JP4191696B2 - Cadmium leaching method - Google Patents

Cadmium leaching method Download PDF

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JP4191696B2
JP4191696B2 JP2005087775A JP2005087775A JP4191696B2 JP 4191696 B2 JP4191696 B2 JP 4191696B2 JP 2005087775 A JP2005087775 A JP 2005087775A JP 2005087775 A JP2005087775 A JP 2005087775A JP 4191696 B2 JP4191696 B2 JP 4191696B2
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leaching
cadmium
sulfide
copper
ions
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JP2006265672A (en
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大祐 小林
弘雄 土屋
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Nippon Mining Holdings Inc
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Nippon Mining and Metals Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、銅製錬中間処理物から有価物を回収する方法に関するものであり、より詳しく述べるならば銅製錬転炉ダスト等の処理プロセスのうち、硫化工程で発生する残渣中に硫化物として含まれるカドミウムを常圧下で浸出する方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a method for recovering valuable materials from an intermediate processed product of copper smelting. More specifically, among the processing processes of copper smelting converter dust and the like, it is contained as a sulfide in the residue generated in the sulfiding step. This is related to a method for leaching cadmium under normal pressure.

銅製錬において発生する転炉ダストには工程中で揮発、飛散するカドミウムをはじめ、亜鉛、銅等の有価物や砒素、タリウム等の不純物が含まれている。この転炉ダストは湿式処理され、硫化工程においてNaHS等の硫化剤によって含有物の多くが硫化物として残渣中に固定される。 Converter dust generated in copper smelting contains cadmium which volatilizes and scatters in the process, as well as valuable materials such as zinc and copper, and impurities such as arsenic and thallium. This converter dust is wet-treated, and in the sulfiding process, most of the contents are fixed as sulfides in the residue by a sulfiding agent such as NaHS.

硫化物からカドミウム等の金属を浸出する方法として、硫酸を用いて浸出する方法があるが、高濃度の酸を必要とするだけでなく、硫化水素が多量に発生するという問題がある。その上、カドミウムの浸出率は低く、常圧で行う浸出方法としては現実的ではない。この方法を用いるのであれば、オートクレーブ等の加圧浸出設備が必要である。 As a method of leaching a metal such as cadmium from a sulfide, there is a method of leaching using sulfuric acid. However, there is a problem that not only a high concentration of acid is required but also a large amount of hydrogen sulfide is generated. Moreover, the leaching rate of cadmium is low and it is not practical as a leaching method performed at normal pressure. If this method is used, a pressure leaching facility such as an autoclave is required.

また、硫酸溶液に第一鉄イオン、または第二鉄イオンを添加し、空気または酸素を吹き込みながら浸出を行う方法もある。これは第二鉄イオンを酸化剤として繰り返し用いるものであるが、酸性溶液中では第一鉄イオンの酸化効率は良くない。第一鉄イオンの酸化効率を上げるために酸素を用いると酸素発生装置等のコストが掛かる。 There is also a method in which ferrous ions or ferric ions are added to the sulfuric acid solution and leaching is performed while blowing air or oxygen. Although this uses ferric ion repeatedly as an oxidizing agent, the oxidation efficiency of ferrous ion is not good in an acidic solution. If oxygen is used to increase the oxidation efficiency of ferrous ions, the cost of an oxygen generator or the like is increased.

その他のカドミウムの浸出方法として特開平9-87763号公報(特許文献1)に提案されている方法は、浸出時に塩素ガスを吹き込むものであるが、有毒ガスであるため、操業時の安全対策を厳重に施す必要がある。 As another cadmium leaching method, the method proposed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-87763 (Patent Document 1) is a method in which chlorine gas is blown at the time of leaching. It is necessary to give it strictly.

特開平9-137236号公報(特許文献2)に提案されている方法は、廃酸の硫化で得られた殿物からカドミウムを浸出するため多量の硫酸銅水溶液を加え、第二銅イオンによる置換反応によってカドミウムを浸出するものである。
また、ここでは後段の砒素分離のための助剤としても銅を利用するため、置換による浸出終了時に高濃度(〜2g/L)で第二銅イオンを残す必要がある。
これに対し本発明では硫酸銅水溶液または粉末の添加によって、硫化物表面で生成した硫化銅が硫化カドミウムと局部電池を形成し、電極反応でカドミウムを溶出させるものであるから、浸出液中の第二銅イオンが沈殿した後も効果が持続する。
また置換反応ではないので、浸出液中に空気または酸素を吹き込み、電極反応に必要な酸素を供給する必要がある。これら点で特許文献2とは異なるものである。
特開平9-87763 特開平9-137236
In the method proposed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-137236 (Patent Document 2), a large amount of aqueous copper sulfate solution is added to leach cadmium from the residue obtained by sulfurization of waste acid, and substitution with cupric ions is performed. Cadmium is leached by reaction.
Here, since copper is also used as an auxiliary for the subsequent arsenic separation, it is necessary to leave cupric ions at a high concentration (˜2 g / L) at the end of leaching by substitution.
On the other hand, in the present invention, by adding a copper sulfate aqueous solution or powder, the copper sulfide formed on the sulfide surface forms a local battery with cadmium sulfide and elutes cadmium by an electrode reaction. The effect persists even after copper ions are precipitated.
Further, since it is not a substitution reaction, it is necessary to blow air or oxygen into the leachate and supply oxygen necessary for the electrode reaction. These points are different from Patent Document 2.
JP 9-87763 A JP-A-9-137236

本発明は上記の欠点を解決したもので、常圧下で高いカドミウム浸出率を可能にする方法を提供する。
さらに無害で安価な空気と銅製錬で発生する余剰物資を用いることにより低いコストで浸出時間を短縮化する方法を提供する。
The present invention overcomes the above disadvantages and provides a method that allows a high cadmium leaching rate under normal pressure.
Further, the present invention provides a method for reducing the leaching time at low cost by using harmless and inexpensive air and surplus materials generated by copper smelting.


本発明は、上記問題点を解決するものであり、
(1)非鉄乾式製錬におけるダスト等の処理工程で生じる主成分が硫化カドミウムである硫化物を硫酸溶液で浸出する際に、空気または酸素吹き込みを継続し行い、第二銅イオンを添加し、浸出するカドミウムの浸出方法。
(2)上記(1)の方法において、添加する銅量が硫化物重量に対して少なくとも1重量%以上であるカドミウムの浸出方法。
:
The present invention solves the above problems,
(1) When leaching a sulfide whose main component is cadmium sulfide generated in a treatment process such as dust in non-ferrous dry smelting with a sulfuric acid solution, air or oxygen blowing is continued, cupric ions are added, The leaching method of cadmium to leach.
(2) The cadmium leaching method in which the amount of copper to be added is at least 1% by weight or more based on the weight of sulfide in the method of (1).


3)上記(1)から(2)の何れかの方法において、添加した銅を硫化銅として浸出残渣中に固定するカドミウムの浸出方法。
)上記(1)から(3)の何れかの方法において、硫化物中の硫黄を単体硫黄または硫化物として浸出残渣中に固定するカドミウムの浸出方法。
上記(1)から(4)の何れかの方法において、第二銅イオンを複数回に分けて添加するカドミウムの浸出方法。
上記(1)から(5)の何れかの方法において、第一鉄イオンまたは第二鉄イオンを添加することにより浸出後期のカドミウムの浸出効率を上げるとともに、浸出液の浄液時に不純物の沈殿を促進するカドミウムの浸出方法。
である。

:
( 3) A cadmium leaching method in which the added copper is fixed as copper sulfide in the leaching residue in any of the methods ( 1) to ( 2) .
( 4 ) A cadmium leaching method in which the sulfur in the sulfide is fixed in the leaching residue as elemental sulfur or sulfide in any of the methods (1) to ( 3) .
( 5 ) The leaching method of cadmium in which the cupric ion is added in a plurality of times in any one of the methods ( 1) to ( 4) .
( 6 ) In any of the above methods ( 1) to ( 5), by adding ferrous ions or ferric ions, the leaching efficiency of cadmium in the late leaching stage is increased, and impurities are removed during purification of the leaching liquid. Cadmium leaching method to promote precipitation.
It is.

(5)上記(1)から(4)において、硫化物中の硫黄を単体硫黄または硫化物として浸出残渣中に固定するカドミウムの浸出方法。
(6)上記(1)から(5)において、第二銅イオンを複数回に分けて添加するカドミウムの浸出方法。
(7)上記(1)から(6)において、第一鉄イオンまたは第二鉄イオンを添加することにより浸出後期のカドミウムの浸出効率を上げるとともに、浸出液の浄液時に不純物の沈殿を促進するカドミウムの浸出方法。
である。
(5) A cadmium leaching method in which the sulfur in the sulfide is fixed in the leaching residue as elemental sulfur or sulfide in the above (1) to (4).
(6) A cadmium leaching method in which, in (1) to (5) above, cupric ions are added in multiple portions.
(7) In the above (1) to (6), the addition of ferrous ions or ferric ions increases the leaching efficiency of cadmium at the later stage of leaching and promotes precipitation of impurities during the purification of the leaching liquid Leaching method.
It is.

上記の浸出方法を実施することにより、
(1)加圧浸出設備や有害ガスを使うことなく、安価な空気と銅製錬の余剰
物資である硫酸銅を使って硫化物から効率よくカドミウムを浸出することができる。
By implementing the above leaching method,
(1) Cadmium can be efficiently leached from sulfides using inexpensive air and copper sulfate, which is a surplus material of copper smelting, without using pressurized leaching equipment or harmful gases.

(2)また置換反応と異なり液中に銅イオンが存在している必要はないので、添加する硫酸銅は電極反応に必要な量でよく、さらに液中に銅イオンが残らないので、浸出液からカドミウムを回収する際の銅分離の負荷を減らすことができる。 (2) Since there is no need for copper ions to be present in the liquid unlike the substitution reaction, the amount of copper sulfate to be added may be the amount necessary for the electrode reaction, and since no copper ions remain in the liquid, The load of copper separation when recovering cadmium can be reduced.

以下本発明について、詳細に説明する。
本発明の処理対象物は、非鉄乾式製錬におけるダスト等の処理工程で生じる
主成分が硫化カドミウムである硫化物である。
上記硫化物には、カドミウム40から70mass%、亜鉛2から8mass%、銅0.5から3mass%、鉄0.1mass%以下、硫黄15から25mass%含まれている。
The present invention will be described in detail below.
The object to be treated of the present invention is a sulfide whose main component generated in the treatment process of dust or the like in non-ferrous dry smelting is cadmium sulfide.
The sulfide contains cadmium 40 to 70 mass%, zinc 2 to 8 mass%, copper 0.5 to 3 mass%, iron 0.1 mass% or less, and sulfur 15 to 25 mass%.

本発明においては、上記硫化物を空気または酸素吹き込みを継続し行い、第二銅イオンを添加し、硫酸溶液によりカドミウムを浸出する。
添加した第二銅イオンはほぼ全量が浸出液中で直ちに硫化銅を生成し、カドミウム等の硫化物表面で電極反応を担う。
硫化カドミウム表面では(1)の反応が起こり、硫化カドミウムと接触している硫化銅表面では(2)の反応が起こる。この電池反応により硫化物の浸出が促進される。
(1)CdS → Cd2+ + S + 2e-
(2)2H+ + 1/2O2 + 2e- → H2O
In the present invention, the sulfide is continuously blown with air or oxygen, cupric ions are added, and cadmium is leached with a sulfuric acid solution.
Almost all of the added cupric ions immediately form copper sulfide in the leachate and carry out electrode reactions on the surface of sulfides such as cadmium.
Reaction (1) occurs on the surface of cadmium sulfide, and reaction (2) occurs on the surface of copper sulfide in contact with cadmium sulfide. This battery reaction promotes sulfide leaching.
(1) CdS → Cd 2+ + S + 2e -
(2) 2H + + 1 / 2O 2 + 2e - → H 2 O

本発明では第二銅イオン源として例えば、硫酸銅を添加した。硫酸銅は銅製錬において比較的低コストで調達が可能である。但し、硫酸塩である必要は無く、対象処理液に溶け易いものであればよい。また添加形態として水溶液も可能である。 In the present invention, for example, copper sulfate is added as a cupric ion source. Copper sulfate can be procured at a relatively low cost in copper smelting. However, it is not necessary to be a sulfate, and any material that is easily dissolved in the target treatment liquid may be used. An aqueous solution is also possible as an addition form.

添加する銅の量は原料中のカドミウム重量に対して、少なくとも1重量%以上必要である。硫化物中にも銅が含まれているがその銅品位が1重量%以下になるとカドミウムの浸出率が著しく低下するからである。 The amount of copper to be added must be at least 1% by weight based on the weight of cadmium in the raw material. This is because copper is also contained in the sulfide, but the leaching rate of cadmium is remarkably lowered when the copper quality is 1% by weight or less.

又本発明においては、好ましくは、第一鉄イオンを含む硫酸溶液を用いる。
第一鉄イオンの代わりに第二鉄イオンを添加してもよい。
しかし、一般的には第一鉄イオンの方がコスト的に有利である。本発明で鉄イオンを添加する理由は、浸出後半における鉄イオンの酸化剤としての効果と浸出後に浸出液を中和浄液する際に不純物の共沈剤としての効果を期待するためである。
In the present invention, a sulfuric acid solution containing ferrous ions is preferably used.
Ferric ions may be added in place of the ferrous ions.
However, in general, ferrous ions are more advantageous in terms of cost. The reason for adding iron ions in the present invention is to expect an effect as an oxidizing agent of iron ions in the latter half of leaching and an effect as a coprecipitation agent for impurities when neutralizing and purifying the leachate after leaching.

第二銅イオンの添加方法は、硫酸銅粉末または溶液を浸出液へ連続的に添加する方法が好ましい。これは所定量を一度に添加すると第二銅イオンによる反応促進効果が持続しないからである。この理由として、浸出反応が進むにつれて硫化銅が硫化カドミウム表面から脱落してしまい、電極としての機能を失うということが考えられる。 The method of adding cupric ions is preferably a method of continuously adding copper sulfate powder or solution to the leachate. This is because if the predetermined amount is added at once, the reaction promoting effect by cupric ions is not sustained. This may be because copper sulfide falls off from the surface of cadmium sulfide as the leaching reaction proceeds and loses its function as an electrode.

空気は上記電極反応に必要な酸素を供給するために吹き込むものである。したがって、酸素を吹き込んでもよい。   Air is blown to supply oxygen necessary for the electrode reaction. Therefore, oxygen may be blown.

浸出後期の酸化還元電位をAg/AgCl電極基準で300mV以下にすることにより硫化銅からの銅の溶出を抑制することが可能である。
銅の溶出は、浸出液からカドミウムを回収する際に製品へ混入するので好ましくない。銅の溶出を抑制することで、硫化銅のまま浸出残渣に固定し、浸出液中のカドミウムと容易に分離することができる。
It is possible to suppress the elution of copper from copper sulfide by setting the oxidation-reduction potential in the latter stage of leaching to 300 mV or less based on the Ag / AgCl electrode standard.
The elution of copper is not preferable because it is mixed into the product when cadmium is recovered from the leachate. By suppressing the elution of copper, the copper sulfide can be fixed to the leaching residue and easily separated from the cadmium in the leaching solution.

さらに、上記の酸化還元電位帯では、浸出時に発生してくる硫黄は単体硫黄または硫化物として存在しており、硫酸イオン等へ酸化されることを抑制できる。これにより浸出液の残存酸濃度を低く抑えることが可能であり、中和浄液等の浸出後液の処理に都合がよい。 Furthermore, in the above oxidation-reduction potential band, sulfur generated during leaching exists as elemental sulfur or sulfide, and can be suppressed from being oxidized to sulfate ions or the like. This makes it possible to keep the residual acid concentration of the leachate low, which is convenient for the treatment of the post-leaching solution such as a neutralized clean solution.

(実施例1)
処理対象物の一つである転炉ダスト処理工程で生じた硫化物の組成を表1に示す。粉末X線回折の結果によるとこの硫化物中のカドミウムは硫化カドミウムの形態で存在している。
(Example 1)
Table 1 shows the composition of sulfides generated in the converter dust treatment process, which is one of the treatment objects. According to the result of powder X-ray diffraction, cadmium in the sulfide exists in the form of cadmium sulfide.

浸出液の組成は硫酸濃度150g/L、第一鉄濃度3g/Lである。この浸出液を乾燥重量で300gの硫化物へ加えて1500mlのスラリー溶液とし、空気を750ml/分で吹き込みながら撹拌して浸出した。スラリー溶液の温度は85℃である。 The composition of the leachate is a sulfuric acid concentration of 150 g / L and a ferrous iron concentration of 3 g / L. This leachate was added to 300 g of sulfide by dry weight to form a 1500 ml slurry solution, and the mixture was stirred and leached while blowing air at 750 ml / min. The temperature of the slurry solution is 85 ° C.

上記の条件で、表1に示す硫化物中の銅品位が0.6重量%(Lot#a)と1.6重量%(Lot#b)の硫化物の浸出挙動を比較すると、銅品位が1.6重量%(Lot#b)の硫化物の方が大幅に速く浸出が進むことがわかった。この結果を図1に示す。このことから硫化物中の銅品位は1重量%以上必要であることがわかる。 When the leaching behavior of sulfides with a copper grade of 0.6 wt% (Lot # a) and 1.6 wt% (Lot # b) in the sulfides shown in Table 1 is compared under the above conditions, the copper grade is 1.6 wt% ( It was found that the leaching of the Lot # b) sulfide proceeded significantly faster. The result is shown in FIG. From this, it can be seen that the copper grade in the sulfide must be 1% by weight or more.

(実施例2)
表1に示すLot#bの硫化物を使い、浸出液中への鉄イオンの添加効果を調べると鉄イオンを3g/L添加した方が全く添加しない場合と比べ、浸出後半に浸出率が上がることが確認された。
この結果を図2に示す。しかし、鉄濃度を上げるにつれて残渣の濾過性が悪化するので、これ以上添加することは好ましくない。
(Example 2)
Using the Lot # b sulfide shown in Table 1 and examining the effect of adding iron ions to the leachate, the leaching rate increases in the latter half of leaching compared to the case where 3 g / L of iron ions are added at all. Was confirmed.
The result is shown in FIG. However, since the filterability of the residue deteriorates as the iron concentration is increased, it is not preferable to add more.

(実施例3)
表1に示すLot#bの硫化物を使い、鉄濃度3g/Lという同一条件のもとで、浸出液中へ吹き込む気体を空気から酸素に変えた場合、カドミウムの浸出挙動がどのように変化するか調べた。この結果を図3に示す。
酸素を吹き込んだ方がカドミウムの浸出時間は約15時間短縮されるが、酸素発生装置等のコストが掛かるのが難点である。
この結果から酸素の代わりにより安価な空気も使用可能であることが示された。
(実施例4)
(Example 3)
Using the Lot # b sulfide shown in Table 1 and how the leaching behavior of cadmium changes when the gas blown into the leachate is changed from air to oxygen under the same iron concentration of 3 g / L I investigated. The result is shown in FIG.
When oxygen is blown in, the cadmium leaching time is reduced by about 15 hours, but the cost of the oxygen generator is difficult.
From this result, it was shown that cheaper air can be used instead of oxygen.
Example 4

硫化物Lot#aを用い、浸出開始時に硫酸銅粉末25.5g、(硫化物中の銅品位に換算すると2.1重量%)を添加し、36時間後にさらに硫酸銅粉末を25.5g、(硫化物中の銅品位に換算すると2.1重量%)を添加して浸出を行うと、45時間でカドミウム浸出率が約95%となった。第二銅イオンを添加しなかった場合と比較すると大幅に浸出が促進されていることがわかる。この結果を図4に示す。
(実施例5)
Using sulfide Lot # a, add 25.5 g of copper sulfate powder at the start of leaching (2.1 wt% in terms of copper grade in sulfide) and add 25.5 g of copper sulfate powder after 36 hours (in sulfide) When leaching was performed by adding 2.1% by weight in terms of copper grade, the cadmium leaching rate was about 95% in 45 hours. It can be seen that leaching is greatly promoted compared to the case where no cupric ion was added. The result is shown in FIG.
(Example 5)

硫化物Lot#aを用い、浸出開始時に硫酸銅粉末25.5g(硫化物中の銅品位に換算すると2.1重量%)を添加し、さらに硫酸銅粉末5.1g(硫化物中の銅品位に換算すると0.42重量%)を2時間ごとに添加して浸出を行うと実施例4よりさらにカドミウムの浸出効率が上がり、約20時間でカドミウム浸出率が約95%となった。
この結果を図4に示す。また硫酸銅の添加量および添加条件を表2に示す。このことから、硫酸銅は複数回に分けて添加する方法が効果的であることわ
かる。
Using sulfide Lot # a, 25.5 g of copper sulfate powder (2.1 wt% in terms of copper grade in sulfide) was added at the start of leaching, and 5.1 g of copper sulfate powder (in terms of copper grade in sulfide) When leaching was performed by adding 0.42% by weight) every 2 hours, the leaching efficiency of cadmium further increased from that in Example 4, and the cadmium leaching rate was about 95% in about 20 hours.
The result is shown in FIG. Table 2 shows the addition amount and addition conditions of copper sulfate. From this, it can be seen that the method of adding copper sulfate in a plurality of times is effective.

この時、酸化還元電位をAg/AgCl電極基準で300mV以下とすることで浸出液へ銅の溶出が抑制される。すなわち、添加した銅の大部分は残渣中に固定されていることがわかる。この結果を図5に示す。 At this time, elution of copper into the leachate is suppressed by setting the oxidation-reduction potential to 300 mV or less based on the Ag / AgCl electrode. That is, it can be seen that most of the added copper is fixed in the residue. The result is shown in FIG.

浸出後の残渣の組成を表3に示す。硫化物中の硫黄の約85重量%が浸出後も残渣中に固定されていることがわかる。
Table 3 shows the composition of the residue after leaching. It can be seen that about 85% by weight of sulfur in the sulfide is fixed in the residue after leaching.

硫化物中の銅品位による浸出挙動の違い。Difference in leaching behavior due to copper grade in sulfide. 鉄イオンの添加の有無によるカドミウム浸出率の違い。Difference in cadmium leaching rate with and without iron ion addition. 浸出液中に吹き込む気体が酸素の場合と空気の場合の違い。The difference between the case where the gas blown into the leachate is oxygen and air. 第二銅イオンの添加の有無および添加方法によるカドミウム浸出率の変化。Change in cadmium leaching rate with and without addition of cupric ion. 各酸化還元電位における浸出液への銅溶出の挙動。Behavior of copper elution into the leachate at each redox potential.

Claims (6)

非鉄乾式製錬におけるダスト等の処理工程で生じる主成分が硫化カドミウムである硫化物を硫酸溶液で浸出する際に、空気または酸素吹き込みを継続し行い、第二銅イオンを添加し、浸出することを特徴とするカドミウムの浸出方法。 When leaching a sulfide whose main component is cadmium sulfide in the process of treating dust, etc. in non-ferrous dry smelting with sulfuric acid solution, continue blowing air or oxygen, adding cupric ions and leaching. The leaching method of cadmium characterized by this. 請求項1の方法において、添加する銅量が硫化物重量に対して少なくとも1重量%以上であることを特徴とするカドミウムの浸出方法。 2. The method of leaching cadmium according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of copper added is at least 1% by weight or more based on the weight of sulfide. 請求項1から2の何れかの方法において、添加した銅を硫化銅として浸出残渣中に固定することを特徴とするカドミウムの浸出方法。 3. The cadmium leaching method according to claim 1 , wherein the added copper is fixed in the leaching residue as copper sulfide. 請求項1から3の何れかの方法において、硫化物中の硫黄を単体硫黄または硫化物として浸出残渣中に固定することを特徴とするカドミウムの浸出方法。 4. The method of leaching cadmium according to claim 1 , wherein sulfur in the sulfide is fixed in the leaching residue as elemental sulfur or sulfide. 請求項1から4の何れかの方法において、第二銅イオンを複数回に分けて添加することを特徴とするカドミウムの浸出方法。 5. The method of leaching cadmium according to claim 1 , wherein cupric ions are added in a plurality of times. 請求項1から5の何れかの方法において、第一鉄イオンまたは第二鉄イオンを添加することにより浸出後期のカドミウムの浸出効率を上げるとともに、浸出液の浄液時に不純物の沈殿を促進することを特徴とするカドミウムの浸出方法。 The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the leaching efficiency of cadmium in the late leaching stage is increased by adding ferrous ions or ferric ions, and the precipitation of impurities is promoted when the leachate is purified. Characteristic cadmium leaching method.
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