、運転開始６分後に着霜が始まった。
第２サイクルのフロスト運転開始２０分後の、フロスト運転終了時の試料板表面の状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した写真を図２３（全体）及び図２４（拡大）に示す。これら写真から大きな水滴が氷結した状態であることが分かる。この点で第１回目のフロスト運転時の状態と比較し大きな変化のあることが分かる。これは、第１回目のデフロスト運転終了後の試料板表面に付着していた大きな水滴が氷結したものと思われる。
（４）次いで行った第２サイクルのデフロスト運転では、デフロスト運転開始直後から霜又は氷が融解し始めた。デフロスト運転開始直後の霜又は氷が融解開始時の試料板表面の状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した写真を図２５（全体）に示す。また、デフロスト運転開始１分後には霜又は氷が略完全に融解した。このときの試料板表面の状態を撮影した写真を図２６（全体）に示す。これら写真から分かるように、付着した霜又は氷は塊のままでずれ落ちることなく融解している。
また、第２サイクルにおけるデフロスト運転開始２分後の、デフロスト運転終了時の試料板表面の状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した写真を図２７（全体）及び図２８（拡大）に示す。これら写真から分かるように、前述の第１回目のデフロスト運転終了時より更に多くの大小の水滴が表面に残存していた。
【０１１３】
上記のように、本発明に係る表面構造を熱交換面部に施すと、熱交換面部が撥水性、滑水性及び易霜氷剥離性に優れたものとなる。
【０１１４】
（表面構造の適用例）
次に、上記表面構造をセパレート型空気調和機の室外ユニットの外装ケースの表面部、室外側熱交換器のフィンの熱交換面部などに適用した適用例について説明する。
【０１１５】
適用例１
適用例１として、トランク型のセパレート型空気調和機の室外ユニットに前述の表面構造を適用した例について述べる。図２９は、適用例１に係るセパレート型空気調和機のトランク型室外ユニットの側断面図である。
このトランク型室外ユニット１は、機器配置、各部の形状については従来一般のトランク型室外ユニットと同様である。すなわち、この室外ユニット１は、トランク型の外装ケース２の前面側に吹出グリル３が設けられ、その内部にプロペラ型の室外ファン４が配設されている。５は同プロペラ型の室外ファン４用のベルマウス５である。また、外装ケース２の背面には吸込グリル６が形成されており、この吸込グリル６に近接して室外側熱交換器７が配設されている。また、吹出グリル３及び吸込グリル６は、金属板を打ち抜き加工して形成したものや、樹脂成型品として形成されたものである。また、この吹出グリル３及び吸込グリル６の基本形状は従来一般のものと同様に格子状パターン（図３０参照）に形成されている。
なお、図２９の室外ユニット１には圧縮機、制御盤等が搭載されているが、これら機器は図２９では省略されている。
【０１１６】
そして、この適用例１に係る室外ユニット１においては、外装ケース２の外表面部、外装ケース２の内表面部、外装ケース２の一部を成す吹出グリル３、外装ケース２の一部を成す吸込グリル６、室外側熱交換器７のフィンの熱交換面部に、前述の表面処理用組成物からなる塗料が塗装されている。すなわち、これら部材の表面部は、低熱容量の表面部分Ａと霜又は氷との結合性又は付着性が低い表面部分Ｂの２種類の表面部分が分散配置され、表面部分Ａ及び表面部分Ｂが前述の特性１及び特性２を充足する表面構造を形成するように構成されている。
【０１１７】
セパレート型空気調和機の室外ユニット１では、「発明が解決しようとする課題」の項で述べたように、一般的に、外装ケース２の外側表面部、外装ケース２の内側表面部、吹出グリル３、吸込グリル６に雪、霜、氷が全面的又は部分的に付着することがある。また、吸込グリル６と室外側熱交換器７との間では霜又は氷が氷結して両者間が繋がることがある。また、吹出グリル３及び吸込グリル６では、付着する雪、霜、氷により開口部が塞がれ十分な風量が得られなくなることがある。
【０１１８】
しかしながら、この適用例１においては、次のように付着し難くなり、また、付着した雪、霜、氷を容易に剥離したりすることができ、更には、剥離された後に再氷結し難くなる。
すなわち、適用例１の外装ケース２の外表面部及び内表面部では、凝縮する凝縮水が球形状となって容易に飛散され、又は容易に下方に落下される。したがって、凝縮水が霜又は氷に成長し難くなる。また、外装ケース２の外表面部及び内表面部に付着した霜、氷、雪は、表面部分Ａに接触している界面部分の霜又は氷が融解することにより連なって剥離されるので、従来のものに比し剥離され易くなる。また、剥離された後には、水滴、霜、氷、雪などの残存量が少なくなるため、従来に比し再氷結し難くなる。
【０１１９】
同様に、外装ケース２の一部を構成する吹出グリル３及び吸込グリル６では、表面部に付着した凝縮水は、球形状となって容易に飛散し、又は容易に下方に落下する。また、表面部に付着した霜、氷、雪は、表面部分Ａに接触している界面部分の霜、氷、雪が融解することにより連なって剥離されるので、従来のものに比し剥離され易い。また、剥離された後には、水滴、霜、氷、雪などの残存量が少なくなるため、従来に比し再氷結し難くなっている。
【０１２０】
したがって、この実施の形態による室外ユニット１によれば、外装ケース２の外表面部や内表面部に付着する霜、氷、雪などの量を軽減することができ、また、付着した霜、氷、雪などを短時間で剥離することができる。これにより、暖房運転時において、外装ケース２に付着した霜、氷、雪などによる外気の冷却が軽減され、暖房性能の低下が防止される。
【０１２１】
また、外装ケース２の一部を構成する吹出グリル３や吸込グリル６の表面部に付着する霜、氷、雪などの量を軽減することができ、また、付着した霜、氷、雪などを短時間で剥離することができる。これにより、吹出グリル３や吸込グリル６が霜、氷、雪などにより塞がれて通風抵抗が増加することを防止することができる。この結果、室外側熱交換器７を通過する風量が確保され、暖房性能の低下を防止することができる。また、吹出グリル３や吸込グリル６の通風抵抗の増加による騒音の増大を防止することができる。
【０１２２】
また、この実施の形態のセパレート型ヒートポンプ式空気調和機の室外ユニット１によれば、室外側熱交換器７の熱交換面部は、低熱容量の表面部分Ａと霜又は氷との結合性又は付着性が低い表面部分Ｂの２種類の表面部分が分散配置されることになり、撥水性及び滑落性に優れ、易霜氷剥離性の付与されたものとなる。このため、室外側熱交換器７の表面で凝縮して付着した凝縮水は、球形状となり、過冷却状態となり凍りにくくなる。したがって、熱交換面部に付着した霜の成長速度が低下し除霜が必要となる着霜量までの暖房運転時間が延長される。
【０１２３】
また、除霜運転時において、室外側熱交換器７の熱交換面部では、表面部分Ａと接触する界面部分の霜又は氷を融解することにより、表面部分Ａ上の霜又は氷が剥離する。さらに、この剥離した表面部分Ａ上の霜又は氷と表面部分Ｂに付着する霜又は氷とが少なくとも部分的に結合し、連なって剥離される。したがって、この室外側熱交換器７では、従来のように熱交換面部に接触する界面部分の霜又は氷を全面的に融解する必要がなくなり、表面部分Ａに接触する霜又は氷のみを融解すればよく、除霜運転時間が短縮される。
また、この発明による室外側熱交換器７は、熱交換面部に易霜氷剥離性が付与されるので、冷凍運転時における着霜や氷結の核が少なくなり、冷凍運転時間の延長及び除霜運転時間の短縮を繰り返し発揮させることができる。このため、除霜に要する熱エネルギーが少なくて済むとともに、除霜運転時間が短縮される。
【０１２４】
また、上述のように室外側熱交換器７のフィンが撥水性、滑水性に優れ、易霜氷剥離性が付与されると室外側熱交換器７から水滴が飛散されやすくなり、外装ケース２の内表面部や吸込グリル６に水滴が付着され易くなる。このため、従来の外装ケース２では、外装ケース２の内表面部や吹出グリル３の表面部に霜又は氷が付着され易くなり、暖房性能の低下が著しくなるという問題が発生し易くなるが、この適用例１では、外装ケース２の内表面部や吹出グリル３の表面部に前述の表面書構造処理が施されているため、このような問題が発生しない。
【０１２５】
この結果、適用例１に係るセパレート型ヒートポンプ式空気調和機では、暖房運転等の通常の冷凍運転時間の延長が可能となり、エネルギー効率の低下を抑制することができる。
【０１２６】
適用例２
適用例２は、上吹出型のセパレート型ヒートポンプ式空気調和機の室外ユニットに応用する例を示したものである。図３１は適用例２に係るセパレート型空気調和機の上吹出型室外ユニットの側断面図である。
この上吹出型室外ユニット１１は、機器配置、各部の形状については従来一般のトランク型室外ユニットと同様である。この室外ユニット１１は、水平方向の寸法に比し高さ方向の寸法が長い上吹出型の外装ケース１２を備えている。またこの上面部に吹出グリル１３が設けられ、その内部にプロペラ型の室外ファン１４が回転軸を垂直にして配設されている。なお、このプロペラファン１４のベルマウス１５の開口部に吹出グリル１３が設けられている。この吹出グリル１３は平面視渦巻き状に形成されている。また、外装ケース１２の側面部には吸込グリル１６が形成され、この吸込グリル１６に近接、かつ対向して室外側熱交換器１７が配置されている。また、吸込グリル１６は、金属板を打ち抜き加工して形成したもの又は樹脂成型品として形成されたものである。また、この吸込グリル１６の基本形状は適用例１のものと同様に格子状パターン（図３０参照）に形成されている。
なお、図３１の室外ユニット１１には圧縮機、制御盤等が搭載されているが、これら機器は図３１では省略されている。
【０１２７】
そして、この適用例２に係る室外ユニット１１においては、外装ケース１２の外表面部、外装ケース１２の内表面部、外装ケース１２の一部を成す吹出グリル１３、外装ケース１２の一部を成す吸込グリル１６、及び室外側熱交換器１７のフィンの熱交換面部に、適用例１の場合と同様に前述の表面処理用組成物からなる塗料が塗装されている。
【０１２８】
これにより、適用例１と同様の作用効果を奏することができる。
すなわち、外装ケース１２の外表面部、外装ケース１２の内表面部、外装ケース１２の一部を成す吹出グリル１３、及び外装ケース１２の一部を成す吸込グリル１６の表面部に付着する霜、氷、雪などの量を軽減することができ、また、付着した霜、氷、雪などを短時間で剥離することができる。この結果、暖房運転時において、外装ケース２に付着した霜、氷、雪などによる外気の冷却が軽減され、暖房性能の低下が防止される。また、吹出グリル３及び吸込グリル６が塞がれることが防止され、吸込グリル６が塞がれることによる通風抵抗の増加が防止され、暖房性能の低下が防止され、騒音の増大が防止される。
また、室外側熱交換器１７における熱交換面部が撥水性及び滑落性に優れたものとなり、易霜氷剥離性が付与される。これにより、室外側熱交換器１７における霜の成長速度が低下し、除霜が必要となる着霜量までの暖房運転時間が延長され、さらに、除霜時間が短縮化され、除霜エネルギーが節約される。
また、室外側熱交換器１７のフィンが撥水性、滑水性に優れ、易霜氷剥離性を付与されると、室外側熱交換器１７から水滴が飛散され易くなり、外装ケース１２の内表面部や吸込グリル１６に水滴が付着され易くなる。しかし、外装ケース１２の内表面部や吹出グリル３の表面部に前述の表面書構造処理が施されているため、この飛散された水滴により外装ケース１２の内表面部や吹出グリル１３の表面部に霜又は氷が多く付着されると言う問題は生じない。
この結果、適用例１の場合と同様に、この適用例２に係るセパレート型ヒートポンプ式空気調和機では、暖房運転等の通常の冷凍運転時間の延長が可能となり、エネルギー効率の低下を抑制することができる。
【０１２９】
なお、上記適用例１において、吹出グリル３及び吸込グリル６、更に、適用礼２における吸込グリル１６を図３０の格子状パターンから、図３２又は図３３のようなパターンに変更しても良い。すなわち、図３２は、図３０の水平の桟３１を左下がりの桟３２ａや右下がりの桟３２ｂに変更するとこれら桟３２ａ、３２ｂに付着する水滴、霜、氷又は雪の落下が促進される。また、図３１の水平の桟３１を図３３のように左下がりの桟３３ａと右下がりの桟３３ｂとを連続させるようにしてもよい。
【０１３０】
上記適用例１及び適用例２において、外装ケース２、１２の外表面部、外装ケース２、１２の内表面部、外装ケース２、１２の一部を成す吹出グリル３、１３、外装ケース２、１２の一部を成す吸込グリル６、１６、及び室外側熱交換器７、１７のフィンの熱交換面部に、低熱容量の表面部分Ａと霜又は氷との結合性又は付着性が低い表面部分Ｂの２種類の表面部分が分散配置され、表面部分Ａ及び表面部分Ｂが前述の特性１及び特性２を充足する表面構造を形成するように構成しているが、本発明は、これら部材の一部にのみ上記表面構造を施したものをも包含する。
【０１３１】
【発明の効果】
外装ケースの外表面部、外装ケースの内表面部、外装ケースの一部を成す吹出グリル、又は外装ケースの一部を成す吸込グリルの表面部は、低熱容量の表面部分Ａと霜又は氷との結合性又は付着性が低い表面部分Ｂの２種類の表面部分が分散配置され、表面部分Ａ及び表面部分Ｂが前述の特性１及び特性２を充足する表面構造を形成するように構成されているので、これら表面部に付着する霜、氷、雪の量を軽減することができ、また、これら表面部に付着した霜、氷、雪を短時間で剥離することができる。この結果、暖房性能の低下が防止される。また、吹出グリルや吸込グリルの通風抵抗の増加が防止され、暖房性能の低下が防止され、騒音の増大が防止される。
また、室外側熱交換器のフィンにおける熱交換面部において、低熱容量の表面部分Ａと霜又は氷との結合性又は付着性が低い表面部分Ｂの２種類の表面部分が分散配置され、表面部分Ａ及び表面部分Ｂが前述の特性１及び特性２を充足する表面構造を形成するように構成される場合は、室外側熱交換器における霜の成長速度が低下し、除霜が必要となる着霜量までの暖房運転時間が延長され、さらに、除霜時間が短縮化され、除霜エネルギーが節約される。なお、室外側熱交換器から水滴が飛散されやすくなり、外装ケースの内表面部や吸込グリルに水滴が付着され易くなる。しかし、外装ケースの内表面部や吹出グリルの表面部に前述の表面書構造処理が施されているため、この飛散された水滴により外装ケース１２の内表面部や吹出グリルの表面部に霜又は氷が多く付着されるという問題は生じない。
この結果、本発明に係るセパレート型ヒートポンプ式空気調和機では、外装ケースまたは外装ケースを構成する吸込グリルや吹出グリルの表面部への着霜を低減し、暖房運転性能の向上を図ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】試験例３における第１サイクルのフロスト運転開始１０分後の、着霜開始時の試料板表面の状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した写真である。
【図２】図１の部分拡大写真である。
【図３】試験例３における第１サイクルのフロスト運転開始２０分後の、フロスト運転終了時の試料板表面の着霜状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した全体写真である。
【図４】図３の部分拡大写真である。
【図５】試験例３における第１サイクルのデフロスト運転開始直後の、霜又は氷の剥離開始時の試料板表面の剥離状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した全体写真である。
【図６】図５の部分拡大写真である。
【図７】試験例３における第１サイクルのデフロスト運転開始２分後の、デフロスト運転終了時の試料板表面の状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した全体写真である。
【図８】図７の部分拡大写真である。
【図９】試験例３における第２サイクルのフロスト運転開始２０分後の、フロスト運転終了時の試料板表面の状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した全体写真である。
【図１０】図９の部分拡大写真である。
【図１１】試験例３における第２サイクルのデフロスト運転開始直後の、霜又は氷の剥離開始時の試料板表面の状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した全体写真である。
【図１２】試験例３における第２サイクルのデフロスト運転開始３０秒後の、剥離略完了時の試料板表面の状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した全体写真である。
【図１３】試験例３における第２サイクルのデフロスト運転開始２分後の、デフロスト運転終了時の試料板表面の状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した全体写真である。
【図１４】図１３の部分拡大写真である。
【図１５】比較試験例２における第１サイクルのフロスト運転開始約１０分後の、全面フロスト状態の試料板表面の状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した全体写真である。
【図１６】図１５の部分拡大写真である。
【図１７】比較試験例２における第１サイクルのフロスト運転開始２０分後の、フロスト運転終了時の試料板表面の状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した全体写真である。
【図１８】図１７の部分拡大写真である。
【図１９】比較試験例２におけるで第１サイクルのデフロスト運転開始直後の、霜又は氷の融解開始時の試料板表面の状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した全体写真である。
【図２０】図１９の部分拡大写真である。
【図２１】比較試験例２の第１サイクルにおけるデフロスト運転開始２分後の、デフロスト運転終了時の試料板表面の状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した全体写真である。
【図２２】図２１の部分拡大写真である。
【図２３】比較試験例２の第２サイクルにおけるフロスト運転開始２０分後の、フロスト運転終了時の試料板表面の状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した全体写真である。
【図２４】図２３の部分拡大写真である。
【図２５】比較試験例２の第２サイクルにおけるデフロスト運転開始直後の、霜又は氷の融解開始時の試料板表面の状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した全体写真である。
【図２６】比較試験例２の第２サイクルにおけるデフロスト運転開始１分後の試料板表面の状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した全体写真である。
【図２７】比較試験例２の第２サイクルにおけるデフロスト運転開始２分後の、デフロスト運転終了時の試料板表面の状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮影した全体写真
【図２８】図２７の部分拡大写真である。
【図２９】本発明の適用例１に係るセパレート型空気調和機のトランク型室外ユニットの側断面図である。
【図３０】吹出グリル及び吸込グリルの標準パターン例である。
【図３１】本発明の適用例２に係るセパレート型空気調和機の上吹出型室外ユニットの側断面図である。
【図３２】吹出グリル及び吸込グリルの他のパターン例である。
【図３３】吹出グリル及び吸込グリルの更なる他のパターン例である。
【符号の説明】
１、１１ 室外ユニット
２、１２ 外装ケース
３、１３ 吸込グリル
４、１４ 室外ファン
５、１５ ベルマウス
６、１６ 吸込グリル
７、１７ 室外側熱交換器[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an outdoor unit of a separate heat pump air conditioner, and more particularly to prevention of deterioration in heating operation performance due to frost, ice, snow, etc. adhering to a casing of the outdoor unit.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Generally, an outdoor unit of a separate type air conditioner has a trunk type as described in Patent Document 1 or an upper outlet type as described in Patent Document 2. The exterior cases of these air conditioners are only painted normally, and no measures have been taken to prevent adhesion of frost, ice, snow, and the like.
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-257381
[Patent Document 2]
JP 2002-221341 A
[Patent Document 3]
JP-A-8-3477
[Patent Document 4]
JP-A-8-3479
[Patent Document 5]
JP-A-57-34107
[Patent Document 6]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-7767
[Patent Document 7]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-174213
[Patent Document 8]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-26579
[Patent Document 9]
JP-A-2-298645
[Patent Document 10]
JP-A-4-279612
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
For this reason, when the outdoor unit of a conventional separate type air conditioner is used as the outdoor unit of a heat pump type air conditioner, frost, ice, snow or the like adheres to the inside or outside of the winter exterior case. There is a risk that the heating operation performance may deteriorate due to snow or the like.
More specifically, snow or frost may adhere to the outside of the exterior case entirely or partially without flowing down. On the other hand, the condensed water adhering to the outdoor heat exchanger scatters inside the outer case and adheres to the inner surface of the outer case, and the adhering water droplets may grow into frost or ice. Moreover, snow may blow in and adhere to the inside of the exterior case from a blowout grill or a suction grill provided in the exterior case. Thus, snow can blow into the inside of the exterior case in any of the shapes of Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 described above. In addition, when frost, ice, snow, or the like adheres to the exterior case, the air passing through the inside of the outdoor unit is cooled, resulting in a problem that the evaporation capacity in the outdoor heat exchanger is reduced, and the heating performance is reduced. .
[0005]
Moreover, in the blowing grill and the suction grill which constitute a part of the outer case, the opening may be blocked by snow. Moreover, since the suction grille is close to the outdoor heat exchanger as described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 described above, it is particularly easily cooled. For this reason, the suction grille is not only blocked by snow but also frost or ice adheres due to the cooling action of the outdoor heat exchanger, and sometimes the frost or ice grows like icicles. The outer heat exchanger and the suction grill may be connected with ice. In addition, in the blowout grill, the cooling water scattered in the outdoor heat exchanger or frost and condensed water scattered from the outdoor heat exchanger due to the defrosting operation adheres, and these water droplets freeze to block the water. May come off.
[0006]
In this way, if the suction grill or blowout grill is blocked by frost, ice, snow, etc., the resistance to ventilation increases, the load on the fan motor for the outdoor heat exchanger increases, the power consumption increases, and the air volume decreases. Invite. Further, when the air volume is reduced in this way, the heat exchange performance is lowered, and the comfort in the room is impaired. Furthermore, there is a problem that noise increases due to an increase in ventilation resistance of the suction grill and the blowout grill. Also, if the outdoor heat exchanger and the suction grille are connected with ice, the condensed water condensed in the outdoor heat exchanger will grow into frost or ice before being overcooled, and the frosting time Is shortened, and there is a risk of developing a problem that the heating performance is lowered.
[0007]
The present invention has been made paying attention to the problems existing in the prior art, and the object of the present invention is to improve the surface structure of the outer case, or the suction grille constituting the outer case, A separate heat pump air conditioner that improves the heating operation performance by improving the surface structure of the blowout grill to reduce frosting on the suction grille and the surface of the blowout grill constituting the exterior case. It is to provide outdoor units.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, an outdoor unit of a separate heat pump air conditioner of the present invention has an exterior case and an outdoor heat exchanger built in the exterior case, and the exterior case has a low heat capacity. It has an outer surface portion of a surface structure in which a surface portion A and a surface portion B having low binding or adhesion to frost or ice are dispersedly arranged. Further, these surface portion A and surface portion B show the following characteristics 1 and 2.
Here, the characteristic 1 is that when the member surface to which frost or ice is attached is heated, the frost or ice in the interface part in contact with the surface part A is frost or in the interface part in contact with the surface part B. Characteristic 2 refers to the property of melting faster than ice, and property 2 is the frost adhering to surface portion B or the frost adhering to ice and surface portion A when the surface of a member to which frost or ice is adhering is heated or It refers to the property that at least a part of ice is continuous and peels off from the member surface by its own weight.
[0009]
According to the outdoor unit of the separate heat pump type air conditioner configured as described above, the outer surface portion of the outer case is a surface portion B having a low heat capacity surface portion A and low binding or adhesion between frost or ice. Since the two types of surface portions are dispersedly arranged, the outer surface portion of the outer case becomes excellent in water repellency and sliding property, and easy frost and ice peelability is imparted.
In the present specification, the term “easy frost / ice releasability” refers to the amount of water droplets or frost remaining on the surface after the frost or ice frosted or frozen is easily peeled off by wind pressure, dead weight, etc. Refers to the property of reducing Therefore, when the frost / ice peelability is imparted to the outer surface portion of the outer case, re-freezing after the frost or ice on the outer surface portion of the outer case is peeled off becomes difficult.
As described above, the outer surface portion of the outer case according to the present invention is excellent in water repellency and sliding property, and is provided with easy frost ice peelability. Therefore, the condensed water condensed on the outer surface portion is easily scattered in a spherical shape. Or easily fall down. In addition, frost, ice, and snow adhering to the outer surface portion of the exterior case are peeled in succession as the frost or ice at the interface portion in contact with the surface portion A melts. Easy to peel off. In addition, after peeling, the remaining amount of water drops, frost, ice, snow and the like is reduced, so that re-freezing is less likely than in the past.
Therefore, according to the present invention, the amount of frost, ice, snow and the like adhering to the outer surface portion can be reduced, and the attached frost, ice and snow can be peeled off in a short time. Thereby, during heating operation, cooling of the outside air due to frost, ice, snow or the like adhering to the outer surface portion of the outer case is reduced, and a decrease in heating performance is prevented.
[0010]
The outdoor unit of the separate heat pump type air conditioner of the present invention has an exterior case and an outdoor heat exchanger built in the exterior case, and the exterior case is made of a water-repellent binder resin, polytetrafluoroethylene. It is good also as what has an outer surface part formed by the coating film formed with the composition for surface treatment which consists of particle | grains, a dispersing agent, a particle | grain of a low heat capacity, and a solvent.
[0011]
If comprised in this way, two types of surface parts, the surface part A with low heat capacity surface part A and the surface part B with low frost or ice binding property or adhesion, are distributed and arranged on the outer surface part of the outer case. The part A and the surface part B are configured so as to satisfy the characteristics 1 and 2, and easy frost-ice peelability is imparted. Therefore, the performance during heating operation can be maintained high.
[0012]
Moreover, the outdoor unit of the separate heat pump type air conditioner of the present invention has an exterior case and an outdoor heat exchanger built in the exterior case, and the exterior case includes a surface portion A having a low heat capacity and frost or The inner surface portion of the surface structure in which the surface portion B having low binding or adhesion to ice is dispersedly arranged, and further, the surface portion A and the surface portion B are provided with the above-described characteristics 1 and 2 It is good also as what shows.
[0013]
If comprised in this way, two types of surface parts, the surface part A with low heat capacity surface part A and the surface part B with low frost or ice binding property or adhesiveness, are distributed and arranged in the inner surface part of the exterior case. As a result, the inner surface portion of the exterior case becomes excellent in water repellency and sliding property, and easy frost ice peelability is imparted. Therefore, the condensed water scattered from the outdoor heat exchanger and adhering to the inner surface portion of the outer case during heating operation or defrosting operation is easily scattered in a spherical shape or easily falls downward. In addition, even if frost, ice, snow or the like is attached to the inner surface of the exterior case, the frost, ice, or snow is caused by melting of the frost, ice, or snow at the interface portion in contact with the surface portion A. Since it peels continuously, it is easy to peel compared with the conventional one. In addition, after peeling, the remaining amount of water drops, frost, ice, snow and the like is reduced, so that re-freezing is less likely than in the past.
Therefore, according to the present invention, the amount of frost, ice, snow, etc. adhering to the inner surface portion of the outer case can be reduced, and the attached frost, ice, snow, etc. can be peeled off in a short time. it can. Thereby, during heating operation, cooling of the outside air due to frost, ice, snow, etc. adhering to the inner surface portion of the outer case is reduced, and a decrease in heating performance is prevented.
[0014]
The outdoor unit of the separate heat pump type air conditioner of the present invention has an exterior case and an outdoor heat exchanger built in the exterior case, and the exterior case is made of a water-repellent binder resin, polytetrafluoroethylene. It is good also as what has an inner surface part by which the coating film formed with the composition for surface treatment which consists of particle | grains, a dispersing agent, a particle | grain of a low heat capacity, and a solvent is given.
[0015]
If comprised in this way, two types of surface parts of the surface part A of the low heat capacity surface part A and the surface part B with low frost or ice binding property or adhesiveness will be disperse | distributed and the inner surface part of an exterior case, and surface The part A and the surface part B are configured so as to satisfy the characteristics 1 and 2, and easy frost-ice peelability is imparted. Therefore, the performance during heating operation can be maintained high.
[0016]
Moreover, the outdoor unit of the separate heat pump type air conditioner of the present invention can discharge the air blown by the outdoor case, the outdoor heat exchanger and outdoor fan built in the external case, and the outdoor fan. A blow grill formed on a part of the outer case, the blow grill having a surface portion A having a low heat capacity and a surface portion B having low binding or adhesion to frost or ice dispersedly disposed on the surface. The surface portion of the structure may be provided, and the surface portion A and the surface portion B may exhibit the above-described property 1 and property 2.
[0017]
If comprised in this way, the surface part of a blowing grille is by disperse | distributing and arranging two types of surface parts, the surface part A with low heat capacity surface part A, and the surface part B with low binding or adhesion with frost or ice. The surface portion of the blow grill becomes excellent in water repellency and sliding property, and easy frost ice peelability is imparted. Therefore, the condensed water scattered from the outdoor heat exchanger during the heating operation or the defrosting operation and attached to the surface portion of the blowout grill is easily scattered in a spherical shape or easily falls downward. Further, even if frost, ice, snow, or the like adheres to the surface portion of the blowout grill, the frost, ice, and snow are connected by melting of the frost, ice, and snow at the interface portion in contact with the surface portion A. Therefore, it is easier to peel off than the conventional one. In addition, after peeling, the remaining amount of water drops, frost, ice, snow and the like is reduced, so that re-freezing is less likely than in the past.
Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the amount of frost, ice, snow and the like adhering to the surface portion of the blowing grill, and it is possible to peel off the attached frost, ice and snow in a short time. . As a result, the blowout grill is blocked by frost, ice, snow, etc., and an increase in ventilation resistance of the blowout grill can be prevented. As a result, the amount of air passing through the outdoor heat exchanger is ensured, and a decrease in heating performance can be prevented. In addition, an increase in noise due to an increase in ventilation resistance of the blowing grill can be prevented.
[0018]
Moreover, the outdoor unit of the separate heat pump type air conditioner of the present invention can discharge the air blown by the outdoor case, the outdoor heat exchanger and outdoor fan built in the external case, and the outdoor fan. A blow grill formed in a part of the outer case, and the blow grill is formed of a surface treatment composition comprising a water-repellent binder resin, polytetrafluoroethylene particles, a dispersant, low heat capacity particles and a solvent. It is good also as a thing which has the surface part to which the coated film was given.
[0019]
If comprised in this way, as for the surface part of a blowing grille, two types of surface parts, the surface part A with low heat capacity surface part A and the surface part B with low frost or ice binding property or adhesiveness, are distributed, and the surface part A and the surface part B are comprised so that the said characteristic 1 and the characteristic 2 may be satisfy | filled, and easy frost ice peelability is provided. Therefore, the performance at the time of heating operation can be kept high, and the noise can be kept small.
[0020]
Further, the outdoor unit of the separate heat pump type air conditioner of the present invention includes an exterior case, an outdoor heat exchanger and an outdoor fan built in the exterior case, and a part of the exterior case so as to be able to inhale outside air. And a suction grille having a surface portion having a surface structure in which a surface portion A having a low heat capacity and a surface portion B having low binding or adhesion to frost or ice are dispersedly arranged. Further, the surface portion A and the surface portion B may exhibit the above-described property 1 and property 2.
[0021]
If comprised in this way, the surface part of a suction grille is by disperse | distributing and arranging two types of surface parts, the surface part A with low heat capacity, and the surface part B with low binding or adhesion with frost or ice. The surface portion of the suction grille is excellent in water repellency and sliding property, and easy frost and ice peelability is imparted. Therefore, the water droplets adhering to the surface portion of the suction grille are easily scattered in a spherical shape or easily fall downward. Further, even if frost, ice, snow or the like adheres to the surface portion of the suction grille, the frost, ice, and snow are connected by melting of the frost, ice, and snow at the interface portion in contact with the surface portion A. Therefore, it is easier to peel off than the conventional one. In addition, after peeling, the remaining amount of water drops, frost, ice, snow and the like is reduced, so that re-freezing is less likely than in the past.
Therefore, according to the present invention, the amount of frost, ice, snow, etc. adhering to the surface portion of the suction grille can be reduced, and the attached frost, ice, snow, etc. can be peeled off in a short time. . As a result, the suction grille is blocked by frost, ice, snow, etc., and an increase in ventilation resistance of the suction grille can be prevented. As a result, the amount of air passing through the outdoor heat exchanger is ensured, and a decrease in heating performance can be prevented. In addition, an increase in noise due to an increase in ventilation resistance of the suction grill can be prevented.
[0022]
Moreover, the outdoor unit of the separate heat pump type air conditioner of the present invention can discharge the air blown by the outdoor case, the outdoor heat exchanger and outdoor fan built in the external case, and the outdoor fan. A suction grill formed on a part of the outer case, and the suction grill is formed of a surface treatment composition comprising a water-repellent binder resin, polytetrafluoroethylene particles, a dispersant, particles of low heat capacity, and a solvent. It is good also as a thing which has the surface part to which the coated film was given.
[0023]
If comprised in this way, as for the surface part of a suction grill, two types of surface parts of the surface part B of the low heat capacity surface part A and the surface part B with low frost or ice binding property or adhesiveness are dispersively arranged, and surface part A and the surface part B are comprised so that the said characteristic 1 and the characteristic 2 may be satisfy | filled, and easy frost ice peelability is provided. Therefore, the performance at the time of heating operation can be kept high, and the noise can be kept small.
[0024]
Moreover, the outdoor unit of the separate heat pump type air conditioner of the present invention can discharge the air blown by the outdoor case, the outdoor heat exchanger and outdoor fan built in the external case, and the outdoor fan. A blowing grill formed in a part of the outer case, and a suction grill formed in a part of the outer case so as to be able to suck outside air, and the blowing grill and the suction grill are connected to a surface portion A having a low heat capacity; It has a surface portion having a surface structure in which the surface portion B having low binding or adhesion to frost or ice is dispersed, and the surface portion A and the surface portion B are further described above. The characteristic 1 and characteristic 2 may be shown.
[0025]
If comprised in this way, the surface part of both a blowing grill and a suction grill will disperse | distribute and arrange two types of surface parts, the surface part A with low heat capacity surface part A, and the surface part B with low frost or ice bonding or adhesion. Therefore, the surface portions of the blowout grill and the suction grille are excellent in water repellency and sliding property, and easy frost and ice peelability is imparted. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the amount of frost, ice, snow and the like adhering to the surface portions of the blowout grill and the suction grille, and to peel off the attached frost, ice, snow and the like in a short time. be able to. As a result, the blowout grill and the suction grille are blocked by frost, ice, snow, etc., and an increase in ventilation resistance of the blowout grill can be prevented. As a result, the amount of air passing through the outdoor heat exchanger is ensured, and a decrease in heating performance can be prevented. In addition, an increase in noise due to an increase in ventilation resistance of the blowing grill can be prevented.
[0026]
Moreover, the outdoor unit of the separate heat pump type air conditioner of the present invention can discharge the air blown by the outdoor case, the outdoor heat exchanger and outdoor fan built in the external case, and the outdoor fan. A surface treatment comprising a blowout grill and a suction grill formed in a part of the outer case, and the blowout grill and the suction grill are made of a water-repellent binder resin, polytetrafluoroethylene particles, a dispersant, particles having a low heat capacity, and a solvent. It is good also as what has the surface part by which the coating film formed with the composition for application is given.
[0027]
If comprised in this way, as for the surface part of a blowing grill and a suction grill, two types of surface parts, the surface part B of the low heat capacity surface part A, and the surface part B with low binding or adhesion with frost or ice, are distributed, And the surface part A and the surface part B are comprised so that the said characteristic 1 and the characteristic 2 may be satisfy | filled, and easy frost ice peelability is provided. Therefore, the performance at the time of heating operation can be kept high, and the noise can be kept small.
[0028]
In the outdoor unit of each separate heat pump type air conditioner having the above-described configuration, the outdoor heat exchanger includes a heat exchange tube that circulates a refrigerant therein, and a fin that promotes heat exchange between the heat exchange tube and the outside air. The fin has a surface portion having a surface structure in which a surface portion A having a low heat capacity and a surface portion B having low binding or adhesion to frost or ice are dispersed, and these surface portions A The surface portion B may exhibit the above-described characteristic 1 and characteristic 2.
[0029]
If comprised in this way, the heat exchange surface part of an outdoor heat exchanger will disperse | distribute and arrange two types of surface parts, the surface part A with low heat capacity surface part A, and the surface part B with low frost or ice bonding or adhesion. Therefore, it is excellent in water repellency and sliding property, and is provided with easy frost and ice peelability. For this reason, the condensed water which condensed and adhered on the surface of the outdoor heat exchanger becomes spherical, becomes supercooled, and hardly freezes. Therefore, the growth time of frost adhering to the heat exchange surface portion decreases, and the refrigeration operation (heating operation in the case of a heat pump air conditioner) up to the amount of frost that requires defrosting is extended.
On the other hand, during the defrosting operation, the frost or ice on the surface portion A is peeled off by melting the frost or ice at the interface portion that contacts the surface portion A. Furthermore, the frost or ice on the peeled surface portion A and the frost or ice adhering to the surface portion B are at least partially combined and peeled together. Therefore, in this outdoor heat exchanger, it is no longer necessary to completely melt the frost or ice at the interface portion that contacts the heat exchange surface portion as in the prior art, and if only the frost or ice that contacts the surface portion A is melted. Well, the defrosting operation time is shortened.
Further, the outdoor heat exchanger according to the present invention imparts easy frost and ice detachability to the heat exchange surface portion, so that the core of frost and freezing during the freezing operation is reduced, and the freezing operation time is extended and the defrosting operation is performed. Time reduction can be repeatedly demonstrated. Therefore, less heat energy is required for defrosting and the defrosting operation time is shortened.
In addition, as described above, the fins of the outdoor heat exchanger have excellent water repellency and water slidability, and when frost-free ice releasability is imparted, water droplets are easily scattered from the outdoor heat exchanger, and the inner surface of the exterior case Water droplets are easily attached to the section and the suction grille. For this reason, in the conventional exterior case, there is a problem that frost or ice is likely to be attached to the inner surface portion of the exterior case or the blowout grill, and the heating performance is significantly deteriorated. As described above, the same improvement process as that for the fins is performed on the inner surface portion and the surface portion of the blowout grill, so that such a problem does not occur.
As a result, in the separate heat pump type air conditioner using the outdoor heat exchanger according to the present invention, it is possible to extend a normal refrigeration operation time such as a heating operation and to suppress a decrease in energy efficiency.
[0030]
The outdoor heat exchanger of the present invention includes a fin that forms a heat exchange surface with air, and a heat exchange pipe that is disposed in a heat conduction relationship with the fin and that circulates a heat medium therein. The fin has a heat exchange surface portion with air to which a coating film formed of a surface treatment composition comprising a water-repellent binder resin, polytetrafluoroethylene particles, a dispersant, low heat capacity inorganic particles and a solvent is applied. It may be a thing.
[0031]
If comprised in this way, the heat exchange surface part of an outdoor heat exchanger will disperse | distribute and arrange two types of surface parts, the surface part A with low heat capacity surface part A, and the surface part B with low frost or ice bonding or adhesion. The surface portion A and the surface portion B are formed so as to satisfy the above characteristics 1 and 2, and easy frost ice peelability is imparted. Therefore, in the separate heat pump type air conditioner using the outdoor heat exchanger according to the present invention, it is possible to extend a normal refrigeration operation time such as a heating operation, and it is possible to suppress a decrease in energy efficiency.
[0032]
The water repellent binder resin is a fluororesin, the polytetrafluoroethylene particles have a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 200,000, an average particle diameter of 0.1 μm or more, and the dispersant is a vinyl having a fluoroalkyl group. A polymer containing a repeating unit derived from a monomer, and low heat capacity inorganic particles have a molar heat capacity of 6Ca / JK.^-1mol^-1~ 7Ca / JK^-1mol^-1The solvent is an organic solvent, and the blending ratio of these compositions is such that the polytetrafluoroethylene particles are 100 to 200 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the water-repellent binder resin. The dispersant may be 5 to 30 parts by weight, the low heat capacity inorganic particles may be 25 to 200 parts by weight, and the solvent may be 400 to 2,000 parts by weight.
[0033]
If comprised in this way, the more preferable surface part A and the surface part B which satisfy | fill the said characteristic 1 and the characteristic 2 are disperse | distributed and arrange | positioned in the surface part to which the above-mentioned coating film is given, and more preferable freezing frost-ice peelability is heated. It becomes possible to give to an exchange surface part. Therefore, the heating operation performance is further improved.
[0034]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(Description of surface structure)
In the following description of embodiments of the present invention, first, surface portions of members such as an exterior case of an outdoor unit of a separate heat pump type air conditioner and fins of an outdoor heat exchanger are excellent in water repellency and water slidability. A super water-repellent surface structure that imparts easy frost and ice peelability will be described as an example.
In the present invention, two types of surface portions of the surface portion A and the surface portion B satisfying the following property 1 and property 2 are dispersedly arranged on the member surface portion.
[0035]
Here, the characteristics 1 and 2 refer to the characteristics defined above. This will be further described in connection with this. Characteristic 1 is a characteristic for facilitating the detachment of frost or ice as a whole by first solving the close bonding relationship between the surface portion A and ice. Conventionally, frost or ice adhering to the heat exchanging surface portion is simply removed by melting the frost or ice in the interface portion that is in contact with the heat exchanging surface portion, so that melting occurs at a large portion of the heat exchanging surface portion. If it does not occur, the frost or ice detachment phenomenon does not occur. However, according to the surface structure of the present invention, the frost or ice as a whole detaches only by melting the interface portion in contact with the surface portion A.
[0036]
In this case, in order to further facilitate the detachment of frost or ice, the surface portion B may have a property of low binding or adhesion to frost or ice, such as water repellency or a rough surface. preferable. In this case, if frost or ice melts at the interface portion with the surface portion A, the characteristic 2 can occur regardless of whether the interface portion with the surface portion B melts.
[0037]
Characteristic 2 is a characteristic indicating that the frost or ice adhering to the surface portion B is peeled off from the surface portion B without necessarily melting. The feature in this case is that the frost or ice crystals on the surface portion B are peeled off integrally with the frost or ice crystals previously detached from the surface portion A. In the case where a conventional anti-frost coating (for example, see Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4) is applied, frost or ice at the interface portion in contact with the surface portion B must also be melted before peeling.
[0038]
When the surface structure is applied to the member surface portion, the frost or ice can be easily removed simply by applying a small amount of heat energy to the member surface portion to which frost or ice is attached.
[0039]
Further, the member surface portion to be formed may have a surface portion other than the surface portion A and the surface portion B, but the above-described property 1 and property 2 of the surface portion A and the surface portion B are impaired. Must not.
[0040]
The removal of the frost adhered to the surface of the member may be applied to the member itself or may be heated from the outside of the frost or ice (for example, by heat ray irradiation or sunlight). Regardless of which heating method is used, the frost or ice peels off in the member having the surface structure according to the present invention.
[0041]
The area ratio, the planar shape, the arrangement, the three-dimensional shape of the surface portion, and the like of the surface portion A and the surface portion B are not limited as long as the above characteristics 1 and 2 are satisfied, but the following are preferable.
[0042]
The area ratio between the surface portion A and the surface portion B can be selected within a wide range of 1/99 to 99/1. However, in terms of energy efficiency, the ratio of the surface portion A within a range where the characteristic 2 can be exhibited. It is desirable to reduce this.
[0043]
The shape and arrangement of the surface portions A and B may be any shape and arrangement. As specific examples, the surface portion A and the surface portion B are arranged in stripes, the surface portion A and the surface portion B are arranged in a sea-island shape, and the surface portion A is dotted in the surface portion B Or it is dispersed in a polka dot shape (or vice versa), the surface portion A is arranged in a lattice pattern on the surface portion B (or vice versa), the surface portion A is in a ring shape on the surface portion B What is arranged (or vice versa) can be listed.
[0044]
The three-dimensional shape of the surface portions A and B is not particularly limited, and may be planar, protruding, or irregular. Alternatively, one surface may have a terrace shape (such as a truncated cone shape or a frustum shape) higher than the other surface.
[0045]
Next, a method for forming a surface structure according to the present invention will be described.
The formation method is not particularly limited, and a known method can be applied. For example, (1) painting method, (2) various molding methods, (3) various chemical surface processing methods, (4) various physical surface processing methods, and (5) composites such as laminates. The method of making the body is fried.
[0046]
The method by painting will be described in detail below.
The following surface treatment composition is applied to the surface of the member to form the surface structure according to the present invention.
As the composition for surface treatment to be used, for example,
(A) a water-repellent binder resin,
(B) polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles,
(C) a dispersant,
(D) Low heat capacity inorganic particles
as well as
(E) Solvent
A composition for surface treatment comprising:
[0047]
In the surface structure of the coating film formed with this surface treatment composition, the surface portion A is formed of inorganic particles (d) having a low heat capacity, and the surface portion B is formed of a water repellent binder resin (a) and PTFE particles (b). Is presumed to have formed.
[0048]
The water-repellent binder resin (a) is not particularly limited as long as it is water-repellent and can hold the PTFE particles (b) and the low heat capacity inorganic particles (d) in a uniformly dispersed state. Further, as the degree of water repellency, it is desirable that the water contact angle is large, and it is preferable that the water contact angle of the surface portion B is 140 degrees or more. However, the water contact angle on the surface of the single coating film of the water repellent binder resin (a) is not necessarily 140 degrees or more, but it is 100 degrees or more to impart the desired water repellency to the member surface portion. It is preferable from the point.
[0049]
Examples of such a water-repellent binder resin (a) include a fluororesin, a silicone resin, and a urethane resin, and a fluororesin is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent dispersibility of PTFE particles.
[0050]
The fluororesin can be selected from conventionally known fluororesins, but is advantageous for weather resistance, coating, solvent solubility, etc., so tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), hexafluoro A copolymer mainly composed of propylene (HFP) is preferable.
[0051]
As these fluororesins, for example, fluorine-containing copolymers described in Patent Document 5, Patent Document 6, Patent Document 7, Patent Document 8, Patent Document 9, Patent Document 10, and the like are preferably fried, and particularly described in Patent Document 10. of
(1) Fluoroolefin structural unit represented by the following formula I
-CF₂-CFX- (Formula I)
(Wherein X is a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a hydrogen atom or a trifluoromethyl group)
(2) β-methyl-substituted α-olefin structural unit represented by the following formula II
-CH₂-CR (CH_Three-(Formula II)
(Wherein R is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms)
(3) Structural units based on monomers having chemically curable reactive groups
(4) Structural units based on monomers having an ester group in the side chain
as well as
(5) Structural units based on other copolymerizable monomers
The structural unit (1) is 20 to 60 mol%, the structural unit (2) is 5 to 25 mol%, the structural unit (3) is 1 to 45 mol%, and the structural unit (4) is 1 to 45 mol%. And a fluorine-containing copolymer having a number average molecular weight of 1,000 to 500,000, comprising 0 to 45 mol% of the structural unit (5) (however, the total of the structural units (1) + (2) is 40 to 90 mol%) Coalescence is useful.
[0052]
Specific examples include CTFE / isobutylene (IB) / HBVE / vinyl propionate (VPi) copolymer, CTFE / IB / hydroxyethyl allyl ether (HEAE) / VAc copolymer, and TFE / IB / HBVE / VPi copolymer. Copolymer, CTFE / IB / HBVE / Beova 9 (manufactured by Shell Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name) copolymer, TFE / IB / HBVE / VBz copolymer, CTFE / IB / HBVE / diethyl maleate (DEM) copolymer, TFE / IB / HBVE / veova 9 / dibutyl maleate (DBM) copolymer, CTFE / IB / HBVE / diethyl fumarate (DEF) copolymer, CTFE / IB / HEVE / dibutyl fumarate (DBF) copolymer , HFP / IB / HBVE / VBz copolymer, TFE / 2-methyl-1-pentene (MP) / H VE / VPi copolymer, TFE / IB / HBVE / VPi / CH₂= CH (CF₂)_pCF_Three(P = 1-5) copolymer, TFE / IB / HBVE / VPi / VBz copolymer, CTFE / IB / HBVE / VAc copolymer, TFE / IB / HBVE / vinyl t-butylbenzoate (VtBz) Copolymer, TFE / IB / HBVE / VPi / DEM copolymer, CTFE / IB / HBVE / VBz / DEF copolymer, CTFE / IB / HBVE / VPi / CH₂= CH (CF₂)_pCF_Three(P = 1-5) copolymer, CTFE / MP / HEVE / VPi copolymer, TFE / IB / HBVE / VPi / vinyl acetic acid (VAA) copolymer, TFE / IB / HEVE / VAc / VAA copolymer Coalescence, TFE / IB / HBVE / VPi / VBz / crotonic acid (CA) copolymer, TFE / IB / HBVE / veova 9 / CA copolymer, TFE / IB / HBVE / veova 9 / VBz / CA copolymer TFE / IB / HBVE / Veoba 10 / VtBz / CA copolymer, TFE / IB / HBVE / VtBz / CA copolymer, TFE / IB / HBVE / DEMTFE / IB / HBVE / DFM / CA copolymer, CA copolymer, TFE / MP / HBVE / VPi / VAA copolymer, etc. are fried.
[0053]
Commercially available products of the above fluororesins include, for example, Zeffle (manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd., Lumiflon (manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.), Fluonate (manufactured by Dainippon Ink Co., Ltd.), Cefral Coat (manufactured by Central Glass Co., Ltd.) Etc. are fried.
[0054]
The PTFE particles (b) preferably have a weight average molecular weight of 500 or more and 500,000 or less. Normally, PTFE has a weight average molecular weight of 1,000,000 to 10,000,000, but PTFE in this range fibrillates when shearing force is applied, so the PTFE used in the present invention should use PTFE having a molecular weight in the above range. Is preferred. The preferred weight average molecular weight is 600 or more, particularly 5,000 or more, and 500,000 or less, preferably 200,000 or less, more preferably 12,000 or less.
[0055]
The average particle diameter is preferably in the range of 0.05 μm to 10 μm. The average particle diameter is preferably 0.1 μm or more, more preferably 0.2 μm or more, and preferably 7 μm or less, further 5 μm or less.
[0056]
Further, PTFE may be a tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) homopolymer or a modified PTFE modified with a known modifying agent.
[0057]
In addition, PTFE particles have unstable groups at the molecular ends due to polymerization initiators and the like, but PTFE particles in which such terminal groups are completely fluorinated and stabilized are preferred. Particularly preferable PTFE particles are those having a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 20,000 having a terminal group completely fluorinated and an average particle diameter of 2 to 10 μm.
[0058]
As a commercial item of PTFE particles (b), for example, Lubron manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd., cefral lube manufactured by Central Glass Co., Ltd. and the like are fried.
[0059]
The dispersant (c) has an action of uniformly dispersing the PTFE particles (b) in the water repellent binder (a). The dispersing agent used here is not only the function of dispersing the PTFE particles (b) in the solvent, for example, when using a solvent, but also the function of uniformly dispersing the PTFE particles (b) in the water-repellent binder resin in the coating film. It is necessary to have Therefore, a suitable dispersant is selected in consideration of the types of PTFE particles (b) and the water-repellent binder resin (a), and further the type of the solvent (e).
[0060]
When a fluororesin is selected as the water repellent binder (a) and an organic solvent is selected as the solvent (e) described later, a polymer containing a repeating unit derived from a vinyl monomer having a fluoroalkyl group (as a dispersant) C1) is preferred.
More preferably, a copolymer of a vinyl monomer having a fluoroalkyl group and a non-fluorinated vinyl monomer is fried.
[0061]
The vinyl monomer having a fluoroalkyl group may be a fluoroalkyl group-containing (meth) acrylate, and the fluoroalkyl group-containing (meth) acrylate may be represented by the following general formula.
Rf-A¹-OC (= O) CB¹= CH₂
(In the formula, Rf is a C1-C21 fluoroalkyl group, B¹Is hydrogen or methyl group, A¹Is a divalent organic group. )
Examples of the fluoroalkyl group-containing (meth) acrylate include the following.
[0062]
[Chemical 1]

[0063]
(Wherein Rf is a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 21 carbon atoms, R¹Is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R²Is an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R^ThreeIs hydrogen or a methyl group, Ar is an arylene group which may have a substituent, and n is an integer of 1 to 10. )
Specific examples of the non-limiting fluoroalkyl group-containing (meth) acrylate are shown below.
CF_Three(CH₂) OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_ThreeCF₂(CH₂) OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_Three(CH₂) OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_Four(CH₂) OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_Five(CH₂) OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)₆(CH₂) OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)₇(CH₂) OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CH₂)₂OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_ThreeCF₂(CH₂)₂OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_Three(CH₂)₂OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_Four(CH₂)₂OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_Five(CH₂)₂OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)₆(CH₂)₂OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)₇(CH₂)₂OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CH₂)_ThreeOCOCH = CH₂,
CF_ThreeCF₂(CH₂)_ThreeOCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_Three(CH₂)_ThreeOCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_Four(CH₂)_ThreeOCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_Five(CH₂)_ThreeOCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)₆(CH₂)_ThreeOCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)₇(CH₂)_ThreeOCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CH₂)₆OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_ThreeCF₂(CH₂)₆OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_Three(CH₂)₆OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_Four(CH₂)₆OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_Five(CH₂)₆OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)₆(CH₂)₆OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)₇(CH₂)₆OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_ThreeCH = CHCH₂OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_ThreeCF₂CH = CHCH₂OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_ThreeCH = CHCH₂OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_FourCH = CHCH₂OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_FiveCH = CHCH₂OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)₆CH = CHCH₂OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)₇CH = CHCH₂OCOCH = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CH₂)₂OCOCH = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CF₂) (CH₂)₂OCOCH = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CF₂)₂(CH₂)₂OCOCH = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CF₂)_Three(CH₂)₂OCOCH = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CF₂)_Four(CH₂)₂OCOCH = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CF₂)_Five(CH₂)₂OCOCH = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CF₂)₆(CH₂)₂OCOCH = CH₂,
H (CF₂) (CH₂) OCOCH = CH₂,
H (CF₂)₂(CH₂) OCOCH = CH₂,
H (CF₂)_Four(CH₂) OCOCH = CH₂,
H (CF₂)₆(CH₂) OCOCH = CH₂,
H (CF₂)₈(CH₂) OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_ThreeCHFCF₂(CH₂) OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CH₂) OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_ThreeCF₂(CH₂) OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_Three(CH₂) OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_Four(CH₂) OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_Five(CH₂) OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)₆(CH₂) OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)₇(CH₂) OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CH₂) OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CH₂)₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_ThreeCF₂(CH₂)₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_Three(CH₂)₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_Four(CH₂)₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_Five(CH₂)₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)₆(CH₂)₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)₇(CH₂)₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CH₂)_ThreeOCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_ThreeCF₂(CH₂)_ThreeOCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_Three(CH₂)_ThreeOCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_Four(CH₂)_ThreeOCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_Five(CH₂)_ThreeOCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)₆(CH₂)_ThreeOCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)₇(CH₂)_ThreeOCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CH₂)₆OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_ThreeCF₂(CH₂)₆OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_Three(CH₂)₆OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_Four(CH₂)₆OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_Five(CH₂)₆OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)₆(CH₂)₆OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)₇(CH₂)₆OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_ThreeCH = CHCH₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_ThreeCF₂CH = CHCH₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_ThreeCH = CHCH₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_FourCH = CHCH₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_FiveCH = CHCH₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)₆CH = CHCH₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)₇CH = CHCH₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CH₂)₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CF₂) (CH₂)₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CF₂)₂(CH₂)₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CF₂)_Three(CH₂)₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CF₂)_Four(CH₂)₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CF₂)_Five(CH₂)₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CF₂)₆(CH₂)₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
H (CF₂) (CH₂) OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
H (CF₂)₂(CH₂) OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
H (CF₂)_Four(CH₂) OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
H (CF₂)₆(CH₂) OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
H (CF₂)₈(CH₂) OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_ThreeCHFCF₂(CH₂) OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_ThreeSO₂N (CH_Three) (CH₂)₂OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂) SO₂N (CH_Three) (CH₂)₂OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)₂SO₂N (CH_Three) (CH₂)₂OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_ThreeSO₂N (CH_Three) (CH₂)₂OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_FourSO₂N (CH_Three) (CH₂)₂OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)_FiveSO₂N (CH_Three) (CH₂)₂OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)₆SO₂N (CH_Three) (CH₂)₂OCOCH = CH₂,
CF_Three(CF₂)₇SO₂N (C₂H_Five) (CH₂)₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
CF_ThreeC₆F_Ten(CF₂)₂SO₂N (CH_Three) (CH₂)₂OCOCH = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CFCH₂CH (OCOCH_Three) CH₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CF₂) CH₂CH (OCOCH_Three) CH₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CF₂)₂CH₂CH (OCOCH_Three) CH₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CF₂)_ThreeCH₂CH (OCOCH_Three) CH₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CF₂)_FourCH₂CH (OCOCH_Three) CH₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CF₂)_FiveCH₂CH (OCOCH_Three) CH₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CF₂)₆CH₂CH (OCOCH_Three) CH₂OCOC (CH_Three) = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CFCH₂CH (OH) CH₂OCOCH = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CF₂) CH₂CH (OH) CH₂OCOCH = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CF₂)₂CH₂CH (OH) CH₂OCOCH = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CF₂)_ThreeCH₂CH (OH) CH₂OCOCH = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CF₂)_FourCH₂CH (OH) CH₂OCOCH = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CF₂)_FiveCH₂CH (OH) CH₂OCOCH = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CF₂)₆CH₂CH (OH) CH₂OCOCH = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CF₂)₇CH₂CH (OH) CH₂OCOCH = CH₂,
(CF_Three)₂CF (CF₂)₈CH₂CH (OH) CH₂OCOCH = CH₂,
[0064]
[Chemical formula 2]

[0065]
Of course, a mixture of two or more of the above-mentioned fluoroalkyl group-containing (meth) acrylates can be used.
[0066]
As a non-fluorine-type monomer, (meth) acrylate ester is mentioned, for example. The (meth) acrylate ester may be an ester of (meth) acrylic acid and an aliphatic alcohol, for example, a monohydric alcohol or a polyhydric alcohol (for example, a dihydric alcohol).
[0067]
Examples of non-fluorinated monomers include the following.
[0068]
2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate, stearyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth) acrylate, polyoxyalkylene (meth) acrylate, alkoxy Polyoxyalkylene (meth) acrylate, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, glycidyl (meth) acrylate, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, N, N-diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, Benzyl (meth) acrylate glycidyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl monomethacrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, glycero Monomethacrylate, β-acryloyloxyethyl hydrogen succinate, β-methacryloyloxyethyl hydrogen phthalate, 2-acryloyloxyethyl hexahydrophthalic acid, 2-acryloyloxyethylphthalic acid, 2-acryloyloxyethyl-2 -Hydroxyethylphthalic acid, hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 2-acryloyloxyethyl acid phosphate, glucosylethyl methacrylate, methacrylamide, 2-hydroxy-3-acryloyloxypropyl methacrylate , 2-methacryloyloxyethyl acid phosphate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate hydroxypivalate (Meth) acrylates such as styrene; styrenes such as styrene and p-isopropylstyrene; (meth) acrylamide, diacetone (meth) acrylamide, N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, N-butoxymethylacrylamide, 2-acrylamide-2 -(Meth) acrylamides such as methylpropanesulfonic acid; Vinyl ethers such as vinyl alkyl ether.
[0069]
Furthermore, vinyl halides such as ethylene, butadiene, vinyl acetate, chloroprene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene halides, acrylonitrile, vinyl alkyl ketone, maleic anhydride, N-vinyl carbazole, vinyl pyrrolidone, (meth) acrylic acid and the like can be mentioned. .
[0070]
Further, the non-fluorine-based monomer may be a silicon-based monomer (for example, (meth) acryloyl group-containing alkylsilane, (meth) acryloyl group-containing alkoxysilane, (meth) acryloyl group-containing polysiloxane).
[0071]
The fluorine-containing polymer (c (1)) can be produced by a radical polymerization method.
[0072]
The weight average molecular weight of the polymer (c (1)) is relatively small and is not less than 3,000, more preferably not less than 5,000, particularly not less than 7,000, and not more than 30,000, more preferably 20, 000 or less, and particularly preferably 15,000 or less.
[0073]
As the inorganic particles (d) having a low heat capacity, many metal simple particles or non-metal simple particles, and particles of some metal compounds are applicable. Specific examples include metals such as gold, silver, aluminum, iron and copper; nonmetals such as carbon and boron; and other metal compounds.
Moreover, it is desirable that the low heat capacity inorganic particles (d) are conductive from another viewpoint. Many of the water-repellent binders are electrified, and dust that becomes the core of freezing tends to adhere to the surface of the coating film, so that it is possible to further prevent icing (snow) by preventing the coating surface from being charged.
In order not to impair the weather resistance, it is desirable that the inorganic particles having a low heat capacity are rich in weather resistance, corrosion resistance and solvent resistance.
The heat capacity of the low heat capacity inorganic particles (d) is 7Ca / JK in terms of molar heat capacity.^-1mol^-1The following is preferred. The lower limit is usually 6Ca / JK^-1mol^-1It is.
The primary average particle diameter of the low heat capacity inorganic particles (d) is preferably 2 μm or more and 12 μm or less from the viewpoint of dispersibility.
[0074]
As such low heat capacity inorganic particles (d), carbon black, which is a simple substance of carbon, particularly crystalline carbon black is particularly preferable.
[0075]
In addition, when mix | blending a low heat capacity inorganic particle (d), the reason is unknown, However, Sliding property improves further irrespective of the presence or absence of water repellency. Moreover, the effect | action which makes easy defrosting at the time of having formed frost can also be anticipated.
[0076]
The solvent (e) is useful from the viewpoint of facilitating uniform mixing of each component of the surface treatment composition, facilitating the formation of a coating film, and further uniformly dispersing various components in the water-repellent binder resin (a). . Accordingly, the solvent (e) is selected in consideration of the other components (a), (b), (c) and (d).
[0077]
The solvent (e) may be an inorganic solvent system such as water, but an organic solvent system is preferable from the above viewpoint. The organic solvent system may be a single solvent or a mixed solvent system of two or more. When using 2 or more types, it is desirable from the point which can disperse | distribute other each component further uniformly that a polar organic solvent and a nonpolar organic solvent are included.
[0078]
Examples of the polar organic solvent include butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, and ethylene glycol monoalkyl ether.
[0079]
Examples of the nonpolar organic solvent include toluene, xylene, n-hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, and terpenes that are petroleum spirits.
[0080]
In particular, by using a mixture of butyl acetate and a petroleum solvent (toluene, xylene, n-hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, terpene, etc.), the lubricity of the resulting coating film can be adjusted. The mixing ratio varies depending on the type of solvent to be combined and is arbitrary, but the same weight or more butyl acetate is preferred from the viewpoint of good lubricity.
[0081]
A preferred blending ratio in the surface treatment composition of the present invention is 100 parts by weight or more and 200 parts by weight of PTFE particles (b) with respect to 100 parts by weight of the water-repellent binder resin (a) (hereinafter the same unless otherwise specified). The dispersant (c) is 5 parts by weight or more and 30 parts by weight or less. The inorganic particles (d) having a low heat capacity are preferably 25 to 200 parts by weight and the solvent (e) is preferably 400 to 2000 parts by weight.
[0082]
Such a surface treatment composition can be prepared in various forms as long as it can form a coating film. However, it is preferable to prepare a solvent-type coating from the viewpoint of easy formation of the coating film, and it is easy to apply and disperse. Therefore, the solid content concentration is preferably 5 to 40% by weight, particularly preferably 15 to 30% by weight. Moreover, you may mix | blend various additives, such as a pigment, other resin, a flow regulator, a color separation inhibitor, antioxidant, a ultraviolet absorber, unless the objective of this invention is impaired.
[0083]
Preparation of the composition for surface treatment as a solvent-type paint is performed by adding each component to the solvent (e) and stirring sufficiently. The stirring method is not particularly limited, but an ultrasonic stirring method, a forced stirring method, or the like is preferable from the viewpoint that particle components such as PTFE particles (b) and low heat capacity inorganic particles (d) can be easily and uniformly dispersed.
[0084]
The coating method is not particularly limited, and for example, methods such as a dip coating method, a bar coating method, a roll coating method, and a spray method can be employed. After coating, the film is dried at room temperature or, if necessary, dried by heating to form a cured film.
[0085]
The thickness of the coating film may be appropriately selected depending on the application part, but is usually 10 μm or more, more preferably 30 μm or more, 0.2 mm or less, and further preferably 0.1 mm or less.
[0086]
The base material to apply | coat is not specifically limited, It determines with the heat exchanger from which frost formation becomes a problem. For example, aluminum, stainless steel, copper, various alloys, ceramics and the like are fried.
[0087]
The coating film thus obtained (surface structure forming the heat exchange surface part) gives the surface part A and the surface part B to the heat exchange surface part and has frost and ice peelability.
Furthermore, the coating film can have a sliding angle (4 μl water droplet) of the heat exchange surface portion of 10 degrees or less, more preferably 5 degrees or less, and the water contact angle on the coating film surface is 140 degrees or more. Is 145 degrees or more, particularly 150 degrees or more, and even minute water droplets formed on the water-repellent surface easily slide down, do not form frost nuclei, and improve the effect of preventing frost formation.
[0088]
(Surface structure test example)
Next, a test example in which a surface structure is formed by the coating film will be described. In addition, the coating-film formation method which concerns on this invention is not limited to the formation method used for the following test example.
[0089]
Comparative Test Example 1
Zaffle GK-510 manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd. as the water-repellent binder resin (a), and Cefral Lube manufactured by Central Glass Co., Ltd. as the PTFE particles (b) (modified PTFE having an average primary particle size of 5-10 μm. Weight Average molecular weight 1500-20000), Unidyne TG-656 manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd. was used as the dispersant (c), and the amounts listed in Table 1 were added to the organic solvent (e) shown in Table 1 and ultrasonically stirred. The composition for surface treatment was prepared by stirring and mixing by the method.
[0090]
The obtained surface treatment composition was applied on an aluminum plate (JIS 1200 A1200 series, 100 mm × 100 mm) by spraying, allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 day, and then dried without washing the coating surface. Thus, a test coating plate (film thickness of 20 μm) was prepared.
[0091]
With respect to this coated plate, the contact angle with water and the sliding angle (4 μl) were examined by the following method. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0092]
The contact angle with water was measured as follows.
According to JISR3257, it measured with the contact angle meter (CA-VP, brand name) by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd. at the temperature of 15-20 degreeC and the relative humidity of 50-70%. The greater the water contact angle, the higher the water repellency.
[0093]
The sliding angle was measured as follows.
A sample placed horizontally in a contact angle meter (CA-VP, trade name) manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd. and placed in an environment with a temperature of 17 ± 1 ° C and a relative humidity of 60 ± 2%. 4 μl of distilled water was dropped on the plate to form water droplets, and then the sample plate was tilted at an angle of 0.1 degree, and the angle of the sample plate when the water droplets started to roll was measured. The measured value shown in the table is the first sliding angle. The smaller the sliding angle, the better the water droplet sliding property (sliding property).
[0094]
[Table 1]

[0095]
Test example 1
In the above Comparative Test Example 1, the mixing ratio of the components (a), (b), (c) and (e) is set to the ratio shown in Table 2, and further the particles shown in Table 2 as the low heat capacity inorganic particles (d) A surface treatment composition was prepared and coated in the same manner as in Test Example 1 except that the amount shown in Table 1 was added to prepare a test plate. The stirring method was an ultrasonic stirring method.
[0096]
For this coated plate, the water contact angle and the sliding angle were examined in the same manner as in Comparative Test Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2. From this result, it is understood that the sliding property can be improved by adding the inorganic particles (d) having a low heat capacity.
[0097]
The low heat capacity inorganic particles (d) in Table 2 are as follows.
CB: carbon black (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich, primary average particle diameter of 2 to 12 μm)
GF: natural graphite (primary average particle diameter of about 3 μm)
[0098]
[Table 2]

[0099]
Test example 2
In Experiment No. 2-2 (carbon black particles) and Experiment No. 2-8 (natural graphite particles) of Test Example 1, the obtained coating film was heat-cured at 120 ° C. for 10 hours to prepare a test coated plate.
[0100]
For this heat-cured coated plate, the contact angle with water and the sliding angle were examined in the same manner as in Comparative Test Example 1. The results are shown in Table 3. It can be seen that this test example 2 can also improve the sliding property as compared with the comparative test example 1.
[0101]
[Table 3]

[0102]
Test example 3
4.0 g of Zaffle GK-510 manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd. as the water-repellent binder resin (a), and Cefral Lube manufactured by Central Glass Co., Ltd. (trade name. Average primary particle diameter of 5-10 μm) as PTFE particles (b). Modified PTFE, 4.0 g of weight average molecular weight 1500 to 20000), 4.0 g of Unidyne TG-656 manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd. as a dispersant (c), and carbon black (Sigma) as inorganic particles (d) having a low heat capacity -A product for surface treatment was prepared by using 2.0 g of Aldrich (average particle size 2 to 12 μm) and adding it to a mixed solvent of 20 g of butyl acetate and 20 g of heptane and stirring and mixing by ultrasonic stirring.
[0103]
The obtained surface treatment composition was applied on an aluminum plate (JIS H4000 A1200 series, 100 mm × 100 mm) by spraying, allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 day, and then dried without washing the coating surface. Thus, a test plate (film thickness 20-30 μm) was prepared.
[0104]
With respect to this coated plate, the water contact angle and sliding angle (4 μl) were measured by the same method as in Comparative Test Example 1 described above. The water contact angle was 152.1 degrees and the sliding angle was 4.6 degrees. Met.
[0105]
Next, the frost formation (frost) -defrost (defrost) test was conducted in the following manner.
First, the sample plate is fixed vertically in the wind tunnel, and the surface temperature of the sample plate is maintained at −7 ± 2 ° C. Air containing a humidity of 87 ± 3% relative humidity (temperature 7 ± 0.2 ° C.) flows in this wind tunnel parallel to the surface of the sample plate at a wind speed of 1 m / second to forcibly frost the sample plate surface. . This frost operation lasts 20 minutes.
Immediately after the frost operation, the sample plate surface temperature is heated to 5 ° C. and the defrost operation is started. Use the same air flow under the same conditions as in frost operation. The defrost operation lasts 2 minutes.
Such a frost operation-defrost operation is defined as one cycle, and this is continuously performed for two cycles.
The above is the point of the frost (frost) -defrost (defrost) test.
[0106]
The following results were obtained by the frost (frost) -defrost (defrost) test.
(1) Frosting began 10 minutes after the start of the first cycle frost operation. The photograph of the surface of the sample plate at the start of frosting taken with a CCD camera (CN401 manufactured by ELMO, trade name) is shown in FIG. 1 (entire) and FIG. 2 (enlarged, magnification is 1.2 times, the same applies hereinafter). Show.
Moreover, the photograph which image | photographed the frosting state of the sample plate surface at the time of completion | finish of frost operation 20 minutes after the frost operation start with a CCD camera is shown in FIG. 3 (whole) and FIG. 4 (enlarged). As can be seen from this photograph, the frost or ice formed on the surface of the sample plate was cotton-like (aggregate of acicular crystals).
[0107]
(2) In the first cycle defrost operation, frost or ice that has formed frost immediately after the start of the defrost operation began to peel off. A photograph of the state of the surface of the sample plate at the start of the frost or ice peeling with a CCD camera is shown in FIG. 5 (entire) and FIG. As can be seen from these photographs, in Test Example 3, the ice is falling in a lump. In the conventional heat exchanger, the ice was almost thawed, and the ice lump did not fall off before the ice was almost thawed.
Further, at the end of the defrost operation 2 minutes after the start of the first cycle defrost operation, frost or ice was completely peeled off from the surface of the sample plate. FIGS. 7 (overall) and FIG. 8 (enlarged) show photographs taken with a CCD camera of the state of the sample plate surface at the end of the defrost operation. As can be seen from these photographs, no water droplets observable with the naked eye were observed on the surface of the sample plate at the end of the defrost operation.
[0108]
(3) In the subsequent second cycle, frosting started 6 minutes after the start of frost operation.
9 (entire) and FIG. 10 (enlarged) show photographs taken with the CCD camera of the state of the sample plate surface at the end of the frost operation 20 minutes after the start of the frost operation in the second cycle. As can be seen from these photographs, there is no change compared to the state of the first frost operation.
(4) In the second cycle defrost operation performed next, frost or ice began to peel immediately after the start of the defrost operation. A photograph taken with a CCD camera of the state of the sample plate surface at the start of the frost or ice peeling is shown in FIG. 11 (entire).
Further, after 30 seconds from the start of the second cycle defrost operation, the frost or ice adhering to the surface of the sample plate was peeled off almost completely. A photograph taken with a CCD camera of the state of the sample plate surface when the frost or ice is almost completely peeled off is shown in FIG. As can be seen from these photographs, even during the second cycle defrost operation, the frost or ice is falling in a lump.
Moreover, the photograph which image | photographed the state of the sample plate surface at the time of completion | finish of a defrost operation 2 minutes after the defrost operation start of a 2nd cycle with a CCD camera is shown in FIG. 13 (whole) and FIG. As can be seen from these photographs, no water droplets that could be observed with the naked eye were observed on the surface of the sample plate even after the end of the second cycle defrost operation.
[0109]
Comparative test example 2
In Test Example 3, a sample plate was prepared using a surface treatment composition prepared in the same manner except that the low heat capacity inorganic particles (d) were not blended, and frosting (frosting) -defrosting was performed in the same manner. A (defrost) test was conducted. The results were as follows.
[0110]
(1) Frosting started about 5 minutes after the start of the first cycle frost operation, and almost the entire surface was frozen about 10 minutes after the start of the first cycle frost operation. FIGS. 15 (overall) and FIG. 16 (enlarged) show photographs taken with a CCD camera of the state of the surface of the sample plate in the entire frost state about 10 minutes after the start of the frost operation.
Moreover, the photograph which image | photographed the frost formation state on the sample plate surface at the time of completion | finish of frost operation 20 minutes after the frost operation start of the 1st cycle with a CCD camera is shown in FIG. 17 (whole) and FIG.
Compared to Test Example 3 described above, it can be seen that the amount of frost formation is large at the end of the frost operation. This shows that in Test Example 3, water droplets condensed on the surface of the sample plate are swept down by the wind pressure or easily dropped downward, so that there are few water droplets frozen on the surface of the sample plate due to frost operation. Can be interpreted.
[0111]
(2) In the first cycle defrost operation, frost or ice that has formed frost immediately after the start of the defrost operation began to melt. FIGS. 19 (entire) and 20 (enlarged) show photographs of the surface of the sample plate at the start of melting of the frost or ice with a CCD camera. As can be seen from these photographs, when the ice is peeled off, water droplets with polka dots are attached and the frost or ice is completely melted, and the ice mass is displaced as in Test Example 3 above. It is different from the falling situation.
In addition, frost or ice was completely melted at the end of the defrost operation 2 minutes after the start of the first cycle defrost operation. The photograph which image | photographed the state of the sample plate surface at the time of this defrost operation completion is shown in FIG. 21 (whole) and FIG. 22 (enlarged). As can be seen from these photographs, unlike the above-described Test Example 3, many small and large water droplets that can be observed with the naked eye were observed on the surface of the sample plate after completion of the defrost operation.
[0112]
(3) In the subsequent second cycle, frosting began 6 minutes after the start of operation.
The photograph which image | photographed the state of the sample plate surface at the time of completion | finish of frost operation 20 minutes after the start of frost operation of the 2nd cycle with a CCD camera is shown in FIG. 23 (whole) and FIG. From these photographs, it can be seen that large water droplets are frozen. In this respect, it can be seen that there is a large change compared to the state during the first frost operation. This is probably because large water droplets adhering to the surface of the sample plate after completion of the first defrost operation were frozen.
(4) In the second cycle defrost operation performed next, frost or ice began to melt immediately after the start of the defrost operation. FIG. 25 (entire) shows a photograph of the state of the surface of the sample plate at the start of melting of frost or ice immediately after the start of the defrost operation with a CCD camera. Further, frost or ice was almost completely melted 1 minute after the start of the defrost operation. A photograph of the state of the sample plate surface at this time is shown in FIG. 26 (entire). As can be seen from these photographs, the attached frost or ice melts without falling off as a lump.
Moreover, the photograph which image | photographed the state of the sample plate surface at the time of completion | finish of a defrost operation 2 minutes after the start of a defrost operation in a 2nd cycle with a CCD camera is shown in FIG. 27 (whole) and FIG. As can be seen from these photographs, more and more water droplets remained on the surface than at the end of the first defrost operation.
[0113]
As described above, when the surface structure according to the present invention is applied to the heat exchanging surface portion, the heat exchanging surface portion is excellent in water repellency, water slidability, and easy frost ice releasability.
[0114]
(Application example of surface structure)
Next, an application example in which the above surface structure is applied to a surface portion of an exterior case of an outdoor unit of a separate type air conditioner, a heat exchange surface portion of a fin of an outdoor heat exchanger, and the like will be described.
[0115]
Application example 1
As application example 1, an example in which the above-described surface structure is applied to an outdoor unit of a trunk type separate air conditioner will be described. FIG. 29 is a side cross-sectional view of a trunk type outdoor unit of a separate type air conditioner according to Application Example 1.
The trunk-type outdoor unit 1 is the same as the conventional general trunk-type outdoor unit in terms of device arrangement and shape of each part. That is, the outdoor unit 1 is provided with a blow-out grill 3 on the front side of a trunk-type exterior case 2, and a propeller-type outdoor fan 4 is disposed therein. Reference numeral 5 denotes a bell mouth 5 for the outdoor fan 4 of the same propeller type. Further, a suction grill 6 is formed on the back surface of the exterior case 2, and an outdoor heat exchanger 7 is disposed in the vicinity of the suction grill 6. Further, the blow-out grill 3 and the suction grill 6 are formed by punching a metal plate or formed as a resin molded product. The basic shapes of the blow-out grill 3 and the suction grill 6 are formed in a lattice pattern (see FIG. 30) in the same manner as conventional ones.
In addition, although the compressor, the control panel, etc. are mounted in the outdoor unit 1 of FIG. 29, these apparatuses are abbreviate | omitted in FIG.
[0116]
And in the outdoor unit 1 which concerns on this application example 1, the outer surface part of the exterior case 2, the inner surface part of the exterior case 2, the blowing grill 3 which comprises a part of exterior case 2, and the exterior case 2 are comprised. The suction grill 6 and the heat exchange surface portion of the fins of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 are coated with a paint made of the above-described surface treatment composition. That is, the surface portion of these members is a surface portion A having a low heat capacity and a surface portion B having low binding or adhesion to frost or ice. A surface structure that satisfies the above-described characteristic 1 and characteristic 2 is formed.
[0117]
In the outdoor unit 1 of a separate type air conditioner, as described in the section “Problems to be Solved by the Invention”, generally, the outer surface portion of the outer case 2, the inner surface portion of the outer case 2, and the blowout grill 3. Snow, frost, and ice may adhere to the suction grill 6 entirely or partially. Further, frost or ice may freeze between the suction grill 6 and the outdoor heat exchanger 7, and the two may be connected. Further, in the blow-out grill 3 and the suction grill 6, the opening may be blocked by adhering snow, frost, and ice, and a sufficient air volume may not be obtained.
[0118]
However, in this application example 1, it becomes difficult to adhere as follows, and the attached snow, frost, and ice can be easily peeled off, and furthermore, it is difficult to refreeze after being peeled off. .
That is, in the outer surface portion and the inner surface portion of the outer case 2 of Application Example 1, the condensed water that condenses becomes a spherical shape and is easily scattered or easily dropped downward. Therefore, it becomes difficult for condensed water to grow into frost or ice. Moreover, since the frost, ice, and snow adhering to the outer surface part and inner surface part of the exterior case 2 are continuously peeled by melting of the frost or ice at the interface part in contact with the surface part A, It becomes easy to peel compared with the thing. Further, after peeling, the remaining amount of water droplets, frost, ice, snow and the like is reduced, so that re-freezing is less likely than in the past.
[0119]
Similarly, in the blow-out grill 3 and the suction grill 6 constituting a part of the outer case 2, the condensed water adhering to the surface portion becomes spherical and easily scatters or easily falls downward. In addition, frost, ice and snow adhering to the surface portion are peeled together by melting the frost, ice and snow at the interface portion in contact with the surface portion A, so that they are more easily peeled than conventional ones. . In addition, after peeling, the remaining amount of water drops, frost, ice, snow and the like is reduced, so that re-freezing is less likely than in the past.
[0120]
Therefore, according to the outdoor unit 1 according to this embodiment, the amount of frost, ice, snow, etc. adhering to the outer surface portion and inner surface portion of the outer case 2 can be reduced, and the adhering frost, ice, etc. Snow, etc. can be removed in a short time. As a result, during heating operation, cooling of the outside air due to frost, ice, snow, etc. adhering to the outer case 2 is reduced, and a decrease in heating performance is prevented.
[0121]
Further, it is possible to reduce the amount of frost, ice, snow and the like adhering to the surface portion of the blowout grill 3 and the suction grille 6 constituting a part of the exterior case 2, and to remove the attached frost, ice, snow and the like. It can be peeled off in a short time. As a result, it is possible to prevent the blowout grill 3 and the suction grill 6 from being blocked by frost, ice, snow or the like and increasing the ventilation resistance. As a result, the amount of air passing through the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is ensured, and the heating performance can be prevented from deteriorating. Further, it is possible to prevent an increase in noise due to an increase in ventilation resistance of the blowing grill 3 and the suction grill 6.
[0122]
Further, according to the outdoor unit 1 of the separate heat pump type air conditioner of this embodiment, the heat exchange surface portion of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is bonded or adhered to the surface portion A having a low heat capacity and frost or ice. The two types of surface portions B, which are low in surface property, are dispersed and arranged, and are excellent in water repellency and sliding properties and imparted with easy frost and ice peelability. For this reason, the condensed water which condensed and adhered on the surface of the outdoor side heat exchanger 7 becomes spherical shape, becomes a supercooled state, and becomes hard to freeze. Therefore, the growth speed of the frost attached to the heat exchange surface portion is reduced, and the heating operation time until the frost formation amount that requires defrosting is extended.
[0123]
Further, during the defrosting operation, in the heat exchange surface portion of the outdoor heat exchanger 7, the frost or ice on the surface portion A is peeled off by melting the frost or ice at the interface portion in contact with the surface portion A. Furthermore, the frost or ice on the peeled surface portion A and the frost or ice adhering to the surface portion B are at least partially combined and peeled together. Therefore, in this outdoor heat exchanger 7, it is not necessary to completely melt the frost or ice at the interface portion that contacts the heat exchange surface portion as in the prior art, and only the frost or ice that contacts the surface portion A is melted. The defrosting operation time is shortened.
In addition, the outdoor heat exchanger 7 according to the present invention imparts easy frost and ice detachability to the heat exchanging surface portion, so that frost and freezing nuclei are reduced during the freezing operation, and the freezing operation time is extended and defrosting is performed. Shortening of operation time can be demonstrated repeatedly. Therefore, less heat energy is required for defrosting and the defrosting operation time is shortened.
[0124]
Further, as described above, when the fins of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 are excellent in water repellency and water slidability, and easy frost ice peelability is imparted, water droplets are easily scattered from the outdoor heat exchanger 7, and the exterior case 2. Water droplets are likely to adhere to the inner surface portion and the suction grill 6. For this reason, in the conventional exterior case 2, frost or ice tends to adhere to the inner surface portion of the exterior case 2 and the surface portion of the blow-out grill 3, and the problem that the heating performance is significantly deteriorated is likely to occur. In this application example 1, since the above-described surface writing structure processing is performed on the inner surface portion of the outer case 2 and the surface portion of the blowing grill 3, such a problem does not occur.
[0125]
As a result, in the separate heat pump type air conditioner according to Application Example 1, it is possible to extend a normal refrigeration operation time such as a heating operation, and it is possible to suppress a decrease in energy efficiency.
[0126]
Application example 2
The application example 2 shows an example applied to an outdoor unit of an upper blowing type separate heat pump type air conditioner. FIG. 31 is a side cross-sectional view of the upper air outlet type outdoor unit according to the second application example.
The upper blowout outdoor unit 11 is the same as the conventional general trunk type outdoor unit in terms of device arrangement and shape of each part. The outdoor unit 11 includes an upper blowout type outer case 12 having a height dimension that is longer than a horizontal dimension. A blowing grill 13 is provided on the upper surface portion, and a propeller-type outdoor fan 14 is disposed in the interior thereof with the rotation axis being vertical. A blow grill 13 is provided at the opening of the bell mouth 15 of the propeller fan 14. The blowing grill 13 is formed in a spiral shape in plan view. Further, a suction grill 16 is formed on the side surface of the exterior case 12, and an outdoor heat exchanger 17 is disposed in close proximity to and opposite to the suction grill 16. The suction grill 16 is formed by punching a metal plate or formed as a resin molded product. Further, the basic shape of the suction grill 16 is formed in a lattice pattern (see FIG. 30) in the same manner as in the first application example.
In addition, although the compressor, the control panel, etc. are mounted in the outdoor unit 11 of FIG. 31, these apparatuses are abbreviate | omitted in FIG.
[0127]
And in the outdoor unit 11 which concerns on this application example 2, it comprises the outer surface part of the exterior case 12, the inner surface part of the exterior case 12, the blowing grill 13 which comprises a part of exterior case 12, and a part of exterior case 12. The suction grill 16 and the heat exchange surface portions of the fins of the outdoor heat exchanger 17 are coated with the paint made of the surface treatment composition as in Application Example 1.
[0128]
Thereby, there can exist an effect similar to the application example 1. FIG.
That is, frost adhering to the outer surface portion of the outer case 12, the inner surface portion of the outer case 12, the blowing grill 13 forming part of the outer case 12, and the surface portion of the suction grill 16 forming part of the outer case 12, The amount of ice and snow can be reduced, and the attached frost, ice and snow can be peeled off in a short time. As a result, during heating operation, cooling of the outside air due to frost, ice, snow, etc. adhering to the outer case 2 is reduced, and a decrease in heating performance is prevented. Further, the blowout grill 3 and the suction grill 6 are prevented from being blocked, the increase in ventilation resistance due to the suction grill 6 being blocked is prevented, the heating performance is prevented from being lowered, and the noise is prevented from increasing. .
Moreover, the heat exchange surface part in the outdoor heat exchanger 17 becomes the thing excellent in water repellency and sliding-off property, and easy frost ice peelability is provided. Thereby, the growth speed of the frost in the outdoor heat exchanger 17 decreases, the heating operation time to the frost amount that requires defrosting is extended, the defrosting time is shortened, and the defrosting energy is reduced. Saved.
In addition, when the fins of the outdoor heat exchanger 17 are excellent in water repellency and water slidability and are provided with easy frost ice peelability, water droplets are easily scattered from the outdoor heat exchanger 17, and the inner surface of the outer case 12 Water droplets are easily attached to the portion and the suction grill 16. However, since the surface writing structure processing described above is applied to the inner surface portion of the outer case 12 and the surface portion of the blowout grill 3, the inner surface portion of the outer case 12 and the surface portion of the blowout grill 13 are caused by the scattered water droplets. There is no problem that much frost or ice is attached.
As a result, as in Application Example 1, in the separate heat pump type air conditioner according to Application Example 2, it is possible to extend the normal refrigeration operation time such as heating operation, and suppress the decrease in energy efficiency. Can do.
[0129]
In the application example 1, the blowing grill 3 and the suction grill 6 and the suction grill 16 in the application letter 2 may be changed from the lattice pattern of FIG. 30 to the pattern shown in FIG. 32 or FIG. That is, in FIG. 32, when the horizontal rail 31 of FIG. 30 is changed to a left-down rail 32a or a right-down rail 32b, the drop of water droplets, frost, ice, or snow adhering to these bars 32a and 32b is promoted. Further, the horizontal rail 31 in FIG. 31 may be made to be continuous with a left-down rail 33a and a right-down rail 33b as shown in FIG.
[0130]
In the application example 1 and the application example 2, the outer surface portions of the outer cases 2 and 12, the inner surface portions of the outer cases 2 and 12, the blowout grills 3 and 13 forming a part of the outer cases 2 and 12, the outer case 2, The surface portions of the suction grilles 6 and 16 forming a part of the heat sink 12 and the heat exchange surfaces of the fins of the outdoor heat exchangers 7 and 17 have a low bonding capacity or low adhesion between the surface portion A having a low heat capacity and frost or ice. The two types of surface portions of B are dispersedly arranged, and the surface portion A and the surface portion B are configured to form a surface structure that satisfies the above-described characteristics 1 and 2, but the present invention provides The thing which gave the surface structure only to a part is also included.
[0131]
【The invention's effect】
The outer surface portion of the outer case, the inner surface portion of the outer case, the blow-out grill that forms part of the outer case, or the surface portion of the suction grill that forms part of the outer case includes the surface portion A with low heat capacity and frost or ice. Two types of surface portions B of the surface portion B having a low binding property or adhesiveness are dispersedly arranged, and the surface portion A and the surface portion B are configured to form a surface structure satisfying the above-described characteristics 1 and 2. Therefore, the amount of frost, ice and snow adhering to these surface portions can be reduced, and frost, ice and snow adhering to these surface portions can be peeled off in a short time. As a result, a decrease in heating performance is prevented. Moreover, the increase in ventilation resistance of the blowout grill and the suction grille is prevented, the heating performance is prevented from being lowered, and the noise is prevented from increasing.
In addition, in the heat exchange surface portion of the fins of the outdoor heat exchanger, two types of surface portions, that is, a surface portion A having a low heat capacity and a surface portion B having a low ability to bind or adhere to frost or ice are dispersedly arranged. When A and the surface portion B are configured to form a surface structure that satisfies the above-described characteristics 1 and 2, the frost growth rate in the outdoor heat exchanger is reduced, and defrosting is required. The heating operation time up to the amount of frost is extended, the defrosting time is shortened, and defrosting energy is saved. In addition, water droplets are easily scattered from the outdoor heat exchanger, and the water droplets are easily attached to the inner surface portion of the exterior case and the suction grille. However, since the surface writing structure processing described above is applied to the inner surface portion of the outer case and the surface portion of the blowout grill, the scattered water droplets cause frost or surface on the inner surface portion of the outer case 12 and the surface portion of the blowout grill. There is no problem of a lot of ice.
As a result, in the separate heat pump type air conditioner according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce frost formation on the outer casing or the surface portion of the suction grill and the blowout grill constituting the outer casing, and to improve the heating operation performance. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a photograph taken with a CCD camera of the state of a sample plate surface at the start of frosting 10 minutes after the start of frost operation in the first cycle in Test Example 3.
FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged photograph of FIG.
FIG. 3 is an overall photograph taken with a CCD camera of the frosting state on the surface of a sample plate at the end of frost operation 20 minutes after the start of frost operation in the first cycle in Test Example 3;
4 is a partially enlarged photograph of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an overall photograph taken with a CCD camera of the peeling state of the sample plate surface at the start of peeling of frost or ice immediately after the start of defrosting operation in the first cycle in Test Example 3;
6 is a partially enlarged photograph of FIG.
7 is an overall photograph taken with a CCD camera of the state of the surface of the sample plate at the end of the defrost operation 2 minutes after the start of the defrost operation in the first cycle in Test Example 3. FIG.
8 is a partially enlarged photograph of FIG.
FIG. 9 is an overall photograph taken with a CCD camera of the state of the sample plate surface at the end of the frost operation 20 minutes after the start of the frost operation in the second cycle in Test Example 3;
10 is a partially enlarged photograph of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is an overall photograph taken with a CCD camera of the state of the surface of the sample plate at the start of frost or ice peeling immediately after the start of the defrost operation of the second cycle in Test Example 3;
FIG. 12 is an overall photograph taken with a CCD camera of the state of the surface of the sample plate when the peeling is almost completed, 30 seconds after the start of the second cycle defrost operation in Test Example 3.
FIG. 13 is an overall photograph taken with a CCD camera of the state of the sample plate surface at the end of the defrost operation, 2 minutes after the start of the defrost operation of the second cycle in Test Example 3.
14 is a partially enlarged photograph of FIG.
FIG. 15 is an overall photograph taken with a CCD camera of the state of the surface of a sample plate in a full frost state about 10 minutes after the start of frost operation in the first cycle in Comparative Test Example 2;
16 is a partially enlarged photograph of FIG.
FIG. 17 is an overall photograph taken with a CCD camera of the state of the sample plate surface at the end of the frost operation 20 minutes after the start of the frost operation in the first cycle in Comparative Test Example 2;
18 is a partially enlarged photograph of FIG.
FIG. 19 is an overall photograph taken with a CCD camera of the state of the sample plate surface at the start of frost or ice melting immediately after the start of the first cycle defrost operation in Comparative Test Example 2.
20 is a partially enlarged photograph of FIG.
FIG. 21 is an overall photograph taken with a CCD camera of the state of the sample plate surface at the end of the defrost operation, 2 minutes after the start of the defrost operation in the first cycle of Comparative Test Example 2;
22 is a partially enlarged photograph of FIG. 21. FIG.
FIG. 23 is an overall photograph taken with a CCD camera of the state of the sample plate surface at the end of the frost operation 20 minutes after the start of the frost operation in the second cycle of Comparative Test Example 2;
24 is a partially enlarged photograph of FIG. 23. FIG.
FIG. 25 is an overall photograph taken with a CCD camera of the state of the surface of the sample plate at the start of frost or ice melting immediately after the start of the defrost operation in the second cycle of Comparative Test Example 2;
FIG. 26 is an overall photograph taken with a CCD camera of the state of the surface of the sample plate 1 minute after the start of the defrost operation in the second cycle of Comparative Test Example 2.
FIG. 27 is an overall photograph taken with a CCD camera of the state of the sample plate surface at the end of the defrost operation, 2 minutes after the start of the defrost operation in the second cycle of Comparative Test Example 2;
28 is a partially enlarged photograph of FIG. 27. FIG.
FIG. 29 is a side sectional view of a trunk type outdoor unit of a separate type air conditioner according to an application example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 30 is an example of a standard pattern for a blow-out grill and a suction grill.
FIG. 31 is a side sectional view of an upper outlet type outdoor unit of a separate type air conditioner according to Application Example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 32 is another pattern example of the blowout grill and the suction grille.
FIG. 33 is still another pattern example of the blowout grill and the suction grille.
[Explanation of symbols]
1,11 outdoor unit
2, 12 Exterior case
3, 13 Suction grill
4, 14 Outdoor fan
5, 15 Bellmouth
6,16 Suction grill
7, 17 Outdoor heat exchanger

Claims (13)

An exterior case, and an outdoor heat exchanger built in the exterior case,
The outer case has an outer surface portion having a surface structure in which a surface portion A having a low heat capacity and a surface portion B having low binding or adhesion to frost or ice are dispersedly arranged,
And the surface part A and the surface part B are the following characteristic 1 and characteristic 2
Characteristic 1: When the surface of a member to which frost or ice is attached is heated, the frost or ice in the interface portion in contact with the surface portion A melts earlier than the frost or ice in the interface portion in contact with the surface portion B. Characteristic characteristic 2: When the surface of a member to which frost or ice is attached is heated, the frost or ice attached to the surface portion B and at least a part of the frost or ice attached to the surface portion A are continuous. An outdoor unit of a separate heat pump air conditioner characterized by satisfying the characteristics of peeling from the surface of a member by its own weight. An exterior case, and an outdoor heat exchanger built in the exterior case,
The outer case has an outer surface portion provided with a coating film formed of a surface treatment composition comprising a water-repellent binder resin, polytetrafluoroethylene particles, a dispersant, low heat capacity particles and a solvent. A separate heat pump air conditioner outdoor unit. An exterior case, and an outdoor heat exchanger built in the exterior case,
The outer case has an inner surface portion of a surface structure in which a surface portion A having a low heat capacity and a surface portion B having low binding or adhesion to frost or ice are dispersedly arranged,
And the surface part A and the surface part B are the following characteristic 1 and characteristic 2
Characteristic 1: When the surface of a member to which frost or ice is attached is heated, the frost or ice in the interface portion in contact with the surface portion A melts earlier than the frost or ice in the interface portion in contact with the surface portion B. Characteristic characteristic 2: When the surface of a member to which frost or ice is attached is heated, the frost or ice attached to the surface portion B and at least a part of the frost or ice attached to the surface portion A are continuous. An outdoor unit of a separate heat pump air conditioner characterized by satisfying the characteristics of peeling from the surface of a member by its own weight. An exterior case, and an outdoor heat exchanger built in the exterior case,
The outer case has an inner surface portion provided with a coating film formed of a surface treatment composition comprising a water-repellent binder resin, polytetrafluoroethylene particles, a dispersant, low heat capacity particles and a solvent. A separate heat pump air conditioner outdoor unit. An exterior case, an outdoor heat exchanger and an outdoor fan built in the exterior case, and a blowout grill formed in a part of the exterior case so as to discharge air blown by the outdoor fan,
The blow-out grill has a surface portion having a surface structure in which a surface portion A having a low heat capacity and a surface portion B having low binding or adhesion to frost or ice are dispersedly arranged,
And the surface part A and the surface part B are the following characteristic 1 and characteristic 2
Characteristic 1: When the surface of a member to which frost or ice is attached is heated, the frost or ice in the interface portion in contact with the surface portion A melts earlier than the frost or ice in the interface portion in contact with the surface portion B. Characteristic characteristic 2: When the surface of a member to which frost or ice is attached is heated, the frost or ice attached to the surface portion B and at least a part of the frost or ice attached to the surface portion A are continuous. An outdoor unit of a separate heat pump air conditioner characterized by satisfying the characteristics of peeling from the surface of a member by its own weight. An exterior case, an outdoor heat exchanger and an outdoor fan built in the exterior case, and a blowout grill formed in a part of the exterior case so as to discharge air blown by the outdoor fan,
The blow-out grill has a surface portion to which a coating film formed of a surface treatment composition comprising a water-repellent binder resin, polytetrafluoroethylene particles, a dispersant, low heat capacity particles and a solvent is applied. An outdoor unit for a separate heat pump air conditioner. An exterior case, an outdoor heat exchanger and an outdoor fan built in the exterior case, and a suction grill formed in a part of the exterior case so as to be able to suck outside air,
The suction grille has a surface portion having a surface structure in which a surface portion A having a low heat capacity and a surface portion B having low binding or adhesion to frost or ice are dispersedly arranged,
And the surface part A and the surface part B are the following characteristic 1 and characteristic 2
Characteristic 1: When the surface of a member to which frost or ice is attached is heated, the frost or ice in the interface portion in contact with the surface portion A melts earlier than the frost or ice in the interface portion in contact with the surface portion B. Characteristic characteristic 2: When the surface of a member to which frost or ice is attached is heated, the frost or ice attached to the surface portion B and at least a part of the frost or ice attached to the surface portion A are continuous. An outdoor unit of a separate heat pump air conditioner characterized by satisfying the characteristics of peeling from the surface of a member by its own weight. An exterior case, an outdoor heat exchanger and an outdoor fan built in the exterior case, and a suction grill formed in a part of the exterior case so as to be able to suck outside air,
The suction grille has a surface portion to which a coating film formed of a surface treatment composition comprising a water-repellent binder resin, polytetrafluoroethylene particles, a dispersant, low heat capacity particles and a solvent is applied. An outdoor unit for a separate heat pump air conditioner. An exterior case, an outdoor heat exchanger and an outdoor fan built in the exterior case, a blow-off grill formed in a part of the exterior case so that air blown by the outdoor fan can be discharged, and sucks outside air A suction grill formed in a part of the outer case to obtain,
Each of the blow-out grill and the suction grille has a surface portion having a surface structure in which a surface portion A having a low heat capacity and a surface portion B having low binding or adhesion to frost or ice are dispersedly arranged. A and surface portion B are the following properties 1 and 2
Characteristic 1: When the surface of a member to which frost or ice is attached is heated, the frost or ice in the interface portion in contact with the surface portion A melts earlier than the frost or ice in the interface portion in contact with the surface portion B. Characteristic characteristic 2: When the surface of a member to which frost or ice is attached is heated, the frost or ice attached to the surface portion B and at least a part of the frost or ice attached to the surface portion A are continuous. An outdoor unit of a separate heat pump air conditioner characterized by satisfying the characteristics of peeling from the surface of a member by its own weight. An exterior case, an outdoor heat exchanger and an outdoor fan built in the exterior case, a blow-off grill formed in a part of the exterior case so that air blown by the outdoor fan can be discharged, and sucks outside air A suction grill formed in a part of the outer case to obtain,
The blow-out grill and the suction grill each have a surface portion provided with a coating film formed of a surface treatment composition comprising a water-repellent binder resin, polytetrafluoroethylene particles, a dispersant, low heat capacity particles and a solvent. An outdoor unit of a separate heat pump type air conditioner, characterized by comprising: The outdoor heat exchanger includes a heat exchange tube for circulating a refrigerant therein, and a fin for promoting heat exchange between the heat exchange tube and outside air,
This fin has a heat exchange surface portion having a surface structure in which a surface portion A having a low heat capacity and a surface portion B having low binding or adhesion to frost or ice are distributed.
And the surface part A and the surface part B are the following characteristic 1 and characteristic 2
Characteristic 1: When the surface of a member to which frost or ice is attached is heated, the frost or ice in the interface portion in contact with the surface portion A melts earlier than the frost or ice in the interface portion in contact with the surface portion B. Characteristic characteristic 2: When the surface of a member to which frost or ice is attached is heated, the frost or ice attached to the surface portion B and at least a part of the frost or ice attached to the surface portion A are continuous. The outdoor unit of a separate heat pump type air conditioner according to any one of claims 6 to 10, wherein the outdoor unit of the separate heat pump type air conditioner is characterized by satisfying a property of peeling from a member surface by its own weight. The outdoor heat exchanger includes a heat exchange tube for circulating a refrigerant therein, and a fin for promoting heat exchange between the heat exchange tube and outside air,
This fin has a heat exchange surface portion to which a coating film formed of a surface treatment composition comprising a water-repellent binder resin, polytetrafluoroethylene particles, a dispersant, low heat capacity particles and a solvent is applied. The outdoor unit of the separate heat pump type air conditioner according to any one of claims 6 to 10. The water repellent binder resin is a fluororesin,
The polytetrafluoroethylene particles have a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 200,000, an average particle diameter of 0.1 μm or more,
The dispersant is a polymer containing repeating units derived from a vinyl monomer having a fluoroalkyl group,
The low heat capacity particles have a molar heat capacity of 6Ca / JK ⁻¹ mol ^{−1 to} 7Ca / JK ⁻¹ mol ⁻¹ and have conductivity.
The solvent is an organic solvent system, and the blending ratio of these compositions is 100 to 200 parts by weight of the polytetrafluoroethylene particles, 5 to 30 parts by weight of the dispersant, and 100% by weight of the water-repellent binder resin. The outdoor of the separate heat pump type air conditioner according to claim 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12, wherein the heat capacity particles are 25 to 200 parts by weight and the solvent is 400 to 2,000 parts by weight. unit.

Images