JP4209346B2 - Centered chisel and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Centered chisel and method for manufacturing the same Download PDF

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JP4209346B2
JP4209346B2 JP2004056859A JP2004056859A JP4209346B2 JP 4209346 B2 JP4209346 B2 JP 4209346B2 JP 2004056859 A JP2004056859 A JP 2004056859A JP 2004056859 A JP2004056859 A JP 2004056859A JP 4209346 B2 JP4209346 B2 JP 4209346B2
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core material
chisel
shaft hole
metal
core
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JP2005246501A (en
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安弘 檜垣
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株式会社ヒガキ製作所
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Description

本発明は、ブレーカに用いられる芯入りチゼル及びその製造方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a cored chisel used for a breaker and a method for manufacturing the same.

従来より、岩盤、堅土床、コンクリート等、硬質の対象物を、打撃を繰返すことによって破砕するための手段の一つとして、チゼルを先端に取付けた油圧ブレーカが用いられている。このチゼルにはチゼル本体と芯材とから構成されるものがあり、チゼル本体に硬質の芯材が挿入される。チゼル全体を表面から中心まで均等に焼き入れすることは困難であるが、このように芯材を用いたチゼルでは、チゼル本体の鋼の焼き入れが不充分であった場合でも、チゼル全体の強度を確保することが可能であるという利点がある。   2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a hydraulic breaker with a chisel attached to the tip has been used as one of means for crushing hard objects such as bedrock, hard clay, concrete, etc. by repeated hitting. Some chisels are composed of a chisel body and a core material, and a hard core material is inserted into the chisel body. Although it is difficult to quench the entire chisel evenly from the surface to the center, in the chisel using the core material in this way, even if the steel of the chisel body is not sufficiently quenched, the strength of the entire chisel There is an advantage that it is possible to ensure.

ところが、このような芯入りのチゼルでは、使用して数日でチゼル本体の軸穴の底部付近より破壊してしまうことがあることが知られているが、使用開始後1週間以内で約2〜3割が破壊する。この破壊の原因は芯材が嵌め込まれる軸穴の底部におけるチゼル本体と芯材との接触面が不均一であるため、一部分に力が集中してしまうためである。接触面が一致するように仕上げた場合でも同様の破壊がみられることから、チゼル本体と芯材を通常の成型技術によって形成した場合、本問題を克服することは困難であるとされている。そこで、これまでにチゼル本体と芯材の底部との間で発生する応力集中を回避するために、次のような技術が公表されてきた。
特開平11−48163号公報 特開2002−144254号公報
However, it is known that such a cored chisel may be destroyed from the vicinity of the bottom of the shaft hole of the chisel body within a few days after use, but within about one week after the start of use, ~ 30% will be destroyed. The cause of the destruction is that the contact surface between the chisel body and the core material at the bottom of the shaft hole into which the core material is fitted is non-uniform, so that force is concentrated on a part. Even when finished so that the contact surfaces coincide with each other, the same destruction is observed. Therefore, when the chisel body and the core material are formed by a normal molding technique, it is difficult to overcome this problem. In order to avoid stress concentration occurring between the chisel body and the bottom of the core material, the following techniques have been published so far.
JP 11-48163 A JP 2002-144254 A

特許文献1記載の発明は、チゼル本体に用いる金属を芯材に用いる金属よりも軟質のものとすることによって衝撃を吸収し、芯材の特定の部分に応力が集中し、破壊することがないようにした技術である。しかし、この構成ではチゼル本体用の金属と芯材の金属のどちらか、もしくは両方に特定の金属を採用する必要が生じ、従来より用いられてきたチゼル本体と芯材の金属を使用することができないという問題点がある。   The invention described in Patent Document 1 absorbs impact by making the metal used for the chisel body softer than the metal used for the core material, and stress is concentrated on a specific part of the core material, so that it does not break. This is the technology that I did. However, in this configuration, it is necessary to use a specific metal for the chisel body metal, the core metal, or both, and the conventionally used chisel body and core metal may be used. There is a problem that it is not possible.

特許文献2記載の発明は、チゼル本体に設けられた挿通孔の底部と、挿入する芯材との間に金属パウダーを介在させることによって、チゼル本体と芯材とを固定化し、芯材の脱落を防止するとともに、芯材から伝達される衝撃が芯材の底部の一点に集中して、芯材にクラックが生じることを防止する技術であるが、パウダーが入り込まない隙間が生じてしまう虞もある。   In the invention described in Patent Document 2, the chisel body and the core material are fixed by interposing metal powder between the bottom portion of the insertion hole provided in the chisel body and the core material to be inserted, and the core material is removed. This is a technology that prevents the core material from cracking due to the impact transmitted from the core material being concentrated on one point at the bottom of the core material, but there is also a risk that a gap that does not allow the powder to enter is generated. is there.

上記問題点を解決するために、本発明の芯入りチゼルの製造方法では、チゼル本体の軸方向に設けられた軸穴の底部に、溶融した金属を流入し、該金属が溶融している間に芯材を軸穴に挿入することにより、その後、該金属は、前記芯材の底部と前記軸穴の底部の形状の不整合から生じる隙間を充填した状態で凝固することを特徴とする。また、好ましくは、前記挿入方法は、冷やし嵌めであることを特徴とすることができる。さらに好ましくは、前記金属は、前記チゼル本体並びに前記芯材よりも軟質かつ融点が低い物性を有する非鉄金属であることを特徴とすることができる。さらに、本発明の芯入りチゼルは、チゼル本体の軸方向に設けられた軸穴の底部に、溶融した金属が流入され、該金属が溶融している間に、液体窒素によって冷却された芯材が軸穴に挿入され、その後、該金属は、前記芯材の底部と前記軸穴の底部の形状の不整合から生じる隙間を充填した状態で凝固してなることを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above-described problems, in the manufacturing method of the cored chisel according to the present invention, the molten metal flows into the bottom of the shaft hole provided in the axial direction of the chisel body, and the metal is melted. Then, by inserting the core material into the shaft hole, the metal is then solidified in a state of filling a gap resulting from a mismatch between the shape of the bottom of the core material and the bottom of the shaft hole . Preferably, the insertion method is a cold fit. More preferably, the metal may be a non-ferrous metal having physical properties that are softer and lower in melting point than the chisel body and the core material . Further, in the cored chisel of the present invention, the molten metal is poured into the bottom of the axial hole provided in the axial direction of the chisel body, and the core material cooled by liquid nitrogen while the metal is molten Is inserted into the shaft hole, and then the metal is solidified in a state of filling a gap resulting from a mismatch between the shape of the bottom of the core and the bottom of the shaft hole .

本発明のチゼル製造方法によれば、軸穴の底部に溶融した介在金属を入れ、該介在金属が溶融している間に芯材を挿入することによって軸穴の底部と芯材の底部に隙間が生じる虞がなくなり、チゼル本体と芯材との間に該介在金属が完全に密着した状態で凝固する。そして、該チゼルを使用した場合、芯材を通して伝わって来る強い衝撃を該介在金属が緩和すると同時にチゼル本体の特定部分に衝撃が集中することがなく、チゼル本体が破壊してしまうという問題点を解消することができる。   According to the chisel manufacturing method of the present invention, a molten intervening metal is placed at the bottom of the shaft hole, and the core material is inserted while the intervening metal is melted, whereby a gap is formed between the bottom of the shaft hole and the bottom of the core material. Is eliminated, and the intervening metal is solidified in a state of being completely adhered between the chisel body and the core material. When the chisel is used, the strong impact transmitted through the core material is mitigated by the intervening metal, and at the same time, the impact does not concentrate on a specific portion of the chisel body, and the chisel body is destroyed. Can be resolved.

以下、本発明の芯入りチゼルの製造方法について、実施例に基づき詳細に説明する。図1は、芯入りチゼルの断面図である。本発明の芯入りチゼルは基本的に、チゼル本体1と芯材2、そして軸穴底部に設けられる介在金属3により構成される。   Hereinafter, the manufacturing method of the centered chisel of this invention is demonstrated in detail based on an Example. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a cored chisel. The cored chisel of the present invention is basically composed of a chisel body 1, a core material 2, and an intervening metal 3 provided at the bottom of the shaft hole.

チゼル本体1は円筒形の鋼であり、先端部より中心軸に沿って軸穴5が設けられている。該軸穴5は芯材2を嵌入可能な形状であり、芯材2を挿入した時に係止機構が存在せずに締結保持可能な内径に形成されている。本実施例では軸穴5の底面の形状は球面である。チゼル本体は特殊鋼を用いるが、チゼル本体としての強度を有していれば、どのような素材の材料を用いても構わない。   The chisel body 1 is cylindrical steel, and a shaft hole 5 is provided along the central axis from the tip. The shaft hole 5 has a shape into which the core material 2 can be inserted, and is formed to have an inner diameter that can be fastened and held without a locking mechanism when the core material 2 is inserted. In this embodiment, the shape of the bottom surface of the shaft hole 5 is a spherical surface. The chisel body uses special steel, but any material may be used as long as it has strength as the chisel body.

芯材2は前記軸穴5に嵌め込まれる円筒形の鋼である。該芯材2は破砕対象物に接する部分であるため、チゼル本体1に使用される鋼よりも高強度の鋼によって形成される。また、芯材底面部22は平面であり、芯材底面部の周縁23は曲面である。芯材2に使用される鋼は、本実施例では特殊合金鋼を用いているが、チゼルの芯材として適した材質を持つ材料であるならば、いかなるものでも構わない。   The core material 2 is cylindrical steel that is fitted into the shaft hole 5. Since the core material 2 is a portion in contact with the object to be crushed, the core material 2 is formed of steel having a strength higher than that of the steel used for the chisel body 1. Further, the core bottom surface portion 22 is a flat surface, and the peripheral edge 23 of the core material bottom surface portion is a curved surface. The steel used for the core material 2 is a special alloy steel in this embodiment, but any material having a material suitable as a core material for a chisel may be used.

介在金属3は、加熱され溶融した状態で軸穴5に流入されてチゼル本体1の軸穴底部に配置された後、芯材2が挿入されるとともに凝固する。介在金属3は、チゼルの使用時に芯材2を介してチゼル本体1に伝わる衝撃が、芯材2と軸穴5の形状の不一致が存在する芯材2の特定の一部分に集中し、局部的に大きな力が掛かることによりチゼル本体1が破壊してしまうことを防止する役割を果たす。それ故に、介在金属として用いる金属は、チゼル本体1並びに芯材2よりも軟質であることが望ましく、さらには溶融状態で接することになる芯材2並びにチゼル本体1に用いられる材料よりも融点が低いものが望ましい。このような材料としては非鉄金属が好適である。   The intervening metal 3 flows into the shaft hole 5 in a heated and melted state and is disposed at the bottom of the shaft hole of the chisel body 1, and then solidifies while the core material 2 is inserted. In the intervening metal 3, the impact transmitted to the chisel main body 1 through the core 2 when the chisel is used is concentrated on a specific part of the core 2 where the core 2 and the shaft hole 5 are inconsistent in shape. It plays the role which prevents that the chisel main body 1 destroys when big force is applied to. Therefore, the metal used as the intervening metal is desirably softer than the chisel body 1 and the core material 2, and further has a melting point higher than that of the material used for the core material 2 and the chisel body 1 to be in contact in a molten state. A low one is desirable. As such a material, a non-ferrous metal is suitable.

本発明の芯入りチゼルの製造方法を説明する。まず、介在金属3を熱して溶融させ液状にし、該介在金属3を軸穴5の底部に流入する。ここで流入する介在金属3の量は、チゼル本体1、軸穴5、芯材2の大きさにあわせて適宜決定され、介在金属3が芯材底面部全体を充分に保持し、衝撃を和らげることができる量であればよい。ここで、介在金属3が溶融状態の時には変態点以下の温度が保持されるように管理する。   A method for manufacturing the cored chisel of the present invention will be described. First, the intervening metal 3 is heated and melted to form a liquid, and the intervening metal 3 flows into the bottom of the shaft hole 5. The amount of intervening metal 3 flowing in here is appropriately determined according to the size of the chisel body 1, the shaft hole 5, and the core material 2, and the intervening metal 3 sufficiently retains the entire bottom surface of the core material and moderates the impact. Any amount can be used. Here, when the intervening metal 3 is in a molten state, the temperature is controlled so that the temperature below the transformation point is maintained.

続いて、芯材2を軸穴5に挿入する。芯材2の外径と軸穴5の内径は、チゼルの使用中に芯材2が抜け落ちてしまうことを防ぐために略等しく形成されている。芯材2は圧入してもよいが、介在金属3が凝固してしまわない時間内に芯材2を所望の位置に挿入しなければならないので、挿入が短時間で完了する冷やし嵌めが好適である。   Subsequently, the core material 2 is inserted into the shaft hole 5. The outer diameter of the core material 2 and the inner diameter of the shaft hole 5 are formed substantially equal to prevent the core material 2 from falling off during use of the chisel. Although the core material 2 may be press-fitted, the core material 2 must be inserted into a desired position within a time period in which the intervening metal 3 does not solidify, so that a cold fit that completes the insertion in a short time is suitable. is there.

冷やし嵌めは、芯材2を液体窒素等の超低温液体に浸漬し冷却され、収縮状態の該芯材2を軸穴5に挿入することによって行う。芯材2を直径に対する一定時間液体窒素に浸漬すれば、直径が数十ミクロン収縮するので、挿入時には抵抗なく、芯材の底部が軸穴底部にある介在金属3に到達する。ここで、冷却された芯材2は常温の雰囲気に曝されると直ちに膨張を始めるので、迅速に挿入作業を行う必要がある。本実施例であれば、液体窒素から取り出した後、数秒程度で挿入が完了すればよい。その後芯材2が膨張して軸穴5との隙間がなくなると、芯材2はチゼル本体1の締結力によって保持され、軸穴5から抜け落ちてしまうことはない。   The cold fitting is performed by immersing the core material 2 in an ultra-low temperature liquid such as liquid nitrogen and cooling, and inserting the contracted core material 2 into the shaft hole 5. If the core material 2 is immersed in liquid nitrogen for a certain period of time with respect to the diameter, the diameter contracts by several tens of microns. Therefore, when inserted, the bottom of the core material reaches the intervening metal 3 at the bottom of the shaft hole without resistance. Here, since the cooled core material 2 starts to expand immediately when exposed to a normal temperature atmosphere, it is necessary to perform an insertion operation quickly. In this embodiment, the insertion may be completed within a few seconds after the liquid nitrogen is taken out. Thereafter, when the core material 2 expands and the gap with the shaft hole 5 disappears, the core material 2 is held by the fastening force of the chisel body 1 and does not fall out of the shaft hole 5.

介在金属3が形成される手順を説明する。図2は芯材底面部の断面図である。軸穴底部まで芯材2が挿入がされており、チゼルが使用可能な状態である。まず、超低温液体に浸漬し冷却された芯材2を軸穴5に挿入して、芯材2の底面が溶融状態の介在金属3に到達すると、介在金属3は芯材2の形状に沿って流動する。通常の雰囲気下で芯材2が膨張し、チゼル本体1に密着する迄には、介在金属3の一部は曲面状の芯材底面部の周縁23から芯材2の側面部空間51にも入り込む。   A procedure for forming the intervening metal 3 will be described. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the bottom surface of the core material. The core material 2 is inserted to the bottom of the shaft hole, and the chisel can be used. First, the core material 2 immersed and cooled in the ultra-low temperature liquid is inserted into the shaft hole 5, and when the bottom surface of the core material 2 reaches the molten intervening metal 3, the intervening metal 3 follows the shape of the core material 2. To flow. Until the core material 2 expands and adheres to the chisel body 1 under a normal atmosphere, a part of the intervening metal 3 passes from the peripheral edge 23 of the bottom surface of the curved core material to the side space 51 of the core material 2. Get in.

このように芯入りチゼルが構成されていれば、介在金属3の形状は芯材2の底部の形状と軸穴5の形状とに完全に沿っているため、軸穴5と芯材2の形状に微細な不整合があったとしても、チゼル使用時に、衝撃が芯材2の特定の部分に集中してしまうことがない。さらに、芯材2の底部全体のみならず近傍の側部の一部も介在金属3によって覆われるので、衝撃が軸方向からずれて斜め方向に加わった場合でも、衝撃を受ける芯材2の底部の一点に応力が集中することがなく、底部付近の側部から発生する破壊を防止することができる。なお、従来の芯入りチゼルでは、使用開始後2週間以内に約2〜3割のチゼルが破壊するが、本発明によって製造された芯入りチゼルは、使用を開始してから3ヶ月後において破壊事例がないという、顕著な効果がみられている。   If the cored chisel is configured in this way, the shape of the intervening metal 3 is completely in line with the shape of the bottom of the core material 2 and the shape of the shaft hole 5. Even if there is a minute mismatch, the impact does not concentrate on a specific portion of the core material 2 when the chisel is used. Furthermore, since not only the entire bottom part of the core material 2 but also a part of the side part in the vicinity thereof is covered with the intervening metal 3, even if the impact is shifted from the axial direction and applied in an oblique direction, the bottom part of the core material 2 that receives the impact No stress is concentrated on one point, and breakage that occurs from the side near the bottom can be prevented. In addition, in the conventional cored chisel, about 20 to 30% of the chisel is destroyed within two weeks after the start of use. There is a remarkable effect that there is no case.

本発明のチゼルの側面図である。It is a side view of the chisel of this invention. 本発明のチゼルの芯材底面部の側面図である。It is a side view of the core part bottom face part of the chisel of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 チゼル本体
2 芯材
3 介在金属
5 軸穴
51 側面部空間
22 軸心底面部
23 周縁
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Chisel body 2 Core material 3 Intervening metal 5 Shaft hole 51 Side part space 22 Shaft center bottom part 23 Periphery

Claims (1)

岩盤、堅土床、コンクリート等、硬質の対象物のブレーカに用いられる芯入りチゼルの製造方法であって、
チゼル本体の軸方向に設けられた軸穴の底部に、前記チゼル本体並びに前記軸穴に挿入される芯材と比較して軟質かつ融点が低い物性を有する溶融した非鉄金属を流入し、前記非鉄金属が溶融している間に、液体窒素に浸漬し冷却され収縮状態の前記芯材を前記軸穴に、前記芯材の底部が前記軸穴の底部にある溶融した非鉄金属に到達するまで挿入することにより、その後、前記非鉄金属は、前記芯材の底部と前記軸穴の底部の形状の不整合から生じる隙間および前記芯材の側面部の空間を充填した状態で凝固することを特徴とする芯入りチゼルの製造方法。
A method of manufacturing a cored chisel used for a breaker of a hard object such as a bedrock, hard earth floor, concrete,
A molten nonferrous metal having a physical property that is softer and lower in melting point than the chisel body and the core material inserted into the shaft hole flows into the bottom of the axial hole provided in the axial direction of the chisel body, While the metal is melting, insert the core material that has been immersed in liquid nitrogen and cooled and contracted into the shaft hole until the bottom of the core material reaches the molten nonferrous metal at the bottom of the shaft hole. By doing so, the non-ferrous metal is then solidified in a state of filling a gap resulting from a mismatch between the shape of the bottom of the core and the bottom of the shaft hole and a space of the side of the core. A method for manufacturing a chisel with a core.
JP2004056859A 2004-03-01 2004-03-01 Centered chisel and method for manufacturing the same Expired - Fee Related JP4209346B2 (en)

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JP4209346B2 true JP4209346B2 (en) 2009-01-14

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