JP4184427B1 - Orthodontic treatment aligner - Google Patents

Orthodontic treatment aligner Download PDF

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JP4184427B1
JP4184427B1 JP2008130876A JP2008130876A JP4184427B1 JP 4184427 B1 JP4184427 B1 JP 4184427B1 JP 2008130876 A JP2008130876 A JP 2008130876A JP 2008130876 A JP2008130876 A JP 2008130876A JP 4184427 B1 JP4184427 B1 JP 4184427B1
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照子 筒井
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照子 筒井
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Abstract

【目的】 耐変形性を高めて、１回のステップでの歯の移動距離を伸ばし、歯列矯正治療の期間や費用を低減することができる、上顎側歯列矯正用のアライナーを提供する。
【構成】 歯科矯正治療時に患者の上顎側の歯列に対向させて使用される歯列対向部であって、患者のアライナー装着前の歯列の形状に基づいて形成され、その全体形状が前記上顎側の歯列に対応して略弓状に湾曲している歯列対向部と、歯科矯正治療時に患者の上顎側の口蓋に対向させて使用される口蓋対向部であって、患者のアライナー装着前の口蓋の形状に基づいて形成され、前記歯列対向部の歯頚部と略平行な内側湾曲縁部と前記歯列対向部の両端部を略直線状に結ぶ線分とにより囲まれた略扇状部分を有する口蓋対向部と、を含む上顎側歯列矯正用のアライナーである。
【選択図】 図１[Objective] To provide an aligner for maxillary orthodontic that can increase deformation resistance, extend the distance of tooth movement in one step, and reduce the period and cost of orthodontic treatment.
[Configuration] An dentition facing portion that is used facing an upper dentition of a patient at the time of orthodontic treatment, and is formed based on the shape of the dentition before the patient's aligner is mounted. A dentition facing portion that is curved in a generally arcuate shape corresponding to the dentition on the upper jaw side, and a palate facing portion that is used to face the palate on the upper jaw side of the patient during orthodontic treatment, the patient aligner It is formed based on the shape of the palate before mounting, and is surrounded by an inner curved edge portion substantially parallel to the cervical portion of the dentition facing portion and a line segment that connects both end portions of the dentition facing portion in a substantially straight line. An upper-side orthodontic aligner including a palate facing portion having a substantially fan-shaped portion.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

本発明は、歯列の矯正治療のために使用する透明樹脂製のアライナーに関する。   The present invention relates to an aligner made of a transparent resin used for orthodontic treatment of dentition.

従来より、患者の問題のある歯並びを矯正するために、透明なラミネート（高分子化合物から成る薄片）で少しずつ歯を矯正すべき方向に移動させた形に成型したものを段階的に用意して、それらを定期的に交換することにより矯正治療を進めていく可撤式装置（アライナー）が知られている。このアライナーは、従来のマルチブラケットシステムなどと比較して、審美的であることや違和感や痛みが少ないことなどから、近年、需要が増加している。   Conventionally, in order to correct the patient's problematic tooth arrangement, a transparent laminate (a thin film made of a polymer compound) is used to gradually prepare the teeth that have been moved in the direction to be corrected. In addition, a removable device (aligner) that promotes orthodontic treatment by periodically exchanging them is known. In recent years, the demand for this aligner is increasing because it is more aesthetic, less uncomfortable, and less painful than conventional multi-bracket systems.

このようなアライナーに関しては、現状では、数種類の方式が存在している。この内の主だった２種類の方式について説明する。   With regard to such an aligner, there are currently several types of methods. Two main methods will be described.

１つの種類の方式においては、矯正前の患者の歯列形状を示すシリコン印象を直接ＣＴスキャンしてコンピュータで制作した３Ｄ画像データに基づいて、クリンチェックで計画された治療計画と最終決定画像（矯正予想画像）に従って、最初のステップから最後のステップまでの各ステップでそれぞれ使用される多数のアライナー（各アライナーを形成する薄片の厚さは約０．３５〜０．７ｍｍで部位によって異なる）が一度にコンピュータ制御された工程で製造され、それらが一度に歯科医院側（患者側）に届けられる（特許文献１の図２Ａ，図２Ｃなど参照。また、特許文献２の図１Ａ，図１Ｃなど参照。また、商品名として例えば「インビザライン」）。例えば、矯正のため、或る歯を３ｍｍだけ移動させようとする場合、０．２ｍｍくらい毎に移動した形状のアライナーを計１５個、一度に製造し、歯科医院側（患者側）に一度に届ける。歯科医院側（患者側）では、この計１５個のアライナーを、各ステップ毎に２週間ずつ使用し、次のステップに進むときに交換する。   In one type of method, based on 3D image data created by a computer by directly CT scanning a silicon impression indicating the dentition shape of the patient before correction, a treatment plan and final decision image ( The number of aligners used in each step from the first step to the last step (the thickness of the flakes forming each aligner is about 0.35 to 0.7 mm, depending on the site) Manufactured in a computer-controlled process at a time and delivered to the dental clinic side (patient side) at once (see FIGS. 2A, 2C, etc. of Patent Document 1; FIGS. 1A, 1C, etc. of Patent Document 2) See also, for example, “Invisa Line” as the product name. For example, when trying to move a certain tooth by 3 mm for correction, a total of 15 aligners that have been moved every 0.2 mm are manufactured at a time, and the dental clinic side (patient side) at a time. deliver. On the dental clinic side (patient side), a total of 15 aligners are used for 2 weeks at each step, and are exchanged when proceeding to the next step.

また、別の種類の方式においては、矯正治療の各ステップ毎に、そのステップ直前の患者の歯列形状を示す印象とこれにより製作した模型に基づいて、その後の１ステップのアライナーのみ（後述のソフトタイプとハードタイプとの計２個）を機械装置と手作業とで製作する。材料は、公知の透明樹脂材料、例えばポリエチレン系の熱可塑性の透明な高分子化合物のラミネート（薄片）を使用する。実際には、１ステップ毎に、約０．５ｍｍ厚のソフトタイプと、約０．７５ｍｍのハードタイプとの、同じ形状だが厚みの違うアライナーが、１個ずつ、製作される。各ステップの治療では、ソフトタイプは最初の例えば１週間だけ使用し、その後、ハードタイプを例えば２週間だけ使用する。これらの計３週間の使用で１ステップが終了する。そして、このステップ終了時における患者の歯列形状を示す印象とこれにより製作した模型に基づいて、さらに次のステップのためのアライナー（ソフトタイプとハードタイプ）が機械装置と手作業で製作される。このような作業が、矯正の程度（矯正対象となる歯の移動すべき距離）に応じて数回から十数回のステップに分けて、それぞれ繰り返される。   In another type of method, for each step of orthodontic treatment, based on the impression showing the dentition shape of the patient immediately before that step and the model produced thereby, only the one-step aligner (described later) A total of 2 types, a soft type and a hard type) are manufactured by mechanical equipment and manual work. As the material, a known transparent resin material, for example, a laminate (thin piece) of a polyethylene-based thermoplastic transparent polymer compound is used. Actually, one aligner of the same shape but different thickness is manufactured for each step, that is, a soft type having a thickness of about 0.5 mm and a hard type having a thickness of about 0.75 mm. In each step of treatment, the soft type is used for the first time, for example for only one week, and then the hard type is used for for example only for two weeks. One step is completed by using these three weeks in total. Based on the impression of the dentition shape of the patient at the end of this step and the model produced thereby, an aligner (soft type and hard type) for the next step is produced manually by a mechanical device. . Such work is repeated in steps of several to a dozen times depending on the degree of correction (distance to which the teeth to be corrected should move).

すなわち、この後者の方式では、例えば矯正のために或る歯を３ｍｍだけ移動させようとする場合、まず、矯正前の現状から０．５ｍｍだけ移動した形状のアライナーを２種類（ソフトタイプとハードタイプ）、例えば歯科技工士などが製作し、歯科医院側（患者側）に届ける。歯科医院側（患者側）では、このアライナーをソフトタイプは１週間、ハードタイプはその後の２週間使用する。その後、そのステップ終了時の印象とこれによる模型を作成する。そして、次のステップで使用する、前記ステップ終了時の状態からさらに０．５ｍｍだけ移動した形状のアライナーを歯科技工士などが製作する。このような作業を、例えば計１０回（０．５ｍｍ×６回＝３．０ｍｍの移動）のステップが終了するまで繰り返す。しかし、０．５ｍｍ移動させたアライナーを装着しても実際に動く量は半分位なので６回よりも多く回数がかかる。   That is, in this latter method, for example, when a certain tooth is moved by 3 mm for correction, first, two types of aligners that have been moved by 0.5 mm from the current state before correction (soft type and hard type) Type), for example, a dental technician and the like, and deliver it to the dental clinic side (patient side). On the dental clinic side (patient side), this aligner is used for one week for the soft type and for the next two weeks for the hard type. After that, the impression at the end of the step and a model based on this are created. Then, a dental technician or the like produces an aligner that is used in the next step and has a shape that is further moved by 0.5 mm from the state at the end of the step. Such an operation is repeated until, for example, a total of 10 steps (0.5 mm × 6 times = 3.0 mm movement) is completed. However, even if the aligner moved by 0.5 mm is attached, the actual moving amount is about half, so it takes more than 6 times.

なお、図３（ａ）はこのように従来の方式において使用されるアライナーの表側（上顎側の歯と対向・接触しない側）を示す斜視図、図３（ｂ）はその裏側（上顎側の歯に対向・接触する側）を示す斜視図である。図３（ａ）（ｂ）に示すように、従来のアライナーにおいては、患者の歯冠を覆う部分（患者の歯頚部までの部分）１のみから構成されている。すなわち、図３（ａ）（ｂ）に示すように、従来のアライナーにおいては、その周縁部１ｂの全体（全周囲）が、患者の歯頚部に対応する位置とほぼ一致している。また、図３（ａ）（ｂ）に示すように、従来のアライナーは、その全体形状が、湾曲した略弓状に形成されている。なお、図３において、１ａは、前記患者の歯冠を覆う部分１の中に形成された各歯に対応する各凹凸部（各歯を覆うように各歯の形状にそれぞれ対応するように形成された各凹凸部）である。
特許第３６３９２１５号公報 特許第３６４１２０８号公報 3A is a perspective view showing the front side of the aligner used in the conventional method as described above (the side facing or not contacting the upper jaw side teeth), and FIG. 3B is the back side thereof (upper jaw side). It is a perspective view which shows the side which opposes and contacts a tooth | gear. As shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b), the conventional aligner is composed of only a portion (a portion up to the patient's neck) 1 that covers the patient's crown. That is, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, in the conventional aligner, the entire peripheral portion 1b (the entire circumference) substantially coincides with the position corresponding to the patient's tooth neck. Further, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the conventional aligner is formed in a substantially arcuate shape whose entire shape is curved. In FIG. 3, reference numeral 1 a denotes each uneven portion corresponding to each tooth formed in the portion 1 covering the patient's crown (formed to correspond to the shape of each tooth so as to cover each tooth). Each uneven portion).
Japanese Patent No. 3639215 Japanese Patent No. 3641208

前述のような従来のアライナーは、確かに審美的で違和感や痛みが少ないなどの利点はあるが、前述のように例えば約０．３〜０．７５ｍｍ厚程度の薄片により形成されておりそれ自体の強度が小さく、またその全体が湾曲した略弓状であるため、それ自体が変形し易く、使用・装着時の患者の歯を移動させる力が弱いという問題点があった。そのため、１回のステップで歯を移動できる距離が例えば０．１〜０．３ｍｍ程度という小さいものに止まってしまうため、歯列矯正治療のために多数のステップが必要となってしまい、その結果、歯列矯正治療の期間も費用も増大してしまう、という問題があった。   The conventional aligner as described above is certainly aesthetic and has advantages such as less discomfort and less pain, but as described above, it is formed of a thin piece of about 0.3 to 0.75 mm thick, for example. Since the strength of the device is small and the entire shape is curved, the shape itself is easily deformed, and there is a problem that the force for moving the patient's teeth during use and wearing is weak. Therefore, the distance that the tooth can be moved in one step is as small as, for example, about 0.1 to 0.3 mm, so that many steps are required for orthodontic treatment, and as a result. There is a problem that the period and cost of orthodontic treatment increase.

本発明はこのような従来技術の問題点に着目してなされたものであって、特に上顎側の歯列を矯正するためのアライナーの耐変形性を高めることにより、使用・装着時の患者の歯を移動させる力を強くし、１回のステップにおける歯の移動可能距離を伸ばし、歯列矯正治療の全体の期間や費用を低減することができる、上顎側歯列矯正用のアライナーを提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made paying attention to such problems of the prior art, and in particular, by improving the deformation resistance of the aligner for correcting the maxillary dentition, the patient's use / wearing can be improved. To provide an aligner for maxillary orthodontic that can increase the force to move a tooth, extend the movable distance of a tooth in one step, and reduce the overall period and cost of orthodontic treatment For the purpose.

以上のような課題を解決するための本発明による歯科矯正治療用アライナーは、患者の口腔内の形状に基づいて、透明樹脂材料により一体的に形成される、歯科矯正治療用アライナーであって、歯科矯正治療時に患者の上顎側の歯列に対向・装着される歯列対向部であって、患者のアライナー装着前の歯列の形状に基づいて形成され、前記歯列に含まれる各歯の中、矯正対象となっていない各歯については現状の位置及び形状で前記各歯をそれぞれが覆うように形成され、且つ矯正対象となっている歯については矯正すべき方向に所定距離だけ移動した位置及び形状で前記歯を覆うように形成された各歯対向部を含み、その全体形状が前記上顎側の歯列の並び方に対応して略弓状に湾曲している歯列対向部と、歯科矯正治療時に患者の上顎側の口蓋に対向・配置される口蓋対向部であって、患者のアライナー装着前の口蓋の形状に基づいて形成され、前記歯列対向部の中の患者の内側の歯頚部に対向している内側湾曲縁部と前記歯列対向部の両端部を略直線状に結ぶ線分とにより囲まれた略扇状に形成された口蓋対向部と、歯科矯正治療時に患者の上顎側の外側歯肉に対向・配置される外側歯肉対向部であって、患者のアライナー装着前の上顎側の外側歯肉の形状に基づいて形成され、前記歯列対向部の患者の前方側から患者の歯肉頬移行部に向けて約６ｍｍ〜１４ｍｍ延びるように形成された外側歯肉対向部と、を備え、前記歯列対向部と前記口蓋対向部とが連続するように、且つ前記歯列対向部と前記外側歯肉対向部とが連続するように、前記歯列対向部と前記口蓋対向部と前記外側歯肉対向部とが透明樹脂製の薄片により一体的に形成されており、「前記歯列対向部から口蓋対向部へ連続的に移行する途中部分」と「前記歯列対向部から外側歯肉対向部へ連続的に移行する途中部分」とには、それぞれ、互いに対向し且つ近づくように部分的に湾曲するように形成された括れ部であって、それぞれが、患者の内側の歯頚部又はその近傍部分と外側の歯頚部又はその近傍部分とをそれぞれ押圧することによりアライナーを患者の歯に安定的に支持・装着させるための括れ部、が形成されている、ことを特徴とするものである。 An orthodontic treatment aligner according to the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is an orthodontic treatment aligner that is integrally formed of a transparent resin material based on the shape of the oral cavity of a patient, A dentition facing portion that is opposed to and mounted on the upper dentition of the patient during orthodontic treatment, and is formed based on the shape of the dentition before the patient's aligner is mounted, and each tooth included in the dentition Inside, each tooth that is not subject to correction is formed so as to cover each tooth at the current position and shape, and the tooth that is subject to correction has moved by a predetermined distance in the direction to be corrected A dentition facing portion that includes each tooth facing portion formed so as to cover the teeth in position and shape, and whose overall shape is curved in a substantially arcuate shape corresponding to the arrangement of the dentition on the upper jaw side; Maxillary side of patient during orthodontic treatment A palate facing portion that is opposed to and arranged on the palate, and is formed based on the shape of the palate before the patient's aligner is mounted, and is inwardly curved toward the inner cervical portion of the patient in the dentition facing portion. Opposite and placed on the upper gingiva on the upper jaw side of the patient during orthodontic treatment, and the palate facing part formed in a substantially fan shape surrounded by a line connecting the both ends of the dentition facing part in a straight line An outer gingival-facing portion formed on the basis of the shape of the outer gingiva on the maxillary side before the patient's aligner is attached, and about the dentition-facing portion from the anterior side of the patient toward the gingival cheek transition portion An outer gingival facing portion formed to extend from 6 mm to 14 mm, the dentition facing portion and the palate facing portion are continuous, and the dentition facing portion and the outer gingival facing portion are continuous. to way, the palate facing portion and the front and the teeth facing portion The outer gingival facing portion and is made of transparent resin flakes are integrally formed, the outer gingival opposite from the "middle continuously transition portion from said dentition opposite portion to the palate facing portion" and "the dentition facing portion The `` intermediate part that continuously moves to the part '' is a constricted part formed so as to be partially curved so as to face each other and approach each other, and It is characterized in that a constriction for stably supporting and attaching the aligner to the patient's teeth is formed by pressing the vicinity part and the outer tooth neck part or the vicinity part thereof, respectively. .

また、本発明は、特に、「前記歯列対向部から口蓋対向部へ連続的に移行する途中部分」と「前記歯列対向部から外側歯肉対向部へ連続的に移行する途中部分」とに、それぞれ、互いに対向し且つ近づくように部分的に湾曲するように形成された括れ部であって、それぞれが、患者の内側の歯頚部又はその近傍部分と外側の歯頚部又はその近傍部分とを押圧することによりアライナーを患者の歯に安定的に支持・装着させるための括れ部、が形成されていること、を特徴とするものである。   Further, the present invention particularly relates to “a part in the middle of the continuous transition from the dentition facing part to the palate facing part” and “a part in the middle of a continuous transition from the dentition facing part to the outer gingival facing part”. , Each of which is formed so as to be curved so as to face each other and to be close to each other, and each of the constricted portions includes an inner cervical part of the patient or the vicinity thereof and an outer cervical part or the vicinity thereof. It is characterized in that a constricted portion for stably supporting and attaching the aligner to the patient's teeth by pressing is formed.

本発明においては、前述のように、上顎側の歯列に対向する略弓状の歯列対向部と上顎側の口蓋に対向する略扇状の口蓋対向部とが透明樹脂製の薄片により一体的に成型されている。そのため、本発明においては、従来のように略弓状の歯列対向部（歯列対向部の周縁部の全周囲は患者の歯頚部に対応する位置とほぼ一致している）のみからアライナーが構成される場合と比較して、アライナーを構成する前記略弓状の歯列対向部の全体が前記口蓋対向部によって支持されることになり、前記略弓状の歯列対向部の耐変形性が増大することになる。よって、本発明によれば、アライナーの使用・装着時の患者の歯を移動させる力が強くなるので、１回のステップにおける歯の移動距離を伸ばすことができ、歯列矯正治療の全体の期間や費用を低減することができるようになる。   In the present invention, as described above, the substantially arcuate dentition facing portion facing the maxillary dentition and the substantially fan-shaped palate facing portion facing the upper palate are integrally formed by a thin piece made of transparent resin. Is molded. Therefore, in the present invention, the aligner is provided only from a substantially arcuate dentition facing portion (the entire periphery of the peripheral portion of the dentition facing portion substantially coincides with the position corresponding to the patient's cervical portion) as in the prior art. Compared with the case where it is configured, the whole of the substantially arcuate dentition facing part constituting the aligner is supported by the palate facing part, and the deformation resistance of the substantially arched dentition facing part Will increase. Therefore, according to the present invention, since the force to move the patient's teeth when using or wearing the aligner is increased, the tooth movement distance in one step can be extended, and the entire period of orthodontic treatment And the cost can be reduced.

また、本発明では、前述のように、前記歯列対向部の患者の前方側（外側＝喉から遠い側）から患者の歯肉頬移行部に向けて約６ｍｍ〜１４ｍｍ延びるように形成された外側歯肉対向部が一体に形成されているので、前記略弓状の歯列対向部が前記口蓋対向部だけでなく前記外側歯肉対向部によっても支持されるようになり、前記略弓状の歯列対向部の耐変形性が、より一層、増大されるようになる。   In the present invention, as described above, the outer side of the dentition-facing portion is formed to extend from the front side (outside = the side far from the throat) of the patient toward the patient's gingival cheek transition portion by about 6 mm to 14 mm. Since the gingival facing part is integrally formed, the substantially arcuate dentition facing part is supported not only by the palate facing part but also by the outer gingival facing part, and the substantially arched dentition The deformation resistance of the facing portion is further increased.

また、本発明においては、前記の口蓋対向部（又は前記歯列対向部の中の患者の内側の歯頚部と対向する部分もしくはその近傍部分）と外側歯肉対向部（又は前記歯列対向部の中の患者の外側の歯頚部と対向する部分もしくはその近傍部分）に、それぞれ、互いに近づくように対向する括れ部を形成し、この各括れ部が患者の内側の歯頚部又はその近傍部分と外側の歯頚部又はその近傍部分とをそれぞれ押圧する（外側方向に及び内側方向に押圧する）ようにしているので、アライナーが患者の歯全体に安定的に支持・装着されるようになる。   In the present invention, the palate facing portion (or the portion facing the patient's inner cervical portion in the dentition facing portion or the vicinity thereof) and the outer gingival facing portion (or the dentition facing portion) A constricted portion facing each other so as to approach each other, and each constricted portion is formed on the outside of the patient's inner cervical region or the vicinity thereof. Each of the tooth necks and the vicinity thereof is pressed (pressed outward and inward), so that the aligner can be stably supported and mounted on the entire patient's teeth.

また、本発明においては、アライナーが前記口蓋対向部を備えているため、患者の上顎側の口蓋をアライナー全体の固定源として使用することができるので（アライナーを固定することにより、アライナーが固定できない場合に比べてアライナーの作用が大幅に増強されるので）、矯正対象となる歯の移動をより確実に行うことができるようになる（これに対して、従来のアライナーにおいては、アライナーの固定源がないため、アライナーによる歯の移動の効果が少なくなってしまうという問題があった）。また、特に、本発明のように患者の口蓋を固定源として使用することが可能になると、歯列弓の片側のみを拡大する矯正治療も、より効果的に行うことができるようになる。   In the present invention, since the aligner includes the palate facing portion, the palate on the upper jaw side of the patient can be used as a fixing source for the entire aligner (the aligner cannot be fixed by fixing the aligner). Compared to the case, the action of the aligner is greatly enhanced), so that the tooth to be corrected can be moved more reliably (as opposed to the conventional aligner, the aligner fixing source) There is a problem that the effect of tooth movement by the aligner is reduced. In particular, when the patient's palate can be used as a fixed source as in the present invention, orthodontic treatment for enlarging only one side of the dental arch can be performed more effectively.

本発明を実施するための最良の形態は、以下の実施例１について述べるような形態である。   The best mode for carrying out the present invention is a mode as described in Example 1 below.

図１（ａ）は本発明の実施例１による上顎側の歯列矯正用のアライナーの外側（上顎側の歯と対向・接触しない側）を患者の歯列に対向する側から示す斜視図、図１（ｂ）は本実施例１のアライナーの外側（上顎側の歯と対向・接触しない側）を患者の歯列に対向する側とは逆の口蓋に対向する側から示す斜視図、図１（ｃ）は本実施例１のアライナーの内側（上顎側の歯と対向・接触する側）を示す斜視図、図１（ｄ）は図１（ｃ）のアライナーの中央断面図である。   FIG. 1A is a perspective view showing the outer side of the maxillary orthodontic aligner according to embodiment 1 of the present invention (the side opposite to or not in contact with the upper jaw side teeth) from the side facing the patient's dentition; FIG. 1B is a perspective view showing the outside of the aligner according to the first embodiment (the side facing or not contacting the maxillary teeth) from the side facing the palate opposite to the side facing the patient's dentition. 1 (c) is a perspective view showing the inside of the aligner of the first embodiment (the side facing and contacting the upper jaw side teeth), and FIG. 1 (d) is a central sectional view of the aligner of FIG. 1 (c).

図１において、１１は患者の上顎側の歯冠（患者の上顎側の歯頚部から下方に突出する部分）に対応・対向する歯列対向部、１１ａは前記歯列対向部１１を構成する各凹凸部であって患者の各歯に対応するように形成されている各凹凸部（患者の各歯を覆うことができるように各歯の形状にそれぞれ対応するように形成された各凹凸部）、である。本実施例１では、前記歯列対向部１１は、その全体形状が、患者の上顎側の歯列に対応するように、略弓状に湾曲するように形成されている。   In FIG. 1, reference numeral 11 denotes a dental dent facing portion corresponding to and facing a dental crown on the upper jaw side of the patient (a portion projecting downward from a dental neck portion on the upper jaw side of the patient), and 11 a denotes each of the dent facing portions 11. Each concavo-convex part, which is a concavo-convex part and is formed so as to correspond to each tooth of the patient (each concavo-convex part formed so as to correspond to each tooth shape so that each tooth of the patient can be covered) . In the first embodiment, the dentition facing portion 11 is formed to be curved in a substantially arcuate shape so that the overall shape thereof corresponds to the dentition on the upper jaw side of the patient.

本実施例１においては、図１（ｃ）に示すように、前記歯列対向部１１の外側（前方側＝喉から遠い側）には、前記歯列対向部１１の外側（前方側＝喉から遠い側）から患者の歯肉頬移行部まで約７．８ｍｍ〜１２ｍｍ延びる外側歯肉対向部１１ｂが前記歯列対向部１１と一体的に形成されている（なお、患者の口腔によっては、前記外側歯肉対向部１１ｂは、前記歯列対向部１１の外側から患者の歯肉頬移行部に向けて約６ｍｍ〜１４ｍｍ延びるように形成されたものでもよい）。この外側歯肉対向部１１ｂは、患者の外側歯肉の実際の形状に基づいて前記外側歯肉の実際の形状に合うように、且つ前記歯列対向部１１の外側（前方側＝喉から遠い側）の部分から連続するように、前記歯列対向部１１と一体的に形成されている。   In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 (c), outside the dentition facing portion 11 (front side = side far from the throat), outside the dentition facing portion 11 (front side = throat). An outer gingival facing portion 11b extending about 7.8 mm to 12 mm from the gingival cheek transition portion of the patient to the gingival cheek transition portion of the patient is formed integrally with the dentition facing portion 11 (depending on the oral cavity of the patient, the outer side The gingival facing portion 11b may be formed so as to extend from the outside of the dentition facing portion 11 to about 6 mm to 14 mm toward the patient's gingival cheek transition portion). The outer gingival facing portion 11b is adapted to match the actual shape of the outer gingiva based on the actual shape of the patient's outer gingiva, and outside the dentition facing portion 11 (front side = the side far from the throat). It is formed integrally with the dentition facing portion 11 so as to be continuous from the portion.

また、図１において、１２は患者の上顎側の口蓋に対向するように且つ前記口蓋の形状に対応するように形成された口蓋対向部である。この口蓋対向部１２は、患者の口蓋の実際の形状に基づいて、前記口蓋の実際の形状に合うように、且つ前記歯列対向部１１の口蓋側の部分から連続するように、前記歯列対向部１１と一体的に形成されている。   In FIG. 1, reference numeral 12 denotes a palate facing portion formed so as to face the palate on the upper jaw side of the patient and to correspond to the shape of the palate. Based on the actual shape of the patient's palate, the palate facing portion 12 is adapted to the actual shape of the palate and is continued from the portion on the palate side of the dental facing portion 11. It is formed integrally with the facing portion 11.

図２は、図１（ｃ）のアライナーを上方から示す模式図である。図２においては前記外側歯肉対向部１１ｂの図示を省略している。この図２に示すように、前記歯列対向部１１の後方側（喉に近い側）の端部１１ｃ（前記歯列対向部１１の中の患者の内側の歯頚部に対向している内側湾曲縁部）に、この端部（内側湾曲縁部）１１ｃと連続するように、前記歯列対向部１１と一体的に、前記口蓋対向部１２が形成されている。すなわち、本実施例１においては、図２に示すように、前記口蓋対向部１２は、（１）前記歯列対向部１１の患者の後方側（喉に近い側）の端部（内側湾曲縁部）１１ｃと、（２）前記歯列対向部１１の両端部１１ｄ，１１ｅの間を略直線状に結ぶ線分Ｐと、により囲まれた略扇状の部分（図２において斜線で示す部分）が、前記透明樹脂製の薄片（例えばポリエチレン系の熱可塑性の透明な高分子化合物のラミネート）により、前記歯列対向部１１と一体的に形成されることにより、構成されている。すなわち、図２において、斜線で示す部分が前記口蓋対向部１２である。   FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the aligner of FIG. 1C from above. In FIG. 2, the illustration of the outer gingival facing portion 11b is omitted. As shown in FIG. 2, an end curve 11c on the rear side (side closer to the throat) of the dentition facing portion 11 (an inner curve facing the patient's inner tooth neck in the dentition facing portion 11). The palate facing portion 12 is formed integrally with the dentition facing portion 11 so as to be continuous with the end portion (inner curved edge portion) 11c. That is, in Example 1, as shown in FIG. 2, the palate facing portion 12 is (1) an end (inner curved edge) of the dentition facing portion 11 on the patient's rear side (side closer to the throat). Part) 11c, and (2) a substantially fan-shaped part surrounded by a line segment P that connects the both end parts 11d and 11e of the dentition facing part 11 in a substantially straight line (part shown by hatching in FIG. 2). However, it is constituted by being integrally formed with the dentition facing portion 11 by the transparent resin thin piece (for example, a laminate of a polyethylene-based thermoplastic transparent polymer compound). That is, in FIG. 2, the hatched portion is the palate facing portion 12.

また、本実施例１においては、図１（ｄ）の断面図に示すように、前記の口蓋対向部１２と外側歯肉対向部１１ｂの一部に、それぞれ、互いに対向し且つ近づくように部分的に湾曲するように形成された括れ部１１ｆ，１１ｇが形成されている。前記の口蓋対向部１２の一部に形成された括れ部１１ｆは、患者の内側（口蓋側）の歯頚部又はその近傍部分を、患者の外側方向に押圧する。また、前記の外側歯肉対向部１１ｂの一部に形成された括れ部１１ｇは、患者の外側（前方側）の歯頚部又はその近傍部分を、患者の内側方向に押圧する。前記２つの括れ部１１ｆ，１１ｇにより、本実施例１のアライナーは、患者の歯に、より一層、安定的に支持・装着されるようになる。   Further, in the first embodiment, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 (d), a part of the palate facing portion 12 and the outer gingival facing portion 11b are partially opposed to and close to each other. The constricted portions 11f and 11g are formed so as to be bent in a straight line. The constricted portion 11f formed in a part of the palate facing portion 12 presses the cervical portion on the inner side (palat side) of the patient or the vicinity thereof in the outward direction of the patient. Further, the constricted portion 11g formed in a part of the outer gingival facing portion 11b presses the cervical portion on the outer side (front side) of the patient or the vicinity thereof toward the inner side of the patient. Due to the two constricted portions 11f and 11g, the aligner of the first embodiment is more stably supported and attached to the patient's teeth.

次に、本実施例１のアライナーの製造方法について説明する。本実施例１のアライナーを使用した歯列矯正治療の方式は、基本的には、本明細書の従来技術の中で述べた「矯正治療の各ステップ毎に、そのステップ直前の患者の歯列形状を示す印象とこれにより製作した模型に基づいて、その後の１ステップのアライナーのみ（後述のソフトタイプとハードタイプとの計２個）を機械装置と手作業とで製作する方式」（後者の方式）とほぼ同様である。本実施例１のアライナーを製造するときは、本実施例１のアライナーを使用した歯列矯正治療の各ステップの最初に（又は前段階のステップの最後に）、そのときの患者の上顎側の口腔内（歯列と口蓋）の形状データを取得するため、公知の寒天やアルジネートを使って印象を採取する。この印象採取時には、患者の口蓋まで採取する。この採取した印象に基づいて、例えば硬石膏により、馬蹄形（略弓状）の模型を作製する。そして、公知の透明樹脂、例えばポリエチレン系の熱可塑性透明樹脂製のラミネート（約０．５厚のものと、約０．７５ｍｍ厚のものと、約１．０ｍｍ厚のもの）を用意し、熱を加えた後に吸引力で前記模型に密着させ硬化（圧接成型）する。これにより、所望の形状のアライナーのセット（約０．５ｍｍ厚のソフトタイプのアライナーと、約０．７５ｍｍ厚のハードタイプのアライナーと、１．０ｍｍ厚のスーパーハードのタイプのアライナー）が作製される。本実施例１では、以上の動作を、各ステップ毎に機械装置と手作業で行う。   Next, a method for manufacturing the aligner of Example 1 will be described. The orthodontic treatment system using the aligner according to the first embodiment is basically the same as that described in the prior art of this specification “for each step of orthodontic treatment, the patient's dentition immediately before that step. Based on the impression that shows the shape and the model produced by this, only the subsequent one-step aligner (two types of soft type and hard type described later) are manufactured by mechanical equipment and manual work "(the latter Method). When the aligner of Example 1 is manufactured, at the beginning of each orthodontic treatment step using the aligner of Example 1 (or at the end of the previous step), the upper jaw side of the patient at that time In order to obtain the shape data of the oral cavity (dentition and palate), an impression is collected using known agar or alginate. When collecting the impression, the patient's palate is also collected. Based on the collected impression, a horseshoe-shaped (substantially bow-shaped) model is produced by using, for example, an anhydrite. Then, a known transparent resin, for example, a laminate made of a polyethylene-based thermoplastic transparent resin (with a thickness of about 0.5, a thickness of about 0.75 mm, and a thickness of about 1.0 mm) is prepared. After applying the above, it is brought into close contact with the model with a suction force and cured (pressure welding molding). As a result, a set of aligners of a desired shape (a soft type aligner of about 0.5 mm thickness, a hard type aligner of about 0.75 mm thickness, and a super hard type aligner of about 1.0 mm thickness) is produced. The In the first embodiment, the above operation is performed manually with the mechanical device for each step.

次に、本実施例１のアライナーの使用方法について説明する。本実施例１のアライナーは、矯正治療に入る前、又は矯正治療の各ステップが終了したときの患者の口腔内（歯列と口蓋）の形状を印象により採取し、この印象に基づいて模型を作製し、これに基づいてアライナーを作製する。作製するアライナーは、約０．５ｍｍ厚のソフトタイプのアライナーと、約０．７５ｍｍ厚のハードタイプのアライナーと、１．０ｍｍ厚のスーパーハードタイプのアライナーの３種類を作製し、歯科医院側（患者側）に届ける。歯科医院側（患者側）では、各ステップにおいて、対応するアライナーの中、まずソフトタイプを１週間使用し、次にハードタイプを１週間、さらにスーパーハードタイプを２週間、使用する。その後、次のステップに進み、印象採取、模型作製、アライナー作製、アライナーを歯科医院側（患者側）に届けて使用する、などの前記と同じ作業を繰り返す。これにより、各ステップ毎に、理想とする歯列に向けて、患者の矯正対象の歯が少しずつ移動する。   Next, a method for using the aligner of the first embodiment will be described. The aligner of the first embodiment collects the shape of the patient's oral cavity (dentition and palate) from the impression before entering the orthodontic treatment or when each step of the orthodontic treatment is completed. The aligner is manufactured based on this. Three types of aligners are produced: a soft type aligner with a thickness of about 0.5 mm, a hard type aligner with a thickness of about 0.75 mm, and a super hard type aligner with a thickness of 1.0 mm. To the patient). On the dental clinic side (patient side), in each step, the soft type is first used for one week, then the hard type is used for one week, and the super hard type is further used for two weeks. Thereafter, the process proceeds to the next step, and the same operations as described above, such as impression collection, model preparation, aligner preparation, and delivery of the aligner to the dental clinic side (patient side) are used. As a result, the patient's teeth to be corrected move little by little toward the ideal dentition at each step.

以上のように、本実施例１においては、上顎側の歯列に対向する略弓状の歯列対向部１１と上顎側の口蓋に対向する略扇状の口蓋対向部１２とが透明樹脂製の薄片により一体的に成型されている。そのため、本実施例１においては、従来のように略弓状の歯列対向部のみからアライナーが構成される場合と比較して、アライナーを構成する前記略弓状の歯列対向部１１の全体が前記口蓋対向部１２によって支持されることになり、前記略弓状の歯列対向部１１の耐変形性が増大される。よって、本実施例１によれば、アライナーの使用・装着時の患者の歯を移動させる力が強くなり、１回のステップにおける矯正対象の歯の移動距離を伸ばすことができ、歯列矯正治療の全体の期間や費用を大幅に低減することができるようになる。   As described above, in the first embodiment, the substantially arcuate dentition facing portion 11 facing the upper jaw side dentition and the substantially fan-shaped palate facing portion 12 facing the upper jaw side palate are made of transparent resin. It is molded integrally with a thin piece. Therefore, in the first embodiment, as compared with the conventional case where the aligner is constituted only by the substantially arcuate tooth row facing portion, the entire substantially arcuate tooth row facing portion 11 that constitutes the aligner. Is supported by the palate facing part 12, and the deformation resistance of the substantially arcuate dentition facing part 11 is increased. Therefore, according to the first embodiment, the force to move the patient's teeth when using or mounting the aligner is increased, and the movement distance of the correction target tooth in one step can be extended, so that orthodontic treatment is performed. The overall duration and cost can be greatly reduced.

また、本実施例１では、前述のように、前記歯列対向部１１の患者の外側（前方側＝喉から遠い側）から患者の歯肉頬移行部に向けて約７．８ｍｍ〜１２ｍｍ延びるように形成された外側歯肉対向部１１ｂが一体に形成されているので、前記略弓状の歯列対向部１１が、前記口蓋対向部１２だけでなく前記外側歯肉対向部１１ｂによっても支持されるようになり、前記略弓状の歯列対向部１１の耐変形性が、より一層、増大されるようになる。   In the first embodiment, as described above, the dentition facing portion 11 extends from the outside of the patient (front side = the side far from the throat) toward the patient's gingival cheek transition portion by about 7.8 mm to 12 mm. Since the outer gingival facing portion 11b formed integrally is integrally formed, the substantially arcuate dentition facing portion 11 is supported not only by the palate facing portion 12 but also by the outer gingival facing portion 11b. Thus, the deformation resistance of the substantially arcuate dentition facing portion 11 is further increased.

また、本実施例１においては、前記の口蓋対向部１２と外側歯肉対向部１１ｂの一部にそれぞれ形成された各括れ部１１ｆ，１１ｇが、患者の内側（口蓋側）の歯頚部又はその近傍部分と患者の外側（前方側）の歯頚部又はその近傍部分とをそれぞれ押圧するので、本実施例１のアライナーが、患者の歯に、より一層、安定的に支持・装着されるようになる。   Further, in the first embodiment, the constricted portions 11f and 11g respectively formed on a part of the palate facing portion 12 and the outer gingival facing portion 11b are connected to the patient's inner (palat side) tooth neck portion or the vicinity thereof. The portion and the outside (front side) tooth neck of the patient or the vicinity thereof are pressed, so that the aligner of the first embodiment is more stably supported and mounted on the patient's teeth. .

また、本実施例１においては、アライナーが前記口蓋対向部１２を備えるようにしているので、患者の上顎側の口蓋をアライナーの固定源として使用することができ、その結果（アライナーを固定することにより、アライナーが固定できない場合に比べてアライナーの作用が大幅に増強されるので）、矯正対象となる歯の移動をより確実に行うことができるようになる。また、特に、このように口蓋を固定源として使用できるようになるので、歯列弓の片側のみを拡大する矯正治療についても、より確実に行うことができるようになる。   In the first embodiment, since the aligner includes the palate facing portion 12, the palate on the upper jaw side of the patient can be used as a fixing source for the aligner, and as a result (fixing the aligner) Therefore, the action of the aligner is greatly enhanced as compared with the case where the aligner cannot be fixed), so that the tooth to be corrected can be moved more reliably. In particular, since the palate can be used as a fixed source in this way, orthodontic treatment for enlarging only one side of the dental arch can be performed more reliably.

以上、本発明の実施例１について説明したが、本発明は前記実施例１として述べたものに限定されるものではなく、様々な修正及び変更が可能であることはもちろんである。例えば、前記実施例１においては、前記歯列対向部１１の外側（前方側＝喉から遠い側）には、前記歯列対向部１１の外側（前方側＝喉から遠い側）から患者の歯肉頬移行部まで約７．８ｍｍ〜１２ｍｍ延びる外側歯肉対向部１１ｂが前記歯列対向部１１と一体的に形成するようにしているが、本発明では、患者の口腔に応じて、前記外側歯肉対向部１１ｂは、前記歯列対向部１１の外側から患者の歯肉頬移行部に向けて約６ｍｍ〜１４ｍｍ延びるように形成するようにしてもよい。   Although the first embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the one described as the first embodiment, and various modifications and changes are naturally possible. For example, in the first embodiment, the gingiva of the patient is placed on the outside (front side = the side far from the throat) of the dentition facing part 11 from the outside (the front side = the side far from the throat) of the dentition facing part 11. The outer gingival facing portion 11b extending about 7.8 mm to 12 mm to the cheek transition portion is formed integrally with the dentition facing portion 11, but in the present invention, the outer gingival facing portion is formed according to the oral cavity of the patient. The part 11b may be formed to extend from the outside of the dentition facing part 11 to about 6 mm to 14 mm toward the patient's gingival cheek transition part.

（ａ）は本発明の実施例１による上顎側の歯列矯正用のアライナーの外側（上顎側の歯と対向・接触しない側）を患者の歯列に対向する側から示す斜視図、（ｂ）は本実施例１のアライナーの外側（上顎側の歯と対向・接触しない側）を患者の歯列に対向する側とは逆の口蓋に対向する側から示す斜視図、（ｃ）は本実施例１のアライナーの内側（上顎側の歯と対向・接触する側）を示す斜視図、（ｄ）は図１（ｃ）のアライナーの中央断面図。(A) The perspective view which shows the outer side (side which does not contact and contact the upper jaw side tooth) of the upper jaw orthodontic aligner by Example 1 of this invention from the side facing a patient's dentition, (b) ) Is a perspective view showing the outer side of the aligner of Example 1 (the side facing or not contacting the maxillary teeth) from the side facing the palate opposite to the side facing the patient's dentition, and FIG. The perspective view which shows the inner side (side which opposes and contacts the upper jaw side tooth | gear) of the aligner of Example 1, (d) is a center sectional drawing of the aligner of FIG.1 (c). 図１（ｃ）のアライナーを上方から示す模式図（前記外側歯肉対向部１１ｂは図示を省略している）。The schematic diagram which shows the aligner of FIG.1 (c) from upper direction (The said outer gingival opposing part 11b is abbreviate | omitting illustration). 図３（ａ）は従来の上顎側の歯列矯正用のアライナーの表側（上顎側の歯と対向しない側）を示す斜視図、図３（ｂ）は従来のアライナーの裏側（上顎側の歯と対向する側）を示す斜視図。3A is a perspective view showing the front side of the conventional orthodontic aligner on the upper jaw side (the side not facing the upper jaw side teeth), and FIG. 3B is the back side of the conventional aligner (upper jaw teeth). FIG.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１１ 歯列対向部
１１ａ 凹凸部
１１ｂ 外側歯肉対向部（歯列対向部の前方側と一体的に形成された部分であって患者の外側歯肉に対応する部分）
１１ｃ 歯列対向部の患者の口蓋側の端部（＝内側湾曲縁部）
１１ｄ，１１ｅ 歯列対向部の両端部
１１ｆ，１１ｇ 括れ部
１２ 口蓋対向部
Ｐ 歯列対向部の両端部を結ぶ略直線状の線分 11 dentition facing portion 11a concavo-convex portion 11b outer gingival facing portion (a portion formed integrally with the front side of the dentition facing portion and corresponding to the patient's outer gingiva)
11c End of patient's palate side of dentition facing part (= inner curved edge)
11d, 11e Both ends 11f, 11g of the dentition facing portion Constricted portion 12 Palate facing portion P A substantially straight line segment connecting both ends of the dentition facing portion

Claims (1)

患者の口腔内の形状に基づいて、透明樹脂材料により一体的に形成される、歯科矯正治療用アライナーであって、
歯科矯正治療時に患者の上顎側の歯列に対向・装着される歯列対向部であって、患者のアライナー装着前の歯列の形状に基づいて形成され、前記歯列に含まれる各歯の中、矯正対象となっていない各歯については現状の位置及び形状で前記各歯をそれぞれが覆うように形成され、且つ矯正対象となっている歯については矯正すべき方向に所定距離だけ移動した位置及び形状で前記歯を覆うように形成された各歯対向部を含み、その全体形状が前記上顎側の歯列の並び方に対応して略弓状に湾曲している歯列対向部と、
歯科矯正治療時に患者の上顎側の口蓋に対向・配置される口蓋対向部であって、患者のアライナー装着前の口蓋の形状に基づいて形成され、前記歯列対向部の中の患者の内側の歯頚部に対向している内側湾曲縁部と前記歯列対向部の両端部を略直線状に結ぶ線分とにより囲まれた略扇状に形成された口蓋対向部と、
歯科矯正治療時に患者の上顎側の外側歯肉に対向・配置される外側歯肉対向部であって、患者のアライナー装着前の上顎側の外側歯肉の形状に基づいて形成され、前記歯列対向部の患者の前方側から患者の歯肉頬移行部に向けて約６ｍｍ〜１４ｍｍ延びるように形成された外側歯肉対向部と、を備え、
前記歯列対向部と前記口蓋対向部とが連続するように、且つ前記歯列対向部と前記外側歯肉対向部とが連続するように、前記歯列対向部と前記口蓋対向部と前記外側歯肉対向部とが透明樹脂製の薄片により一体的に形成されており、
「前記歯列対向部から口蓋対向部へ連続的に移行する途中部分」と「前記歯列対向部から外側歯肉対向部へ連続的に移行する途中部分」には、それぞれ、互いに対向し且つ近づくように部分的に湾曲するように形成された括れ部であって、それぞれが、患者の内側の歯頚部又はその近傍部分と外側の歯頚部又はその近傍部分とをそれぞれ押圧することによりアライナーを患者の歯に安定的に支持・装着させるための括れ部、が形成されている、ことを特徴とする歯科矯正治療用アライナー。 An orthodontic treatment aligner integrally formed of a transparent resin material based on the shape of the patient's mouth,
A dentition facing portion that is opposed to and mounted on the upper dentition of the patient during orthodontic treatment, and is formed based on the shape of the dentition before the patient's aligner is mounted, and each tooth included in the dentition Inside, each tooth that is not subject to correction is formed so as to cover each tooth at the current position and shape, and the tooth that is subject to correction has moved by a predetermined distance in the direction to be corrected A dentition facing portion that includes each tooth facing portion formed so as to cover the teeth in position and shape, and whose overall shape is curved in a substantially arcuate shape corresponding to the arrangement of the dentition on the upper jaw side;
A palate facing portion that is opposed to and arranged on the upper palate on the patient's upper jaw during orthodontic treatment, and is formed based on the shape of the palate before the patient's aligner is mounted. A palate facing portion formed in a substantially fan shape surrounded by an inner curved edge portion facing the tooth neck portion and a line segment connecting both end portions of the dentition facing portion in a substantially straight line;
An outer gingival facing portion that is opposed to and arranged on the outer gingiva on the upper jaw side of the patient during orthodontic treatment, and is formed based on the shape of the outer gingiva on the upper jaw side before the patient's aligner is mounted. An outer gingival facing portion formed to extend about 6 mm to 14 mm from the anterior side of the patient toward the gingival cheek transition portion of the patient, and
The dentition facing portion, the palate facing portion, and the outer gingiva such that the dentition facing portion and the palate facing portion are continuous, and the dentition facing portion and the outer gingival facing portion are continuous. The opposing part is integrally formed with a thin piece made of transparent resin ,
"The midway part of the transition from the dentition facing part to the palate facing part" and "the midway part of the transition from the dentition facing part to the outer gingival facing part" face each other and approach each other. Each of which is formed so as to be partially curved, and each presses the inner cervical part of the patient or the vicinity thereof and the outer cervical part or the vicinity thereof, respectively. An aligner for orthodontic treatment, characterized in that a constricted portion for stably supporting and mounting the teeth of the teeth is formed.
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