JP4174636B2

JP4174636B2 - Car door structure

Info

Publication number: JP4174636B2
Application number: JP20800698A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 賢治金納; 耕治岸野; 健次野中; 佐智子石塚
Original assignee: Mazda Motor Corp
Current assignee: Mazda Motor Corp
Priority date: 1998-07-23
Filing date: 1998-07-23
Publication date: 2008-11-05
Anticipated expiration: 2018-07-23
Also published as: JP2000038156A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は自動車のドア構造に関し、特に、ドアのアウタパネルの少なくとも上端部分の外側付近に、ドア側方からの衝撃を吸収する外装部材を設けたドア構造に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来の自動車のドア構造においては、他の自動車がドアに側突した場合等を想定し、ドア本体をある程度高い強度と剛性を有する構造に構成しているが、更に、ドア本体パネルをレインフォースメント等の補強部材で補強したり、複数のドア本体パネルで構成された閉断面フレームの内部に合成樹脂製の発泡材を充填したり、ドア本体パネル間にリブを設ける等して、ドア本体の強度と剛性を向上させる技術も一般的に広く実用に供されている。
【０００３】
ところで、従来の自動車のドア構造では、実開平７−３５１２６にも開示されているように、ドア外面をガーニッシュで覆うことは知られているが、ドア本体のアウタパネルの表面部側、特にドア本体の外側のベルトライン部に、自動車外部の人間等を保護することを目的とした緩衝部材を設けたものは実用に供されていない。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来の自動車のドア構造では、側突等に対して自動車内部の乗員を保護できるけれども、ドア本体のアウタパネルによってドア本体の略外側全面が覆われているので、自動車外部のもの、例えば、バイクの乗員がドアに側突した場合のバイク乗員等に対する衝撃を吸収する面で十分ではない。
【０００５】
更に、自動車の乗員が周辺の状況を確認せずに誤ってドアを開いたときには、そのドアが歩行者や自転車の乗員等に対して支障になるとともに、更にドア自体も損傷し易く、また、そのドアがドア側方に位置する物体（例えば、他の自動車や壁等）に当たった場合にも、その物体やドア自体が損傷し易いという問題がある。
【０００６】
本発明の目的は、自動車のドア構造において、自動車外部のバイク乗員や歩行者等の人間がドアに当たってもその人間が受ける衝撃を軽減すること、開けたドアがドア側方に位置する物体に当たってもその物体やドア自体（アウタパネル）を損傷させにくくすること、等である。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項１の自動車のドア構造は、ドアのアウタパネルの少なくとも上端部分の外側付近に、ドア側方からの衝撃を吸収する外装部材を設け、前記外装部材は、ドア本体側へ突出しドア本体に当接する複数のリブであって外装部材の上部と中段部と下部に上下方向に間隔を空けて配置された前後に長い複数のリブを有するとともに、この外装部材の最外側部は、ドア本体の最外側部よりも外側に突出し、前記複数のリブのうち前記外装部材の最外側部の高さ位置付近の一部のリブの先端部に、ドア本体に取付ける為の取付け部を設け、前記取付け部がドア本体に当接した状態でドア内側から締結部材で締結されるように構成したことを特徴とするものである。従って、バイクの乗員が自動車のドアの外装部材に側突した場合、その外装部材がクッションとして機能し、バイク乗員がドアに側突した際の衝撃を吸収し、バイク乗員が受ける衝撃を格段に軽減することができる。
【０００８】
ここで、一般的な自動車のドアにバイク乗員が側突する場合、その側突部位はドア本体の上端部分と想定されるが、外装部材をアウタパネルの少なくとも上端部分の外側付近に設けることで、バイク乗員や歩行者等が受ける衝撃を格段に軽減する外装部材の機能を確保することができる。尚、車体構造等によって異なるドアの大きさや取付け位置等に応じて、外装部材の機能を確保できるように、外装部材をアウタパネルの上端部分の外側付近の他、その部位以外の部分の外側付近にも設けてもよい。
【０００９】
更に、外装部材を設けることにより、自動車の乗員が周辺の状況を確認せずに誤ってドアを開き、ドアの外装部材が歩行者や自転車の乗員等に当たっても、歩行者等が受ける衝撃を軽減し、更にドア自体（アウタパネル）も損傷しにくくなり、また、ドアの外装部材がドア側方に位置する物体（例えば、他の自動車や壁等）に当たっても、その物体やドア自体を損傷させにくくすることができる。
【００１０】
また、運転者が自動車（特にトラック等の運転席からの後方の長さが長い自動車）をバックさせる際の後方確認の為等に、ドア本体のウインドウ側上端部分を肘掛けとして使用する場合、外装部材を肘掛けの為の心地よいクッションとして機能させることができる。
【００１１】
この場合、前記外装部材は、ドア本体側へ突出しドア本体に当接する複数のリブであって外装部材の上部と中段部と下部に上下方向に間隔を空けて配置された前後に長い複数のリブを有するので、バイク乗員がドアの外装部材に側突した際の衝撃を、ドア本体側へ突出するリブの変形により確実に吸収できるようになり、バイク乗員が受ける衝撃を確実に軽減し、更に自動車の内部の乗員が受ける衝撃も軽減することができる。
【００１２】
また、前記外装部材の最外側部は、ドア本体の最外側部よりも外側に突出しているため、開けたドアが歩行者等に当たってもその歩行者等が受ける衝撃を軽減し、開けたドアがドア側方に位置する物体に当たってもその物体やドア自体を損傷させにくくする外装部材の機能を確実に確保できる。
【００１３】
また、前記複数のリブのうち前記外装部材の最外側部の高さ位置付近の一部のリブの先端部に、ドア本体に取付ける為の取付け部を設け、前記取付け部がドア本体に当接した状態でドア内側から締結部材で締結されるように構成したので、ドア本体に外装部材を簡単且つ確実に組付けできるようになる。
【００１４】
請求項２の自動車のドア構造は、ドアの外側のベルトライン部に、ドア側方からの衝撃を吸収する外装部材を設け、前記外装部材は、ドア本体側へ突出しドア本体に当接する複数のリブであって外装部材の上部と中段部と下部に上下方向に間隔を空けて配置された前後に長い複数のリブを有するとともに、この外装部材の最外側部は、ドア本体の最外側部よりも外側に突出し、前記複数のリブのうち前記外装部材の最外側部の高さ位置付近の一部のリブの先端部に、ドア本体に取付ける為の取付け部を設け、前記取付け部がドア本体に当接した状態でドア内側から締結部材で締結されるように構成したことを特徴とするものである。バイクの乗員が自動車のドアに側突する場合、ドアの外側のベルトライン部の高さ位置等の関係上、バイク乗員はベルトライン部に側突し易いが、この場合、ベルトライン部に設けられた外装部材がクッションとして機能し、バイク乗員がドアに側突した際の衝撃を吸収し、バイク乗員が受ける衝撃を軽減することができる。その他請求項１の作用と略同様の作用を奏する。
【００１５】
請求項３の自動車のドア構造は、請求項１又は２の発明において、前記外装部材は、室内側に弾性部材層を有しリブの外面側を覆う表皮部材を有することを特徴とするものである。従って、バイク乗員がドアの外装部材に側突した際の衝撃吸収性能を更に高めることができ、しかも、開けたドアの外装部材が歩行者等に当たってもその歩行者等が受ける衝撃を確実に軽減することができ、更に、開けたドアの外装部材がドア側方に位置する物体に当たってもその物体やドア自体を確実に損傷させにくくすることができる。しかも、リブの外面側を覆う表皮部材により、外装部材の外観を見栄えのよいものにすることができる。
【００１６】
請求項４の自動車のドア構造は、請求項１又は２の発明において、前記外装部材は、合成樹脂製の発泡材を有することを特徴とするものである。従って、バイク乗員がドアの外装部材に側突した際の衝撃を、発泡材の圧縮変形により確実に吸収できるようになり、バイク乗員が受ける衝撃を確実に軽減し、更に自動車の内部の乗員が受ける衝撃も軽減することができる。しかも、開けたドアの外装部材が歩行者等に当たってもその歩行者等が受ける衝撃を確実に軽減でき、また、開けたドアの外装部材がドア側方に位置する物体に当たってもその物体やドア自体を確実に損傷させにくくすることができる。
【００１７】
請求項５の自動車のドア構造は、請求項４の発明において、前記外装部材は、前記発泡材の外面側を覆う表皮部材を有することを特徴とするものである。従って、発泡材の外面側を覆う表皮部材により、外装部材の外観を見栄えのよいものにすることができる。
【００１８】
請求項６の自動車のドア構造は、請求項１〜５の何れか１項の発明において、前記外装部材の最後部は、ドア本体の最後部よりも後方に突出したことを特徴とするものである。それ故、ドアを開けた場合に外装部材の最後部は最外側に位置するため、特に、開けたドアがドア側方に位置する物体に当たってもその物体やドア自体を損傷させないようにする外装部材の機能を確実に確保できる。
【００１９】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態について図面を参照して説明する。本実施形態は、自動車のドア構造に本発明を適用した場合の一例である。尚、本実施形態では、乗用車の運転席及び助手席側のドア構造について説明するが、トラック、ワゴン、バン等の自動車のドア構造に本発明を適用可能である。
【００２０】
図１、図２に示すように、自動車１の運転席（助手席）側のドア２は、ドア本体３、ドア本体３の上端前後両端部に基端部が固着されたドアサッシ４、ドア本体３の上端部分とドアサッシ４とで形成されるウインドウ５を開閉するウインドウガラス６等の他、ドア２の外側（左側）のベルトライン部７に設けられドア側方からの衝撃を吸収する本願特有の外装部材８を備えている。
【００２１】
前記ドア本体３は、インナパネル１０、インナパネル１０の上端部分をその裏面（左面）側から補強するインナ側レインフォースメント１１、アウタパネル１２、アウタパネル１２をその裏面（右面）側から補強するアウタ側レインフォースメント１３等を有し、インナパネル１０の車室側（右側）に、内装部材であるドアトリム１４が取付けられている。
【００２２】
アウタパネル１２には、外側へ臨む外部パネル部１２ａ、外部側パネル部１２ａよりも車室側に位置する内部側パネル部１２ｂ〜１２ｄが下側から形成され、アウタ側レインフォースメント１３の上部には、外部側パネル部１２ａに接近するパネル部１３ａ、一部分が内部側パネル部１２ｃに当接し溶接等で固着されたパネル部１３ｂ、内部側パネル部１２ｄの上端部分に当接し溶接等で固着されたパネル部１３ｃが下側から形成されている。
【００２３】
内部側パネル部１２ｂ〜１２ｄの外側付近がベルトライン部７に相当し、これら内部側パネル部１２ｂ〜１２ｄの外側付近つまりベルトライン部７に外装部材８が固定的に設けられている。尚、ベルトライン部とは、一般的にドア本体において外部の人間の腰の高さ部位をいうこともあるが、通常、ドア本体の大きさや取付け位置等に関係なく、ドア本体の上端部分の外側に位置する部位をいう。
【００２４】
尚、ウインドウガラス６を、インナ側レインフォースメント１１とアウタ側レインフォースメント１３との間を通してドア本体３の内部に収納することができ、インナ側レインフォースメント１１とドアトリム１４との角部付近に取付けられた断面逆Ｌ型の封止部材１５と外装部材８の上端部の相対向する部分に、ウインドウガラス６用のウエザストリップ１６ａ〜１６ｄが取付けられている。
【００２５】
前記外装部材８について詳細に説明する。図２に示すように、外装部材８は、アウタパネル１２の上端部分（内部側パネル部１２ｂ〜１２ｄ）の外側及びその内部側パネル部１２ｄの上端部分を覆う外方凸状に湾曲した合成樹脂（例えば、ポリプロピレン）製の前後に長いカバー部材２０、カバー部材２０と一体形成されドア本体３側へ略水平に突出する前後に長いリブ２１〜２４、リブ２１〜２４（カバー部材２０）の外面側を覆う表皮部材３０有する。
【００２６】
カバー部材２０の上端部分には、車室側へ湾曲した部分から下方へ９０度屈曲する係合部２０ａが形成され、この係合部２０ａが内部側パネル部１２ｄ及びパネル部１３ｃに上側から係合され、リブ２１の先端部が内部側パネル部１２ｄに当接し、リブ２２〜２４の先端部は内部側パネル部１２ｃに当接している。尚、この状態で、カバー部材２０の下端部に車室側へ屈曲状に形成された屈曲部２０ｂの先端部が内部側パネル部１２ｂから僅かに離れた位置に保持される。
【００２７】
また、リブ２３，２４の先端部は、これらリブ２３，２４と一体形成された取付け部２５を有し、その取付け部２５が内部側パネル部１２ｃに当接し、複数のビス２６によりアウタ側レインフォースメント１３の裏面（右面）側から締結されドア本体３に取付けられている。尚、インナパネル１０及びインナ側レインフォースメント１１には、車室側からドライバー２７で複数のビス２６を締め付ける為の複数のドライバー用挿通孔２８が形成されている。
【００２８】
表皮部材３０は、室内側に位置する合成樹脂製の発泡材からなる弾性部材層３１と、外側に位置する合成樹脂製の表皮層３２とを有し、弾性部材層３１はカバー部材２０の側面及び上面に密着状に設けられ、表皮層３２は弾性部材層３１に密着状に設けられている。尚、表皮層３２の上下両端部分は、見栄えのよい外観にする等の為に、カバー部材２０の係合部２０ａと屈曲部２０ｂの裏面側まで折込まれてカバー部材２０に固着されている。
【００２９】
図２に示すように、同じ前後方向位置において、外装部材８の下側から約１／３の部位が最外側部であり、ドア本体３の外装部材８よりも少し下側の部位が最外側部であるが、外装部材８の最外側部（の左右方向位置ａ）は、ドア本体３の最外側部（の左右方向位置ｂ）よりも外側に突出するように構成されている。
【００３０】
また、図１に示すように、外装部材８の上後端部が最後部であり、ドア本体３の下後端部が最後部であるが、外装部材８の最後部（の前後方向位置ｃ）は、ドア本体３の最後部（の前後方向位置ｄ）よりも後方に突出するように構成されている。尚、図１に示すように、ドア本体３の外面部側（左面部側）に、ドア開閉ノブ３５と、ドアロック用のキー差込み部３６を取扱可能に設ける為に、図示していないが、外装部材８には、これらドア開閉ノブ３５及びキー差込み部３６用の取付けスペースが形成されている。
【００３１】
上記ドア構造の作用・効果について説明する。バイクの乗員が自動車１のドア２の外装部材８に側突した場合、その外装部材８がクッションとして機能し、バイク乗員がドア２に側突した際の衝撃を吸収し、バイク乗員が受ける衝撃を格段に軽減することができる。
【００３２】
更に、外装部材８を設けることにより、自動車１の乗員が周辺の状況を確認せずに誤ってドア２を開き、ドア２の外装部材８が歩行者や自転車の乗員等に当たっても、歩行者等が受ける衝撃を軽減し、更にドア２自体（アウタパネル１０）も損傷しにくくなり、また、ドア２の外装部材８がドア側方に位置する物体（例えば、他の自動車や壁等）に当たっても、その物体やドア２自体を損傷させにくくすることができる。
【００３３】
ここで、一般的な自動車１のドア２にバイク乗員が側突する場合に、その側突部位はドア本体３の上端部分と想定されるが、外装部材８をアウタパネル１２の上端部分の外側付近（ベルトライン部７）に設けることで、バイク乗員や歩行者等がドア２に側突した際の衝撃を吸収し、バイク乗員が受ける衝撃を格段に軽減する外装部材８の機能を確保することができる。
【００３４】
また、運転者が自動車１をバックさせる際の後方確認の為等に、ドア本体３のウインドウ５側上端部分を肘掛けとして使用する場合、外装部材８を肘掛けの為の心地よいクッションとして機能させることができる。
【００３５】
外装部材８はドア本体３側へ突出するリブ２１〜２４を有するので、バイク乗員がドア２に側突した際の衝撃を、ドア本体３側へ突出するリブ２１〜２４の変形により確実に吸収できるようになり、バイク乗員が受ける衝撃を確実に軽減でき、更に自動車１の内部の乗員が受ける衝撃も軽減することができる。
【００３６】
外装部材８は、室内側に弾性部材層３１を有しリブ２１〜２４の外面側を覆う表皮部材３０を有するので、バイク乗員がドア２の外装部材８に側突した際の衝撃吸収性能を高めることができ、しかも、自動車１の乗員が周辺の状況を確認せずに誤ってドア２を開いた場合、ドア２の外装部材８が歩行者等に当たってもその歩行者等が受ける衝撃を確実に軽減することができる。
【００３７】
更に、開けたドア２がドア側方に位置する物体に当たっても、その物体やドア自体２を確実に損傷させにくくすることができる。しかも、リブ２１〜２４の外面側を覆う表皮部材３０により、外装部材８の外観を見栄えのよいものにすることができる。外装部材８のリブ２３，２４の先端部に、ドア本体３に取付ける為の取付け部を一体形成して設けたので、ドア本体３に外装部材８を簡単且つ確実に組付けできるようになる。
【００３８】
外装部材８の最外側部の左右方向位置ａをドア本体３の最外側部の作用方向位置ｂよりも外側に突出させたので、乗員が周辺の状況を確認せずに誤ってドア２を開けた場合、ドア２に当たった歩行者等が受ける衝撃を軽減し、ドア２に当たったドア側方に位置する物体やドア２自体を損傷させにくくする外装部材８の機能を確実に確保することができる。
【００３９】
外装部材８の最後部の前後方向位置ｃをドア本体３の最後部の前後方向位置ｄよりも後方に突出させたので、ドア２を開けた場合に外装部材８の最後部は最外側に位置するため、特に、ドア２に当たったドア側方に位置する物体やドア２自体が損傷しないように防止する外装部材８の機能を確実に確保できる。
【００４０】
尚、車体構造等によって異なるドアの大きさや取付け位置等に応じて、外装部材８の機能を確保できるように、外装部材８をアウタパネル１０の上端部分の外側付近の他、その部位以外の部分の外側付近にも設けてもよい。
【００４１】
【００４２】
【００４３】
【００４４】
【００４５】
【００４６】
【００４７】
尚、前記実施形態の自動車のドア構造は一例を示すものに過ぎず、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の変更を付加し、乗用車の他、ワゴン、バントラック等の種々のタイプの自動車のドア構造に本発明を適用することができる。
【００４８】
【発明の効果】
請求項１の自動車のドア構造によれば、ドアのアウタパネルの少なくとも上端部分の外側付近に、ドア側方からの衝撃を吸収する外装部材を設けたので、バイクの乗員が自動車のドアの外装部材に側突した場合、その外装部材がクッションとして機能し、バイク乗員がドアに側突した際の衝撃を吸収し、バイク乗員が受ける衝撃を格段に軽減することができる。
【００４９】
更に、外装部材を設けることにより、自動車の乗員が周辺の状況を確認せずに誤ってドアを開き、ドアの外装部材が歩行者や自転車の乗員等に当たっても、歩行者等が受ける衝撃を軽減し、更にドア自体（アウタパネル）も損傷しにくくなり、また、ドアの外装部材がドア側方に位置する物体（例えば、他の自動車や壁等）に当たっても、その物体やドア自体を損傷させにくくすることができる。
【００５０】
また、運転者が自動車（特にトラック等の運転席からの後方の長さが長い自動車）をバックさせる際の後方確認の為等に、ドア本体のウインドウ側上端部分を肘掛けとして使用する場合、外装部材を肘掛けの為の心地よいクッションとして機能させることができる。
【００５１】
この場合、外装部材は、ドア本体側へ突出しドア本体に当接する複数のリブであって外装部材の上部と中段部と下部に上下方向に間隔を空けて配置された前後に長い複数のリブを有するので、バイク乗員がドアの外装部材に側突した際の衝撃を、ドア本体側へ突出するリブの変形により確実に吸収できるようになり、バイク乗員が受ける衝撃を確実に軽減し、更に自動車の内部の乗員が受ける衝撃も軽減することができ、また、外装部材の最外側部は、ドア本体の最外側部よりも外側に突出しているため、開けたドアが歩行者等に当たってもその歩行者等が受ける衝撃を軽減し、開けたドアがドア側方に位置する物体に当たってもその物体やドア自体を損傷させにくくする外装部材の機能を確実に確保でき、また、複数のリブのうち外装部材の最外側部の高さ位置付近の一部のリブの先端部に、ドア本体に取付ける為の取付け部を設け、取付け部がドア本体に当接した状態でドア内側から締結部材で締結されるように構成したので、ドア本体に外装部材を簡単且つ確実に組付けできるようになる。
【００５２】
請求項２の自動車のドア構造によれば、ドアの外側のベルトライン部に、ドア側方からの衝撃を吸収する外装部材を設けたので、バイクの乗員が自動車のドアに側突した場合、ベルトライン部に設けられた外装部材がクッションとして機能し、バイク乗員がドアに側突した際の衝撃を吸収し、バイク乗員が受ける衝撃を軽減することができ、この外装部材は請求項１と同様の構成を備えるので、その他請求項１の効果と同様の効果を奏する。
【００５３】
請求項３の自動車のドア構造によれば、請求項１又は２と同様の効果を奏するが、外装部材は、室内側に弾性部材層を有しリブの外面側を覆う表皮部材を有するので、バイク乗員がドアの外装部材に側突した際の衝撃吸収性能を更に高めることができ、しかも、開けたドアの外装部材が歩行者等に当たってもその歩行者等が受ける衝撃を確実に軽減することができ、更に、開けたドアの外装部材がドア側方に位置する物体に当たってもその物体やドア自体を確実に損傷させにくくすることができる。しかも、リブの外面側を覆う表皮部材により、外装部材の外観を見栄えのよいものにすることができる。
【００５４】
請求項４の自動車のドア構造によれば、請求項１又は２と同様の効果を奏するが、外装部材は合成樹脂製の発泡材を有するので、バイク乗員がドアの外装部材に側突した際の衝撃を、合成樹脂製の発泡材が圧縮変形することで確実に吸収できるようになり、バイク乗員が受ける衝撃を確実に軽減し、更に自動車の内部の乗員が受ける衝撃も軽減することができる。しかも、開けたドアの外装部材が歩行者等に当たってもその歩行者等が受ける衝撃を確実に軽減でき、また、開けたドアの外装部材がドア側方に位置する物体に当たってもその物体やドア自体を確実に損傷させにくくすることができる。
【００５５】
請求項５の自動車のドア構造によれば、請求項４と同様の効果を奏するが、外装部材は前記発泡材の外面側を覆う表皮部材を有するので、発泡材の外面側を覆う表皮部材により、外装部材の外観を見栄えのよいものにすることができる。
【００５６】
請求項６の自動車のドア構造によれば、請求項１〜５の何れか１項と同様の効果を奏するが、外装部材の最後部をドア本体の最後部よりも後方に突出させたので、ドアを開けた場合に外装部材の最後部は最外側に位置するため、特に、開けたドアがドア側方に位置する物体に当たってもその物体やドア自体を損傷しないようにする外装部材の機能を確実に確保できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の実施の形態に係る自動車のドアの側面図である。
【図２】図１のII−II線断面図である。
【符号の説明】
１自動車
２ドア
３ドア本体
７ベルトライン部
８外装部材
１０インナパネル
１２アウタパネル
２１〜２４リブ
２５取付け部
３０，４２表皮部材
３１弾性部材層 [0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an automobile door structure, and more particularly, to a door structure in which an exterior member that absorbs an impact from the side of the door is provided in the vicinity of the outer side of at least the upper end portion of the door outer panel.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the conventional door structure of automobiles, assuming that other automobiles collide with the door, etc., the door body has a structure with a certain degree of strength and rigidity. The door body is reinforced with a reinforcing member such as a mentment, filled with a foam made of synthetic resin in a closed cross-section frame composed of a plurality of door body panels, or ribs are provided between the door body panels. In general, techniques for improving the strength and rigidity of the steel are also widely used.
[0003]
By the way, in the conventional door structure of an automobile, as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 7-35126, it is known that the outer surface of the door is covered with garnish, but the surface side of the outer panel of the door body, particularly the door body. of the outer belt line portion, which is provided with cushioning members for the purpose of protection child car outside such as a human it has not been put to practical use.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Although the conventional automobile door structure can protect the passengers inside the automobile against side collisions, etc., the outer panel of the door body covers almost the entire outer surface of the door body. It is not sufficient to absorb the impact on the motorcycle occupant when the occupant collides with the door.
[0005]
Furthermore, when an automobile occupant accidentally opens the door without confirming the surrounding situation, the door becomes a hindrance to pedestrians, bicycle occupants, etc., and the door itself is also easily damaged. Even when the door hits an object located on the side of the door (for example, another automobile or a wall), there is a problem that the object or the door itself is easily damaged.
[0006]
The object of the present invention is to reduce the impact received by a person such as a motorcycle occupant or a pedestrian outside the automobile in the automobile door structure, even if the opened door hits an object located on the side of the door. For example, it is difficult to damage the object or the door itself (outer panel).
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The automobile door structure according to claim 1 is provided with an exterior member that absorbs an impact from the side of the door in the vicinity of at least the upper end portion of the door outer panel, and the exterior member projects toward the door body and contacts the door body. It has a plurality of ribs that are in contact with each other and have a plurality of ribs that are long in the front and rear and spaced apart in the vertical direction at the upper, middle and lower portions of the exterior member. A mounting portion for mounting to the door body is provided at a tip end portion of a portion of the plurality of ribs near the height position of the outermost portion of the exterior member. It is comprised so that it may be fastened with a fastening member from the door inner side in the state which contact | abutted to the door main body . Therefore, when a motorcycle occupant collides with the exterior member of an automobile door, the exterior member functions as a cushion, absorbs the impact when the motorcycle occupant collides with the door, and greatly receives the impact received by the motorcycle occupant. Can be reduced.
[0008]
Here, when a motorcycle occupant collides with a general automobile door, the side collision part is assumed to be the upper end portion of the door main body, but by providing an exterior member at least near the upper end portion of the outer panel, It is possible to ensure the function of the exterior member that remarkably reduces the impact received by motorcycle occupants, pedestrians and the like. In addition, in order to ensure the function of the exterior member according to the size and mounting position of the door, which differs depending on the vehicle body structure, etc., the exterior member is placed near the outside of the upper part of the outer panel and the outside of the part other than that part. May also be provided.
[0009]
In addition, by providing an exterior member, even if an automobile occupant accidentally opens the door without checking the surrounding conditions, the impact received by the pedestrian is reduced even if the exterior member of the door hits a pedestrian or bicycle occupant. In addition, the door itself (outer panel) is also less likely to be damaged, and even if the door exterior member hits an object located on the side of the door (for example, another automobile or wall), the object or the door itself is less likely to be damaged. can do.
[0010]
In addition, when the driver uses the upper end of the window side of the door body as an armrest, for example, to check the back when backing a car (especially a car with a long rear side from the driver's seat such as a truck) The member can function as a comfortable cushion for armrests.
[0011]
In this case, the exterior member is a plurality of ribs that protrude toward the door body and come into contact with the door body, and that are long at the front and rear and spaced apart in the vertical direction at the upper, middle and lower portions of the exterior member. Therefore, the shock when the motorcycle occupant collides with the exterior member of the door can be reliably absorbed by the deformation of the rib projecting to the door body side, and the impact received by the motorcycle occupant is surely reduced. The impact received by passengers inside the car can also be reduced.
[0012]
In addition, since the outermost part of the exterior member protrudes outward from the outermost part of the door body, even if the opened door hits a pedestrian or the like, the impact received by the pedestrian or the like is reduced, and the opened door is Even if it hits an object located on the side of the door, the function of the exterior member that makes it difficult to damage the object or the door itself can be ensured.
[0013]
In addition, an attachment portion for attaching to the door body is provided at a tip end portion of a portion of the plurality of ribs near the height position of the outermost portion of the exterior member, and the attachment portion contacts the door body. In this state, since the fastening member is fastened from the inside of the door, the exterior member can be easily and reliably assembled to the door body.
[0014]
The automobile door structure according to claim 2 is provided with an exterior member that absorbs an impact from the side of the door on a belt line portion outside the door, and the exterior member protrudes toward the door body and comes into contact with the door body. The rib has a plurality of ribs that are long in the front and rear and spaced apart in the vertical direction at the upper, middle and lower portions of the exterior member, and the outermost portion of the exterior member is more than the outermost portion of the door body. And a mounting portion for mounting to the door body is provided at a tip portion of a portion of the plurality of ribs near the height position of the outermost portion of the exterior member, and the mounting portion is a door body. It is configured to be fastened by a fastening member from the inside of the door while being in contact with the door. When a motorcycle occupant collides with the door of an automobile, the motorcycle occupant tends to collide with the beltline due to the height position of the beltline on the outside of the door. The outer packaging member functions as a cushion, can absorb the impact when the motorcycle occupant collides with the door, and can reduce the impact received by the motorcycle occupant. Other effects similar to those of the first aspect are achieved.
[0015]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a door structure for an automobile according to the first or second aspect, wherein the exterior member includes a skin member having an elastic member layer on an indoor side and covering an outer surface side of a rib. is there. Therefore, it is possible to further improve the shock absorption performance when a motorcycle occupant collides with the exterior member of the door, and even if the exterior member of the opened door hits a pedestrian, the impact received by the pedestrian is reliably reduced. Furthermore, even if the exterior member of the opened door hits an object located on the side of the door, the object and the door itself can be reliably prevented from being damaged. Moreover, the outer appearance of the exterior member can be improved by the skin member covering the outer surface side of the rib.
[0016]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a door structure for an automobile according to the first or second aspect, wherein the exterior member has a foam material made of synthetic resin. Therefore, the impact when the motorcycle occupant collides with the exterior member of the door can be reliably absorbed by the compression deformation of the foam material, and the impact received by the motorcycle occupant is reliably reduced. The impact received can also be reduced. Moreover, even if the exterior member of the opened door hits a pedestrian or the like, the impact received by the pedestrian or the like can be surely reduced, and even if the exterior member of the opened door hits an object located on the side of the door, the object or the door itself Can be reliably prevented from being damaged.
[0017]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a door structure for an automobile according to the fourth aspect, wherein the exterior member includes a skin member that covers an outer surface side of the foamed material. Therefore, the outer appearance of the exterior member can be improved by the skin member covering the outer surface side of the foam material.
[0018]
The door structure of an automobile according to claim 6 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the rearmost part of the exterior member protrudes rearward from the rearmost part of the door body. is there. Therefore, when the door is opened, the outermost part of the exterior member is located on the outermost side, so that the exterior member that prevents the object and the door itself from being damaged even if the opened door hits an object located on the side of the door. The function of can be ensured.
[0019]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. This embodiment is an example when the present invention is applied to an automobile door structure. In the present embodiment, the door structure on the driver's seat and passenger seat side of the passenger car will be described. However, the present invention can be applied to the door structure of automobiles such as trucks, wagons, and vans.
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the door 2 on the driver's seat (passenger seat) side of the automobile 1 includes a door body 3, a door sash 4 with base ends fixed to both front and rear ends of the door body 3, and a door body. 3 which is provided on the belt line portion 7 on the outside (left side) of the door 2 in addition to the window glass 6 which opens and closes the window 5 formed by the upper end portion 3 and the door sash 4. The exterior member 8 is provided.
[0021]
The door body 3 includes an inner panel 10, an inner side reinforcement 11 that reinforces the upper end portion of the inner panel 10 from its back surface (left surface) side, an outer panel 12, and an outer side that reinforces the outer panel 12 from its back surface (right surface) side. A door trim 14, which is an interior member, is attached to the vehicle compartment side (right side) of the inner panel 10.
[0022]
The outer panel 12 is formed with an outer panel portion 12a facing outward and inner panel portions 12b to 12d located on the vehicle compartment side of the outer panel portion 12a from the lower side. The panel portion 13a approaching the outer side panel portion 12a, a part of the panel portion 13b contacting the inner side panel portion 12c and fixed by welding or the like, and the upper end portion of the inner side panel portion 12d contacting and fixed by welding or the like The panel part 13c is formed from the lower side.
[0023]
The vicinity of the outside of the inner side panel portions 12 b to 12 d corresponds to the belt line portion 7, and the exterior member 8 is fixedly provided near the outside of the inner side panel portions 12 b to 12 d, that is, the belt line portion 7. The belt line portion generally refers to a height portion of an external human waist in the door body, but usually the upper end portion of the door body regardless of the size of the door body or the mounting position. The part located outside.
[0024]
The window glass 6 can be accommodated inside the door body 3 through the inner side reinforcement 11 and the outer side reinforcement 13, and near the corner between the inner side reinforcement 11 and the door trim 14. Weather strips 16a to 16d for the window glass 6 are attached to opposite portions of the sealing member 15 having an inverted L-shaped cross section attached to the upper end of the exterior member 8.
[0025]
The exterior member 8 will be described in detail. As shown in FIG. 2, the exterior member 8 is made of a synthetic resin curved outwardly to cover the outer side of the upper end portion (inner side panel portions 12 b to 12 d) of the outer panel 12 and the upper end portion of the inner side panel portion 12 d ( For example, a long cover member 20 before and after made of polypropylene), and the outer surface side of the ribs 21 to 24 and the ribs 21 to 24 (cover member 20) which are integrally formed with the cover member 20 and protrude substantially horizontally toward the door body 3 side. The skin member 30 is covered.
[0026]
At the upper end portion of the cover member 20, an engaging portion 20a that is bent 90 degrees downward from a portion curved toward the passenger compartment is formed, and this engaging portion 20a is engaged with the inner side panel portion 12d and the panel portion 13c from above. The tip of the rib 21 is in contact with the inner panel portion 12d, and the tip of the ribs 22 to 24 is in contact with the inner panel portion 12c. In this state, the tip end portion of the bent portion 20b formed to be bent toward the vehicle compartment side at the lower end portion of the cover member 20 is held at a position slightly separated from the inner panel portion 12b.
[0027]
The tip portions of the ribs 23 and 24 have mounting portions 25 formed integrally with the ribs 23 and 24. The mounting portions 25 abut against the inner panel portion 12c, and the outer side rain is formed by a plurality of screws 26. Fastened from the back side (right side) side of the force 13 and attached to the door body 3. The inner panel 10 and the inner reinforcement 11 are formed with a plurality of driver insertion holes 28 for tightening a plurality of screws 26 with a driver 27 from the vehicle compartment side.
[0028]
The skin member 30 includes an elastic member layer 31 made of a synthetic resin foam material located on the indoor side, and a synthetic resin skin layer 32 located on the outside. The elastic member layer 31 is a side surface of the cover member 20. The skin layer 32 is provided in close contact with the elastic member layer 31. In addition, the upper and lower end portions of the skin layer 32 are folded and fixed to the cover member 20 to the back side of the engaging portion 20a and the bent portion 20b of the cover member 20 in order to make the appearance look good.
[0029]
As shown in FIG. 2, at the same front-rear direction position, a portion of about 1/3 from the lower side of the exterior member 8 is the outermost portion, and a portion slightly lower than the exterior member 8 of the door body 3 is the outermost portion. Although it is a part, the outermost part (the left-right direction position a) of the exterior member 8 is comprised so that it may protrude outside the outermost part (the left-right direction position b) of the door main body 3.
[0030]
As shown in FIG. 1, the upper rear end portion of the exterior member 8 is the rearmost portion, and the lower rear end portion of the door main body 3 is the rearmost portion. ) Is configured to protrude rearward from the rearmost portion (the position d in the front-rear direction) of the door body 3. As shown in FIG. 1, the door opening / closing knob 35 and the door lock key insertion portion 36 are not shown in the figure so as to be provided on the outer surface side (left surface portion side) of the door body 3 so as to be handled. A mounting space for the door opening / closing knob 35 and the key insertion portion 36 is formed in the exterior member 8.
[0031]
The operation and effect of the door structure will be described. When a motorcycle occupant collides with the exterior member 8 of the door 2 of the automobile 1, the exterior member 8 functions as a cushion, absorbs the impact when the motorcycle occupant collides with the door 2, and the impact received by the motorcycle occupant Can be significantly reduced.
[0032]
Further, by providing the exterior member 8, even if the occupant of the car 1 opens the door 2 accidentally without checking the surrounding situation, the pedestrian or the like even if the exterior member 8 of the door 2 hits a pedestrian or a bicycle occupant, etc. The door 2 itself (outer panel 10) is less likely to be damaged, and even if the exterior member 8 of the door 2 hits an object located on the side of the door (for example, another automobile or wall) The object and the door 2 itself can be made difficult to be damaged.
[0033]
Here, when a motorcycle occupant collides with the door 2 of a general automobile 1, the side collision portion is assumed to be the upper end portion of the door body 3, but the exterior member 8 is located near the outer side of the upper end portion of the outer panel 12. By providing in (belt line part 7), the function of the exterior member 8 which absorbs the impact when a motorcycle occupant, a pedestrian, etc. collide with the door 2 and reduces the impact received by the motorcycle occupant is ensured. Can do.
[0034]
Further, when the driver uses the upper end portion of the door body 3 on the window 5 side as an armrest for the purpose of confirming the rear when the vehicle 1 is backed, the exterior member 8 can function as a comfortable cushion for the armrest. it can.
[0035]
Since the exterior member 8 has ribs 21 to 24 protruding to the door body 3 side, the impact when the motorcycle occupant side-projects to the door 2 is reliably absorbed by deformation of the ribs 21 to 24 protruding to the door body 3 side. As a result, the impact received by the motorcycle occupant can be reliably reduced, and the impact received by the occupant inside the automobile 1 can also be reduced.
[0036]
Since the exterior member 8 has the skin member 30 that has the elastic member layer 31 on the indoor side and covers the outer surface side of the ribs 21 to 24, the shock absorbing performance when the motorcycle occupant collides with the exterior member 8 of the door 2. In addition, if the occupant of the car 1 accidentally opens the door 2 without checking the surrounding conditions, even if the exterior member 8 of the door 2 hits the pedestrian or the like, the impact received by the pedestrian or the like is assured. Can be reduced.
[0037]
Furthermore, even if the opened door 2 hits an object located on the side of the door, the object or the door itself 2 can be reliably prevented from being damaged. Moreover, the outer appearance of the exterior member 8 can be improved by the skin member 30 that covers the outer surfaces of the ribs 21 to 24. Since the attachment portions for attaching to the door main body 3 are integrally formed at the distal ends of the ribs 23 and 24 of the exterior member 8, the exterior member 8 can be easily and reliably assembled to the door main body 3.
[0038]
Since the lateral position a of the outermost part of the exterior member 8 protrudes outward from the action direction position b of the outermost part of the door body 3, the passenger accidentally opens the door 2 without checking the surrounding conditions. If this happens, the function of the exterior member 8 that reduces the impact received by pedestrians and the like that hit the door 2 and makes it difficult to damage the object located on the side of the door that hits the door 2 and the door 2 itself is surely secured. Can do.
[0039]
Since the front-rear direction position c of the rearmost part of the exterior member 8 protrudes rearward from the front-rear direction position d of the rearmost part of the door body 3, the rearmost part of the exterior member 8 is located on the outermost side when the door 2 is opened. Therefore, in particular, the function of the exterior member 8 for preventing the object located on the side of the door that hits the door 2 and the door 2 itself from being damaged can be reliably ensured.
[0040]
It should be noted that the exterior member 8 is arranged in the vicinity of the outer side of the upper end portion of the outer panel 10 and other portions other than that portion so that the function of the exterior member 8 can be ensured according to the size and mounting position of the door which varies depending on the vehicle body structure and the like. It may also be provided near the outside .
[0041]
[0042]
[0043]
[0044]
[0045]
[0046]
[0047]
The door structure of the automobile of the above embodiment is merely an example, and various modifications are made without departing from the gist of the present invention, and various types of automobiles such as wagons, van trucks, etc. in addition to passenger cars. The present invention can be applied to the door structure.
[0048]
【The invention's effect】
According to the automobile door structure of the first aspect, the exterior member for absorbing the impact from the side of the door is provided near the outside of at least the upper end portion of the outer panel of the door. In the case of a side impact, the exterior member functions as a cushion, absorbs an impact when the motorcycle occupant collides with the door, and can significantly reduce the impact received by the motorcycle occupant.
[0049]
In addition, by providing an exterior member, even if an automobile occupant accidentally opens the door without checking the surrounding conditions, the impact received by the pedestrian is reduced even if the exterior member of the door hits a pedestrian or bicycle occupant. In addition, the door itself (outer panel) is also less likely to be damaged, and even if the door exterior member hits an object located on the side of the door (for example, another automobile or wall), the object or the door itself is less likely to be damaged. can do.
[0050]
In addition, when the driver uses the upper end of the window side of the door body as an armrest, for example, to check the back when backing a car (especially a car with a long rear side from the driver's seat such as a truck) The member can function as a comfortable cushion for armrests.
[0051]
In this case, the outer member is greater plurality of ribs around which are spaced apart in the vertical direction to protrude into the door body and a plurality of ribs abutting the door body into an upper portion and a middle portion the lower portion of the armor member Therefore, the shock when the motorcycle occupant collides with the exterior member of the door can be reliably absorbed by the deformation of the rib projecting to the door body side, and the impact received by the motorcycle occupant is surely reduced. The impact received by passengers inside the car can also be reduced, and the outermost part of the exterior member protrudes outside the outermost part of the door body, so even if the opened door hits a pedestrian or the like Reduces the impact received by pedestrians, ensures the function of the exterior member that makes it difficult to damage the object and the door itself even if the opened door hits an object located on the side of the door. Exterior member At the tip of some ribs near the height position of the outermost part, an attachment part for attachment to the door body is provided, so that the attachment part is in contact with the door body and fastened with a fastening member from the inside of the door Thus, the exterior member can be easily and reliably assembled to the door body.
[0052]
According to the automobile door structure of claim 2, since the exterior member that absorbs the impact from the side of the door is provided in the belt line portion outside the door, when a motorcycle occupant collides with the automobile door, The exterior member provided in the belt line portion functions as a cushion, can absorb the impact when the motorcycle occupant side impacts the door, and can reduce the impact received by the motorcycle occupant. Since the same configuration is provided, the same effects as those of the first aspect of the invention can be achieved.
[0053]
According to the automobile door structure of claim 3 , the same effect as in claim 1 or 2 is obtained, but the exterior member has a skin member that has an elastic member layer on the indoor side and covers the outer surface side of the rib. The shock absorption performance when a motorcycle occupant collides with the exterior member of the door can be further enhanced, and even if the exterior member of the opened door hits a pedestrian, the impact received by the pedestrian is reliably reduced. Furthermore, even if the exterior member of the opened door hits an object located on the side of the door, the object and the door itself can be reliably prevented from being damaged. Moreover, the outer appearance of the exterior member can be improved by the skin member covering the outer surface side of the rib.
[0054]
According to the automobile door structure of the fourth aspect, the same effect as in the first or second aspect is obtained, but the exterior member has a synthetic resin foam material, so that when the motorcycle occupant side impacts the exterior member of the door. Can be absorbed reliably by the foaming material made of synthetic resin being compressed and deformed, the shock received by the motorcycle occupant can be reliably reduced, and the impact received by the occupant inside the vehicle can also be reduced. . Moreover, even if the exterior member of the opened door hits a pedestrian or the like, the impact received by the pedestrian or the like can be surely reduced, and even if the exterior member of the opened door hits an object located on the side of the door, the object or the door itself Can be reliably prevented from being damaged.
[0055]
According to the automobile door structure of the fifth aspect, the same effect as in the fourth aspect is achieved, but the exterior member has a skin member that covers the outer surface side of the foam material, and therefore, by the skin member that covers the outer surface side of the foam material. The appearance of the exterior member can be improved.
[0056]
According to the vehicle door structure of claim 6, the same effect as any one of claims 1 to 5 is achieved, but the rearmost part of the exterior member protrudes rearward from the rearmost part of the door body. Since the rearmost part of the exterior member is located on the outermost side when the door is opened, the function of the exterior member prevents the object and the door itself from being damaged even if the opened door hits an object located on the side of the door. It can be surely secured.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view of an automobile door according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG .
[Explanation of symbols]
1 car
2 door 3 door body 7 belt line section
8 Exterior member 10 Inner panel 12 Outer panel 21-24 Rib 25 Attaching part 30, 42 Skin member 31 Elastic member layer

Claims

In the door structure of automobiles,
An exterior member that absorbs impact from the side of the door is provided near the outside of at least the upper end portion of the outer panel of the door ,
The exterior member has a plurality of ribs that protrude toward the door body side and abut against the door body, and that are long at the front and back and spaced apart in the vertical direction at the upper, middle and lower portions of the exterior member. The outermost part of the exterior member projects outside the outermost part of the door body,
Provided with an attachment portion for attaching to the door body at the tip portion of some ribs near the height position of the outermost portion of the exterior member among the plurality of ribs,
A door structure for an automobile, wherein the mounting portion is configured to be fastened by a fastening member from the inside of the door in a state where the mounting portion is in contact with the door body .

In the door structure of automobiles,
An exterior member that absorbs impact from the side of the door is provided on the belt line portion outside the door ,
The exterior member has a plurality of ribs that protrude toward the door body side and abut against the door body, and that are long at the front and back and spaced apart in the vertical direction at the upper, middle and lower portions of the exterior member. The outermost part of the exterior member projects outside the outermost part of the door body,
Provided with an attachment portion for attaching to the door body at the tip portion of some ribs near the height position of the outermost portion of the exterior member among the plurality of ribs,
A door structure for an automobile, wherein the mounting portion is configured to be fastened by a fastening member from the inside of the door in a state where the mounting portion is in contact with the door body .

The automobile door structure according to claim 1, wherein the exterior member has a skin member that has an elastic member layer on an indoor side and covers an outer surface side of a rib.

The automobile door structure according to claim 1, wherein the exterior member has a foam material made of synthetic resin.

The said exterior member has a skin member which covers the outer surface side of the said foaming material, The door structure of the motor vehicle of Claim 4 characterized by the above-mentioned.

6. The automobile door structure according to claim 1, wherein a rearmost portion of the exterior member projects rearward from a rearmost portion of the door main body.