JP4159632B2 - Foaming agent for lightweight cellular concrete - Google Patents

Foaming agent for lightweight cellular concrete Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4159632B2
JP4159632B2 JP26334797A JP26334797A JP4159632B2 JP 4159632 B2 JP4159632 B2 JP 4159632B2 JP 26334797 A JP26334797 A JP 26334797A JP 26334797 A JP26334797 A JP 26334797A JP 4159632 B2 JP4159632 B2 JP 4159632B2
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Prior art keywords
foaming agent
slurry
cellular concrete
bubbles
lightweight cellular
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JPH11100286A (en
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稔 中田
武志 鯉沼
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第一化成産業株式会社
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/40Surface-active agents, dispersants

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、セメントミルク、モルタルスラリー、コンクリートスラリー等(以下これらを総称して「スラリー」と略記する)に安定した気泡の混入を可能とする軽量気泡コンクリート用起泡剤に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
起泡剤を使用して製造される気泡コンクリートは、軽量性、断熱性および不燃耐火性等の性質を兼備した優れた建築材料として、近年その需要が高まっている。
【0003】
従来の起泡剤は、炭化水素系界面活性剤または蛋白系界面活性剤を主成分として含有するものが広く慣用されており、かような起泡剤を用いた気泡コンクリートの製造方式には大別して、ミキシング方式とプレフォーム方式とがある。ミキシング方式は、グラウトミキサー中に水と起泡剤とを投入して泡立てを行った後、骨材(セメントミルクの場合は不要)およびセメントを順次投入して混練りを行う方式であり、プレフォーム方式は、予めミキサーでスラリーを練り、これとは別に発泡装置で水と起泡剤を用いてムース状の緻密な泡(以下これを単に「気泡」という)をつくり、この気泡をホース等を用いてミキサー内のスラリー中に注入して混練りを行う方式である。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
近年、人件費の削減を目的とした工期の短縮化や、工事日程の都合等により、1日に少しでも多く、高く打設する要求が増加している。
【0005】
しかしながら従来の起泡剤においては、1日に多く、高く打設するとセメントの自重、高アルカリ等の悪条件によりスラリー中で気泡が破泡し、硬化後の体積が減少する場合がある。
【0006】
さらに、気泡とスラリーとの混合時間を短くする場合も多くなるが、混合時間の短縮によって、スラリー内部に気泡が完全に分散しきれず、気泡コンクリートが不安定となり、同様に打設後の体積減少が認められる傾向がある。
【0007】
また、工事現場で型枠の奥行が深い等のため気泡コンクリート注入ホースを型枠の奥まで挿入することができず、型枠の比較的浅い位置にホースを挿入して気泡混合スラリーの流動性により型枠の奥まで流し込む場合があるが、スラリーに十分な流動性がない場合には型枠の奥まで流れ込みにくくなる。流動性を持たせるために気泡混合スラリーに水を添加すると材料分離が加速され気泡がスラリーから分離してしまい、打設後に体積が減少する傾向にある。
【0008】
そこで本発明は、水/セメント比を極端に増加させることなく気泡混合スラリーの流動性を維持することができ、気泡とスラリーとの比較的短い混合時間でも気泡をスラリー中に良好かつ安定に分散でき、硬化後に体積減少の生じることのない軽量気泡コンクリートを製造することができる改良された起泡剤を提供することを目的としてなされたものである。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
すなわち本発明による軽量気泡コンクリート用起泡剤は、炭化水素系界面活性剤または蛋白系界面活性剤を主成分とする起泡剤にフッ素系界面活性剤を添加したことを特徴とするものである。
【0010】
フッ素系界面活性剤の添加量は、一般的には起泡剤全量に対して0.1〜10重量%の範囲とすることが望ましい。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の起泡剤は、従来から慣用されている気泡コンクリート用起泡剤と全く同様にしてセメントミルク、モルタルスラリー、コンクリートスラリー等に添加して使用することができる。
【0012】
すなわちこれらスラリーに用いるセメントとしては、普通ポルトランドセメント、早強ポルトランドセメント等の他、フライアッシュセメント、高炉セメントといった混合セメント等を使用することができる。
【0013】
また骨材としては、砂、軽量骨材、ケイ砂等が広く使用できるが、材料分離を起こしにくくするためには、骨材を除いた気泡コンクリートの比重と同程度の比重を有する骨材を使用することが望ましい。
【0014】
本発明に使用するフッ素系界面活性剤は、分子中にフッ素元素を含有する化合物であれば特に制限なく用いることができ、極性についてもアニオン、カチオン、ノニオン、両性のいかなる種類でも使用することができる。
【0015】
フッ素系界面活性剤の添加量は、一般的には起泡剤全量に対して0.1〜10重量%、好ましくは0.5〜5重量%、さらに好ましくは1〜4重量%の範囲とする。フッ素系界面活性剤の添加量が0.1重量%より少ないと添加効果が十分でなく、10重量%を超えて添加しても効果の向上が頭打ちとなり経済的に不利となる。
【0016】
本発明の起泡剤を用いて気泡コンクリートを製造するに際しては、従来のミキシング方式またはプレフォーム方式のどちらの方法でも採用することができる。
【0017】
プレフォーム方式で気泡とスラリーとを混合するためのミキサーは、従来と同様の250rpm程度以上のグラウトミキサーなどが使用できるが、二次発泡して空気量が増加する場合があるため、ラインミキサーが好ましく使用できる。
【0018】
気泡混合スラリーの圧送はチューブポンプ、スネークポンプ、油圧式ピストンポンプ等が好ましく使用できる。脈動が多いポンプは気泡分離を起こすため好ましくない。
【0019】
スラリー中の気泡の保持時間を向上させるために、必要に応じて気泡安定剤を添加してもよい。気泡安定剤としてはカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)、アルギン酸塩、ガム類を使用することができ、その添加量は作業方法、発泡性などを考慮して決定すればよい。上記した気泡安定剤の他に、鉄、マグネシウム、アルミニウム等の金属塩、ラウリルアルコール、ミリスチルアルコール、セチルアルコール等の高級アルコールなども気泡の保持時間向上に有効である。
【0020】
寒冷地での使用において起泡剤の凍結を防止するため、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ヘキシレングリコール、グリセリン等のグリコール類を必要に応じて添加してもよく、添加量は作業環境などを考慮して決定することができる。食塩の添加によっても凍結点を低下させることができるが、鉄筋の腐食を生じさせるためその添加量には注意を要する。
【0021】
【実施例】
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0022】
実施例に使用した起泡剤は次の4種類である。
A:加水分解蛋白系界面活性剤からなる市販起泡剤(比較例)
B:炭化水素系界面活性剤からなる市販起泡剤(比較例)
C:起泡剤A[97重量%]+フッ素系界面活性剤[3重量%](実施例)
D:起泡剤B[97重量%]+フッ素系界面活性剤[3重量%](実施例)
フッ素系界面活性剤としては、「ロダイン K78'220B」(チバガイギー社製商品名、ノニオン系)を使用した。
【0023】
上記4種類の起泡剤を5容量%となるようにそれぞれ水で希釈し、この希釈液から発泡ノズルを用いて容積重量50g/L(リットル)の気泡を調製した。この気泡を別途調製したセメントミルクに加えて40L容の横型ミキサーを用いて25rpmで1分間混練りし4種類の気泡セメントミルクを得た。セメントミルクの配合および気泡の添加量を表1に示す。
【0024】

Figure 0004159632
【0025】
[流動性試験]
上記で得られた4種類の気泡セメントミルクについて、日本道路公団規格 JHS A 313-1922「エアモルタル及びエアミルクの試験方法」、1.コンシステンシー試験方法、1.2 シリンダー法に基づき流動性試験を行った。試験方法は下記の通りである。
【0026】
内径80mm、高さ80mmの硬質プラスチック製シリンダーを、一辺の長さが400mm以上の変形のない水平な硬化プラスチック製板の上に静置し、気泡セメントミルクをシリンダーからあふれさせないように、シリンダーの上端まで静かに入れる。気泡セメントミルクの表面が水平かつシリンダーの上端に一致するように、シリンダーの側面を指で軽くたたいた後、シリンダーを静かに鉛直方向に引き上げて気泡セメントミルクを板上に広げさせる。広がって1分後に、最大と認められる方向の径と、これに直角方向の径を測定する。測定値の差が20mm以上ある場合には、再度新しい材料で試験を行う。このときの2つの測定値の平均を求めてフロー値(mm)として表示する。結果を表2に示す。
【0027】
フロー値は大きいほど流動性がある。表2から、本発明の起泡剤CおよびDを用いた気泡セメントミルクはいずれも比較例の起泡剤AおよびBを用いた気泡セメントミルクより流動性に優れていることがわかる。
【0028】
Figure 0004159632
【0029】
[気泡安定性試験]
上記で得られた4種類の気泡セメントミルクを内径30cm、高さ1m の型枠内に注入して型枠上端をすり切り、1日後の気泡セメントミルクの沈下の状態を観察した。結果を表3に示す。
【0030】
表3からわかるように、比較例の起泡剤AおよびBを用いた気泡セメントミルクはいずれも沈下を生じた。一方、本発明の起泡剤CおよびDを用いた気泡セメントミルクはいずれも沈下を生じることがなかった。このことから、気泡とセメントミルクとの混合に際して、25rpmで1分間といった緩やかで比較的短時間の混合によっても、気泡が安定で良好に分散していることがわかる。
【0031】
Figure 0004159632
【0032】
【発明の効果】
上述したところからわかるように本発明によれば、気泡混合スラリーに優れた流動性を付与するとともに、気泡とスラリーとの比較的短い混合時間でも気泡をスラリー中に良好かつ安定に分散でき、硬化後に体積減少の生じることのない軽量気泡コンクリート用起泡剤を提供することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a foaming agent for lightweight cellular concrete that enables stable mixing of bubbles in cement milk, mortar slurry, concrete slurry and the like (hereinafter collectively referred to as “slurry”).
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, the demand for cellular concrete produced using a foaming agent is increasing as an excellent building material having properties such as lightness, heat insulation, and incombustibility and fire resistance.
[0003]
Conventional foaming agents containing a hydrocarbon surfactant or a protein surfactant as a main component are widely used, and a large amount of foaming concrete using such a foaming agent is widely used. Separately, there are a mixing method and a preform method. The mixing method is a method in which water and a foaming agent are put into a grout mixer and foamed, then aggregates (not required in the case of cement milk) and cement are sequentially added and kneaded. In the foam method, slurry is kneaded in advance with a mixer, and separately from this, mousse-like dense bubbles (hereinafter simply referred to as “bubbles”) are formed using water and a foaming agent in a foaming device, and these bubbles are used as hoses, etc. Is used to inject into the slurry in the mixer and knead.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In recent years, due to the shortening of the construction period for the purpose of reducing labor costs and the convenience of construction schedules, there has been an increase in the demand for placing as much as possible a day.
[0005]
However, in the conventional foaming agent, the amount of foaming in the slurry may be reduced due to bad conditions such as the weight of the cement and high alkali, and the volume after curing may be reduced when it is placed high in a day.
[0006]
Furthermore, the mixing time of bubbles and slurry is often shortened, but due to the shortening of the mixing time, the bubbles cannot be completely dispersed inside the slurry, the cellular concrete becomes unstable, and similarly the volume after placing is reduced. There is a tendency to be recognized.
[0007]
Also, because the depth of the formwork is deep at the construction site, it is not possible to insert the aerated concrete injection hose as far as the back of the formwork. However, when the slurry does not have sufficient fluidity, it is difficult to flow into the mold. When water is added to the bubble mixed slurry to provide fluidity, material separation is accelerated and the bubbles are separated from the slurry, and the volume tends to decrease after placement.
[0008]
Therefore, the present invention can maintain the fluidity of the bubble-mixed slurry without extremely increasing the water / cement ratio, and the bubbles can be dispersed in the slurry well and stably even with a relatively short mixing time of the bubbles and the slurry. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an improved foaming agent capable of producing lightweight cellular concrete that is capable of being produced and does not cause a decrease in volume after curing.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the foaming agent for lightweight cellular concrete according to the present invention is characterized in that a fluorosurfactant is added to a foaming agent mainly composed of a hydrocarbon surfactant or a protein surfactant. .
[0010]
In general, the addition amount of the fluorosurfactant is desirably in the range of 0.1 to 10% by weight with respect to the total amount of the foaming agent.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The foaming agent of the present invention can be used by adding to cement milk, mortar slurry, concrete slurry and the like in the same manner as conventionally used foaming agents for cellular concrete.
[0012]
That is, as cement used for these slurries, mixed cement such as fly ash cement and blast furnace cement can be used in addition to ordinary Portland cement and early strong Portland cement.
[0013]
Moreover, sand, lightweight aggregate, silica sand, etc. can be widely used as aggregates, but in order to make it difficult for material separation to occur, an aggregate having a specific gravity comparable to the specific gravity of cellular concrete excluding the aggregate is used. It is desirable to use it.
[0014]
The fluorine-based surfactant used in the present invention can be used without particular limitation as long as it is a compound containing fluorine element in the molecule, and the polarity can be used in any kind of anion, cation, nonion and amphoteric. it can.
[0015]
The addition amount of the fluorosurfactant is generally in the range of 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 5% by weight, more preferably 1 to 4% by weight, based on the total amount of the foaming agent. To do. If the addition amount of the fluorosurfactant is less than 0.1% by weight, the effect of addition is not sufficient, and even if the addition amount exceeds 10% by weight, the improvement of the effect reaches its peak, which is economically disadvantageous.
[0016]
When producing cellular concrete using the foaming agent of the present invention, either a conventional mixing method or a preform method can be employed.
[0017]
As a mixer for mixing bubbles and slurry by the preform method, a grout mixer of about 250 rpm or more, which is the same as the conventional one, can be used. It can be preferably used.
[0018]
A tube pump, a snake pump, a hydraulic piston pump, or the like can be preferably used for pumping the bubble mixed slurry. A pump with many pulsations is not preferable because it causes bubble separation.
[0019]
In order to improve the retention time of bubbles in the slurry, a bubble stabilizer may be added as necessary. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), alginate, and gums can be used as the foam stabilizer, and the amount added may be determined in consideration of the working method, foamability, and the like. In addition to the above-mentioned bubble stabilizer, metal salts such as iron, magnesium and aluminum, and higher alcohols such as lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol and cetyl alcohol are also effective in improving the bubble retention time.
[0020]
In order to prevent the foaming agent from freezing when used in cold regions, glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, hexylene glycol and glycerin may be added as necessary. Can be determined. The freezing point can also be lowered by the addition of sodium chloride, but since the corrosion of the reinforcing bars is caused, the addition amount needs attention.
[0021]
【Example】
EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
[0022]
The following four types of foaming agents were used in the examples.
A: Commercial foaming agent comprising a hydrolyzed protein surfactant (comparative example)
B: Commercial foaming agent comprising a hydrocarbon surfactant (comparative example)
C: Foaming agent A [97% by weight] + fluorinated surfactant [3% by weight] (Example)
D: Foaming agent B [97% by weight] + fluorinated surfactant [3% by weight] (Example)
As the fluorosurfactant, “Rodyne K78'220B” (trade name, Nonionic series, manufactured by Ciba Geigy Co., Ltd.) was used.
[0023]
The above four types of foaming agents were each diluted with water so as to be 5% by volume, and bubbles with a volume weight of 50 g / L (liter) were prepared from the diluted solution using a foaming nozzle. The bubbles were added to cement milk prepared separately and kneaded at 25 rpm for 1 minute using a 40 L horizontal mixer to obtain four types of foamed cement milk. Table 1 shows the composition of the cement milk and the amount of bubbles added.
[0024]
Figure 0004159632
[0025]
[Fluidity test]
The four types of foamed cement milk obtained above were tested for fluidity based on JHS A 313-1922 “Testing methods for air mortar and air milk”, 1. Consistency testing method, 1.2 Cylinder method. . The test method is as follows.
[0026]
Place a rigid plastic cylinder with an inner diameter of 80 mm and a height of 80 mm on a horizontal hard plastic plate with a side length of 400 mm or more without deformation to prevent the foam cement milk from overflowing from the cylinder. Gently insert to the top. Gently tap the side of the cylinder with your finger so that the surface of the foamed cement milk is flush with the top of the cylinder, and then gently lift the cylinder vertically to spread the foamed cement milk on the plate. One minute after spreading, the diameter in the direction recognized as the maximum and the diameter in the direction perpendicular thereto are measured. If the difference in measured values is 20 mm or more, test again with a new material. The average of the two measured values at this time is obtained and displayed as a flow value (mm). The results are shown in Table 2.
[0027]
The larger the flow value, the more fluid. From Table 2, it can be seen that the foamed cement milk using the foaming agents C and D of the present invention is superior in fluidity to the foamed cement milk using the foaming agents A and B of the comparative examples.
[0028]
Figure 0004159632
[0029]
[Bubble stability test]
The four types of foamed cement milk obtained above were poured into a mold having an inner diameter of 30 cm and a height of 1 m, and the upper end of the mold was scraped off, and the state of sinking of the foamed cement milk one day later was observed. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0030]
As can be seen from Table 3, the foamed cement milk using the foaming agents A and B of the comparative examples both subsided. On the other hand, none of the foamed cement milk using the foaming agents C and D of the present invention caused subsidence. From this, it is understood that the bubbles are stably and satisfactorily dispersed even when the bubbles are mixed with the cement milk by gentle and relatively short mixing such as 1 minute at 25 rpm.
[0031]
Figure 0004159632
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
As can be seen from the above, according to the present invention, excellent fluidity is imparted to the bubble-mixing slurry, and the bubbles can be dispersed well and stably in the slurry even during a relatively short mixing time of the bubbles and the slurry. It is possible to provide a foaming agent for lightweight cellular concrete that does not cause volume reduction later.

Claims (2)

炭化水素系界面活性剤または蛋白系界面活性剤を主成分とする起泡剤にフッ素系界面活性剤を添加したことを特徴とする軽量気泡コンクリート用起泡剤。A foaming agent for lightweight cellular concrete, comprising a fluorosurfactant added to a foaming agent comprising a hydrocarbon surfactant or a protein surfactant as a main component. 前記フッ素系界面活性剤の添加量を、起泡剤全量に対して0.1〜10重量%の範囲とすることを特徴とする請求項1記載の軽量気泡コンクリート用起泡剤。The foaming agent for lightweight cellular concrete according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the fluorosurfactant added is in the range of 0.1 to 10% by weight with respect to the total amount of foaming agent.
JP26334797A 1997-09-29 1997-09-29 Foaming agent for lightweight cellular concrete Expired - Lifetime JP4159632B2 (en)

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JP4159632B2 true JP4159632B2 (en) 2008-10-01

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