JP4189829B2 - Swing ring type braking system - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a braking type and a braking device for traveling of a transportation vehicle or the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, the braking type of a braking device for a transport vehicle is generally used by controlling the rotation of the wheel by braking the brake shoe firmly in a certain direction against the brake disc directly connected to the axle or the wheel. It has been.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Conventional braking types require a force that strongly presses the brake shoe against the brake disc, but the force or braking force must be stronger as the vehicle weight and travel speed increase. Therefore, most vehicles except light vehicles use a strong force by a hydraulic device or the like as a braking force. The present invention uses a rotational force of a rotating wheel during traveling without using a hydraulic device or the like as a braking force, and is thus made for efficiently braking and controlling the traveling of a vehicle. .
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The braking system according to the present invention uses the rotational force of the vehicle wheel, that is, the running force of the vehicle as the braking force, and is connected to the brake disk that rotates the brake shoe in a swinging contact type. By generating a swinging force in the mechanism so that the contact wheel pressure is automatically applied and controlling the swing angle of the brake shoe, the rotation of the wheel, that is, the traveling, is efficiently braked and controlled. .
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The configuration of the braking device according to the swing contact wheel type braking system of the present invention includes a brake disk directly connected to an axle, a brake shoe having a swing mechanism, and a swing control mechanism that controls the swing of the brake shoe, that is, a brake control mechanism. It is comprised by. The shape and material of each body of the brake disc and the brake shoe are substantially the same as the conventional one.
[0006]
Next, the basic structure and the braking function of the braking device according to the swing contact wheel type braking system of the present invention will be described in detail.
[0007]
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the basic structure and braking function of a braking system according to the braking system of the present invention. A location where a brake shoe 1 is pressed against a brake disc 2, that is, a contact ring location where braking is performed is shown on the disc. FIG. 6 is a right side view of the main braking mechanism at the time of contact with the outer circumferential surface. Note that the swing control mechanism is omitted to avoid complication of the drawing. Moreover, the side surface said here is a case where the surface seen from the front of a vehicle is made into the front.
[0008]
In FIG. 1, the center of the brake disc 2 is O, the swinging fulcrum of the brake shoe 1 is P, and the brake shoe 1 and the swinging rod 3 are freely connected via a rotating shaft. Let R be the center point. Note that the small circles centered on the points O, P, and R indicate that they are rotation axes, and the directions of these rotation axes are parallel to each other in the case of FIG.
[0009]
This is to make the swinging direction of the brake shoe at the time of contact with the wheel coincide with the moving direction of the disk at the contact point, and also to bring the contact surface between the brake shoe and the disk into close contact. Note that the bearing of the rotating shaft at the point P receives a strong braking force directly and must be firmly fixed to the vehicle body. In addition, when the contact wheel is OFF, that is, when the brake is OFF, the contact surface between the brake shoe and the disc is automatically separated completely by using a spring at the universal joint between the brake shoe and the swinging rod. The tangent surfaces of both are set so that they are parallel to each other.
[00010]
Therefore, the brake shoe having the swing mechanism is the brake shoe 1 that is freely coupled to the swing rod 3 connected to the swing support point P as shown in FIG. In the case of FIG. 1, the swinging rod 3 is swung up and down to perform the contact wheel ON / OFF operation, that is, the brake ON / OFF operation, and the contact wheel pressure control, that is, the braking force control.
[00011]
The contact ring system as described above is referred to as a swing contact ring type, and although not shown in FIG. 1, the brake control mechanism is a mechanism that controls how the swing bar 3 is swung.
[00012]
Next, the braking function will be described. In FIG. 1, it is assumed that the brake shoe 1 is lightly pressed by a swing mechanism to a brake disc 2 that rotates counterclockwise as indicated by an arrow. The brake shoe is pulled in the rotating direction of the contact surface of the disc in order to apply a light contact pressure at the same time as contacting the disc. In other words, the swing mechanism generates a swing force that swings the swing bar 3 downward by the rotational force of the disk.
[00013]
However, since the contact ring pressure becomes stronger as the swing bar 3 is directed downward, strong braking is applied to the rotation of the disk. The swinging force for swinging the swinging rod 3 varies greatly depending on the position of the swinging fulcrum P. However, the swinging force is related to the contact frictional resistance of the contact portion, and the brake shoe material and the contact area of the contact portion. Of course, it differs depending on the case.
[00014]
In this manner, the brake shoe is swung by using the rotational force of the disk, that is, the rotational force of the wheel, and braking is applied. This braking force is based on the positional relationship of the contact ring mechanism, that is, the brake shoe. The swing fulcrum P, the center O of the brake disc, the ring contact point, and the relative positional relationship of these three points greatly differ.
[00015]
As shown in FIG. 1, the intersection point of the straight line connecting O and R and the outer circumference of the brake disk is defined as Q, and this Q point is set as the equivalent contact point of the contact point. In addition, the crossing angle between the straight line passing through Q and P and the straight line passing through Q and O is θ, and θ is a contact angle.
[00016]
The contact wheel angle θ indicates the relative positional relationship of the contact wheel mechanism, and the braking force is closely related to this θ. The smaller the value of θ, the better the braking efficiency and the greater the braking force. . However, in the case of FIG. 1, when the disk rotates in the reverse direction, no braking force is generated and there is no braking function.
[00017]
The practical numerical value of the contact ring angle θ is in the range of about 0 ° to 30 ° according to the experimental results, but it is reasonable to make the value as small as possible, that is, 10 ° or less. However, in the case of FIG. 1, the contact ring is likely to come off suddenly when θ is close to 0 °. Therefore, when θ is 2 ° to 3 °, which is slightly larger than 0 °, the angle should not be less than that. A stopper to prevent excessive swinging must be provided.
[00018]
Therefore, as a setting standard for the contact ring mechanism as shown in FIG. 1, the value of θ at the required maximum braking force may be set to 2 ° to 3 ° in accordance with the angle at which the swing stopper works. The adjustment of θ may be performed by changing the length of the swing bar or the position of the swing fulcrum. The state where θ is 0 ° is when the position of the point R is on the line connecting O and P.
[00019]
What has been described above is an explanation of the basic braking function, and is a case where braking control is not performed. Therefore, when braking is applied in the case of FIG. 1, the swinging force is generated at the same time as the brake shoe contacts the disc, and the swinging of the brake shoe is automatically performed until the maximum braking force adapted to the rotational force is applied. Moreover, it progresses rapidly. That is, a sudden brake is applied. Therefore, the braking control may be performed by controlling the process in which the sudden braking is applied.
[00020]
Next, the control mechanism of the braking device according to the present braking method will be described. FIG. 2 is a right side view of the main braking mechanism for explaining the basic method and mechanism of the braking control. In FIG. 2, 4 is a push spring for adjusting the swing force, 5 is a control operation terminal, 6 is a swing stopper, and the other symbols are the same as in FIG.
[00021]
The pushing spring 4 for adjusting the swinging force is for preventing the sudden braking automatically and making the swinging operation, that is, the control operation by the control terminal 5 smooth and easy. Therefore, the brake control may be performed by swinging the brake shoe 1 using the control operation terminal 5. However, if the strength of the push spring 4 is adjusted, the brake control is performed by the strength of the control operation force applied to the control terminal 5. I can do it.
[00022]
What has been described above relates to the braking control function when the length of the swing bar is constant, but in order to make the control operation smoother and easier, that is, the substantial length of the swing bar, that is, In FIG. 2, the length of the straight line connecting the point P and the point Q may be automatically shortened slightly as the contact ring pressure increases. As shown in FIG. 2, even when the length of the swing bar is constant without changing, when braking is actually applied, the change in the degree of adhesion of the contact surface, the brake shoe body and the support mechanism thereof Due to the expansion and contraction due to the contact ring pressure, the substantial length of the swing bar changes somewhat.
[00023]
The basic braking function and control method of the braking system according to the present invention has been described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. This is a case where the rotation of the wheel is limited to a certain direction, that is, left rotation, and the wheel is reversed. In the case of rotation, there is no braking effect if the braking mechanism shown in the figure is used as it is. Therefore, when strong braking is required even when the vehicle is moving backward, the brake shoe must be in contact with one brake disk in two ways, forward and backward.
[00024]
Also, the above description of braking and control is an example in the case where the contact ring portion is the outer circumferential surface of the brake disc, but even when the ring contact portion is different, that is, the inner circumferential surface of the disc or the disc If the swinging fulcrum is set to a position that adapts to each ring contact point, the above description is applied as it is to the description of these braking and control. That is, the braking system according to the present invention can be applied to various conventional braking types.
【Example】
With reference to the drawings, description will be given of embodiments in which the swing contact wheel braking system according to the present invention is applied to various conventional braking systems.
[00025]
The drawings shown below are for explanation only, the control mechanism section is omitted, and only the basic main configuration of the braking mechanism is shown, and is not an actual configuration diagram.
[00026]
FIG. 3 is a right side view of a main braking mechanism according to an embodiment in which the contact portion of the brake is the outer circumferential surface of the brake disc 2 and the position of the swing fulcrum P of the brake shoe 1 is outside the disc circumference. is there.
[00027]
In FIG. 3, there are two brake shoes 1 with a swing mechanism, which are for forward and reverse movements, the left side is for left rotation braking and the right side is for right rotation braking. The braking control may be performed by operating the swing of each swing bar 3. The braking method shown in FIG. 3 can also be applied to a railway vehicle that performs powerful braking by using the wheels themselves as brake discs.
[00028]
FIG. 4 shows a main braking mechanism according to an embodiment in which the contact portion is the outer circumferential surface of the brake disc 2 as in FIG. 3, and the position of the swing fulcrum P of the brake shoe 1 is the inner side of the disc circumference. It is a right view.
[00029]
In the case of FIG. 4, the number of brake shoes 1 having a swing mechanism is one, but forward and backward braking is possible. That is, braking in the forward direction is performed by swinging the swinging rod 3 to the left as shown by a solid line, and braking in the reverse drive may be performed by swinging the swinging rod 3 to the right as shown by a dotted line. Further, in order to turn off braking, that is, contact off, it is only necessary to fix the swinging rod 3 to the middle of the left and right swing angles, that is, the position where the contact wheel angle θ is 0 °. In the case of FIG. 4, the swing stopper is unnecessary.
[00030]
Here, as shown in FIG. 4, in the case of a braking type in which one brake shoe 1 with a swing mechanism is driven in forward and reverse directions by swinging in the forward and reverse directions with a contact angle of 0 ° as a reference. The following points should be noted.
[00031]
The gap between the contact surfaces of the brake shoe 1 and the brake disc 2 when braking is set to be as small as possible. This is because the change in the contact wheel angle θ during braking, contrary to the case of FIG. 1, increases as the braking becomes stronger. Therefore, from the point of braking efficiency, θ during braking is made as small as possible. Because it is necessary to do.
[00032]
FIG. 5 is a right side view of the main braking mechanism according to the embodiment in which the contact ring portion is the inner circumferential surface of the brake disc 2 and the position of the swing fulcrum P is the inner side of the disc circumference.
[00033]
Although there are two brake shoes with a swing mechanism, as in the case of FIG. 3, it is for forward and reverse movement, the left side is for left rotation braking, and the right side is for right rotation braking . The braking control is performed by swinging each swinging bar 3.
[00034]
FIG. 6 is a right side view of the main braking mechanism in an embodiment in which the contact ring portion is the inner circumferential surface of the brake disc 2 as in FIG. 5 and the swing fulcrum P is located outside the disc circumference. is there.
[00035]
In the case of FIG. 6, one brake shoe with a swing mechanism can be used to perform forward and reverse braking (indicated by dotted lines) by changing the swing direction of the swing bar 3 as in FIG. . In this case, the swing stopper is unnecessary.
[00036]
FIG. 7 is a main braking mechanism diagram showing a basic mechanism of braking according to an embodiment in which the contact ring portion is a disc surface of the brake disc 2. In the figure, the left side is a front view and the right side is a right side view.
[00037]
In the case of FIG. 7, the shape of the brake shoe 1, the position of the swing fulcrum P, and the direction of the swing are different from those shown so far, but the braking function is almost the same as described above. . In the figure, only the braking mechanism in the case of forward movement is shown.
【The invention's effect】
The braking system according to the present invention is implemented in the form as described above, and has the following effects.
[00038]
Since this braking system uses the rotational force of the wheel during traveling as the braking force, a conventionally used powerful force generator dedicated to braking, that is, a hydraulic device or the like is not necessary.
[00039]
Since this braking method has a correlation between the braking force and the rotational force of the wheels, it can be applied to heavy vehicles that require a strong braking force.
[00040]
In the present braking method, the braking control by the swinging operation of the swinging rod can be easily performed by adjusting the swinging force of the brake shoe generated during braking using a spring or the like.
[00041]
In the present braking system, a braking force can be applied according to the rotational force of the wheels, so that even if a sudden brake is applied, the side slip phenomenon of the vehicle can be prevented.
[0004]
This braking method can be used for various conventional braking types.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a right side view of a main braking mechanism for explaining a braking function of a swing contact wheel type braking system.
FIG. 2 is a right side view of a main braking mechanism for explaining a braking control function of a swing contact wheel type braking system.
FIG. 3 is a right side view of a main braking mechanism showing an embodiment of a swing contact ring type braking system in a case where a contact ring portion is an outer circumferential surface of a brake disc and a swing fulcrum is outside the disc circumference.
FIG. 4 is a right side view of a main braking mechanism showing an embodiment of a swing contact ring type braking system when a contact ring portion is an outer circumferential surface of a brake disc and a swing fulcrum is an inner side of the disc circumference.
FIG. 5 is a right side view of a main braking mechanism showing an embodiment of a swing contact ring type braking system when a contact ring portion is an inner circumferential surface of a brake disc and a swing fulcrum is an inner side of the disc circumference.
FIG. 6 is a right side view of a main braking mechanism showing an embodiment of a swing contact ring type braking system when a contact ring portion is an inner circumferential surface of a brake disc and a swing fulcrum is outside the disc circumference.
FIGS. 7A and 7B are a front view and a right side view of a main braking mechanism showing an embodiment of a swing contact wheel type braking system when a contact ring portion is a disc surface of a brake disc.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Brake shoe 2 Brake disc 3 Swing bar 4 Push spring 5 Control operation terminal 6 Swing stopper O Brake disc center point P Swing fulcrum Q Equivalent contact point R Brake shoe free connection point θ Contact wheel angle

Claims (1)

As a braking system for traveling vehicles, a brake disc that rotates with the axle has a brake shoe body that extends on both sides centering on a universal coupling point with a swinging rod. The brake shoe with the swing mechanism is attached to the swing contact type in the range of the contact angle θ between 2 ° and 30 °, and the swinging force is generated in the swing mechanism by the rotational force of the wheel. The wheel contact pressure is automatically applied and the contact angle of the wheel is controlled by controlling the swing angle of the brake shoe to effectively brake and control the rotational force of the wheel, that is, the running force. Swing contact wheel type braking system that converts to braking force and brakes.

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