JP4180015B2 - Paddy rice cultivation material and paddy rice cultivation method - Google Patents
Paddy rice cultivation material and paddy rice cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、水稲栽培資材及び水稲栽培法に関する。 The present invention relates to a paddy rice cultivation material and a paddy rice cultivation method.
水稲栽培では、種々のカドミウムの吸収防止対策が行われているが、一長一短がある。たとえば、汚染された表層土壌を取り除き、非汚染土壌を客土する方法（非特許文献１）では、客土に膨大な費用がかかるうえに、下層が汚染されている場合は効果が一時的であり、また除去した汚染土壌の処分も問題となる。ケイカル等のアルカリ資材を投入しカドミウム吸収を抑制する方法（特許文献１）では、１ヘクタールあたり５〜１０トンと多量に投入する必要があるために作業性が悪く、しかも多投によって土壌中の有機態窒素が無機化しやすく、水稲の倒伏に繋がる恐れがある。そこで、本発明者らは、窒素成分の溶出量が選ばれた石灰窒素の特定量を施用することにより、非特許文献１のような処理をすることなく通常の栽培管理の範囲内で、水稲のカドミウムの吸収量を減少させることを見いだしたが（特許文献２）、まだまだ改善の余地があった。 In paddy rice cultivation, various cadmium absorption prevention measures are taken, but there are advantages and disadvantages. For example, in the method of removing contaminated surface soil and removing uncontaminated soil (Non-Patent Document 1), there is an enormous cost to the customer soil and the effect is temporary when the lower layer is contaminated. In addition, disposal of the removed contaminated soil is also a problem. In the method (Patent Document 1) that suppresses cadmium absorption by adding alkaline materials such as calcium, it is necessary to input a large amount of 5 to 10 tons per hectare, so that workability is poor, and the multiple throws in the soil Organic nitrogen is easily mineralized and may lead to lodging of rice. Therefore, the present inventors applied a specific amount of lime nitrogen from which the elution amount of the nitrogen component was selected, and within the range of normal cultivation management without processing as in Non-Patent Document 1, Although it was found that the amount of cadmium absorbed was reduced (Patent Document 2), there was still room for improvement.
一方、水溶性マンガンには水稲のカドミウムの吸収量を減少させる効果のあることが知られているが（例えば非特許文献２）、マンガンは作物に対する微量要素でもあるため、多投すると過剰症発生の懸念がある。
本発明の目的は、水稲へのカドミウムの吸収量を更に低減することができる水稲栽培資材及び水稲栽培法を提供することである。 An object of the present invention is to provide a paddy rice cultivation material and a paddy rice cultivation method that can further reduce the amount of cadmium absorbed into the paddy rice.
本発明は、カルシウムシアナミド含有物質とマンガン含有物質とからなり、両者の割合が、カルシウムシアナミド含有物質のカルシウムシアナミド成分１００質量部あたり、二酸化マンガンのマンガン成分が１５〜２５０質量部であることを特徴とする水稲栽培資材である。この場合において、水稲栽培資材の平均粒径が２〜５ｍｍであることが好ましい。 The present invention comprises a calcium cyanamide-containing substance and a manganese-containing substance, and the proportion of both is 15 to 250 parts by mass of the manganese component of manganese dioxide per 100 parts by mass of the calcium cyanamide component of the calcium cyanamide-containing substance. It is a rice cultivation material. In this case, it is preferable that the average particle size of the paddy rice cultivation material is 2 to 5 mm.
また、本発明は、水稲移植前に、本発明の水稲栽培資材を施用するものであり、その施用量が、１ヘクタールあたり、カルシウムシアナミド含有物質をカルシウムシアナミドとして６０〜２８０ｋｇ、二酸化マンガンをマンガンとして５０〜１５０ｋｇ施用することを特徴とする水稲栽培法である。この場合において、本発明の水稲栽培資材を水稲移植１〜２週間前に施用することが好ましい。 Moreover, this invention applies the paddy rice cultivation material of this invention before a paddy rice transplant, The application amount is 60-280 kg as a calcium cyanamide containing calcium cyanamide per 1 hectare, and manganese dioxide as manganese. It is a paddy rice cultivation method characterized by applying 50 to 150 kg. In this case, it is preferable to apply the paddy rice cultivation material of the present invention 1 to 2 weeks before the paddy rice transplantation.
本発明によれば、水稲へのカドミウムの吸収量を一段と低減できる水稲栽培資材と水稲栽培法が提供される。本発明のこのような効果は、水稲の生育に著しい悪影響を与えることなく発現することは驚きである。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the paddy rice cultivation material and the paddy rice cultivation method which can further reduce the absorption amount of the cadmium to a paddy rice are provided. It is surprising that such an effect of the present invention is manifested without significantly adversely affecting the growth of paddy rice.
本発明で使用されるカルシウムシアナミド含有物質としては、カルシウムシアナミド単味の他に、カルシウムシアナミドを成分として含有する物質である。それを例示すると、カルシウムシアナミドを４０質量％以上、特に６０質量％以上を含み、残部が生石灰、消石灰等の石灰質物質、カーボン等の炭素質物質及びアルミナ、シリカ等の無機酸化物などから選ばれた１種又は２種以上の無機物からなるものである。中でも、カルシウムシアナミドを６０〜７０質量％、生石灰及び消石灰の少なくとも一方を２２〜２６質量％、カーボンを８〜１４質量％を含む石灰窒素であることが好ましい。 The calcium cyanamide-containing substance used in the present invention is a substance containing calcium cyanamide as a component in addition to calcium cyanamide. For example, calcium cyanamide is contained in an amount of 40% by mass or more, particularly 60% by mass or more, and the balance is selected from calcareous materials such as quick lime and slaked lime, carbonaceous materials such as carbon, and inorganic oxides such as alumina and silica. It consists of one or more inorganic substances. Especially, it is preferable that it is lime nitrogen containing 60-70 mass% of calcium cyanamide, 22-26 mass% of at least one of quick lime and slaked lime, and 8-14 mass% of carbon.
本発明で使用される二酸化マンガンは水難溶性であり、カドミウムの吸着能も大きい。 Manganese dioxide used in the present invention Ri water sparingly soluble der, also large adsorption capacity cadmium.
カルシウムシアナミド含有物質と二酸化マンガンの比率については特に制約はないが、カルシウムシアナミド含有物質のカルシウムシアナミド成分１００質量部あたり、二酸化マンガンのマンガン成分が１５〜２５０質量部、特に３０〜２００質量部であることが好ましい。カルシウムシアナミド含有物質として上記石灰窒素を用いたときは、石灰窒素１００質量部あたり、二酸化マンガンがマンガン成分として１０〜１５０質量部、特に２０〜１３３質量部であることが好ましい。 Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular about the ratio of a calcium cyanamide containing material and manganese dioxide , The manganese component of manganese dioxide is 15-250 mass parts per 100 mass parts of calcium cyanamide components of a calcium cyanamide containing substance, Especially 30-200 mass parts. It is preferable. When the lime nitrogen is used as the calcium cyanamide-containing substance, it is preferable that manganese dioxide is 10 to 150 parts by mass, particularly 20 to 133 parts by mass as the manganese component per 100 parts by mass of lime nitrogen.
本発明の水稲栽培資材は、散布のしやすさから、平均粒径が２〜５ｍｍの粒状物であることが好ましい。粒度調整は、粒度をそろえた水稲栽培資材の各構成成分を混合する方法、各構成成分を粉状にして混合してから、パン型造粒機や押出造粒機等により造粒する方法によって行うことができる。 The paddy rice cultivation material of the present invention is preferably a granular material having an average particle diameter of 2 to 5 mm from the viewpoint of ease of spraying. Particle size adjustment is based on a method of mixing each component of paddy rice cultivation material with uniform particle size, a method of granulating each component with a bread granulator or extrusion granulator after mixing each component in powder form It can be carried out.
本発明の水稲栽培資材には、尿素、硫安、塩安、リン安、過リン酸石灰、熔燐、重焼燐、塩化カリ、硫酸カリ、ケイ酸カリ等、通常使用される肥料を含有させることがきる。 The rice cultivation material of the present invention contains commonly used fertilizers such as urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, lime superphosphate, molten phosphorus, heavy calcined phosphorus, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium silicate, etc. I can do it.
つぎに、本発明の水稲栽培法について説明する。 Next, the paddy rice cultivation method of the present invention will be described.
カルシウムシアナミド含有物質の施用量が、１ヘクタールあたり、カルシウムシアナミドとして６０ｋｇ（上記石灰窒素として１００ｋｇ）よりも著しく少ないと、カドミウム吸収低減効果が不十分となり、また２８０ｋｇ（上記石灰窒素として４００ｋｇ）よりも著しく多くすると、水稲に対し窒素過多となるうえ、カルシウムシアナミドによる薬害が生じる恐れがある。特に好ましい施用量は、カルシウムシアナミドとして、１ヘクタールあたり１２０〜２１０ｋｇ（上記石灰窒素として２００〜３００ｋｇ）である。また、二酸化マンガンの施用量が、１ヘクタールあたり、マンガンとして、５０ｋｇよりも著しく少ないと、カドミウム吸収低減効果が不十分となり、また１５０ｋｇよりも著しく多くすると、マンガン過剰により生育が悪化し、稔実不良を起こす恐れがある。特に好ましい施用量は、マンガンとして、１ヘクタールあたり８０〜１２０ｋｇである。 If the amount of calcium cyanamide-containing substance is significantly less than 60 kg of calcium cyanamide per hectare (100 kg of lime nitrogen), the effect of reducing cadmium absorption is insufficient, and more than 280 kg (400 kg of lime nitrogen). If the amount is significantly increased, the amount of nitrogen in the paddy rice is increased, and there is a risk of causing phytotoxicity due to calcium cyanamide. A particularly preferable application amount is 120 to 210 kg per hectare as calcium cyanamide (200 to 300 kg as the lime nitrogen). Further, if the application amount of manganese dioxide is significantly less than 50 kg of manganese per hectare, the effect of reducing cadmium absorption will be insufficient, and if it is significantly higher than 150 kg, growth will deteriorate due to excess manganese, There is a risk of failure. A particularly preferred application rate is 80 to 120 kg per hectare as manganese.
従来の多くの水稲栽培においては、マンガン肥料の施用量はマンガンとして１ヘクタールあたり５０ｋｇ未満であり本発明よりも少ない。本発明において、このような多量を施用できる理由は、カルシウムシアナミド含有物質とマンガン含有物質との相乗作用によって、マンガン含有物質、特に水難溶性の二酸化マンガンを含有する物質のカドミウム吸収抑制効果が助長されるからである。 In many conventional paddy rice cultivations, the amount of manganese fertilizer applied is less than 50 kg per hectare as manganese, which is less than that of the present invention. In the present invention, the reason why such a large amount can be applied is that the synergistic action of the calcium cyanamide-containing substance and the manganese-containing substance promotes the cadmium absorption inhibitory effect of the manganese-containing substance, particularly a substance containing poorly water-soluble manganese dioxide. This is because that.
本発明の水稲栽培資材の施用時期は、例えば水稲収穫後、水稲移植前等のいずれでもよいが、水稲移植前が好ましく、カルシウムシアナミドによる薬害を考慮すると、水稲移植１〜２週間前が最適である。 The application time of the paddy rice cultivation material of the present invention may be, for example, after the paddy rice harvest or before the paddy rice transplantation, but is preferably before the paddy rice transplantation, and considering the phytotoxicity due to calcium cyanamide, one to two weeks before paddy rice transplantation is optimal is there.
本発明の水稲栽培資材、水稲栽培法によって、水稲の生育に影響を与えず、水稲へのカドミウム吸収を一段と低減できる理由は不明であるが、カルシウムシアナミドがカドミウムと結びつき難溶性の塩となることで、マンガンとの吸収拮抗に対し有利に作用していること、またカルシウムシアナミドのアルカリにより、余剰のマンガンによる過剰障害が抑えられていること、に関係していると考えている。 The reason why the paddy rice cultivation material and the paddy rice cultivation method of the present invention can further reduce cadmium absorption into the paddy rice without affecting the growth of the paddy rice is unclear, but calcium cyanamide is combined with cadmium to become a sparingly soluble salt. Therefore, it is considered to be related to the fact that it has an advantageous effect on absorption antagonism with manganese and that the excessive damage due to excess manganese is suppressed by the alkali of calcium cyanamide.
実施例１
１／５０００ａワグネルポットに、水田土壌（細粒グライ台地土、全カドミウム含量０．２９ｍｇ／ｋｇ）を入れ、１ヘクタール当り、石灰窒素（カルシウムシアナミド６３質量％、生石灰２５質量％、カーボン１０質量％、その他無機物２質量％、平均粒度２．５ｍｍ）を窒素として６０ｋｇ（カルシウムシアナミドとして１８９ｋｇ）、過リン酸石灰をリン酸として１５０ｋｇ、硫酸カリをカリウムとして９０ｋｇ、及び二酸化マンガンをマンガンとして１００ｋｇを施用し、１週間後に水稲を移植してから、慣行の栽培管理（１ヶ月半湛水−１ヶ月中干し−１ヶ月半湛水−以降落水）によって栽培した。その結果、玄米中のカドミウム含量を、硝酸分解−原子吸光法で測定したところ、０．１３ｍｇ／ｋｇであった。
Example 1
1 / 5000a Wagner pot is filled with paddy field soil (fine grained plateau soil, total cadmium content 0.29mg / kg), lime nitrogen per hectare 63% calcium cyanamide, 25% quick lime, 10% carbon 60 kg (189 kg as calcium cyanamide) with nitrogen as the other inorganic substance 2% by mass, average particle size 2.5 mm), 150 kg as phosphoperphosphate, 150 kg as phosphoric acid, 90 kg as potassium sulfate, and 100 kg as manganese dioxide as manganese Then, after one week after transplanting the paddy rice, it was cultivated by customary cultivation management (1 month and half flooding-1 month half drying-1 month and half flooding-then falling). As a result, the cadmium content in the brown rice was measured by nitric acid decomposition-atomic absorption spectrometry and found to be 0.13 mg / kg.
実施例２
実施例１の資材を、前作水稲栽培後（水稲移植７ヶ月前）に施用したこと以外は、実施例１と同様に栽培したところ、玄米中のカドミウム含量は０．１６ｍｇ／ｋｇであった。
Example 2
When the material of Example 1 was cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was applied after the previous paddy rice cultivation (7 months before paddy rice transplantation), the cadmium content in the brown rice was 0.16 mg / kg.
参考例１
二酸化マンガンの代わりに鉱さいマンガン肥料である「１０．０熔性マンガン肥料」（日本重化学工業社製、マンガンとして７．７質量％含有）を用いたこと以外は、実施例１と同様に栽培したところ、玄米中のカドミウム含量は０．１５ｍｇ／ｋｇであった。
Reference example 1
It was cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that “10.0 meltable manganese fertilizer” (manufactured by Nippon Heavy Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., containing 7.7% by mass of manganese) was used instead of manganese dioxide. However, the cadmium content in the brown rice was 0.15 mg / kg.
実施例３
質量基準で、実施例１で用いた石灰窒素２０部、過リン酸石灰５６部、硫酸カリ１２部、二酸化マンガン８．５部（石灰窒素１００部に対し４２．５部）、バインダー（廃糖蜜）３．５部、及び造粒に必要な水を混合し、パン型造粒機で造粒した後、２〜４ｍｍの粒子を分級した。これを水稲栽培資材として施用したこと以外は、実施例１と同様に栽培したところ、玄米中のカドミウム含量は０．１４ｍｇ／ｋｇであった。
Example 3
On a mass basis, 20 parts of lime nitrogen used in Example 1, 56 parts of lime superphosphate, 12 parts of potassium sulfate, 8.5 parts of manganese dioxide (42.5 parts relative to 100 parts of lime nitrogen), binder (molasses molasses) ) After mixing 3.5 parts and water necessary for granulation and granulating with a bread type granulator, particles of 2 to 4 mm were classified. The cadmium content in the brown rice was 0.14 mg / kg when cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this was applied as paddy rice cultivation material.
比較例１
二酸化マンガンを施用しなかったこと以外は、実施例１と同様に栽培したところ、玄米中のカドミウム含量は０．２２ｍｇ／ｋｇであった。
Comparative Example 1
Cultivation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that manganese dioxide was not applied. The cadmium content in the brown rice was 0.22 mg / kg.
比較例２
石灰窒素の代わりに窒素分で等量の硫安を用いたこと以外は、実施例１と同様に栽培したところ、玄米中のカドミウム含量は０．３５ｍｇ／ｋｇであった。
Comparative Example 2
When cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an equivalent amount of ammonium sulfate was used instead of lime nitrogen, the cadmium content in the brown rice was 0.35 mg / kg.
上記実施例、参考例、比較例において、水稲の生育障害が比較例２で認められたが、それ以外では認められなかった。 In the above Examples, Reference Examples and Comparative Examples, paddy rice growth failure was observed in Comparative Example 2, but not in other cases.
本発明は、水稲へのカドミウムの吸収量を一段と低減できる水稲栽培資材と水稲栽培法に利用できる。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used for paddy rice cultivation materials and paddy rice cultivation methods that can further reduce the amount of cadmium absorbed by paddy rice.
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