JP4175567B2 - Explosion-proof separation circuit - Google Patents
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- JP4175567B2 JP4175567B2 JP2003405624A JP2003405624A JP4175567B2 JP 4175567 B2 JP4175567 B2 JP 4175567B2 JP 2003405624 A JP2003405624 A JP 2003405624A JP 2003405624 A JP2003405624 A JP 2003405624A JP 4175567 B2 JP4175567 B2 JP 4175567B2
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、危険場所に設置される本質安全防爆機器からの出力信号を、安全保持器を介して非危険場所に設置されている非本質安全防爆機器に伝達するに際して、安全保持器と本質安全防爆機器とを分離する防爆用分離回路に関する。 When transmitting an output signal from an intrinsically safe explosion-proof device installed in a hazardous area to a non-intrinsically safe explosion-proof device installed in a non-hazardous area via a safety holder, The present invention relates to an explosion-proof separation circuit that separates explosion-proof equipment.
図４は、従来から用いられている一般的な絶縁分離の手法を説明する図である。危険場所(現場)に設置した流量計の信号線(出力信号等)は、非危険場所に設置した計測器(例えば積算計)に接続される。この場合、流量計を耐圧防爆構造（容器内部で火花が発生しても容器の外では発火させない機械的保護構成）にした場合は、直接接続することが出来るが、しかし、流量計の構造上などの問題で耐圧防爆構造に出来ない場合は、本質安全防爆機器などの機器(本質安全防爆機器：危険なガスに着火しないように電気的にエネルギーを制限する電気的安全回路構成)に設計する必要がある。 FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a general insulation separation technique conventionally used. A signal line (output signal or the like) of a flow meter installed in a dangerous place (site) is connected to a measuring instrument (for example, an integrator) installed in a non-hazardous place. In this case, if the flow meter has a flameproof structure (a mechanical protection structure that does not ignite outside the container even if a spark occurs inside the container), it can be connected directly, but the flowmeter structure If the explosion-proof construction cannot be achieved due to problems such as the above, design to an intrinsically safe explosion-proof device or other device (intrinsically safe explosion-proof device: an electrical safety circuit configuration that electrically limits energy to prevent ignition of dangerous gases) There is a need.
その場合、流量計と計測器の間には、非危険場所側から危険場所側へのエネルギーの伝達を事故時にも安全な値に制限するための安全保持器(本質安全防爆関連機器)を入れなければならないが、本質安全防爆上、安全保持器側から見て流量計の内部インダクタンス及びキャパシタンスを無視出来る値となるように何らかの手法で分離しなければならない。 In that case, a safety holder (intrinsically safe explosion-proof equipment) is installed between the flow meter and the measuring instrument to limit the transfer of energy from the non-hazardous area to the hazardous area even in the event of an accident. However, in terms of intrinsically safe explosion protection, the flowmeter's internal inductance and capacitance must be separated by some method so as to be negligible when viewed from the safety cage side.
従来、このような分離をするために、フォトカプラを使用することが多いが、流量計が電池駆動で動作するようなものである場合、その電源も限られたものになるので、フォトカプラを使用するとその分、消費電流が大きくなり、電池の消耗が早くなってしまうという問題がある。 Conventionally, a photocoupler is often used to perform such separation, but if the flowmeter is operated by a battery, its power supply is also limited. When used, there is a problem that current consumption increases and battery consumption is accelerated.
また、光ファイバーを使用して入出力間を絶縁分離する方法もあるが、その場合においても、光電変換モジュールを動作させる為に、同様に、消費電流が大きくなってしまう問題が生じる。
上記のように、本質安全防爆上における要求事項を満足しつつ、電池で駆動するような流量計の場合においては、出来るだけ消費電流を抑える必要がある。 As described above, in the case of a flow meter driven by a battery while satisfying the requirements for intrinsically safe explosion-proof, it is necessary to suppress the current consumption as much as possible.
そこで、本発明は、掛かる問題点を解決して、消費電流を増やすことなく、本質安全防爆関連機器側から見て本質安全防爆機器の内部のインダクタンス及びキャパシタンスを無視出来るようにして、本質安全防爆機器の要求事項を満足することを目的としている。 Therefore, the present invention solves the problems involved and makes it possible to ignore the inductance and capacitance inside the intrinsically safe explosion-proof device from the viewpoint of the intrinsically safe explosion-proof device without increasing the current consumption. The purpose is to satisfy the requirements of the equipment.
本発明は、一般的に用いられるトランジスタ出力回路に、本質安全防爆構造の要求事項を満足したツェナーダイオードと抵抗器を追加し、インダクタンス及びキャパシタンスを無視出来る構成とした。 In the present invention, a Zener diode and a resistor that satisfy the requirements of an intrinsically safe explosion-proof structure are added to a commonly used transistor output circuit so that inductance and capacitance can be ignored.
本発明の防爆用分離回路は、危険場所に設置される本質安全防爆機器からの出力信号を、安全保持器を介して非危険場所に設置されている非本質安全防爆機器に伝達するに際して、安全保持器と本質安全防爆機器とを分離するものである。安全保持器に信号を伝達する出力回路を備え、この出力回路の入力端子に抵抗器を接続する。この抵抗器の前段に並列接続の複数のツェナーダイオードをコモンラインとの間に接続し、更にその前段に別の抵抗器の一端を直列接続し、その他端に本質安全防爆機器からの出力信号を結合する。これによって、安全保持器側から見て本質安全防爆機器の内部インダクタンス及びキャパシタンスを無視出来るよう構成したことを特徴としている。 The separation circuit for explosion-proof of the present invention is safe when an output signal from an intrinsically safe explosion-proof device installed in a hazardous area is transmitted to a non-intrinsically safe explosion-proof device installed in a non-hazardous area through a safety cage. The cage and the intrinsically safe explosion-proof device are separated. An output circuit for transmitting a signal to the safety holder is provided, and a resistor is connected to the input terminal of the output circuit. A plurality of Zener diodes connected in parallel are connected in front of this resistor between the common line, one end of another resistor is connected in series in the previous stage, and the output signal from the intrinsically safe explosion-proof device is connected to the other end. Join. This is characterized in that the internal inductance and capacitance of the intrinsically safe explosion-proof device can be ignored when viewed from the safety cage side.
また、本発明の防爆用分離回路は、入力端子がベースであるトランジスタによって出力回路を構成することができる。 In the explosion-proof separating circuit of the present invention, the output circuit can be constituted by a transistor whose input terminal is a base.
また、並列接続のツェナーダイオードは、防爆等級に応じた数だけ並列に挿入することができる。 Further, as many Zener diodes connected in parallel as the number corresponding to the explosion-proof grade can be inserted in parallel.
本発明によれば、本質安全防爆関連機器側から見て本質安全防爆機器の内部のインダクタンス及びキャパシタンスを無視出来るように構成したことにより、一般的な電気回路と同じ消費電流で、本質安全防爆上における要求事項を満足することが可能になる。 According to the present invention, since the internal inductance and capacitance of the intrinsically safe device are negligible when viewed from the intrinsically safe device side, it is possible to increase the intrinsic safety with the same current consumption as that of a general electric circuit. It is possible to satisfy the requirements in
以下、例示に基づき本発明を説明する。図１は、本発明の防爆用分離回路を例示する図である。流量計（本質安全防爆機器）は危険場所(現場)に設置される一方、積算計等の計測器（非本質安全防爆機器）が非危険場所に設置されている。両者の間には、非危険場所において安全保持器が挿入されて、非危険場所側から危険場所側へのエネルギーの伝達を事故時にも安全な値に制限している。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on examples. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an explosion-proof separation circuit according to the present invention. Flow meters (intrinsically safe explosion-proof equipment) are installed in hazardous areas (site), while measuring instruments such as integrators (non-intrinsically safe explosion-proof equipment) are installed in non-hazardous areas. Between them, a safety cage is inserted in a non-hazardous area, and energy transmission from the non-hazardous area side to the hazardous area side is limited to a safe value even in the event of an accident.
流量計の信号線(出力信号等)は、分離回路を介して、そしてさらに安全保持器を介して、計測器に接続されている。この場合、本質安全防爆上、安全保持器側から見て流量計の内部インダクタンス及びキャパシタンスを無視出来る値となるように分離するために、ツェナーダイオードＺＤ１〜ＺＤ３と抵抗器Ｒ１，Ｒ２が挿入されている。なお、Ｒ３は電気回路上必要な部品を示す。 The signal line (output signal or the like) of the flow meter is connected to the measuring instrument via a separation circuit and further via a safety holder. In this case, Zener diodes ZD1 to ZD3 and resistors R1 and R2 are inserted in order to separate the internal inductance and capacitance of the flowmeter so as to be negligible when viewed from the safety cage side in terms of intrinsic safety. Yes. R3 represents a component necessary for the electric circuit.
本質安全防爆機器を満足する分離回路の構成の一例は、図１に示す通りである。即ち、安全保持器に接続される２つの端子に、トランジスタＱ１のコレクタとエミッタが接続される。このトランジスタのベースには、流量計からのパルス信号が、２つの直列接続の抵抗Ｒ１及びＲ２を介して入力される。さらに、コモンライン（共通ライン）と、トランジスタのベースの間には抵抗Ｒ３が接続され、そして、２つの直列接続の抵抗Ｒ１及びＲ２の接続点とコモンラインとの間に、３つの並列接続のツェナーダイオードＺＤ１〜ＺＤ３が接続されている。さらに、分離回路の安全保持器側に、異常電圧吸収のためのツェナーダイオードＺＤ４を挿入することができる。なお、図中に矢印で示す部品は、本質安全防爆上の必要要求事項を満足した安全保持部品を使用し、短絡・開路故障を生じないものとしている。 An example of the configuration of the separation circuit that satisfies the intrinsically safe explosion-proof device is as shown in FIG. That is, the collector and emitter of the transistor Q1 are connected to the two terminals connected to the safety holder. A pulse signal from the flow meter is input to the base of the transistor via two series-connected resistors R1 and R2. Furthermore, a resistor R3 is connected between the common line (common line) and the base of the transistor, and three parallel-connected resistors are connected between the connection point of the two series-connected resistors R1 and R2 and the common line. Zener diodes ZD1 to ZD3 are connected. Furthermore, a Zener diode ZD4 for absorbing abnormal voltage can be inserted on the safety cage side of the separation circuit. In addition, the parts indicated by arrows in the figure use safety holding parts that satisfy the necessary requirements for intrinsically safe explosion-proofing, and do not cause short circuits or open circuit failures.
この並列接続のツェナーダイオードは、防爆等級に応じた数だけ並列に挿入する。これによって、トランジスタＱ１が故障したと仮定した場合、安全保持器側から加わる電圧(Uo)をＺＤ１〜ＺＤ３で制限して本質安全防爆機器内部への印加電圧を制限することができる(Uo≧VZD1〜ZD3)。 The parallel-connected Zener diodes are inserted in parallel according to the number of explosion-proof grades. As a result, when it is assumed that the transistor Q1 has failed, the voltage (Uo) applied from the safety cage side can be limited by ZD1 to ZD3 to limit the voltage applied to the intrinsically safe explosion-proof device (Uo ≧ V ZD1 - ZD3 ).
抵抗Ｒ１は、トランジスタＱ１のベース−コレクタ間の短絡故障及びベース−エミッタ間の開路故障を仮定した場合、安全保持器の内部抵抗によって制限された電流(Io)がＺＤ１〜ＺＤ３に流れ込むのに対して電流制限するためのものである。また、流量計の内部インダクタンス及びキャパシタンスの放電エネルギーが安全保持器側へ放出するのを抑制する。 Resistor R1 has a current (Io) limited by the internal resistance of the safety cage flowing into ZD1 to ZD3, assuming a short-circuit fault between the base and collector of transistor Q1 and an open circuit fault between the base and emitter. To limit the current. In addition, the discharge energy of the internal inductance and capacitance of the flow meter is prevented from being released to the safety holder side.
抵抗Ｒ２は、ツェナーダイオードＺＤ１〜ＺＤ３で制限された電圧に対して、流量計内部に印加される電流を制限するためのものである。また、流量計内部インダクタンス及びキャパシタンスの放電エネルギーが安全保持器側へ放出するのを抑制する役目も備える。 The resistor R2 is for limiting the current applied to the flow meter with respect to the voltage limited by the Zener diodes ZD1 to ZD3. Moreover, it also has the role of suppressing the discharge energy of the flowmeter internal inductance and capacitance from being released to the safety cage side.
通常であれば、トランジスタ出力回路の出力段のトランジスタのベース端子には、数十kΩ程度の抵抗が一つ挿入されればよいが、防爆性能を保持するために、ツェナーダイオードの前後に分けて回路に挿入する。 Normally, it is only necessary to insert a resistor of about several tens of kΩ at the base terminal of the transistor in the output stage of the transistor output circuit. However, in order to maintain the explosion-proof performance, it is divided before and after the Zener diode. Insert into the circuit.
このような分離回路に、流量計からの信号、例えば計測値に比例したパルス周波数を有するパルス信号が入力される。さらに、パルス信号は、安全保持器に伝達される。なお、この分離回路は、流量計とは別個のものとして例示したが、通常は、流量計筐体内部に組み込んで、筐体内部で流量計の出力側に接続して使用することが、コスト的及び防爆構成的に望ましい。 A signal from the flow meter, for example, a pulse signal having a pulse frequency proportional to the measurement value is input to such a separation circuit. Further, the pulse signal is transmitted to the safety holder. Although this separation circuit has been illustrated as being separate from the flow meter, it is usually built in the flow meter housing and connected to the output side of the flow meter inside the housing. Desirable in terms of safety and explosion protection.
この分離回路の動作について、さらに図２及び図３を参照して説明する。図２は、分離回路の出力側に接続されているそれ自体一般的なトランジスタ出力回路を示している。この回路のままだと、トランジスタＱ１の故障仮定時、本質安全防爆機器内部のキャパシタンスには本質安全防爆関連機器の最大電圧Uｏが印加され、且つ、インダクタンスに対しても本質安全防爆関連機器の故障時電流Ioが流れると仮定される。また、この回路の場合、本質安全防爆機器内部のキャパシタンス及びインダクタンスに蓄積されたエネルギーが本質安全防爆関連機器に放出されると仮定されるので内部インダクタンス及びキャパシタンスは無視出来る値とすることが出来ない。 The operation of this separation circuit will be further described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 2 shows a typical transistor output circuit itself connected to the output side of the isolation circuit. If this circuit remains as it is, the maximum voltage Uo of the intrinsically safe device is applied to the capacitance inside the intrinsically safe device when the transistor Q1 is assumed to fail, and the failure of the intrinsically safe device is also affected by the inductance. It is assumed that the hourly current Io flows. In addition, in this circuit, it is assumed that the energy stored in the capacitance and inductance inside the intrinsically safe explosion-proof device is released to the intrinsically safe device, so the internal inductance and capacitance cannot be negligible. .
図３に例示の防爆用分離回路は、図２に示すような一般的なトランジスタ出力回路に、本質安全防爆機器を満足するための回路（図中で点線矩形で囲んだ回路）を追加したものであり、ツェナーダイオードのツェナー電圧がパルス信号電圧（トランジスタのベース電圧）より高いものを使用した回路にすれば、通常使用時においては、ツェナーダイオードの電圧以下となり、ツェナーダイオードＺＤ１〜ＺＤ３に電流が流れることはないので、消費電流は変わらなく出来る。また、抵抗Ｒ１，Ｒ２及びツェナーダイオードＺＤ１〜ＺＤ３は安全保持部品としているので、本質安全防爆上仮定される事故時の条件でも、本質安全防爆機器内部のキャパシタンス及びインダクタンスに蓄積されたエネルギーが本質安全防爆関連機器に放出することはなくなるので内部インダクタンス及びキャパシタンスは無視出来る値とすることが出来る。 The explosion-proof separation circuit illustrated in FIG. 3 is obtained by adding a circuit for satisfying intrinsically safe explosion-proof equipment (a circuit surrounded by a dotted-line rectangle in the figure) to the general transistor output circuit as shown in FIG. If a circuit using a Zener diode whose Zener voltage is higher than the pulse signal voltage (base voltage of the transistor) is used, the voltage becomes lower than the Zener diode voltage during normal use, and current flows through the Zener diodes ZD1 to ZD3. Since it does not flow, the current consumption can be kept unchanged. In addition, since the resistors R1 and R2 and the Zener diodes ZD1 to ZD3 are safety-holding parts, the energy stored in the capacitance and inductance inside the intrinsically safe explosion-proof device is intrinsically safe even under accident conditions assumed for intrinsically safe explosion. Since it will not be released to explosion-proof equipment, internal inductance and capacitance can be set to negligible values.
Claims (3)
前記安全保持器に信号を伝達する出力回路をトランジスタによって構成し、該トランジスタのベースを該出力回路の入力端子とし、
該出力回路の入力端子に抵抗器を接続し、
該抵抗器の前段に並列接続の複数のツェナーダイオードをコモンラインとの間に接続し、
更にその前段に別の抵抗器の一端を直列接続し、その他端に前記本質安全防爆機器からの出力信号を結合したことを特徴とする防爆用分離回路。 The output signal from the intrinsically safe equipment installed in the hazardous area is non- hazardous via a safety cage that limits the energy transfer from the non-hazardous area to the hazardous area in the event of an accident. When transmitting to a non-intrinsically safe explosion-proof device installed at a place, an internal inductance of the intrinsically safe explosion-proof device is provided between the safeguard and the intrinsically safe device and viewed from the safety retainer side. In the explosion-proof separation circuit that separates the capacitance so that it can be ignored ,
An output circuit for transmitting a signal to the safety holder is constituted by a transistor, and the base of the transistor is used as an input terminal of the output circuit ,
Connect a resistor to the input terminal of the output circuit,
A plurality of Zener diodes connected in parallel are connected between the common line and the front stage of the resistor,
Further explosion-proof isolation circuit that are connected in series one end of another resistor in front, combines the output signals from the intrinsically safe explosion proof at its other end, it characterized the kite.
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| JP2003405624A JP4175567B2 (en) | 2003-12-04 | 2003-12-04 | Explosion-proof separation circuit |
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| JP4855059B2 (en) | 2005-12-08 | 2012-01-18 | オリンパス株式会社 | Endoscope device |
| JP4757044B2 (en) | 2006-01-27 | 2011-08-24 | オリンパス株式会社 | Explosion-proof device drive |
| CN102084307B (en) * | 2008-06-17 | 2014-10-29 | 罗斯蒙特公司 | RF adapter for field device with low voltage intrinsic safety clamping |
| JP2014143876A (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2014-08-07 | Oval Corp | Electronic signal processing device and flowmeter |
| US9778149B2 (en) | 2014-05-02 | 2017-10-03 | Swagelok Company | Fluid sample system and method |
| JP7312072B2 (en) | 2019-09-25 | 2023-07-20 | Idec株式会社 | Energy limiting circuit and safety barrier |
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