JP4189897B2 - Non-woven fabric for rice seedling - Google Patents
Non-woven fabric for rice seedling Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4189897B2 JP4189897B2 JP23251199A JP23251199A JP4189897B2 JP 4189897 B2 JP4189897 B2 JP 4189897B2 JP 23251199 A JP23251199 A JP 23251199A JP 23251199 A JP23251199 A JP 23251199A JP 4189897 B2 JP4189897 B2 JP 4189897B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fine
- fiber
- nonwoven fabric
- fineness
- fibers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Landscapes
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、水耕栽培で又は非水耕栽培で、稲苗を生育させるときに用いる育苗用不織布に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
古くから、稲作は、育苗箱に敷設した土壌（苗代）に種籾を播種して覆土し、次いで、育苗を終えた苗を、梅雨の頃に田に植え代えるという手順で行われている。苗代で生育した苗は、土付き苗となっており、非常に重く、田に植え代える際の搬送に人手や手間がかかるということがあった。
【０００３】
このため、近年、育苗箱を使用しない育苗方法が提案されている。例えば、水槽の底に長尺の不織布（当業界では「ロングマット」と称呼されている。）を敷設し、不織布上に種籾を播種するという方法、或いは土壌の上に不織布を敷設し、この不織布上に種籾を播種するという方法が提案されている。これらの方法によれば、不織布上で苗が生育し、不織布付き苗となるため、土付き苗に比べて重量が軽く、田に植え代える際の搬送が楽になるという利点がある。なお、不織布付き苗は長尺物となっているため、巻回してロール状とし、これを田植機に載せて、所定の寸法に破断しながら田に苗を移植するのである。
【０００４】
しかし、これらの方法を採用した場合、以下のような技術的問題点が指摘されている。（１）種籾を播種した後に覆土しないため、育苗時に根上がりが生じる。即ち、不織布中又は不織布の裏面に根が張らずに、不織布表面に根が持ち上がった状態になる。従って、田植機によって不織布付き苗を掻き取りながら（即ち不織布を裁断しながら）、移植する際に苗を痛めてしまうということがある。（２）田植機によって苗を掻き取る際、不織布も一緒に破断されるが、不織布が田植機の掻き取りによって裁断されない場合があり、移植作業が連続して行えないということがある。
【０００５】
上記した（１）の問題点を解決するためには、不織布として、例えば、繊維径の大きい繊維が交絡してなる構成繊維相互間の間隙の大きい粗目のものを採用すれば良いと考えられる。このような不織布であれば、構成繊維相互間の間隙に根が侵入し、不織布中又は不織布裏面に根が張ると考えられるからである。しかしながら、繊維径の大きい繊維は、交絡性に劣るため、不織布自体の形態安定性が低下する。従って、不織布付き苗をロール状に巻回しにくくなったり、或いは巻回できたとしても田植機に載せる際に、その形態が崩れたりして、田植機による移植作業が行いにくいという憾みがあった。また、（２）の問題点を解決するためには、不織布として引張強力の弱いものを採用すれば良いと考えられる。しかし、引張強力の弱いものは、一般的に不織布自体の形態安定性にも劣り、前記したように、田植機による移植作業が行いにくいということになる。
【０００６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記した問題点（１）、（２）を一挙に解決することを課題とするものである。本発明は、不織布の構造として、太繊度短繊維と細繊度短繊維とを特定量混綿して交絡したものであり、細繊度短繊維が太繊度短繊維に絡み付くことで、太繊度短繊維間の繋ぎの役割となり、太繊度短繊維同士の交絡により得られる大きい繊維間空隙を維持した状態で、細繊度繊維の存在によって、不織布自体の形態を維持しようというものである。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
すなわち、本発明は、高圧液体流処理によって構成繊維である太繊度短繊維に細繊度短繊維が絡み付き三次元的交絡することのみで一体化してなる不織布であり、前記構成繊維が生分解性短繊維であり、細繊度短繊維の単糸繊度が０.１〜３デニール、太繊度短繊維の単糸繊度が４〜２５デニール、細繊度短繊維と太繊度短繊維との単糸繊度比率が（太繊度短繊維の単糸繊度）／（細繊度短繊維の単糸繊度）＝３〜５０であり、細繊度短繊維と太繊度短繊維の混綿比率が（細繊度短繊維）：（太繊度短繊維）＝２０：８０〜８０：２０であることを特徴とする稲の育苗用不織布を要旨とするものである。
【０００８】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明で用いられる生分解性短繊維としては、木綿（コットン）、レーヨン短繊維、ポリ乳酸短繊維のごとき脂肪族ポリエステル系短繊維等、従来公知の生分解性短繊維が用いられる。生分解性短繊維を使用する理由は、田植後の土壌中において、稲の生育とともに崩壊させるためである。また、田植機によって苗を掻き取る際、生分解性短繊維で構成された育苗用不織布を破断させやすくするためである。
【０００９】
本発明の育苗用不織布は、構成繊維が細繊度短繊維と太繊度短繊維とからなり、細繊度短繊維の単糸繊度が０.１〜３デニール、太繊度短繊維の単糸繊度が４〜２５デニール、細繊度短繊維と太繊度短繊維との単糸繊度比率が（太繊度短繊維の単糸繊度）／（細繊度短繊維の単糸繊度）＝３〜５０である。本発明においては、単糸繊度比率を、「単糸繊度比率＝（太繊度短繊維の単糸繊度）／（細繊度短繊維の単糸繊度）」として定義する。
【００１０】
細繊度短繊維は、その単糸繊度が０.１〜３デニールである必要があり、０.２〜２デニールであることが好適である。単糸繊度が０.１デニール未満であると、生産性や操業性に劣るため好ましくなく、逆に単糸繊度が３デニールを超えると、細繊度繊維の交絡性が劣る傾向となるため、太繊度短繊維に細繊度短繊維が絡み太繊度短繊維同士の繋ぎの役目が十分に果たせず、本発明が目的とする形態安定性と機械的強力に優れた不織布を得ることができない。
【００１１】
一方、太繊度短繊維は、その単糸繊度が４〜２５デニールであることが必要であり、５〜２０デニールであることが好適である。単糸繊度が２５デニールを超えると、高圧液体流等の三次元的交絡付与工程において、高エネルギーを付与しても太繊度短繊維が変形しにくくなり、細繊度短繊維が混在しているとはいうものの、繊維同士を交絡一体化させることが困難となる。従って、得られる育苗用不織布は、形態安定性に劣り、稲を育苗させた後、田植え機での移植作業等で問題となる。また、不織布の製造工程においても、不織布の強力が劣るため、巻き取り工程等で不織布が張力に耐えきれない等のトラブルが発生する。一方、４デニール未満であると、繊維同士の空隙が小さくなり、空隙に根が侵入することができず、根上がりが生じるので好ましくない。
【００１２】
細繊度短繊維と太繊度短繊維との単糸繊度比率は、３〜５０とすることが必要であり、４〜４０であることがさらに好ましい。単糸繊度比率が３未満であると、細繊度短繊維と太繊度短繊維との繊度差があまりにも小さくなり、繊維同士の交絡が全体的に緻密となり、目的とする繊維間空隙の大きいものが得られず、その結果、繊維間の空隙に根が侵入することができず、根上がりが生じる。一方、単糸繊度比率が５０を超えると、繊度差があまりにも大きくなり不織ウエブの作成時において混綿の均整度に劣るので得られる不織布の地合が劣るものとなり、また、細繊度短繊維と太繊度短繊維との曲げモーメントの差が大きいために細繊度短繊維が太繊度短繊維に絡みつきにくくなり、得られる不織布の機械的強力が極端に劣るものとなる。
【００１３】
細繊度短繊維と太繊度短繊維との混綿比率（重量比）は、（細繊度短繊維）：（太繊度短繊維）=２０：８０〜８０：２０である。さらには、３０：７０〜５０：５０であることが好ましい。細繊度短繊維の混綿比率が２０重量％未満であると、不織布を構成する細繊度短繊維の割合が少なくなるため、細繊度短繊維が太繊度短繊維間に絡み付き、繋ぎとしての役目を十分に果たすことができにくく、嵩高性には優れるものの機械的強力が十分でなく、形態安定性の良好な不織布が得られにくい。一方、細繊度短繊維の混綿比率が８０重量％を超えると、繊維同士の交絡が緻密になり、繊維間空隙の大きい不織布が得られにくく、また、機械的強力が必要以上に高く破断しにくいものとなり、その結果、田植機によって苗を掻き取る際、不織布が田植機の掻き取りによって裁断されない傾向となる。
【００１４】
本発明の育苗用不織布の嵩密度は、０．０８ｇ／ｃｍ3以下であることが好ましく、さらに好ましくは０．０６ｇ／ｃｍ3以下である。嵩密度は、嵩高性、すなわち繊維間空隙の指標となるものであり、嵩密度が０．０８ｇ／ｃｍ3以上であると、繊維間の空隙が小さく、根が空隙に入りにくくなり良好に根が張ることができず、根上がりが生ずる傾向となるため好ましくない。この嵩密度は下式により定義した。
嵩密度（ｇ／ｃｍ3）=目付（ｇ／ｍ2）／厚み（ｍｍ）／１０００
なお、厚みは、幅１０ｃｍ、長さ１０ｃｍの試験片を５個作成し、大榮化学精機製作所（株）製の厚み測定器により４.５ｇ／ｃｍ2の荷重の印加により個々の不織布の厚みを測定して、その平均値を厚み（ｍｍ）とした。
【００１５】
本発明の育苗用不織布の目付は、１０〜８０ｇ／ｍ2であるのが好ましい。この程度であると、軽量であり、且つ不織布自体の形態安定性もある程度維持できるからである。
【００１６】
このような育苗用不織布は、長手方向及び幅方向の引張強力の和が１〜５ｋｇ／５ｃｍ幅である。この引張強力の和が１ｋｇ／５ｃｍ幅未満であると、不織布付き苗をロール状に巻回すときに、不織布付き苗が破断しやすくなるので、好ましくない。一方、この引張強力の和が５ｋｇ／５ｃｍ幅を超えると、田植機によって苗を掻き取る際、育苗用不織布が一緒に破断されにくくなるので好ましくない。
【００１７】
ここで、引張強力および引張伸度の測定方法は以下の通りである。すなわち、ＪＩＳ−Ｌ−１０９６に記載のストリップ法に準じ、幅５ｃｍで長さ１５ｃｍの試験片１０個を準備し、定速伸長型引張試験機（テンシロンＵＴＭ−４−１−１００ オリエンテック社製）を用いて、掴み間隔１０ｃｍ、引張速度１０ｃｍ／分の条件で最大引張強力及び引張伸度を測定し、長手方向及び幅方向についてそれぞれ試験片１０個の平均値を育苗用不織布の引張強力（ｋｇ／５ｃｍ）、引張伸度（％）とした。
【００１８】
また、本発明においては、育苗用不織布の幅方向の引裂強力は、５００ｇ以下である。この引裂強力が５００ｇを超えると、田植機によって苗を掻き取る際、育苗用不織布が破断されにくく、苗が損じやすくなるため好ましくない。育苗用不織布の長手方向の引裂強力については、任意であり、５００ｇを超えても差し支えない。この理由は、育苗用不織布の長手方向については、田植機に付設された鎌によって、比較的容易に破断するからである。
【００１９】
ここで、引裂強力の測定方法は以下の通りである。すなわち、ＪＩＳ−Ｌ−１０９６に記載のペンジュラム法に準じ幅６.５ｃｍで長さ１０ｃｍの試験片１０個を準備し、測定し、その平均値を育苗用不織布の引裂強力とした。育苗用不織布の幅方向の引裂強力を測定する際には、不織布の幅方向が試験片の長手方向となるようにして測定することは、引張強力の場合と同様である。
【００２０】
上記したような、稲の育苗用不織布は、例えば、下記のような方法で好適に製造することができる。
まず、細繊度短繊維の単糸繊度が０.１〜３デニール、太繊度短繊維の単糸繊度が４〜２５デニール、細繊度短繊維と太繊度短繊維との単糸繊度比率が（太繊度短繊維の単糸繊度）／（細繊度短繊維の単糸繊度）＝３〜５０である細繊度短繊維と太繊度短繊維とを混綿する。混綿比率は、重量比で２０：８０〜８０：２０とすることが好ましい。次いで、この混合綿をカード機を用いて開繊および集積して所定の目付の不織ウェブを作成する。不織ウェブを構成する繊維の配列度合いは、カード機等によって制御できる。例えば、パラレルカード機を用いてカード機の進行方向に配列したパラレルウェブ、パラレルウェブのクロスレイドされたウェブ、ランダムカード機を用いて繊維がランダムに配列したランダムウェブ、あるいは両者の中程度に配列したセミランダムウェブ等が挙げられる。
【００２１】
次に得られた不織ウェブに高圧液体流処理を施して、構成繊維同士を交絡させる。高圧液体処理装置は、公知の装置を用いれば良く、例えば、孔径が０．０５〜１．５ｍｍの噴射孔を噴射間隔０．０５〜５ｍｍで１列ないしは複数列に複数個配設されたオリフィスヘッドから高圧で柱状に噴射する装置を用いる。
【００２２】
このとき、不織ウェブを、多孔性支持部材に担持して、多孔性支持部材が存在する反対側、すなわち不織ウェブの上方より高圧液体流を衝突させる。ここでいう多孔性支持部材としては、例えば、金属製あるいは合成樹脂製等のメッシュスクリーンや有孔板など、高圧液体流が不織ウェブと支持部材を貫通するものであれば特に限定されない。メッシュスクリーンのメッシュが粗目になると、得られる不織布に開孔が付与されるものとなる。
【００２３】
噴射圧力としては、１０〜１００ｋｇ／ｃｍ2程度でよい。噴射圧力が低すぎると繊維相互間の絡みが少なくなり、形態安定性に優れた育苗用不織布が得られにくくなる。また、噴射圧力が高すぎると、繊維相互間の絡み合いが緊密になりすぎて、引張強力が高くなりすぎ、田植機による苗の掻き取りの際に破断しにくくなる。したがって、好ましくは、２０〜６０ｋｇ／ｃｍ2である。高圧液体流処理は、不織ウェブに１回だけ施しても良いし、２回以上施してもよい。
【００２４】
高圧液体流処理を施した後は乾燥処理を施すが、この際、まず処理後の構成繊維同士が交絡した不織布から過剰水分を除去することが好ましい。この過剰水分の除去には、公知の方法を採用することができ、例えば、マングルロール等の絞り装置を用いて過剰水分をある程度機械的に除去する。そして、引き続きサクションバンド方式の乾燥装置等を用いて残余の水分を除去する。
【００２５】
【実施例】
以下、実施例に基づいて本発明を説明するが、本発明は実施例に限定されるものではない。
【００２６】
実施例１
細繊度短繊維として、単糸繊度２デニール、繊維長５１ｍｍのレーヨン繊維を用いた。一方、太繊度短繊維として、単糸繊度２０デニール、繊維長５１ｍｍのレーヨン繊維を用いた。細繊度短繊維と太繊度短繊維との単糸繊度比率は１０である。
【００２７】
細繊度短繊維と太繊度短繊維とを重量比で５０：５０の割合で混綿し、パラレルカード機にて不織ウェブを得た。次いで、この不織ウェブを移動する目開き１００メッシュのプラスチック性メッシュスクリーン（プラスチック線で平行組織に製織してなる織物）上に載置して、繊維ウェブに向けて高圧液体流を噴射した。高圧液体流は、孔径０．１ｍｍの噴射孔が孔間隔０．６ｍｍで配置された装置を用い、不織ウェブの上方（すなわち、プラスチック製メッシュスクリーンの位置する反対上方）５０ｍｍの位置から５０ｋｇ／ｃｍ2の圧力で不織ウェブに２回噴射して、構成繊維同士が交絡した目付５０ｇ／ｍ2の不織布を得た。そして、この不織布より過剰の水分の除去と乾燥処理を施し、育苗用不織布とした。この育苗用不織布の各種物性を表１に示す。
【００２８】
実施例２
実施例１において、細繊度短繊維と太繊度短繊維とを重量比率で２５：７５の割合で混綿した以外は、実施例１と同様にして目付５０ｇ／ｍ2の育苗用不織布を得た。この育苗用不織布の各種物性を表１に示す。
【００２９】
実施例３
実施例１において、細繊度短繊維と太繊度短繊維とを重量比率で７５：２５の割合で混綿した以外は、実施例１と同様にして目付５０ｇ／ｍ2の育苗用不織布を得た。この育苗用不織布の各種物性を表１に示す。
【００３０】
実施例４
実施例１において、目付開き８メッシュのプラスチック製メッシュスクリーンに担持した以外は、実施例１と同様にして目付５０ｇ／ｍ2の育苗用不織布を得た。この育苗用不織布の各種物性を表１に示す。
【００３１】
実施例５
実施例１において、細繊度短繊維として、単糸繊度２デニール、繊維長５１ｍｍのポリ乳酸短繊維を用いたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にして目付５０ｇ／ｍ2の育苗用不織布を得た。この育苗用不織布の各種物性を表１に示す。
【００３２】
実施例６
実施例１において、細繊度短繊維として平均単糸繊度１．５デニールの木綿の繊維を用い、単糸繊度比率を１３．３とした以外は、実施例１と同様にして目付５０ｇ／ｍ2の育苗用不織布を得た。この育苗用不織布の各種物性を表１に示す。
【００３３】
比較例１
実施例１において、太繊度短繊維を用いず、細繊度短繊維のみからなる不織ウエブを用いた以外は、実施例１と同様にして目付５０ｇ／ｍ2の育苗用不織布を得た。この育苗用不織布の各種物性を表１に示す。
【００３４】
比較例２
実施例１において、細繊度短繊維を用いず、太繊度短繊維のみからなる不織ウエブを用いた以外は、実施例１と同様にして目付５０ｇ／ｍ2の育苗用不織布を得た。この育苗用不織布の各種物性を表１に示す。
【００３５】
以上のようにして得られた実施例１〜６、比較例１〜２に係る育苗用不織布を、所定の長尺形状に裁断し、播種床に敷設し、水稲の種籾の根の基部までの高さを測定し、不織布上に浮き上がる高さが１０ｍｍ以上の数の割合を浮き上がり率として、浮き上がり率が１０％以下のものを○、浮き上がり率が１０％を超えるものを×として表１に示した。また、育苗を終えた不織布付き苗をロール状に巻回し、田植機に載せて苗の移植を行った。その際、不織布が良好に破断し、苗の掻き取り性の良いものを「良好」とし、不織布が破断しにくく、苗の掻き取り性の悪いものを「不良」と評価し、表１に示した。
【００３６】
【表１】
【００３７】
これに対し、細繊度短繊維のみからなる比較例１は、繊維同士の交絡性が緻密で強いため、不織布中および不織布の裏面に根が張ることなく、また、掻き取り性に劣るものであった。
【００３８】
太繊度短繊維のみからなる比較例２は、繊維同士の交絡性に劣るため、実用的な強力が得られず、形態安定性に劣り、作業性に劣るものであった。
【００３９】
【発明の効果】
本発明に係る育苗用不織布は、所定の繊維径を有する太繊度短繊維を構成繊維としている。この繊維は、曲げモーメントが大きく、緻密に交絡しないため、繊維間の空隙が大きい不織布が得られるので、この繊維間空隙に種籾から発芽した根が入り込み、不織布の裏面に良好に張るため、不織布表面上に根が浮き上がりにくい。従って、この不織布付き苗をロール状に巻回した場合、更に不織布付き苗を田植機に載せて、苗を掻き取りながら田に移植する場合に、苗を痛めることが少ないという効果を奏する。
【００４０】
また、本発明に係る育苗用不織布は、所定の繊維径を有する細繊度短繊維をも構成繊維としている。この繊維は、曲げモーメントが小さく、交絡処理の際に移動性が高いので、太繊度短繊維に絡み付き、太繊度短繊維同士の繋ぎとしての役割を担い、所定の引張強力を具備させることができる。従って、育苗用不織布に所望の形態安定性を付与することができ、不織布付き苗を巻回しやすく、所望のロール状とすることができる。また、所望の引張強力となっているため、不織布付き苗を田植機に載せて、苗を掻き取る場合、不織布も簡単に破断し、苗の移植作業が連続して効率的に行えるという効果を奏する。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a nonwoven fabric for raising seedlings used when growing rice seedlings in hydroponics or non-hydroponics.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Since ancient times, rice cultivation has been carried out by the procedure of sowing seed culm on the soil (seedling stock) laid in a seedling box and covering it, and then transplanting the seedling that has been grown up into a rice field during the rainy season. Seedlings grown in seedlings are soiled seedlings, are very heavy, and sometimes require labor and labor to transport them when they are replanted in rice fields.
[0003]
For this reason, in recent years, seedling raising methods that do not use a seedling box have been proposed. For example, a method of laying a long non-woven fabric (referred to as “long mat” in the industry) on the bottom of the water tank and sowing seeds on the non-woven fabric, or laying a non-woven fabric on the soil, A method of sowing seed pods on a nonwoven fabric has been proposed. According to these methods, since the seedling grows on the nonwoven fabric and becomes a seedling with a nonwoven fabric, there is an advantage that the weight is lighter than the seedling with soil, and the transportation when replanting in a rice field becomes easy. In addition, since the seedling with a nonwoven fabric is a long thing, it rolls and makes it roll shape, this is mounted on a rice transplanter, and a seedling is transplanted to a rice field, breaking to a predetermined dimension.
[0004]
However, when these methods are adopted, the following technical problems have been pointed out. (1) Since the soil is not covered after sowing the seed pods, the roots rise when raising seedlings. That is, the roots are lifted up on the nonwoven fabric surface without roots in the nonwoven fabric or on the back surface of the nonwoven fabric. Therefore, the seedling with a nonwoven fabric is scraped off by the rice transplanter (that is, the nonwoven fabric is cut), and the seedling may be damaged when transplanted. (2) When the seedling is scraped off by the rice transplanter, the nonwoven fabric is also broken together, but the nonwoven fabric may not be cut by the scraping of the rice transplanter, and the transplanting operation may not be performed continuously.
[0005]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem (1), it is considered that, for example, a non-woven fabric having a large gap between constituent fibers formed by entanglement of fibers having a large fiber diameter may be employed. This is because with such a nonwoven fabric, it is considered that roots enter the gaps between the constituent fibers, and the roots are stretched in the nonwoven fabric or on the back surface of the nonwoven fabric. However, since the fiber with a large fiber diameter is inferior in confounding property, the form stability of the nonwoven fabric itself is lowered. Therefore, even if it became difficult to wind the seedling with nonwoven fabric in a roll shape, or even when it could be wound, when it was put on the rice transplanter, its form collapsed, and there was a grudge that transplanting work by the rice transplanter was difficult to perform . Moreover, in order to solve the problem of (2), it is thought that what has a weak tensile strength as a nonwoven fabric should just be employ | adopted. However, those having a low tensile strength are generally inferior in the form stability of the nonwoven fabric itself, and as described above, it is difficult to carry out the transplanting operation by the rice transplanter.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems (1) and (2) all at once. The present invention is a nonwoven fabric structure in which a large amount of short fine fibers and a small amount of fine fine fibers are mixed and entangled with each other. It is intended to maintain the form of the nonwoven fabric itself by the presence of the fine fineness fibers while maintaining the large inter-fiber voids obtained by the entanglement of the thick fineness short fibers.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention is a non-woven fabric that is integrated only by three-dimensional entanglement of the fine fine fiber short fiber with the fine fine fiber short fiber that is a constituent fiber by high-pressure liquid flow treatment, and the constituent fiber is a biodegradable short fiber. Single fineness of the fine fine short fiber is 0.1 to 3 denier, single fineness of the fine fine short fiber is 4 to 25 denier, and the single yarn fineness ratio of the fine fine short fiber to the thick fine short fiber is (Single yarn fineness of thick fine short fiber) / (Single yarn fineness of fine fine short fiber) = 3-50, and the blending ratio of fine fine short fiber and thick fine short fiber is (fine fine short fiber ) : (thick (Fineness short fibers ) = 20: 80 to 80:20 The gist of the nonwoven fabric for growing seedlings of rice, which is characterized in that:
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As the biodegradable short fibers used in the present invention, conventionally known biodegradable short fibers such as cotton (cotton), rayon short fibers, and aliphatic polyester short fibers such as polylactic acid short fibers are used. The reason for using biodegradable short fibers is to disintegrate with the growth of rice in the soil after planting. In addition, when the seedling is scraped off by the rice transplanter, the seedling nonwoven fabric composed of the biodegradable short fibers is easily broken.
[0009]
The non-woven fabric for raising seedlings of the present invention is composed of fine fine fibers and short fine fibers, the fine fine fibers have a single yarn fineness of 0.1 to 3 denier, and the thick fine fibers have a single yarn fineness of 4. ˜25 denier, the single yarn fineness ratio of the fine fine short fiber and the thick fine short fiber is (single fineness of the thick fine short fiber) / (single fineness of the fine fine short fiber) = 3-50. In the present invention, the single yarn fineness ratio is defined as “single yarn fineness ratio = (single yarn fineness of short fine fiber) / (single yarn fineness of fine fine fiber)”.
[0010]
The fine fine fiber needs to have a single yarn fineness of 0.1 to 3 denier, and is preferably 0.2 to 2 denier. If the single yarn fineness is less than 0.1 denier, it is not preferable because the productivity and operability are poor. Conversely, if the single yarn fineness exceeds 3 denier, the confounding property of the fine fineness fibers tends to be poor. The fine fine fibers are entangled with the fine fine fibers, and the role of connecting the fine fine fibers cannot be sufficiently fulfilled, and the nonwoven fabric excellent in form stability and mechanical strength intended by the present invention cannot be obtained.
[0011]
On the other hand, the single fiber fineness of the thick fine fiber is required to be 4 to 25 denier, and preferably 5 to 20 denier. When the single yarn fineness exceeds 25 denier, in the three-dimensional entanglement imparting step such as high-pressure liquid flow, the thick fine staple fibers are not easily deformed even when high energy is applied, and the fine fine staple fibers are mixed. Nevertheless, it becomes difficult to interlace and integrate the fibers. Therefore, the obtained nonwoven fabric for raising seedlings is inferior in form stability and becomes a problem in transplanting operations using a rice planting machine after raising rice seedlings. Moreover, in the nonwoven fabric manufacturing process, the strength of the nonwoven fabric is inferior, so that troubles such as the nonwoven fabric being unable to withstand tension occur in the winding process or the like. On the other hand, if it is less than 4 denier, the gap between the fibers becomes small, the root cannot enter the gap, and the root rises, which is not preferable.
[0012]
The single yarn fineness ratio between the fine fineness short fibers and the thick fineness short fibers needs to be 3 to 50, and more preferably 4 to 40. When the single yarn fineness ratio is less than 3, the fineness difference between the fine fine fiber and the thick fine fiber becomes too small, and the entanglement between the fibers becomes dense as a whole, and the desired inter-fiber gap is large. As a result, the roots cannot enter the voids between the fibers, and the roots rise. On the other hand, when the single yarn fineness ratio exceeds 50, the fineness difference becomes too large, and the uniformity of the resulting cotton is inferior when the nonwoven web is produced. And the large fineness short fibers have a large difference in bending moment, the fine fineness short fibers are less likely to get entangled with the thick fineness short fibers, and the mechanical strength of the resulting nonwoven fabric becomes extremely inferior.
[0013]
Cotton mixing ratio of the fine denier staple fibers and a large fineness short fibers (weight ratio), (fineness short fiber) :( large fineness short fiber) = 20: 80 to 80: Ru 20 der. Furthermore, it is preferable that it is 30: 70-50: 50. If the blending ratio of the fine fine fiber is less than 20% by weight, the proportion of the fine fine fiber constituting the nonwoven fabric decreases, so that the fine fine fiber is entangled between the thick fine fiber and serves as a tie. However, it is difficult to obtain a nonwoven fabric with good form stability, although it is excellent in bulkiness but has insufficient mechanical strength. On the other hand, when the blending ratio of the fine fineness short fibers exceeds 80% by weight, the entanglement between the fibers becomes dense, it is difficult to obtain a nonwoven fabric having a large inter-fiber void, and the mechanical strength is higher than necessary and is not easily broken. As a result, when the seedling is scraped off by the rice transplanter, the nonwoven fabric tends not to be cut by the scraper of the rice transplanter.
[0014]
The bulk density of the seedling for nonwoven fabric of the present invention is preferably 0.08 g / cm 3 or less, further preferably 0.06 g / cm 3 or less. The bulk density is an index of the bulkiness, that is, the inter-fiber void. When the bulk density is 0.08 g / cm 3 or more, the void between the fibers is small and the root is difficult to enter the void. It is not preferable because it cannot be stretched and tends to cause rooting. This bulk density was defined by the following formula.
Bulk density (g / cm 3 ) = weight per unit area (g / m 2 ) / thickness (mm) / 1000
The thickness of each non-woven fabric was determined by preparing five test pieces having a width of 10 cm and a length of 10 cm, and applying a load of 4.5 g / cm 2 with a thickness measuring device manufactured by Otsuchi Chemical Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd. Was measured, and the average value was defined as the thickness (mm).
[0015]
The basis weight of the nonwoven fabric for raising seedlings of the present invention is preferably 10 to 80 g / m 2 . This is because it is lightweight and the shape stability of the nonwoven fabric itself can be maintained to some extent.
[0016]
Such a seedling nonwoven fabric has a sum of tensile strengths in the longitudinal direction and the width direction of 1 to 5 kg / 5 cm. If the sum of the tensile strengths is less than 1 kg / 5 cm width, the seedling with a nonwoven fabric tends to break when the seedling with a nonwoven fabric is wound in a roll shape, which is not preferable. On the other hand, when the sum of the tensile strengths exceeds 5 kg / 5 cm, it is not preferable because the seedling non-woven fabric is hardly broken when the seedling is scraped off by the rice transplanter.
[0017]
Here, the measuring methods of tensile strength and tensile elongation are as follows. That is, according to the strip method described in JIS-L-1096, 10 test pieces having a width of 5 cm and a length of 15 cm were prepared, and a constant-speed extension type tensile tester (Tensilon UTM-4-1-100, manufactured by Orientec Co., Ltd.). ), The maximum tensile strength and tensile elongation were measured under the conditions of a grip interval of 10 cm and a tensile speed of 10 cm / min, and the average value of 10 test pieces in the longitudinal direction and the width direction was determined as the tensile strength ( kg / 5 cm) and tensile elongation (%).
[0018]
Moreover, in this invention, the tearing strength of the width direction of the nonwoven fabric for raising seedlings is 500 g or less. When this tear strength exceeds 500 g, when the seedling is scraped off by a rice transplanter, the nonwoven fabric for raising seedling is not easily broken and the seedling is easily damaged, which is not preferable. About the tearing strength of the longitudinal direction of the nonwoven fabric for raising seedlings, it is arbitrary and may exceed 500 g. This is because the longitudinal direction of the nonwoven fabric for raising seedlings is relatively easily broken by the sickle attached to the rice transplanter.
[0019]
Here, the tear strength measurement method is as follows. That is, according to the pendulum method described in JIS-L-1096, 10 test pieces having a width of 6.5 cm and a length of 10 cm were prepared and measured, and the average value was taken as the tear strength of the nonwoven fabric for raising seedlings. When measuring the tearing strength in the width direction of the nonwoven fabric for raising seedlings, measuring the width direction of the nonwoven fabric to be the longitudinal direction of the test piece is the same as in the case of tensile strength.
[0020]
The non-woven fabric for raising rice seedlings as described above can be suitably manufactured by the following method, for example.
First, the single yarn fineness of the fine fine short fiber is 0.1 to 3 denier, the single yarn fineness of the thick fine short fiber is 4 to 25 denier, and the single yarn fineness ratio of the fine fine short fiber to the thick fine short fiber is (thick Single fineness of fine fine fibers) / (single fineness of fine fine fibers) = 3-50, fine fine fibers and thick fine fibers are mixed. The blend ratio is preferably 20:80 to 80:20 by weight. Next, the mixed cotton is spread and accumulated using a card machine to form a nonwoven web having a predetermined basis weight. The degree of arrangement of the fibers constituting the nonwoven web can be controlled by a card machine or the like. For example, a parallel web arranged in the direction of travel of the card machine using a parallel card machine, a cross-laid web of parallel webs, a random web of fibers arranged randomly using a random card machine, or a medium arrangement of both Semi-random web.
[0021]
The resulting nonwoven web is then subjected to a high pressure liquid flow treatment to entangle the constituent fibers. As the high-pressure liquid processing apparatus, a known apparatus may be used. For example, an orifice in which a plurality of injection holes having a hole diameter of 0.05 to 1.5 mm are arranged in one row or a plurality of rows at an injection interval of 0.05 to 5 mm. A device that ejects from the head in a column shape at high pressure is used.
[0022]
In this case, the nonwoven web, and carried on the porous support member, the opposite side, that impinging a high pressure liquid stream from above the nonwoven c E blanking the porous support member is present. The porous support member here is not particularly limited as long as the high-pressure liquid flow penetrates the nonwoven web and the support member, such as a mesh screen or a perforated plate made of metal or synthetic resin. When the mesh of the mesh screen becomes coarse, pores are imparted to the resulting nonwoven fabric.
[0023]
The injection pressure may be about 10 to 100 kg / cm 2 . If the spraying pressure is too low, the entanglement between the fibers is reduced, and it becomes difficult to obtain a nonwoven fabric for raising seedlings excellent in form stability. If the spray pressure is too high, the entanglement between the fibers becomes too close, the tensile strength becomes too high, and it becomes difficult to break when the seedling is scraped off by the rice transplanter. Therefore, it is preferably 20 to 60 kg / cm 2 . The high-pressure liquid flow treatment may be performed only once on the nonwoven web, or may be performed twice or more.
[0024]
After performing the high-pressure liquid flow treatment, a drying treatment is performed. At this time, it is preferable to first remove excess moisture from the nonwoven fabric in which the treated constituent fibers are entangled with each other. A known method can be employed for the removal of the excess water. For example, the excess water is mechanically removed to some extent using a squeezing device such as a mangle roll. Subsequently, residual moisture is removed using a suction band type drying apparatus or the like.
[0025]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated based on an Example, this invention is not limited to an Example.
[0026]
Example 1
As the fine fine fibers, rayon fibers having a single yarn fineness of 2 denier and a fiber length of 51 mm were used. On the other hand, a rayon fiber having a single yarn fineness of 20 denier and a fiber length of 51 mm was used as the thick fine fiber. The single yarn fineness ratio between the fine fine fiber and the thick fine fiber is 10.
[0027]
Fine fine short fibers and thick fine short fibers were mixed in a weight ratio of 50:50, and a nonwoven web was obtained using a parallel card machine. Next, the nonwoven web was placed on a moving 100 mesh plastic mesh screen (woven fabric woven into a parallel structure with a plastic wire), and a high-pressure liquid stream was sprayed toward the fiber web. The high-pressure liquid flow uses an apparatus in which injection holes having a hole diameter of 0.1 mm are arranged at a hole interval of 0.6 mm, and is 50 kg / kg from the position 50 mm above the nonwoven web (that is, the upper side opposite to the plastic mesh screen). The nonwoven web was sprayed twice with a pressure of cm 2 to obtain a nonwoven fabric with a basis weight of 50 g / m 2 in which the constituent fibers were entangled. Then, excess water was removed from the nonwoven fabric and a drying treatment was performed to obtain a nonwoven fabric for raising seedlings. Table 1 shows various physical properties of the seedling nonwoven fabric.
[0028]
Example 2
In Example 1, except that a small fineness short fibers and large fineness short fibers and cotton mixing at a ratio of 25:75 by weight ratio, to obtain a basis weight 50 g / m 2 of nursery for nonwoven fabric in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 1 shows various physical properties of the seedling nonwoven fabric.
[0029]
Example 3
In Example 1, a nonwoven fabric for raising seedlings having a basis weight of 50 g / m 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the fine fine short fibers and the thick fine short fibers were mixed in a weight ratio of 75:25. Table 1 shows various physical properties of the seedling nonwoven fabric.
[0030]
Example 4
A nonwoven fabric for raising seedlings having a basis weight of 50 g / m 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was supported on a plastic mesh screen having a mesh size of 8 mesh. Table 1 shows various physical properties of the seedling nonwoven fabric.
[0031]
Example 5
In Example 1, a nonwoven fabric for raising seedlings having a basis weight of 50 g / m 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that polylactic acid short fibers having a single yarn fineness of 2 denier and a fiber length of 51 mm were used as the fine fine fibers. It was. Table 1 shows various physical properties of the seedling nonwoven fabric.
[0032]
Example 6
In Example 1, an average single yarn fineness of 1.5 denier cotton was used as the fine fineness short fiber, and the basis weight was 50 g / m 2 in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the single yarn fineness ratio was 13.3. A non-woven fabric for raising seedlings was obtained. Table 1 shows various physical properties of the seedling nonwoven fabric.
[0033]
Comparative Example 1
In Example 1, a nonwoven fabric for raising seedlings having a basis weight of 50 g / m 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the non-woven web consisting only of fine fine fibers was used without using the short fine fibers. Table 1 shows various physical properties of the seedling nonwoven fabric.
[0034]
Comparative Example 2
In Example 1, a nonwoven fabric for raising seedlings having a basis weight of 50 g / m 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the non-fine fine fibers were not used and the non-woven web consisting only of thick fine fibers was used. Table 1 shows various physical properties of the seedling nonwoven fabric.
[0035]
The nonwoven fabrics for raising seedlings according to Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 obtained as described above are cut into a predetermined long shape, laid on a seeding floor, and up to the base of the seed rice root of paddy rice. The height is measured and the ratio of the height of 10 mm or more on the non-woven fabric is defined as the lift rate. The lift rate is 10% or less, and the lift rate is more than 10%. It was. Moreover, the seedling with the nonwoven fabric which finished the raising seedling was wound in roll shape, and it mounted on the rice transplanter, and transplanted the seedling. At that time, the non-woven fabric was ruptured satisfactorily and the seedlings with good scraping ability were evaluated as “good”, and the non-woven fabric was hardly ruptured and the seedlings with poor scraping ability were evaluated as “bad”. It was.
[0036]
[Table 1]
[0037]
On the other hand, Comparative Example 1 consisting only of short fine fibers has a dense and strong entanglement between the fibers, so that there is no root in the nonwoven fabric and on the back surface of the nonwoven fabric, and the scraping property is inferior. It was.
[0038]
Comparative Example 2 consisting only of short fibers having a large fineness was inferior in entanglement between the fibers, so that practical strength was not obtained, morphology stability was inferior, and workability was inferior.
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
The nonwoven fabric for raising seedlings according to the present invention uses thick short fibers having a predetermined fiber diameter as constituent fibers. Since this fiber has a large bending moment and is not densely entangled, a non-woven fabric with large gaps between the fibers is obtained, so that the roots sprouted from the seeds enter into the inter-fiber spaces and stretches well on the back surface of the non-woven fabric. Roots are difficult to lift on the surface. Therefore, when this non-woven fabric seedling is wound in a roll shape, when the non-woven fabric seedling is further placed on a rice transplanter and transplanted to a rice field while scraping off the seedling, the seedling is less likely to be damaged.
[0040]
Moreover, the nonwoven fabric for raising seedlings according to the present invention also uses short fine fibers having a predetermined fiber diameter as constituent fibers. Since this fiber has a small bending moment and a high mobility during the entanglement treatment, it can be entangled with the short fibers having a high fineness, serve as a connection between the short fibers having a large fineness, and have a predetermined tensile strength. . Therefore, the desired shape stability can be imparted to the nonwoven fabric for raising seedlings, and the seedling with the nonwoven fabric can be easily wound and formed into a desired roll shape. In addition, because it has the desired tensile strength, when the seedling with a nonwoven fabric is placed on a rice transplanter and scraped off, the nonwoven fabric can be easily broken and the transplanting operation of the seedling can be performed efficiently and continuously. Play.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP23251199A JP4189897B2 (en) | 1999-08-19 | 1999-08-19 | Non-woven fabric for rice seedling |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP23251199A JP4189897B2 (en) | 1999-08-19 | 1999-08-19 | Non-woven fabric for rice seedling |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001064860A JP2001064860A (en) | 2001-03-13 |
| JP4189897B2 true JP4189897B2 (en) | 2008-12-03 |
Family
ID=16940488
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP23251199A Expired - Fee Related JP4189897B2 (en) | 1999-08-19 | 1999-08-19 | Non-woven fabric for rice seedling |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4189897B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4524485B2 (en) * | 2005-08-10 | 2010-08-18 | 多機能フィルター株式会社 | Biodegradable topsoil protection sheet and vegetation sheet |
| CN104145642B (en) * | 2014-07-19 | 2016-05-04 | 凤台县农机化技术服务推广站 | A kind of method of utilizing the rice transplanting of degradable corn fabric nonwoven cloth cultivating machine |
-
1999
- 1999-08-19 JP JP23251199A patent/JP4189897B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2001064860A (en) | 2001-03-13 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE1710989A1 (en) | Process for the production of nonwovens | |
| JP4189897B2 (en) | Non-woven fabric for rice seedling | |
| JP4873256B2 (en) | Laminated sheet and method for producing the same | |
| EP0434900B1 (en) | Seed-strip having an upper and a lower web to stick seed-grains thereon | |
| US5397368A (en) | Specialty sod mats constructed of nonwoven fabric | |
| JP4509528B2 (en) | Nonwoven fabric for hydroponics rice seedling | |
| JP4201064B2 (en) | Method for producing non-woven rice seedling material | |
| JP3448612B2 (en) | Nonwoven fabric for raising rice seedlings and method for producing the same | |
| JP2002209460A (en) | Sheet for raising seedling for hydroponic | |
| JP2940608B1 (en) | Nonwoven fabric for raising rice seedlings | |
| DE2729405A1 (en) | Flexible plant growing bed base opt. with embedded seed or nutrients - comprises soil or peat layer, water-permeable top foam or paper layer and connecting fibres anchored in the top layer | |
| JP2003250350A (en) | Long nursery mat | |
| JP4256528B2 (en) | Rice cultivation method | |
| JPH09201127A (en) | Base material for plant growing | |
| JPH06233632A (en) | Non-woven fabric sheet for protecting cultivated plant | |
| JPH0995850A (en) | Nonwoven fabric of polylactate-based filament and its production | |
| JP3768950B2 (en) | Sheet for planting, natural plant structure, natural plant structure tile and natural plant structure unit | |
| JP4222925B2 (en) | High strength long fiber nonwoven fabric | |
| JPH10102369A (en) | Nursery pot base material | |
| JP7473956B2 (en) | Greening materials | |
| JPH06303850A (en) | Plant-growing mat | |
| JP5378824B2 (en) | Water absorption sheet | |
| CN215820824U (en) | Non-woven fabric with terry | |
| JP2725930B2 (en) | Water supply mat | |
| JPH0730630U (en) | Nursery sheet |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20060814 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20080417 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20080422 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20080620 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20080729 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20080804 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20080826 |
|
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20080910 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110926 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110926 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120926 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130926 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130926 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |