JP4226825B2 - Infectious agent - Google Patents

Infectious agent Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4226825B2
JP4226825B2 JP2002037280A JP2002037280A JP4226825B2 JP 4226825 B2 JP4226825 B2 JP 4226825B2 JP 2002037280 A JP2002037280 A JP 2002037280A JP 2002037280 A JP2002037280 A JP 2002037280A JP 4226825 B2 JP4226825 B2 JP 4226825B2
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adhesion
gum
infection
bacteria
dietary fiber
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JP2002037280A
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JP2003238436A (en
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隆明 上村
高明 渡邉
俊一 秋葉
俊郎 河南
勝俊 荒
萩原  浩
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Kao Corp
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Kao Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は風邪等の発症と重症化に関与する細菌の体内への侵入を抑える感染防御剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】
肺炎や気管支炎等の気道性疾患は、咽頭への病原菌の感染(一次感染)を介して引き起こされる場合が多く、特に風邪ウイルスに続発する呼吸器感染症の主原因菌であるインフルエンザ菌(Haemophilus influenzae)等は咽頭上皮細胞に付着し定着することにより、ヒトに感染することが報告されている(Noelら;1994, Infect. Immun. 62:4028-4033)。
【0003】
従って、口腔や咽頭を介した感染症を予防するには、病原菌の口腔内での付着及び定着を抑制・制御することが効果的であると考えられ、これまでにリン酸化組換えヒトβカゼインやガラツクロニドがヒト細胞に対するインフルエンザ菌等の細菌の付着防止作用を有し感染予防に有効であることが報告されている(特表平2000−500141号公報、特表平9−502195号公報)。
【0004】
斯かる物質は、抗生物質等の感染症治療剤と比べて遙かに安全性が高く食品等にも使用できる点で有用であるが、細菌の付着防止効果等の点で必ずしも十分であるとは言えない。
【0005】
本発明は、ヒト上皮細胞への細菌の付着を効果的に抑制し、かつ長期の連用においても安全性の高い感染防御剤を提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
本発明者らは、細菌の感染を制御できる安全性の高い天然物質を探索したところ、特定の食物繊維及び多糖類に、細胞外マトリックスであるフィブロネクチンへの細菌付着防止作用があり、斯かる素材が感染防御に有用であることを見出した。
【0007】
すなわち本発明は、大豆食物繊維、グアガム、タラガム及びカラヤガムから選ばれる食物繊維又はリン酸マンナンからなる感染防御剤及び上皮細胞への細菌付着抑制剤を提供するものである。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明において、大豆食物繊維とは水溶性多糖類を主成分とする大豆由来の食物繊維をいい、グアガムとはマンノースを主鎖とするガラクトマンナン多糖をいい、タラガムとはマタタビ科のタラ(Actinidia callosa LINDLEY)の種子の胚乳部分に存在するガラクトマンナン多糖をいう。これらはいずれも水溶性食物繊維であり、整腸効果等を有し健康飲食品等に配合されている。また、グアガムは食品添加物として冷菓、麺類、スープ、漬物等にも使用されている。
【0009】
これらは、市販品を用いる事ができ、例えば大豆食物繊維として「ソヤファイブ−S」(不二製油(株))、グアガム(SIGMA社製)、タラガム(伊那食品工業)等を使用することができる。
【0010】
またカラヤガムは、食品の増粘剤として使用され、食物繊維として血清コレステロール低下作用があることが報告されており、(桐山修人(1980)化学と生物8(8), p498)、本発明においては、例えば市販の「カラヤガム」(三栄源エフ.エフ.アイ(株))を用いることができる。
【0011】
本発明のリン酸マンナンとしては、分子内に少なくとも1個、好ましくは2個以上のリン酸基を有するマンナンが挙げられ、植物由来マンナン及び微生物由来マンナンが包含され、好ましくは、微生物由来リン酸マンナンである。
斯かるリン酸マンナンは、例えばHansenulaholstii NRRL Y-2448よりSlodki MEら、J. Bacteriol. 82:269-274, 1961記載の方法により得ることができる。
【0012】
上記食物繊維及びリン酸マンナンは、後記実施例で示されるように、ヒト上皮細胞における細胞外マトリックスのフィブロネクチンに付着してこれをコーティングし、細菌のフィブロネクチンへの付着を抑制するか、或いは細菌に付着してこれをトラップし、細菌のフィブロネクチンへの付着を抑制する効果を有する。
フィブロネクチンは、正常繊維芽細胞や内皮細胞の表面、腸管上皮細胞の基底膜面他、種々の細胞同士の接着面に存在する糖タンパク質であるが、口腔内にも存在し、細菌の口腔内への付着にも関与していると考えられていることから(A. Ljunghら;1996. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 16, 117-126)、細菌のフィブロネクチンへの付着を抑制・制御できれば上下気道感染を有効に防止できる。
【0013】
従って、本発明の感染防御剤及び細菌付着抑制剤によって防御できる細菌としては、フィブロネクチンに付着・定着して感染する細菌、例えばインフルエンザ菌(Haemophilus influenzae)、黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、緑膿菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、肺炎球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae)、Branhamella catarrhalis等が挙げられ、このうち本発明の感染防御剤及び細菌付着抑制剤は、上下気道感染症の起炎菌であるインフルエンザ菌、黄色ブドウ球菌に対して特に効果的である。
【0014】
本発明の食物繊維、リン酸マンナン及びカラヤガムは、感染防御剤及び上皮細胞への細菌付着抑制剤として、それらを単独、或いは2種以上を組み合わせてヒトを含む動物に適用することができる。
【0015】
斯かる感染防御剤及び上皮細胞への細菌付着抑制剤は、各種飲食品、医薬品及び動物の飼料として使用することができるが、飲食品として使用する場合には、食物繊維等を適宜常法に従って、固体状(粉末、顆粒状その他)、ペースト状、液状又は懸濁状にし、必要に応じて甘味料、酸味料、ビタミン剤等の飲食品の製造に通常使用される各種成分を添加して、飲料、ガム、飴、スプレー等として製剤化することができる。
【0016】
また、医薬品として使用する場合、種々の形態で投与することができるが、好ましくは錠剤、カプセル剤、顆粒剤、散剤、シロップ剤等による経口投与のほか経管投与、経腸投与を挙げることができる。これらの製剤は、常法に従い適宜賦形剤、結合剤、崩壊剤、滑沢剤、矯味矯臭剤、溶解補助剤、懸濁剤、コーティング剤等を配合して製剤化することができる。
【0017】
上記製剤又は飲食品の1日当たりの投与量は、患者の症状、体重、年齢、性別等によって異なるが、食物繊維、リン酸マンナンとして通常成人1日当たり約1.0mg〜10g、好ましくは約0.1〜1.0gとすれば良く、これを1日1回又は2〜4回程度に分け適用するのが好ましい。
【実施例】
実施例1
(1)菌の調製
黄色ブドウ球菌の調製は、凍結保存している菌株Staphylococcus aureus(IFO13276)をブレインハートインフージョン寒天培地に画線し、95%空気及び5%二酸化炭素の湿潤空気中で37℃でインキュベートし、1晩培養を行なった。生育したコロニーをブレインハートインフュージョン液体培地で培養し、対数増殖期の菌体をリン酸バッファー(PBS)で3回洗浄行い、AlexaFluor 488C5 maleimide,sodium salt(Molecular Probe社製)で蛍光ラベル標識をプロトコールに従い行った。蛍光ラベル化した菌体を108個/mLに調整した。
インフルエンザ菌の調製は、凍結保存している長崎大学熱帯医学研究所分離菌 Haemophilus influenzae(H95−135)をチョコレート寒天培地に画線し、95%空気及び5%二酸化炭素の湿潤空気中で37℃でインキュベートし、1晩培養を行なった。チョコレート寒天培地に生育したコロニーをかき取り、PBSで3回洗浄行い、Alexa Fluor 488C5 maleimide,sodium salt(Molecular Probe社)で蛍光ラベル標識をプロトコールに従い行った。蛍光ラベル化した菌体を108個/mLに調整した。
【0018】
(2)試料
(a)大豆食物繊維 :「ソヤファイブ−S」(不二製油(株))
(b)グアガム :シグマ
(c)タラガム :伊那食品工業
(d)リン酸マンナン:Slodki MEらの方法によりHansenula. holstii NRRL Y-2448より生産
(e)カラヤガム :三栄源エフ.エフ.アイ(株)
【0019】
実施例2 コーティング試験
ヒト上皮細胞モデルであるヒトフィブロネクチンコート24穴プレート(ベクトン・ディッキンソン社製)に、上記試料(a)〜(e)の水溶液0.5%をコーティングした。1時間コーティングした後、PBSで3回洗浄し、蛍光ラベル標識菌体を付着した。1時間菌を付着した後、PBSで3回洗浄し、蛍光度を測定し菌の付着率を測定した。付着率は4回実験を行った平均を記載した。対照はPBSコーティングしたサンプルを100%として算出した。
その結果、黄色ブドウ球菌の付着率は、リン酸マンナンで1%、グアガムで50%、タラガムで45%、大豆食物繊維で29%となり、黄色ブドウ球菌の付着を抑制した(図1)。
また、インフルエンザ菌の付着率は、リン酸マンナンで1%、グアガムで18%、タラガムで18%、大豆食物繊維で19%となり、インフルエンザ菌の付着を抑制した(図3)。
【0020】
実施例2 トラップ試験
上記試料(a)〜(e)と蛍光ラベル標識した菌体を1:1で反応した。1時間反応後、ヒト上皮細胞モデルであるヒトフィブロネクチンコート24穴プレートに反応液を付着した。1時間付着後、PBSで3回洗浄し、蛍光度を測定し菌の付着率を測定した。付着率は4回実験を行った平均を記載した。対照はPBSで反応したサンプルを100%として算出した。
その結果、黄色ブドウ球菌の付着率は、カラヤガムで1%、リン酸マンナンで1%、グアガムで57%、タラガムで1%、大豆食物繊維で22%となり、黄色ブドウ球菌の付着を抑制した(図2)。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、細菌の上皮細胞への付着を抑制することにより、該細菌による上下気道感染等を防御することができる。また、本発明の大豆食物繊維、グアガム、タラガム、カラヤガム及びリン酸マンナンはいずれも食用に用いられている天然素材であることから極めて安全であり無害である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】黄色ブドウ球菌の付着抑制効果(コーティング試験)を示す図である。
【図2】黄色ブドウ球菌の付着抑制効果(トラップ試験)を示す図である。
【図3】インフルエンザ菌の付着抑制効果(コーティング試験)を示す図である。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an infection protective agent that suppresses invasion of bacteria involved in the onset and seriousness of colds and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention]
Airway diseases such as pneumonia and bronchitis are often caused by infection of the pharynx with pathogenic bacteria (primary infection), especially Haemophilus , the main cause of respiratory infections secondary to the cold virus. influenzae ) and the like have been reported to infect humans by attaching and colonizing pharyngeal epithelial cells (Noel et al .; 1994, Infect. Immun. 62: 4028-4033).
[0003]
Therefore, in order to prevent infections through the oral cavity and pharynx, it is considered effective to suppress and control the adherence and colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity, and so far phosphorylated recombinant human β casein And galatu clonide have been reported to have an action to prevent adhesion of bacteria such as H. influenzae to human cells and to be effective in preventing infection (Japanese Patent Publication No. 2000-500141, Japanese Patent Publication No. 9-502195).
[0004]
Such a substance is much safer than antibiotics and other infectious disease therapeutic agents and is useful in that it can also be used in foods, etc. I can't say that.
[0005]
An object of the present invention is to provide an infection protective agent that effectively suppresses bacterial adhesion to human epithelial cells and is highly safe even for long-term continuous use.
[0006]
When the present inventors searched for a highly safe natural substance capable of controlling bacterial infection, specific dietary fibers and polysaccharides have an effect of preventing bacterial adhesion to fibronectin, which is an extracellular matrix. Has been found to be useful in protecting against infection.
[0007]
That is, the present invention provides an infection protective agent comprising a dietary fiber selected from soybean dietary fiber, guar gum, tara gum and karaya gum, or a mannan phosphate, and an inhibitor of bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, the soy dietary fiber refers to a soy-derived dietary fiber mainly composed of a water-soluble polysaccharide, the guar gum refers to a galactomannan polysaccharide having mannose as the main chain, and the tara gum refers to a cod (Actinidia) callosa LINDLEY) is a galactomannan polysaccharide present in the endosperm portion of seeds. These are all water-soluble dietary fibers, have an intestinal effect, etc., and are blended in health foods and drinks. Gua gum is also used as a food additive in frozen desserts, noodles, soups, pickles and the like.
[0009]
These can use a commercial item, for example, "Soya Five-S" (Fuji Oil Co., Ltd.), guar gum (made by SIGMA), tara gum (Ina Food Industry) etc. can be used as soybean dietary fiber. .
[0010]
Karaya gum is also used as a food thickener and has been reported to have a serum cholesterol lowering action as a dietary fiber (Shito Kiriyama (1980) Chemistry and Biology 8 (8), p498). For example, commercially available “Kalaya Gum” (Saneigen F.F.I. Co., Ltd.) can be used.
[0011]
Examples of the mannan phosphate of the present invention include mannan having at least one, preferably two or more phosphate groups in the molecule, including plant-derived mannan and microorganism-derived mannan, preferably microorganism-derived phosphate. Mannan.
Such mannan phosphate can be obtained, for example, from Hansenula holstii NRRL Y-2448 by the method described in Slodki ME et al., J. Bacteriol. 82: 269-274, 1961.
[0012]
As shown in Examples below, the dietary fiber and mannan phosphate adhere to and coat fibronectin on the extracellular matrix in human epithelial cells to suppress the adhesion of bacteria to fibronectin or to bacteria. It adheres and traps it, and has the effect of suppressing the adhesion of bacteria to fibronectin.
Fibronectin is a glycoprotein that exists on the surface of normal fibroblasts and endothelial cells, the basement membrane surface of intestinal epithelial cells, and other various cells, but it is also present in the oral cavity. (A. Ljungh et al., 1996. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 16, 117-126), and if the adhesion to bacterial fibronectin can be suppressed / controlled, the upper and lower respiratory tract It can effectively prevent infection.
[0013]
Accordingly, the bacteria that can be protected by the infection-protecting agent and the bacterial adhesion-inhibiting agent of the present invention include bacteria that adhere to and establish fibronectin, such as Haemophilus influenzae , Staphylococcus aureus , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa ), pneumococci ( Streptococcus pneumoniae ), Branhamella catarrhalis, and the like. Among them, the infection protective agent and the bacterial adhesion inhibitor of the present invention are H. influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus that are pathogenic bacteria of upper and lower respiratory tract infections Is particularly effective.
[0014]
The dietary fiber, mannan phosphate and karaya gum of the present invention can be applied to animals including humans alone or in combination of two or more as an infection protective agent and an inhibitor of bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells.
[0015]
Such infection protection agents and inhibitors of bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells can be used as various foods and drinks, pharmaceuticals and animal feeds. , Solid (powder, granule, etc.), paste, liquid or suspension, and if necessary, add various ingredients commonly used in the production of food and drink such as sweeteners, acidulants and vitamins It can be formulated as a beverage, gum, candy, spray or the like.
[0016]
In addition, when used as a pharmaceutical, it can be administered in various forms, preferably oral administration by tablets, capsules, granules, powders, syrups, etc., as well as tube administration and enteral administration. it can. These preparations can be formulated by appropriately blending excipients, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, flavoring agents, solubilizers, suspending agents, coating agents and the like according to conventional methods.
[0017]
The daily dose of the preparation or food or drink varies depending on the patient's symptoms, body weight, age, sex, etc., but is usually about 1.0 mg to 10 g, preferably about 0.00, per day for adults as dietary fiber and mannan phosphate. It may be 1 to 1.0 g, and it is preferable to apply this once a day or about 2 to 4 times a day.
【Example】
Example 1
(1) Preparation of Bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (IFO13276), which has been cryopreserved, was streaked on a brain heart infusion agar medium and cultured in a humid atmosphere of 95% air and 5% carbon dioxide. Incubated at 0 ° C. and cultured overnight. The grown colonies are cultured in a brain heart infusion liquid medium, and the cells in the logarithmic growth phase are washed three times with a phosphate buffer (PBS), and labeled with AlexaFluor 488C5 maleimide and sodium salt (Molecular Probe). This was performed according to the protocol. The number of cells labeled with fluorescence was adjusted to 10 8 cells / mL.
Preparation of Haemophilus influenzae was carried out by streaking Haemophilus influenzae (H95-135) isolated from Nagasaki University's Institute of Tropical Medicine, cryopreserved on a chocolate agar medium at 37 ° C. in 95% air and 5% carbon dioxide in humid air. And incubated overnight. Colonies that grew on the chocolate agar medium were scraped, washed 3 times with PBS, and labeled with Alexa Fluor 488C5 maleimide, sodium salt (Molecular Probe) according to the protocol. The number of cells labeled with fluorescence was adjusted to 10 8 cells / mL.
[0018]
(2) Sample (a) Soybean dietary fiber: “Soya Five-S” (Fuji Oil Co., Ltd.)
(B) Gua gum: Sigma (c) Tara gum: Ina Food Industry (d) Mannan phosphate: produced from Hansenula. Holstii NRRL Y-2448 by the method of Slodki ME et al. (E) Karaya gum: Saneigen F. F. Eye Co., Ltd.
[0019]
Example 2 Coating Test A human fibronectin-coated 24-well plate (manufactured by Becton Dickinson), which is a human epithelial cell model, was coated with 0.5% of the aqueous solution of the above samples (a) to (e). After coating for 1 hour, the cells were washed 3 times with PBS to attach fluorescently labeled cells. After attaching the bacteria for 1 hour, it was washed 3 times with PBS, the fluorescence was measured, and the adhesion rate of the bacteria was measured. The adhesion rate is the average of four experiments. As a control, the PBS-coated sample was calculated as 100%.
As a result, the adherence rate of Staphylococcus aureus was 1% for mannan phosphate, 50% for guar gum, 45% for cod gum, and 29% for soy dietary fiber, suppressing the adherence of S. aureus (FIG. 1).
Moreover, the attachment rate of H. influenzae was 1% with mannan phosphate, 18% with guar gum, 18% with tara gum, and 19% with soy dietary fiber, suppressing the attachment of H. influenzae (FIG. 3).
[0020]
Example 2 Trap test The samples (a) to (e) and the fluorescently labeled cells were reacted at 1: 1. After reaction for 1 hour, the reaction solution was attached to a human fibronectin-coated 24-well plate, which is a human epithelial cell model. After attachment for 1 hour, the plate was washed 3 times with PBS, the fluorescence was measured, and the adhesion rate of the bacteria was measured. The adhesion rate is the average of four experiments. As a control, a sample reacted with PBS was calculated as 100%.
As a result, the adherence rate of Staphylococcus aureus was 1% for Karaya gum, 1% for mannan phosphate, 57% for guar gum, 1% for tara gum, and 22% for soy dietary fiber, suppressing the adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus ( Figure 2).
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent upper and lower respiratory tract infections caused by the bacteria by suppressing adhesion of the bacteria to epithelial cells. Moreover, since the soybean dietary fiber, guar gum, tara gum, karaya gum and mannan phosphate of the present invention are all natural materials used for food, they are extremely safe and harmless.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a graph showing the adhesion inhibitory effect (coating test) of Staphylococcus aureus.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the adhesion inhibitory effect (trap test) of Staphylococcus aureus.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of inhibiting the adhesion of Haemophilus influenzae (coating test).

Claims (3)

大豆食物繊維、グアガム、タラガム及びカラヤガムから選ばれる食物繊維からなる上皮細胞への細菌付着抑制剤。Soybean dietary fibers, guar gum, bacterial adhesion inhibitor to dietary fiber or Ranaru epithelial cells selected from tara and karaya gum. Haemophilus influenzaeStaphylococcus aureusPseudomonas aeruginosaStreptococcus pneumoniae及びBranhamella catarrhalisから選ばれる細菌の付着・感染を抑制する請求項1記載の細菌付着抑制剤。 The bacterial adhesion inhibitor according to claim 1, which suppresses adhesion / infection of bacteria selected from Haemophilus influenzae , Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Streptococcus pneumoniae and Branhamella catarrhalis . Haemophilus influenzae又はStaphylococcus aureusの付着・感染を抑制する請求項1記載の細菌付着抑制剤。 The bacterial adhesion inhibitor according to claim 1, which suppresses adhesion / infection of Haemophilus influenzae or Staphylococcus aureus .
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