JP4204424B2 - Porous elastic pavement material and method for producing porous elastic pavement panel using the porous elastic pavement material - Google Patents
Porous elastic pavement material and method for producing porous elastic pavement panel using the porous elastic pavement material Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、多孔質弾性舗装材及びその多孔質弾性舗装材を用いた多孔質弾性舗装用パネルの作製方法に関し、特に、透水性を長期にわたって維持可能で、かつ、自動車の走行騒音を低減可能であって、さらには、リサイクル容易で、安価に敷設可能である車道用多孔質弾性舗装材及びその多孔質弾性舗装材を用いた多孔質弾性舗装用パネルの作製方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a porous elastic pavement material and a method for producing a porous elastic pavement panel using the porous elastic pavement material. In particular, the water permeability can be maintained over a long period of time and the driving noise of an automobile can be reduced. Further, the present invention relates to a porous elastic pavement material for roadways that can be easily recycled and can be laid at low cost, and a method for producing a porous elastic pavement panel using the porous elastic pavement material.
従来から、以下のような舗装が知られている。
第一に、弾性舗装として、ゴムチップをウレタン系バインダーで結合して敷設したものが知られている。この舗装は、その高い弾性力及び衝撃吸収性から、歩道や競技用トラックに使用されている。
Conventionally, the following pavements are known.
First, an elastic pavement in which rubber chips are bonded with a urethane binder and laid is known. This pavement is used for sidewalks and competition tracks because of its high elasticity and shock absorption.
第二に、多孔質舗装として、砂、砂利等の硬質骨材の充填量を調整し、路面表面から路面下層へ通じる空隙を有する状態でアスファルトをバインダーとして用いて結合し、敷設したものも知られている。この舗装は、上記空隙により下層へ雨水を透過させる機能、すなわち透水性を有するため、路面に水が溜まらないので、スリップやハイドロプレーニング等を起こしづらく、安全性が高いこと、また、タイヤが路面接触することにより発生する騒音を上記空隙が吸収するため、低騒音化が図れることから、近年普及が著しい。 Secondly, it is also known as a porous pavement where the filling amount of hard aggregate such as sand, gravel, etc. is adjusted, and asphalt is used as a binder in a state where there is a gap leading from the road surface to the road surface lower layer, and laid. It has been. This pavement has a function of allowing rainwater to permeate to the lower layer through the gap, that is, water permeability, so that water does not collect on the road surface, so it is difficult to cause slip and hydroplaning, etc., and safety is high. Since the air gap absorbs the noise generated by the contact, the noise can be reduced.
なお、路面に雨水を溜めない舗装技術として、上記した技術の他に、コンクリート等の非透水性舗装基礎の上層として多孔質舗装を施工し、非透水性舗装基礎上に雨水を集めて、別途設けた排水機構により排水する所謂排水性舗装技術もあるが、本明細書中では、この排水性舗装技術も本発明でいう透水性の舗装技術のカテゴリーに含まれるものとする。 As a pavement technology that does not collect rainwater on the road surface, in addition to the technology described above, porous pavement is constructed as the upper layer of non-permeable pavement foundation such as concrete, rainwater is collected on the non-permeable pavement foundation, separately Although there is a so-called drainage pavement technique for draining with the provided drainage mechanism, this drainage pavement technique is also included in the category of the water-permeable pavement technique referred to in the present invention.
第三に、最近、上記２つの特質を併せ持つものとして、硬質骨材とゴムチップ等の弾性骨材とを混合し、充填量を調節して路面表面から路面下層へ通じる空隙を有する状態でウレタン系バインダーにて結合した多孔質弾性舗装材が提案されている（例えば、特許文献１〜３参照。）。
しかしながら、上記したような第一の従来技術の舗装の場合、歩道、競技用トラック等に施工されているけれども、弾性が大きく、荷重に対するたわみが大きく、また、強度も低いため、車道用の舗装材として使用することはできない。 However, in the case of the first prior art pavement as described above, it is constructed on sidewalks, competition tracks, etc., but it has high elasticity, large deflection against load, and low strength. It cannot be used as a material.
第二の従来技術の舗装の場合、硬質であるアスファルト舗装に空隙を設けた状態で敷設したものであるので、空隙による透水性／排水性を有すると共に、上記空隙が騒音吸収効果を有することが知られている。しかしながら、タイヤと硬い路面とが接触するため、打撃音の吸収には寄与するが、打撃音の発生抑制には寄与しないので、走行騒音の低減には限界がある。また、長期にわたって使用された場合には、空隙に埃やゴミがつまって、透水性や騒音吸収性が低下するので、定期的なクリーニングが必要になるという問題がある。 In the case of the second prior art pavement, since it is laid in a state where a gap is provided in a hard asphalt pavement, the gap has water permeability / drainage, and the gap may have a noise absorbing effect. Are known. However, since the tire and the hard road surface are in contact with each other, it contributes to the absorption of the impact sound, but does not contribute to the suppression of the occurrence of the impact sound. In addition, when used over a long period of time, dust and dirt are clogged in the gaps, and the water permeability and noise absorption are reduced, so that there is a problem that regular cleaning is required.
第三の従来技術の場合、硬質骨材と軟質骨材とウレタン系バインダーとを混合したものであり、適当な割合で混合することにより車道に使用するに足る強度を確保することができ、また、硬質骨材単独に比べて表層が柔らかいため、タイヤとの打撃音の発生を抑制でき、空隙の存在と相まって、走行騒音の低減が図れる。 この第三の従来技術の場合、さらに、車輌走行時の路面自体の弾性変形、タイヤから受ける打撃力、及び空隙上を移動するタイヤの吸い出し効果によって、空隙につまった埃やゴミを排除する効果もあるため、長期にわたって透水性や騒音吸収性が持続する。 In the case of the third prior art, a hard aggregate, a soft aggregate, and a urethane binder are mixed, and by mixing at an appropriate ratio, sufficient strength to be used on a roadway can be secured. Since the surface layer is softer than that of the hard aggregate alone, it is possible to suppress the generation of striking sound with the tire, and in combination with the presence of the air gap, the running noise can be reduced. In the case of this third prior art, further, the effect of eliminating dust and dirt trapped in the air gap by elastic deformation of the road surface itself during vehicle travel, the impact force received from the tire, and the suction effect of the tire moving over the air gap Therefore, water permeability and noise absorption are maintained for a long time.
しかしながら、上記舗装材に使用されるウレタン系バインダーとしては、熱硬化性又は湿気硬化性ウレタン樹脂があるが、一方の熱硬化性ウレタン系バインダーにおいては、必要硬度を得るために、通常１２０℃以上の加熱設備と共に、全体が硬化するまで定温にて加熱する必要があるので、温度調節設備が必要であり、他方、湿気硬化性ウレタン系バインダーにおいては、必要硬度を得るための湿度管理が難しく、混合する骨材の含有湿気にも硬化時間が影響されるので、湿度管理設備が必要であるうえ、促進剤等を添加して、急速な硬化をさせると硬化に偏りが生じ易いので、相当に長い硬化時間が必要となり、生産性が悪い。 However, as the urethane binder used for the paving material, there is a thermosetting or moisture curable urethane resin. In one thermosetting urethane binder, in order to obtain the required hardness, usually 120 ° C. or higher. With the heating equipment, it is necessary to heat at a constant temperature until the whole is cured, so a temperature control equipment is necessary.On the other hand, in the moisture curable urethane binder, it is difficult to manage the humidity to obtain the required hardness, Since the curing time is also affected by the moisture content of the aggregate to be mixed, a humidity control facility is required, and if curing is performed quickly by adding an accelerator or the like, the curing tends to be biased. Long curing time is required and productivity is poor.
また、一般に、ウレタン系バインダーは、その製造過程において、有毒な硬化剤の使用や、発ガン性、有毒性のガスや溶液を生じることになるものが多いため、防毒設備が必要となる。
従って、ウレタン系バインダーを用いた舗装は、ウレタン系バインダーの素材自体が相当に高価であるうえ、その製造にあたっては、上記加熱設備、温度調節設備あるいは湿気調節設備、防毒設備等が必要であり、製造コストも相当に高いので、施工単価が非常に高くつくものであった。
In general, urethane-based binders often use a toxic curing agent and generate carcinogenic and toxic gases and solutions in the production process, so that a gas-proof facility is required.
Therefore, the pavement using the urethane-based binder, the material itself of the urethane-based binder itself is considerably expensive, and in the production thereof, the heating equipment, the temperature control equipment or the humidity control equipment, the gas-proofing equipment, etc. are necessary. Since the manufacturing cost is considerably high, the construction unit cost is very high.
また、上記加熱設備、温度調節設備あるいは湿気調節設備、防毒設備等が必要となるため、現場施工は非常に難しいものであった。
さらに、上記した従来のアスファルト舗装や多孔質舗装の場合は、路面刷新の際に生じる古くなった舗装材を粉砕して再度硬質骨材としてリサイクル可能であるが、上記従来の多孔質弾性舗装材は、熱硬化性あるいは湿気硬化性樹脂であるウレタン系バインダーと硬質骨材とゴム等の軟質骨材とからなるため、舗装用骨材へのリサイクルが難しいので、産業廃棄物として処理するしかないという問題もある。
In addition, since the heating equipment, temperature control equipment, humidity control equipment, gas-proofing equipment, and the like are necessary, construction on site is very difficult.
Furthermore, in the case of the conventional asphalt pavement and porous pavement described above, the old pavement material generated at the time of road surface renewal can be crushed and recycled as a hard aggregate again. Because it consists of a urethane binder, which is a thermosetting or moisture curable resin, hard aggregate, and soft aggregate such as rubber, it is difficult to recycle to paving aggregate, so it must be treated as industrial waste There is also a problem.
本発明の課題は、上記従来技術の問題点を解決することにあり、透水性を長期にわたって維持可能で、また、自動車等の走行騒音を低減可能であって、さらに、リサイクル容易で、安価に敷設可能である多孔質弾性舗装材及びその多孔質弾性舗装材を用いた多孔質弾性舗装用パネルの作製方法を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, which can maintain water permeability over a long period of time, can reduce running noise of automobiles, etc., and is easy to recycle and inexpensive. An object of the present invention is to provide a porous elastic pavement material that can be laid and a method for producing a porous elastic pavement panel using the porous elastic pavement material.
本発明者らは、上記したような従来技術の問題点を解決すべく、鋭意研究を重ねた結果、バインダーとして熱可塑性を有する素材を配合することにより、所望の効果が得られることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
本発明の多孔質弾性舗装材は、弾性骨材又は弾性骨材と硬質骨材との混合骨材、及びこれら骨材を結合するバインダーからなり、上記骨材間に空隙が設けられた透水性を備えた多孔質弾性舗装材において、上記バインダーとして熱可塑性バインダーを用いるものである。
As a result of intensive studies to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, the present inventors have found that a desired effect can be obtained by blending a material having thermoplasticity as a binder. The present invention has been completed.
The porous elastic pavement of the present invention comprises an elastic aggregate or a mixed aggregate of an elastic aggregate and a hard aggregate, and a binder that binds these aggregates, and has a water permeability provided with a gap between the aggregates. In the porous elastic pavement material provided with a thermoplastic binder as the binder.
上記硬質骨材の全骨材に対する割合が０〜２０体積％であり、上記熱可塑性バインダーの全骨材に対する割合が５〜４０体積％であることが好ましい。
上記熱可塑性バインダーは、特に制限されないが、例えば、ポリエチレン、エチレン酢酸ビニル樹脂、アスファルトから選ばれた少なくとも一種であることが好ましい。これらのバインダーは安価であるため、施工単価を著しく低減することができる。
The ratio of the hard aggregate to the total aggregate is preferably 0 to 20% by volume, and the ratio of the thermoplastic binder to the total aggregate is preferably 5 to 40% by volume.
The thermoplastic binder is not particularly limited, but is preferably at least one selected from, for example, polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate resin, and asphalt. Since these binders are inexpensive, the construction unit cost can be significantly reduced.
本発明に係る多孔質弾性舗装材においては、上記したように、硬質骨材を用いなくとも、弾性骨材と熱可塑性バインダーとを配合すれば、所期の目的を達成することができるが、例えば、車道用舗装として適用する場合には、舗装面の強度アップや表面摩擦係数を調整して、タイヤと路面との摩擦力をさらに向上させるために、硬質骨材を配合した方が良い。しかし、硬質骨材の割合が２０体積％を超えると、所望の弾性が達成できず、自動車等の走行騒音の低減効果が劣るようになる。 In the porous elastic pavement according to the present invention, as described above, the desired object can be achieved by blending an elastic aggregate and a thermoplastic binder without using a hard aggregate, For example, when applied as road pavement, it is better to blend hard aggregates in order to further improve the frictional force between the tire and the road surface by adjusting the strength of the pavement surface and adjusting the surface friction coefficient. However, if the ratio of hard aggregates exceeds 20% by volume, desired elasticity cannot be achieved, and the effect of reducing running noise of automobiles and the like becomes inferior.
また、熱可塑性バインダーの配合割合が５体積％未満であると骨材同士の結合が不十分であり、その結果、透水性を長期にわたって維持することが困難となり、さらには、自動車の走行騒音の低減効果が劣るようになる。また、その配合割合が４０体積％を超えると余分なバインダーが空隙を詰まらせる原因となる。 Further, if the blending ratio of the thermoplastic binder is less than 5% by volume, the aggregates are not sufficiently bonded to each other. As a result, it is difficult to maintain the water permeability over a long period of time. The reduction effect becomes inferior. Moreover, when the mixture ratio exceeds 40 volume%, an excess binder will cause a clogging of a space | gap.
さらに、弾性骨材又は弾性骨材と硬質骨材との混合骨材に架橋剤を配合し、この骨材を溶融した熱可塑性バインダーに混合することとしたものであっても良い。架橋剤を加えた場合には、溶融した熱可塑性バインダー自体の熱、或いは外部からの加熱によって、主として弾性骨材としてのゴム又はエラストマー間に化学反応が生じ、架橋構造が形成される。このため、施工後において、車両の走行荷重に対応して繰り返し変形する弾性骨材間の結合強度を高めることができるので、舗装としての耐久性を高めることが可能となる。また、結合強度を維持しながらバインダーの量を少なくすることができるので、空隙率を高めることができ、透水性の高い舗装をすることができる。 Further, a cross-linking agent may be blended in the elastic aggregate or the mixed aggregate of the elastic aggregate and the hard aggregate, and the aggregate may be mixed with the molten thermoplastic binder. When a cross-linking agent is added, a chemical reaction occurs mainly between rubber or elastomer as an elastic aggregate due to the heat of the molten thermoplastic binder itself or from the outside, and a cross-linked structure is formed. For this reason, after construction, since it is possible to increase the bonding strength between elastic aggregates that repeatedly deform in response to the running load of the vehicle, it is possible to increase the durability as pavement. Moreover, since the amount of the binder can be reduced while maintaining the bonding strength, the porosity can be increased and paving with high water permeability can be achieved.
本発明の多孔質弾性舗装材の作製方法は、溶融した熱可塑性バインダーに弾性骨材又は弾性骨材と硬質骨材との混合骨材を混合して混合物を得、この混合物を所定の型枠内に充填し、型枠を加圧して多孔質弾性舗装用パネルを成型し、次いで、多孔質弾性舗装用パネルを冷却して多孔質弾性舗装材を得る方法であって、上記弾性骨材又は弾性骨材と硬質骨材との混合骨材が、弾性骨材間に架橋構造を形成する架橋剤を配合したものである。 In the method for producing a porous elastic pavement material of the present invention, a molten thermoplastic binder or a mixed aggregate of an elastic aggregate and a hard aggregate is mixed with a molten thermoplastic binder to obtain a mixture, and this mixture is used as a predetermined formwork. Filling the inside, pressurizing the mold to mold a porous elastic pavement panel, and then cooling the porous elastic pavement panel to obtain a porous elastic pavement , the elastic aggregate or A mixed aggregate of elastic aggregate and hard aggregate is a mixture of a crosslinking agent that forms a crosslinked structure between elastic aggregates .
また、上記多孔質弾性舗装材作製方法において、硬質骨材、弾性骨材、熱可塑性バインダーのバージン素材を使用する代わりに、一旦上記作製方法によって成型して得られた多孔質弾性舗装材、又は舗装として使用後回収した多孔質弾性舗装材を、粉砕して得られるリサイクル材に、弾性骨材間に架橋構造を形成する架橋材を追加混入させたものを加熱して、リサイクル材に含有された熱可塑性バインダーを溶融させ、新たな混合物を得、上記と同様な作製方法によってパネル状の多孔質弾性舗装材を得ることもできる。本発明に係る多孔質弾性舗装材においては、熱可塑性バインダーを用いているので、路面刷新時に生じる古くなった多孔質弾性舗装材を回収し粉砕し、軟化又は溶融する程度に加熱することによって、再度、多孔質弾性舗装材の原料として利用することができるのである。 Further, in the porous elastic pavement preparation method, instead of using a hard aggregate, elastic aggregate, a virgin material of a thermoplastic binder, a porous elastic pavement obtained by molding once by the above preparation method, or It is contained in the recycled material by heating the porous elastic pavement material collected after use as pavement, which is obtained by crushing the recycled material obtained by pulverizing the cross-linked material that forms a crosslinked structure between the elastic aggregates. It is also possible to melt the thermoplastic binder to obtain a new mixture, and to obtain a panel-like porous elastic pavement material by the same production method as described above. In the porous elastic pavement according to the present invention, since a thermoplastic binder is used, by collecting and pulverizing the old porous elastic pavement generated at the time of road surface renewal, and heating it to the extent that it softens or melts, Again, it can be used as a raw material for porous elastic paving materials.
本発明の多孔質弾性舗装材によれば、バインダーとして、所定の熱可塑性バインダーを使用しているので、透水性を長期にわたって維持可能で、かつ、自動車の走行騒音を低減可能でありながら、多孔質弾性舗装材から多孔質弾性舗装材への原料リサイクルが容易であり、コスト的に安価に製造可能である上、廃材を減らすことができる。
また、常温にて柔軟性を有するポリエチレン、エチレン酢酸ビニル樹脂を熱可塑性バインダーとして用いた場合には、バインダーと弾性骨材との間の接合が長期にわたり破壊し難い多孔質弾性舗装材とすることができる。
According to the porous elastic pavement material of the present invention, since a predetermined thermoplastic binder is used as a binder, water permeability can be maintained over a long period of time, and while the running noise of an automobile can be reduced, it is porous. The raw material can be easily recycled from the high-quality elastic pavement material to the porous elastic pavement material, and can be manufactured at low cost, and the waste material can be reduced.
In addition, when polyethylene or ethylene vinyl acetate resin, which has flexibility at room temperature, is used as the thermoplastic binder, it should be a porous elastic pavement that is difficult to break for a long time between the binder and the elastic aggregate. Can do.
さらに、熱可塑性バインダーと骨材との混合の際に、架橋剤を追加混合することによって、弾性骨材とバインダーとの間の接合強度がより高い多孔質弾性舗装材とすることができる。
本発明の多孔質弾性舗装材パネル作製方法によれば、多孔質弾性舗装材を安価で簡単に作製できると共に、ウレタン系バインダーを用いる場合と比較して、安全に現場施工が可能である。
Further, when the thermoplastic binder and the aggregate are mixed, a porous elastic paving material having a higher bonding strength between the elastic aggregate and the binder can be obtained by additionally mixing a crosslinking agent.
According to the method for producing a porous elastic pavement panel of the present invention, the porous elastic pavement material can be easily produced at a low cost, and can be safely constructed in the field as compared with the case of using a urethane binder.
本発明の多孔質弾性舗装材は、上記したように、硬質骨材、弾性骨材、熱可塑性バインダー、及び架橋剤等を所望により選択し、所定の割合で配合したものである。図１に、この多孔質弾性舗装材の一実施の形態の断面を模式的に示す。多孔質弾性舗装材１は、図１に示すように、その上面から下面に連通する空隙を有した状態で、硬質骨材２、弾性骨材３と図示せぬ熱可塑性バインダーとで構成されている。
As described above, the porous elastic pavement material of the present invention is a hard aggregate, an elastic aggregate, a thermoplastic binder, a cross-linking agent, and the like selected as desired and blended at a predetermined ratio. In FIG. 1, the cross section of one Embodiment of this porous elastic paving material is shown typically. As shown in FIG. 1, the porous elastic pavement 1 is composed of a
本発明において用いる硬質骨材は、特に制限されるわけではなく、通常、路面の舗装の際に使用されるものが全て配合可能である。例えば、川砂、川砂利、珪砂等からなる天然骨材や砕石やスラグ、セラミック等からなる人工骨材を使用することができる。後述する所望の空隙率を得るためには、特に０．５〜３０ｍｍ程度の粒径を有する砂や、珪砂等を用いることが好ましく、また、舗装面の強度アップや表面摩擦係数の調整のためには珪砂が好ましい。 The hard aggregate used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and all of those usually used for road surface paving can be blended. For example, natural aggregates made of river sand, river gravel, quartz sand, etc., and artificial aggregates made of crushed stone, slag, ceramics or the like can be used. In order to obtain the desired porosity described later, it is particularly preferable to use sand having a particle size of about 0.5 to 30 mm, silica sand, etc., and for increasing the strength of the pavement surface and adjusting the surface friction coefficient. For this, silica sand is preferred.
本発明において用いる弾性骨材は、従来技術の多孔質弾性舗装材中に配合されたものは全て使用可能である。例えば、天然ゴムや、合成ゴムを含むエラストマー等を用いることができ、バージンゴムから作製したゴム粉や、再生ゴム粉等のゴム粉、ゴムチップ等を用いることが好ましい。これらの中でも、廃タイヤや廃チューブ等の加硫済みゴム製品を機械的に粉砕して作製された再生ゴム粉がコスト面からは最も好ましい。使用する弾性骨材の粒径は、空隙率や粗密強度との関係から、一般に１０ｍｍ以下、好ましくは１．４〜３．３ｍｍ程度の範囲のものである。 As the elastic aggregate used in the present invention, any blended material in the porous elastic pavement of the prior art can be used. For example, natural rubber, an elastomer containing synthetic rubber, or the like can be used, and it is preferable to use rubber powder made from virgin rubber, rubber powder such as recycled rubber powder, rubber chip, or the like. Among these, regenerated rubber powder produced by mechanically pulverizing vulcanized rubber products such as waste tires and waste tubes is most preferable from the viewpoint of cost. The particle size of the elastic aggregate to be used is generally 10 mm or less, preferably in the range of about 1.4 to 3.3 mm, because of the relationship with the porosity and the density density.
また、本発明における熱可塑性バインダーとしては、上記したように、ポリエチレンやエチレン酢酸ビニル樹脂、アスファルトを単独又は任意の割合で組み合わせて用いることが好ましいが、舗装適用地における路面温度を超える軟化点を有するものであれば、他の熱可塑性素材を用いることもできる。例えば、ポリプロピレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリスチレン、ＡＢＳ樹脂、ポリアセタール、ポリイミド、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリカーボネート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート等を単独で又は混合して用いることができる。再生ポリエチレンや再生エチレン酢酸ビニル樹脂を用いることがコスト面から最も好ましい。 In addition, as described above, as the thermoplastic binder in the present invention, it is preferable to use polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate resin, or asphalt alone or in combination at an arbitrary ratio, but the softening point exceeding the road surface temperature in the pavement application site. Other thermoplastic materials can be used as long as they have them. For example, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, ABS resin, polyacetal, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polybutylene terephthalate, or the like can be used alone or in combination. The use of recycled polyethylene or recycled ethylene vinyl acetate resin is most preferable from the viewpoint of cost.
上記バインダー中、特に、ポリエチレン、エチレン酢酸ビニル樹脂は、バージン素材を用いても良いことはもちろんであるが、容器等から得られるリサイクル素材を用いても良い。これらのリサイクル素材は、バージン素材よりも安価に入手可能であり、施工単価をさらに低減することができる。
また、ポリエチレン、エチレン酢酸ビニル樹脂は、弾性骨材と硬質骨材との中間の硬度を有し、比較的柔軟性を有するため、施工後において、車両の荷重に対応して変形する弾性骨材に追従しやすいので、弾性骨材とバインダーとの間で接合が破壊されづらく、剥離が生じ難い。
Among the binders, in particular, polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate resin may use virgin materials, but may also use recycled materials obtained from containers and the like. These recycled materials are available at a lower cost than virgin materials, and the construction unit cost can be further reduced.
In addition, polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate resins have intermediate hardness between elastic aggregates and hard aggregates, and are relatively flexible, so that elastic aggregates that deform after construction according to the load of the vehicle Therefore, it is difficult for the joint between the elastic aggregate and the binder to be broken, and peeling does not easily occur.
本発明の多孔質弾性舗装材ではバインダーとして熱可塑性バインダーが使用されているため、この舗装材を機械粉砕して細粉化し、これを再度加熱すれば熱可塑性バインダーが溶融して再度バインダーとして機能するので、作製された多孔質弾性舗装材自体を、多孔質弾性舗装材の原料として使用することが可能である。
なお、本発明の多孔質弾性舗装材では、上記配合成分以外にも、舗装面の強度アップや表面摩擦係数の調整のために、ウレタン樹脂等を配合しても良い。
In the porous elastic pavement material of the present invention, a thermoplastic binder is used as a binder. Therefore, if this pavement material is mechanically pulverized into fine powder and heated again, the thermoplastic binder melts and functions as a binder again. Therefore, the produced porous elastic pavement material itself can be used as a raw material for the porous elastic pavement material.
In addition, in the porous elastic pavement material of this invention, you may mix | blend a urethane resin etc. in order to raise the intensity | strength of a pavement surface and adjustment of a surface friction coefficient besides the said compounding component.
溶融した熱可塑性バインダーに骨材を混合する際、架橋剤をあらかじめ配合した骨材を混合すれば、溶融した熱可塑性バインダー自体の熱、又は外部からさらに加熱することによって、弾性骨材間、或いは弾性骨材と熱可塑性バインダーとの間に架橋結合が形成され、高い強度を有する多孔質弾性舗装材を得ることができる。特に、架橋剤として、イオウを用いた場合には、化学構造に２重結合を有する素材間、すなわち弾性骨材間に架橋反応が生じるので、イオウをあらかじめ弾性骨材に塗したうえで、混合することが好ましい。さらに、架橋反応が生じない温度で溶融する熱可塑性バインダーを用いる場合には、加圧成型時に加熱することで、架橋反応を生じせしめることができる。 When the aggregate is mixed with the molten thermoplastic binder, if the aggregate pre-mixed with the crosslinking agent is mixed, the heat of the molten thermoplastic binder itself, or further heating from the outside, between the elastic aggregates, or A cross-linking bond is formed between the elastic aggregate and the thermoplastic binder, and a porous elastic pavement having high strength can be obtained. In particular, when sulfur is used as a cross-linking agent, a cross-linking reaction occurs between materials having a double bond in the chemical structure, that is, between elastic aggregates. It is preferable to do. Furthermore, when using a thermoplastic binder that melts at a temperature at which no cross-linking reaction occurs, the cross-linking reaction can be caused by heating during pressure molding.
この場合、架橋反応が終了する時間内に加圧成型を終わらせる必要があるので、架橋剤とともに所定量の架橋促進剤又は架橋遅延剤を必要に応じて混入する。
上記架橋剤は、既知の架橋剤を使用でき、弾性骨材の種類に応じて使用することが望ましいが、ゴム粉等の種類を判定しづらい素材を使用する場合には、弾性素材の種類に影響され難いイオウを使用することが好ましい。架橋剤の使用量は、架橋結合が形成されるのに十分な量であればよい。
In this case, since it is necessary to finish the pressure molding within the time when the cross-linking reaction is completed, a predetermined amount of cross-linking accelerator or cross-linking retarder is mixed together with the cross-linking agent as necessary.
The cross-linking agent can be a known cross-linking agent and is preferably used according to the type of elastic aggregate, but when using a material that is difficult to determine the type such as rubber powder, the type of elastic material It is preferable to use sulfur which is not easily affected. The amount of the crosslinking agent used may be an amount sufficient to form a crosslinked bond.
また、成形完了した多孔質弾性舗装材に対して、電子線を照射することによって、熱可塑性バインダーに架橋反応を生じせしめることができ、より強度の高い多孔質弾性舗装材を得ることができる。電子線照射は、電子線の透過性がさほど高くないため、厚ものには向かないが、少なくとも表層面、すなわち自動車走行面に対して、電子線照射を行うことにより、表面強度を高くできるので、耐久性を向上させることができる。なお、架橋効果を高めるため、成形完了直後の残存熱がある時間内に電子線照射を行うことが好ましい。 Moreover, by irradiating an electron beam with respect to the molded porous elastic pavement, a crosslinking reaction can be caused in the thermoplastic binder, and a porous elastic pavement with higher strength can be obtained. Electron beam irradiation is not suitable for thick materials because electron beam transmission is not so high, but surface strength can be increased by performing electron beam irradiation on at least the surface layer, that is, the automobile running surface. , Durability can be improved. In order to enhance the crosslinking effect, it is preferable to perform electron beam irradiation within a certain period of time after the completion of molding.
本発明の多孔質弾性舗装材の原料としてリサイクル材を利用する際には、所望により、硬質骨材、弾性骨材、熱可塑性バインダー、及び架橋剤のうち少なくとも一種類を所定量追加配合しても良い。
本発明の多孔質弾性舗装材は、１５〜４０％の空隙率を有するものが好ましいが、この空隙率は、一定体積の多孔質弾性舗装材とこの多孔質弾性舗装材中に含まれる連続空隙との体積比であると定義される。この計算式は、次式の通りである。
When using recycled material as a raw material for the porous elastic pavement material of the present invention, if desired, at least one of hard aggregate, elastic aggregate, thermoplastic binder, and cross-linking agent may be added in a predetermined amount. Also good.
The porous elastic pavement material of the present invention preferably has a porosity of 15 to 40%, but this porosity is determined by the constant volume of the porous elastic pavement material and the continuous void contained in the porous elastic pavement material. And is defined as the volume ratio. This calculation formula is as follows.
空隙率(％) ＝ (Ｖ−Ｖｃ)／Ｖ ｘ １００
Ｖ：試験片の体積（ｃｍ３）
Ｖｃ：独立空隙を含む骨材の体積（ｃｍ３）
この空隙率は、本発明に係る多孔質弾性舗装材で施工する道路の適用条件に応じて、すなわち、高速道路、幹線道路、或いは住宅近隣車道に適用するかなどの適用条件に応じて、必要強度や必要透水率のバランスを考慮し、充填率の調整によって適宜調整されるものである。この空隙率が１５％未満であると、透水性が低く、吸音性も悪く、所望の弾性を達成することができず、また、４０％を超えると柔らかくなりすぎて、舗装強度を達成することが困難となる。
Porosity (%) = (V−Vc) / V x 100
V: Volume of test piece (cm 3 )
Vc: Volume of aggregate including independent voids (cm 3 )
This porosity is necessary according to the application conditions of the road constructed with the porous elastic pavement according to the present invention, that is, according to the application conditions such as whether to apply to a highway, a main road, or a residential roadway near the house. In consideration of the balance between strength and necessary water permeability, the filling rate is adjusted as appropriate. If the porosity is less than 15%, the water permeability is low, the sound absorption is poor, the desired elasticity cannot be achieved, and if it exceeds 40%, it becomes too soft to achieve pavement strength. It becomes difficult.
本発明に係る多孔質弾性舗装材は、施工現場にて、下地処理した舗装基礎上に枠木を組むなどして設けた型枠に、弾性骨材、あるいは弾性骨材及び硬質骨材の混合骨材と加熱溶融させた熱可塑性バインダーとを混合して得た混合物を適当な空隙率で適用した後、加圧成型し、冷却硬化させて施工することができる。しかしながら、現場施工は、長時間の通行止めをする必要があるうえ、交通量の少ない夜間等に施工時間が偏るため、渋滞に伴う経済的損失や夜間工事の人件費等が高くつくため、極力現場における施工時間が短くできるプレキャスト工法が好ましい。
プレキャスト工法とは、舗装材をあらかじめ工場にてパネル状に成型し、施工現場にて配置施工する工法であり、以下に具体例を説明する。
The porous elastic pavement according to the present invention is an elastic aggregate, or a mixture of an elastic aggregate and a hard aggregate, on a formwork provided by, for example, building a frame on a pavement foundation that has been ground-treated at a construction site. After the mixture obtained by mixing the aggregate and the thermoplastic binder heated and melted is applied at an appropriate porosity, it can be pressure-molded and cooled and hardened for application. However, on-site construction needs to be closed for a long time, and construction time is biased to nighttime when traffic is low, resulting in high economic losses due to traffic jams and labor costs for night construction. A precast construction method that can shorten the construction time is preferable.
The precast construction method is a construction method in which a paving material is previously formed into a panel shape at a factory and then placed and constructed at a construction site. A specific example will be described below.
従来公知の方法にて、透水性コンクリート等からなる舗装基礎の表面を切削工及び／又はショットブラストによる研掃工を行い、次いでその表面にプライマー塗布を施すことによって下地処理を行った舗装基礎表面に、本発明に係る多孔質弾性舗装用パネルの製造方法に従って成型したパネル状の多孔質弾性舗装材を碁盤目状に並べて敷設し、接着施工すれば、硬化時間が不要であるため、短時間で施工を終了させることができる。このようにして行った多孔質弾性舗装材の施工状態の一例を図２に示す。図２に示すように、舗装基礎１１上にプライマー１２が設けられ、その上に上記多孔質弾性舗装材１３が敷設されて構成されている。
Surface of pavement foundation that has been surface-treated by cutting and / or shot blasting the surface of pavement foundation made of permeable concrete, etc., and then applying primer to the surface using a conventionally known method In addition, if the panel-like porous elastic pavement molded according to the manufacturing method of the porous elastic pavement panel according to the present invention is laid in a grid pattern and bonded, no curing time is required. The construction can be completed with. An example of the construction state of the porous elastic pavement performed in this way is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the
また、上記舗装基礎は、透水性コンクリートとしたが、舗装基礎を例えば多孔質舗装層と透水性コンクリート層等の多層としても良いし、別途排水設備を設けて非透水性コンクリートとするなどしても良いことは勿論であり、特に限定されるものではない。
なお、プレキャスト工法は、通常、規格形状で行うことがコスト的に好ましいので、道路形状や道路ジョイント、マンホール等の配置によっては、パネル形状が合致しない部位が生じるが、本発明に係る多孔質弾性舗装材は、上記の如く現場施工することもできるので、小面積に限り現場にて施工することで、施工時間を大幅に延長することはない。また、本発明に係る多孔質弾性舗装材は、バインダーの溶融温度まで加熱すれば容易に施工可能になるので、小面積で多数の穴埋め的な施工にも適する。
以下、本発明を実施例及び使用例に基づいて説明する。
Moreover, although the above-mentioned pavement foundation is made of water-permeable concrete, the pavement foundation may be a multilayer such as a porous pavement layer and a water-permeable concrete layer. Of course, there is no particular limitation.
In addition, since it is preferable in terms of cost that the precast method is normally performed in a standard shape, a portion where the panel shape does not match may be generated depending on the arrangement of the road shape, road joint, manhole, etc. Since the pavement material can also be constructed on-site as described above, the construction time is not significantly extended by construction on the site only for a small area. Moreover, since the porous elastic pavement according to the present invention can be easily constructed by heating to the melting temperature of the binder, it is also suitable for a large number of filling constructions with a small area.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on examples and usage examples.
多孔質弾性舗装材を、次のようにして、通常のプレキャスト法で製造した。 まず、熱可塑性バインダーとしてポリエチレン（東ソー株式会社製、商品名：ニポロン−Ｚ、粒径１．４〜３．３ｍｍ）２６体積％を２００℃まで加熱して溶融せしめた。この溶融したポリエチレンと、硬質骨材としての砂（粒径０．５〜３０ｍｍ）９体積％と、弾性骨材としての再生ゴム粉（粒径１．４〜３．３ｍｍ）６５体積％とを混合し、撹拌して、均一な混合物を得た。得られた混合物を、１０００ｘ１０００ｘ３０ｍｍの型枠内に流し込んだ後、加圧成形し、冷却硬化し、脱型して、多孔質弾性舗装材のパネルを得た。得られた舗装材は、図１に示すような断面を有していた。この舗装材の空隙率は３０％であった。また、この舗装材は、その透水性が長期にわたって良好であり、自動車等の走行騒音を低減でき、安価に敷設可能であった。 The porous elastic pavement was manufactured by the usual precast method as follows. First, 26 volume% of polyethylene (trade name: Nipolon-Z, particle size: 1.4 to 3.3 mm, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) as a thermoplastic binder was heated to 200 ° C. and melted. The molten polyethylene, 9% by volume of sand (particle size 0.5 to 30 mm) as a hard aggregate, and 65% by volume of recycled rubber powder (particle size 1.4 to 3.3 mm) as an elastic aggregate Mix and stir to obtain a homogeneous mixture. The obtained mixture was poured into a 1000 × 1000 × 30 mm mold, then pressure-molded, cooled and cured, and demolded to obtain a panel of porous elastic paving material. The obtained pavement had a cross section as shown in FIG. The porosity of this pavement was 30%. In addition, this paving material has good water permeability over a long period of time, can reduce running noise of automobiles, etc., and can be laid at low cost.
本実施例では、多孔質弾性舗装材の各成分の配合割合を上記体積％の構成としたが、特に硬質骨材の割合は、一般道、高速道等使用路面の要求硬度に応じて配合割合及び粒径の混合比を本発明の範囲内で適宜増減することができる。 In this example, the composition ratio of each component of the porous elastic pavement was configured as the above volume%, but the ratio of the hard aggregate in particular was the composition ratio according to the required hardness of the road surface used such as general roads and expressways. In addition, the mixing ratio of the particle diameter can be appropriately increased or decreased within the scope of the present invention.
実施例１において製造したパネル形状の多孔質弾性舗装材を機械粉砕し、粒径３０ｍｍ程度の細粒子化し、これを多孔質弾性舗装材の原料として、実施例１の方法に準じて以下のように処理した。 The panel-shaped porous elastic pavement produced in Example 1 was mechanically pulverized to make fine particles having a particle size of about 30 mm, and this was used as a raw material for the porous elastic pavement in accordance with the method of Example 1 as follows. Processed.
上記のようにして得た細粒子を加熱して中に含まれているポリエチレンを溶融し、かくして得られた混合物を型枠に流し込んだ後、加圧成形し、冷却硬化し、脱型して、再生多孔質弾性舗装材のパネルを得た。この舗装材は、リサイクル前の実施例１で得られたものと同等の多孔質弾性舗装材であった。
なお、多孔質弾性舗装材の使用状況、使用期間等を考慮して、弾性骨材や硬質骨材の状態によっては、又は施工場所の要求性能等によっては、新しい骨材等を所定の割合で補充しても良い。
The fine particles obtained as described above are heated to melt the polyethylene contained therein, and after pouring the mixture thus obtained into a mold, it is pressure-molded, cooled and cured, and demolded. A panel of recycled porous elastic pavement material was obtained. This pavement was a porous elastic pavement equivalent to that obtained in Example 1 before recycling.
In consideration of the usage status, usage period, etc. of porous elastic pavement, depending on the state of elastic aggregate and hard aggregate, or depending on the required performance of the construction site, new aggregate etc. May be replenished.
実施例１記載の方法を繰り返した。ただし、硬質骨材である砂を配合することなく、ポリエチレン３０体積％と再生ゴム粉７０体積％とを混合して、実施例１の方法に基づき、パネル形状の多孔質弾性舗装材を得た。この舗装材の空隙率は３８％であり、実施例１の舗装材とほぼ同じものであった。 The method described in Example 1 was repeated. However, without mixing sand, which is a hard aggregate, 30% by volume of polyethylene and 70% by volume of recycled rubber powder were mixed to obtain a panel-shaped porous elastic pavement based on the method of Example 1. . The porosity of this paving material was 38%, which was almost the same as the paving material of Example 1.
実施例１記載の方法を繰り返した。但し、骨材に、架橋剤として、イオウ（鶴見化学工業株式会社製、商品名：金華印微粉硫黄、２００ｍｅｓｈ）２体積％を配合し、乾燥状態で攪拌したものを溶融した熱可塑性バインダーに混合攪拌し、均一に分散させて、直ちに型枠内に流し込み、加圧成型し、自然冷却にて硬化し、脱型して、多孔質弾性舗装材のパネルを得た。この舗装材は、実施例１で得られたものと同等以上の強度を有する多孔質弾性舗装材であった。 The method described in Example 1 was repeated. However, 2% by volume of sulfur (manufactured by Tsurumi Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name: Jinhua Ink Fine Powder Sulfur, 200 mesh) is blended into the aggregate and mixed with a molten thermoplastic binder that has been stirred in a dry state. The mixture was stirred and uniformly dispersed, immediately poured into a mold, pressure-molded, cured by natural cooling, and demolded to obtain a porous elastic pavement panel. This pavement was a porous elastic pavement having a strength equal to or higher than that obtained in Example 1.
施工現場において実施例１と同じ配合割合の混合物を調製し、これを用いて現場施工した。すなわち、施工現場において、溶融した熱可塑性バインダーと硬質骨材と軟質骨材とを混合・攪拌し、得られた混合物を現場の舗装基礎に設けた所定寸法の型枠に流し込んだ後、その上面を鉄板で加圧し、締め固めて、冷却硬化し舗装施工を行った。
この施工方法によれば、特に路面角部や接合部にも適用可能であったので、現場施工の柔軟性が高いことが分かった。すなわち、道幅変化やマンホールや電柱、道路ジョイント等の路上設備の配置に適合させることが可能であり、施工に関して柔軟性がある。
A mixture having the same blending ratio as in Example 1 was prepared at the construction site, and this was used for construction on site. That is, at the construction site, the molten thermoplastic binder, the hard aggregate and the soft aggregate are mixed and stirred, and the resulting mixture is poured into a formwork of a predetermined size provided on the paving foundation at the site, and then the upper surface thereof. Was pressed with an iron plate, compacted, cooled and hardened, and paved.
According to this construction method, it was particularly applicable to road corners and joints, so it was found that the construction work was highly flexible. In other words, it is possible to adapt to changes in road width, arrangement of road facilities such as manholes, utility poles, road joints, etc., and there is flexibility in construction.
上記各例では、熱可塑性バインダーとして、ポリエチレンを用いたが、エチレン酢酸ビニル樹脂、アスファルトを用いても、両者を任意の割合で混合した混合物を用いても、同様な結果が得られる。特に、ポリエチレン、エチレン酢酸ビニル樹脂等に関しては、再生樹脂が流通しているので、これら再生樹脂を用いることによって、より安価でかつ環境にやさしい多孔質弾性舗装材とすることができる。 In each of the above examples, polyethylene was used as the thermoplastic binder, but the same results can be obtained by using ethylene vinyl acetate resin and asphalt, or by using a mixture in which both are mixed in an arbitrary ratio. In particular, since polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate resin, and the like are in circulation, by using these resins, it is possible to obtain a porous elastic pavement material that is cheaper and more environmentally friendly.
１ 多孔質弾性舗装材 ２ 硬質骨材
３ 弾性骨材 １１ 舗装基礎
１２ プライマー １３ 多孔質弾性舗装材
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Porous
Claims (5)
上記弾性骨材又は弾性骨材と硬質骨材との混合骨材が、弾性骨材間に架橋構造を形成する架橋剤を配合したものであり、
上記硬質骨材の全骨材に対する割合が０〜２０体積％であり、
上記熱可塑性バインダーの全骨材に対する割合が５〜４０体積％であることを特徴とする多孔質弾性舗装材。 In a porous elastic pavement having water permeability comprising an elastic aggregate or a mixed aggregate of an elastic aggregate and a hard aggregate, and a binder that binds these aggregates, and a gap is provided between the aggregates, the binder is Ri der thermoplastic binder,
The above-mentioned elastic aggregate or a mixed aggregate of elastic aggregate and hard aggregate is a mixture of a crosslinking agent that forms a crosslinked structure between elastic aggregates,
The ratio of the hard aggregate to the total aggregate is 0 to 20% by volume,
Porous elastic pavement material relative to the total aggregate of the thermoplastic binder, characterized in 5-40 vol% der Rukoto.
上記混合物を所定の型枠内に充填する第２の工程と、
上記型枠を加圧して多孔質弾性舗装用パネルを成型する第３の工程と、
上記多孔質弾性舗装用パネルを冷却する第４の工程とからなる多孔質弾性舗装用パネルの作製方法であって、
上記弾性骨材又は弾性骨材と硬質骨材との混合骨材が、弾性骨材間に架橋構造を形成する架橋剤を配合したものであることを特徴とする多孔質弾性舗装用パネルの作製方法。 A first step of obtaining a mixture by mixing an elastic aggregate or a mixed aggregate of an elastic aggregate and a hard aggregate with a molten thermoplastic binder;
A second step of filling the mixture into a predetermined mold;
A third step of pressurizing the mold and molding a porous elastic pavement panel;
A method for producing a porous elastic pavement panel comprising the fourth step of cooling the porous elastic pavement panel,
Fabrication of a porous elastic pavement panel characterized in that the elastic aggregate or the mixed aggregate of elastic aggregate and hard aggregate is blended with a crosslinking agent that forms a crosslinked structure between the elastic aggregates. Method.
上記混合物を所定の型枠内に充填する第２の工程と、
上記型枠を加圧して多孔質弾性舗装用パネルを成型する第３の工程と、
上記多孔質弾性舗装用パネルを冷却する第４の工程とからなる多孔質弾性舗装用パネルの作製方法であって、
上記第１の工程において、上記リサイクル材に、弾性骨材間に架橋構造を形成する架橋剤を追加混入させたものを加熱することを特徴とする多孔質弾性舗装用パネルの作製方法。 Recycled material obtained by pulverizing a porous elastic pavement composed of elastic aggregate or a mixture of elastic aggregate and hard aggregate and a thermoplastic binder was heated to melt the thermoplastic binder. A first step of obtaining a mixture;
A second step of filling the mixture into a predetermined mold;
A third step of pressurizing the mold and molding a porous elastic pavement panel;
A method for producing a porous elastic pavement panel comprising the fourth step of cooling the porous elastic pavement panel,
In the first step, a method for producing a porous elastic pavement panel, comprising heating the recycle material in which a cross-linking agent for forming a cross-linking structure between elastic aggregates is additionally mixed .
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| CN108218356B (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2020-09-22 | 淮北金辉绿建科技有限责任公司 | Preparation method of solid waste composite water seepage material |
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| CN108285360B (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2021-01-08 | 宿迁华美新材料有限公司 | Solid waste composite water seepage material |
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