JP4147563B1 - Circulating internal pressure engine and power generation system - Google Patents

Abstract

[PROBLEMS] To efficiently extract energy equal to or higher than that of a conventional internal combustion engine without causing a problem caused by fuel resources. When carbon dioxide gas 35a supplied in a high pressure state becomes atmospheric pressure The carbon dioxide engine 1 that drives the actuator by the force of the volume expansion of the gas, the supply system path 34A that supplies the carbon dioxide gas 35a in a high pressure state to the carbon dioxide engine 1, and the atmospheric pressure discharged from the carbon dioxide engine 1 A circulation circuit 34 is configured which includes a recovery system path 34B for recovering the carbon dioxide gas 35b, and circulates the carbon dioxide gas by connecting the supply system path 34A and the recovery system path 34B.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a circulation type internal pressure engine that takes out energy without combustion of fuel and makes the best use of the physical properties of carbon dioxide, and a power generation system using the same.

  An internal combustion engine burns fuel inside the engine and uses its thermal energy. There are various types such as a gasoline engine, a gas engine, an oil engine, etc. depending on the fuel used, and it is widely used all over the world.

  However, there is concern about the exhaustion of petroleum resources, and it causes pollution problems due to exhaust gas emitted as a result of combustion.

  The external combustion engine also causes the above-described problems, that is, pollution problems due to exhaustion of resources and exhaust gas in that the fuel is burned.

  In order to solve these problems, the use of hydrogen as a clean energy has been attracting attention. In addition, the use of nuclear power is a concern in terms of pollution, environmental issues and safety.

  While securing an energy source is important in this way, adverse effects caused by the increase in carbon dioxide, especially the problem of global warming, have been pointed out. Japan's carbon dioxide emissions are said to account for 5% of the world, and an enormous amount of carbon dioxide of about 381 million tons is released into the atmosphere every year. About 30% of this is occupied by energy conversion departments such as power generation. Despite this alarming situation, CO2 emissions are said to increase further due to political constraints such as the Kyoto Protocol due to the global economic revitalization and the development of developing countries. The effective use as well as the prevention of increase cannot be prevented. In particular, the above-mentioned concerns are serious because electric power energy that supports modern life is mainly thermal power generation that burns fossil fuels such as oil that generate a large amount of carbon dioxide.

  The present invention is a completely new and innovative energy system that is proposed under such a background.

Regarding the invention of the present application, prior art documents have been investigated, but no effective patent documents have been found. If it is forcibly cited, it is the next document relating to the applicant's patent application.
Japanese Patent No. 3929477

  The present invention proposes a completely new and innovative circulating internal pressure engine and power generation system that eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks by extracting energy without burning fuel.

  That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a circulating internal pressure engine and a power generation system that can efficiently extract energy equal to or higher than that of a conventional internal combustion engine without causing problems due to fuel resources.

  Another object is to prevent an increase in carbon dioxide gas by an energy generation engine or a power generation engine, and thus contribute to prevention of a warming phenomenon.

To achieve the above object, the circulating internal pressure engine according to the present invention is driven by a force due to volume expansion when the carbon dioxide gas supplied in a high pressure state becomes atmospheric pressure, and the suction expansion stroke is performed during one cycle. A carbon dioxide engine that undergoes an expansion and discharge process and an atmospheric pressure maintaining process, a supply system path that supplies high-pressure carbon dioxide to the carbon dioxide engine, and a recovery that collects atmospheric carbon dioxide discharged from the carbon dioxide engine The recovery system path includes a cooling unit that cools the carbon dioxide gas discharged from the carbon dioxide engine, and carbon dioxide compression that compresses the cooled carbon dioxide pumped from the cooling unit at a high pressure. and a part, constitutes a circulation circuit carbon dioxide by connecting the recovery system path and the supply pathway is circulated, the three-way valve in contact with the collection pathway and the supply pathway of the circulation circuit The initial tank is connected via the three-way switching valve, and a sensor is provided for detecting whether or not the carbon dioxide gas supplied to the supply system pipe and the recovery system pipe has a concentration within a set range. the sensor when the concentration is less than the set range emits an initial switching signal, when it is within the setting range characterized by emitting a circulation switching signal.
The circulating internal pressure engine according to claim 1, further comprising an adjustment tank for storing carbon dioxide gas in an atmospheric pressure state, the adjustment tank having a valve capable of communicating with the exhaust port side of the carbon dioxide engine, By adjusting the valve, the exhaust port side of the carbon dioxide engine communicates with the adjustment tank.
Further, in the power generation system according to the present invention, the actuator is driven by the force due to the volume expansion when the carbon dioxide gas supplied in the high pressure state becomes the atmospheric pressure, and the suction expansion stroke, the expansion / discharge stroke, and the atmospheric pressure during one cycle. A carbon dioxide engine that undergoes a holding stroke, a supply system path that supplies high-pressure carbon dioxide to the carbon dioxide engine, and a recovery system path that collects atmospheric carbon dioxide discharged from the carbon dioxide engine, The recovery system path includes a cooling unit that cools the carbon dioxide gas discharged from the carbon dioxide engine, and a carbon dioxide compression unit that compresses the cooled carbon dioxide pumped from the cooling unit at a high pressure, connect the recovery system path and the supply pathway carbon dioxide constitute a circulation circuit constituting a circulation circuit for circulating, contacts three-way valve of the recovery pathway and the supply pathway of the circulation circuit Providing a sensor for detecting whether the carbon dioxide gas fed to the supply system pipe and the recovery system pipe is at a concentration within a set range, by connecting the initial tank via the three-way switching valve, The sensor generates an initial switching signal when the concentration is not within a set range, and generates a circulation switching signal when the concentration is within the set range, and generates electricity by the carbon dioxide engine.
The power generation system according to claim 3, further comprising an adjustment tank for storing carbon dioxide gas in an atmospheric pressure state, the adjustment tank having a valve that can communicate with the exhaust port side of the carbon dioxide engine, The exhaust port side of the carbon dioxide engine and the adjustment tank are communicated with each other by adjustment.

  The present invention utilizes three excellent physical properties of carbon dioxide, that is, gas inertness, room temperature liquefaction and high volume expansion, so that carbon dioxide supplied to the inner chamber at high pressure is at normal pressure. The actuator is driven by the force due to the volume expansion at the time, and the energy generated thereby is taken out. Therefore, since energy is extracted without fuel combustion, problems caused by fuel resources, that is, resource depletion and pollution problems due to exhaust gas are not caused. Therefore, it is completely clean energy.

  In the extraction of the energy, the carbon dioxide gas discharged by configuring the circulation circuit is recovered and reused, so that the energy efficiency can be greatly increased.

  Further, although carbon dioxide is used, carbon dioxide is not generated, so that an increase in carbon dioxide more than the current amount can be prevented, which can contribute to prevention of global warming.

  Since the energy source is carbon dioxide gas with no fear of resource depletion, and the extracted energy is equal to or higher than that of a gasoline engine as will be described later, there is no problem in terms of energy performance.

  Next, the circulating internal pressure engine according to the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings showing embodiments. For convenience, portions having the same function are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

(First embodiment)
1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the present invention. Reference numeral 1 denotes a carbon dioxide gas engine, which drives the actuator by a force due to volume expansion of the carbon dioxide gas 35a supplied in a high pressure state after vaporization. Specifically, the carbon dioxide engine 1 is a rotary type carbon dioxide engine exemplified in FIGS. 11, 13 and 15, or a reciprocating type carbon dioxide engine exemplified in FIG. In the former case, the actuator is a rotor 105, 155, and in the latter case, the actuator is a piston 7. In the case of the present embodiment, the carbon dioxide engine 1 is at atmospheric pressure by the atmosphere brought into contact with the inner chamber 103 via the bearing portions of the rotor shafts 116, 106, and 102.

  Details of the carbon dioxide engine 1 will be described later. A supply path 34A for supplying carbon dioxide gas 35a serving as a pressure material to the carbon dioxide engine 1 and a recovery path 34B for recovering the carbon dioxide gas 35b are connected to a closed circuit to constitute a circulation circuit 34.

  Specifically, the supply path 34 </ b> A includes an initial tank 31 including a pressure vessel that stores virgin carbon dioxide gas in a liquid state, and the initial tank 31 via a switching valve 51, a three-way switching valve 54, and a flow control valve 55. The heating unit 56 is connected by pipes 33 a, 33 b and 33 c, and the pipe 33 d is connected to the supply ports 13, 107 and 117 of the carbon dioxide engine 1 connected to the heating unit 56.

  Specifically, the recovery path 34B includes a cooling unit 57 that recovers atmospheric carbon dioxide 35b discharged from the discharge ports 11, 109, 119 of the carbon dioxide engine 1 in an ejected state, and an atmospheric exhaust carbon dioxide. A separation unit 68 comprising a filter that separates engine oil components from 35b; a primary carbon dioxide compression unit 69a comprising a compressor and subjected to the separation process by the separation unit 68 to which the discharged carbon dioxide gas 35b is pumped; Carbon dioxide gas 35a 'pressurized and compressed by the next carbon dioxide gas compression unit 69a is fed, and the above-mentioned carbon dioxide gas 35a' cooled is cooled by, for example, the heat of vaporization of exhaust at -30 ° C. 57, a secondary carbon dioxide compressor 69b that further pressurizes and compresses the carbon dioxide gas 35a 'fed from the cooling unit 57, and a secondary carbon dioxide compressor 69b. Consisting circulation tank 73 consisting of a pressure vessel for reserving the delivery has been coming carbon dioxide 35a. The carbon dioxide engine 1 and the cooling part 57 are connected by a pipe 33e, the cooling part 57 and the separation part 68 are connected by a pipe 33g, and the separation part 68 and the primary carbon dioxide compression part 69a are connected by a pipe 33h. The primary carbon dioxide compression section 69a and the cooling section 57 are connected by a pipe 33i, and the cooling section 57 and the secondary carbon dioxide compression section 69b are connected by a pipe 33k, the secondary carbon dioxide compression section 69b and the circulation tank. 73 is connected by a pipe 33m, and the circulation tank 73 and the three-way switching valve 54 are connected by a pipe 33n. The pipes are collectively referred to as “pipe 33”.

The above-described three-way switching valve 54 is provided at the contact point between the supply path 34A and the recovery path 34B, and both paths 34A and 34B are connected to a closed circuit via the carbon dioxide engine 1 and the three-way switching valve 54. The circulation circuit 34 is configured. A sensor 53 for detecting the concentration of carbon dioxide gas 35a is connected to the pipe 33a of the supply path 34A and the pipe 33n of the recovery path 34B. The sensor 53 always detects the concentration of the carbon dioxide gas 35a fed through the pipe 33a and the pipe 33n, and issues an initial switching signal when the concentration is not within the set range, and when it is within the set range. A circulation switching signal is issued.

  When the carbon dioxide gas discharged from the carbon dioxide engine 1 is collected by the cooling unit 57, the carbon dioxide gas is cooled to about −30 ° C. by heat of vaporization or the like. This discharged carbon dioxide expands explosively when it reaches atmospheric pressure. Since the expanded carbon dioxide gas is discharged in an ejected state when exhausted, the discharged carbon dioxide gas 35b is recovered in the cooling unit 57 by this jet output, and the primary carbon dioxide gas is passed through the cooling unit 57. It is pumped to the compression part 69a. The separation unit 68 is provided with a check valve 75, and the separated engine oil is returned to the carbon dioxide engine 1 through the check valve 75.

  The cooling part 57 includes a casing 57a and a return pipe 33j built in the casing 57a so as to overlap with the casing 57a. The pipe 33j is connected to the pipe 33i and the pipe 33k. When the discharged carbon dioxide gas 35b flowing from the outward pipe 33e is exposed to atmospheric pressure, it becomes a low temperature of, for example, −30 ° C. due to heat of vaporization and the like, and the casing 57a is filled with the discharged carbon dioxide gas 35b of −30 ° C. ing. Here, the carbon dioxide gas 35a 'which has not been fully compressed by the primary carbon dioxide compression section 69a flows into the pipe 33j on the return path. Therefore, the carbon dioxide gas 35a 'is cooled by the vaporization heat of the discharged carbon dioxide gas at -30 ° C. By passing through this primary cooling step, it becomes possible to reduce the load energy for the compression of the carbon dioxide gas 35b by the next secondary carbon dioxide compression section 69b.

  This point will be explained in more detail. The structure of the primary carbon dioxide compression part 69a and the secondary carbon dioxide compression part 69b constituting the carbon dioxide compression part is composed of the same compressor, and the inflowing carbon dioxide is pulled in by the blade structure (not shown). (Suction) and discharge of carbon dioxide gas (pressure feed). Therefore, the suction by the front unit 69a and the pressure feeding by the rear unit 69b act as a set, and the synergistic action of the two can easily increase the compression processing capacity of the carbon dioxide gas according to the amount of carbon dioxide. This is a substantial reason for having a plurality of carbon dioxide gas compression units.

The high-pressure carbon dioxide gas 35a becomes normal-pressure carbon dioxide gas 35b and is collected in the cooling section 57 through the pipes 33e from the discharge ports 119, 109, and 11. At this time, it is mixed into the cooling section 57 at this time. In the recent experiment, it is practically no problem for the operation of the engine 1 even if this atmosphere is mixed in the subsequent circulation of the carbon dioxide gas 35a, 35b. found. Carbon dioxide gas has a greater specific gravity than the outside atmosphere, and the carbon dioxide gas 35a moves downward in a high pressure state and is ejected from the discharge ports 119, 109, and 11. For this reason, even if the carbon dioxide gas 35a becomes atmospheric pressure at the pressure imbalance portion P ₀ in the vicinity of the discharge ports 119, 109, 11, the atmospheric air at the same pressure does not flow into the inner chambers 103, 9. Therefore, it is considered that the atmospheric air is not mixed into the carbon dioxide gas 35b that has been recovered to the atmospheric pressure and is not mixed in the subsequent circulation of the carbon dioxide gas. Therefore, since there is no substantial adverse effect due to air contamination, it is not necessary to provide an isolation device for releasing the air in the recovery path 34B.

  Most of the carbon dioxide gas 35a stored in the initial tank 31 is in a liquid state, but a part thereof may be in a gas state in the tank. In this case, the liquid carbon dioxide gas 35a exists in the lower part of the tank, and the gaseous carbon dioxide gas 35a exists in the upper part of the tank.

FIG. 2 shows the operation steps of the circulating internal pressure engine and the power generation system according to the present invention. In the initial start, first, the switching valve 51 is opened, and the virgin carbon dioxide gas 35a is caused to flow from the initial tank 31 to the pipe 33a (S1). The concentration of the virgin carbon dioxide gas 35a flowing through the pipe 33a is detected by the sensor 53 (S2), and an initial switching signal is issued (S3). As a result, the three-way switching valve 54 is actuated to bring the pipe 33a and the pipe 33b to “open” and the pipe 33b and the pipe 33n to “close” (first open) (S4). Next, the flow control valve 55 for engine throttle is opened (S5), and the carbon dioxide gas 35a is heated by the heating unit 56 and the pressure is further increased from the inside of the pipe 33d (S6). (S7).

  When the carbon dioxide engine 1 is driven by the force due to the volume expansion of the carbon dioxide gas 35a, for example, an automobile is driven by the power (A). At the same time, the power is transmitted to the primary carbon dioxide compression section 69a by the belt 58a and contributes to the operation of the primary carbon dioxide compression section 69a. The power is transmitted to the secondary carbon dioxide compression section 69b by the belt 58b and contributes to the operation of the secondary carbon dioxide compression section 69b.

  The carbon dioxide gas 35b discharged from the carbon dioxide engine 1 is explosively expanded and then discharged, and is supplied to the cooling unit 57 by the jet output at the time of discharge (S8). The carbon dioxide gas 35b emitted from the cooling section 57 is separated from the oil by the separation section 68 (S10), and is pumped to the primary carbon dioxide compression section 69a (S9). The carbon dioxide gas 35a ′ compressed by the primary carbon dioxide compression section 69a is fed again to the cooling section 57, where it comes into contact with the low temperature of the discharged carbon dioxide gas 35b in the casing 57a and is cooled by the heat of vaporization thereof. (S11). The cooled carbon dioxide gas 35a 'is sent to the secondary carbon dioxide gas compression unit 69b, where it is pressurized to form carbon dioxide gas 35a (S12). Next, the carbon dioxide gas 35a is sent from the pipe 33m to the circulation tank 73 and stored in the circulation tank 73 (S13).

  After the start-up, the sensor 53 detects the concentration of the carbon dioxide gas 35a flowing through the pipe 33n and the pipe 33a (S2). When the concentration of the carbon dioxide gas 35a is within the set range, a circulation switching signal is issued (S3). The three-way switching valve 54 is actuated by this circulation switching signal, and the pipe 33n and the pipe 33b are "opened" and the pipe 33a and the pipe 33b are "closed", and the "second open" state is established (S4). Thereafter, the series of steps described above is repeated, and the engine operates continuously.

  Carbon dioxide gas is supplied into the closed chamber from the supply ports 13, 107, 117 opened through the pipe 33 in a high pressure state 35a, and is discharged and collected in a normal pressure state. Regarding the carbon dioxide gas 35, carbon dioxide gas in a high pressure state is represented by “35a”, and carbon dioxide gas in a normal pressure state is represented by “35b”.

(Second embodiment)
FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. The difference from the first embodiment is that the means for normalizing the carbon dioxide gas is different as described below, and that the pump 61 incorporated in the recovery path 34B is used as the carbon dioxide gas circulating and feeding means.

  Specifically, the recovery path 34B includes a recovery tank 67 that recovers atmospheric carbon dioxide gas 35b discharged from the discharge ports 11, 109, and 119 of the carbon dioxide engine 1, and engine oil from the atmospheric discharge carbon dioxide gas 35b. A separation device 68 composed of a filter for separating components, a pump 61 for pumping the discharged carbon dioxide gas 35b having undergone the separation process by the separation device 68 to a tank 69, and the discharged carbon dioxide gas supplied from the tank 69. A cooling device 57 that cools 35b with, for example, the heat of vaporization of exhaust gas at −30 ° C., and carbon dioxide that pressurizes and compresses the discharged carbon dioxide gas 35b supplied from the cooling device 57 to a high pressure (for example, 40 atmospheres). A gas compressor 59 and a check valve for isolating only the carbon dioxide gas 35a by discharging air components from the carbon dioxide gas 35b fed from the carbon dioxide compressor 59 7 and a circulation tank 73 comprising a pressure vessel for storing the carbon dioxide gas 35a fed from the isolation device 71, and the carbon dioxide engine 1 and the recovery tank. 67 is a pipe 33f, the recovery tank 67 and the separation device 68 are a pipe 33g, the separation device 68 and the pump 61 are a pipe 33h, and the pump 61 and the tank 69 are a pipe 33i. 69 and the cooling device 57 are separated by the pipe 33j, the cooling device 57 and the carbon dioxide compressor 59 are separated by the pipe 33l, and the carbon dioxide compressor 59 and the isolating device 71 are separated by the pipe 33m. Device 71 The circulation tank 73 is connected to the pipe 33p, and the circulation tank 73 and the three-way switching valve 54 are connected to the The flop 33q, are each connected.

  The atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide gas 35 b discharged from the carbon dioxide engine 1 is recovered in the recovery tank 67 by the suction and discharge power generated by the pump 61. A check valve 63 and an atmospheric drying device 65 are connected to the recovery tank 67 by pipes 33r and 33s. The cooling device 57 is built in such a manner that the pipe 33d and the pipe 33k are wound around each other, and the inside of the pipe 33k is generated by the heat of vaporization of carbon dioxide gas exposed to the atmospheric pressure flowing through the pipe 33d. The carbon dioxide gas 35b flowing through is cooled. Since the remaining configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.

FIG. 4 shows the operation steps of the circulating internal pressure engine according to the present invention. In the initial start, first, the switching valve 51 is opened, and the virgin carbon dioxide gas 35a is caused to flow from the initial tank 31 to the pipe 33a (S1). The concentration of the virgin carbon dioxide gas 35a flowing through the pipe 33a is detected by the sensor 53 (S2), and an initial switching signal is issued (S3). As a result, the three-way switching valve 54 is actuated, and the pipe 33a and the pipe 33b are "opened", and the pipe 33b and the pipe 33q are "closed", thereby bringing them into the "first open" state (S4). Next, the flow control valve 55 for engine throttle is opened (S5), and the carbon dioxide gas 35a passes through the pipe 33d of the cooling device 57 from the pipe 33c (S6) and is supplied into the carbon dioxide engine 1 from the pipe 33e. (S7).

  When the carbon dioxide engine 1 is driven by the force generated by the volume expansion of the carbon dioxide gas 35a, for example, an automobile is driven by the power (not shown). At the same time, the power is transmitted to the carbon dioxide compressor 59 by the belt 58a, and the carbon dioxide compressor 59 is operated (S8). The power is transmitted to the compressor 49 by the belt 58b, and the compressor 49 is operated (S9). Further, the power is transmitted to the pump 61 by the belt 58c, and the pump 61 is operated (S10).

  The pump 61 sucks the atmospheric carbon dioxide gas 35b discharged from the carbon dioxide engine 1 and collects it in the recovery tank 67 (S13). At the time of this recovery, moisture is removed by the atmospheric drying device 65 (S11, S12). Next, after separating the oil from the carbon dioxide gas 35b (S14), the discharged carbon dioxide gas 35b is pumped to the tank 69 (S15). The discharged carbon dioxide gas 35b fed to the tank 69 is sent from the pipe 33j to the pipe 33k of the cooling device 57, where it is cooled by the vaporization heat of the carbon dioxide gas exposed to the atmospheric pressure flowing through the pipe 33d. (S16). The cooled carbon dioxide gas 35b is sent to the carbon dioxide gas compressor 59, where it is made carbon dioxide gas pressurized to 40 atm by the driving force described in step 8 (S8). Next, the carbon dioxide gas is sent to the isolation device 71 (S17), where air components other than the carbon dioxide gas are released (S18). The carbon dioxide gas 35a thus purified is sent to the circulation tank 73 and stored in the circulation tank 73 (S19).

  After the start-up, the sensor 53 detects the concentration of the carbon dioxide gas 35a flowing through the pipe 33q and the pipe 33a (S2). When the concentration of the carbon dioxide gas 35a is within the set range, a circulation switching signal is issued (S3). The three-way switching valve 54 is actuated by this circulation switching signal, so that the pipe 33q and the pipe 33b are "opened" and the pipe 33a and the pipe 33b are "closed", and a "second open" state is set (S4). Thereafter, the series of steps described above is repeated, and the engine operates continuously.

  The compressor 49 driven in step 9 circulates and supplies hot air 40a and 40b to the carbon dioxide engine 1 from the hot air supply pipe 45 and the hot air discharge pipe 47 when the carbon dioxide engine 1 has a heating section described later ( S20), the volume expansion of the high-pressure carbon dioxide gas 35a supplied to the carbon dioxide engine 1 is efficiently performed.

(Third embodiment)
FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of the present invention. The difference from the first embodiment is that a pressure adjusting device is used as a normal pressure means for carbon dioxide gas as described below.

  The adjustment tank 72 is provided with a pressure adjustment valve 70a for making the pressure in the inner chamber on the exhaust port 11, 109, 119 side of the carbon dioxide engine 1 normal, and on the air supply ports 13, 107, 117 side of the carbon dioxide engine 1. A pressure regulating valve 70b for increasing the pressure is provided. The pressure adjustment valve 70a adjusts the pressure of the carbon dioxide gas in the adjustment tank 72 to a set pressure (for example, 1 atm) by automatic control by a computer (not shown). Further, the pressure adjusting valve 70b adjusts the pressure of the carbon dioxide gas to a set pressure (for example, 40 atmospheres).

  Carbon dioxide gas in the adjustment tank 72 that has been pressure-adjusted by the pressure adjustment valve 70a flows into the cooling unit 57 at a set pressure (for example, 1 atm), and the inside of the cooling unit 57 is at normal pressure. Therefore, the carbon dioxide discharged into the inner chamber of the carbon dioxide engine 1 communicating with the cooling unit 57 expands explosively when it reaches normal pressure. This expanded carbon dioxide gas is discharged in an ejected state when exhausted. Therefore, the discharged carbon dioxide gas 35b is collected in the cooling unit 57 by this jet power, and is pumped to the primary carbon dioxide gas liquefying unit 69a via the cooling unit 57. Since the remaining configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.

FIG. 6 shows the operation steps of the circulating internal pressure engine and the power generation system according to the present invention. In the initial start, first, the switching valve 51 is opened, and the virgin carbon dioxide gas 35a is caused to flow from the initial tank 31 to the pipe 33a (S1). The concentration of the virgin carbon dioxide gas 35a flowing through the pipe 33a is detected by the sensor 53 (S2), and an initial switching signal is issued (S3). As a result, the three-way switching valve 54 is actuated to bring the pipe 33a and the pipe 33b to “open” and the pipe 33b and the pipe 33n to “close” (first open) (S4). Next, the flow control valve 55 for engine throttle is opened (S5), and the carbon dioxide gas 35a is heated by the heating unit 56 and the pressure is further increased from the inside of the pipe 33d (S6). (S7).

  When the carbon dioxide engine 1 is driven by the force due to the volume expansion of the carbon dioxide gas 35a, for example, an automobile is driven by the power (A). At the same time, the power is transmitted to the primary carbon dioxide compression section 69a by the belt 58a and contributes to the operation of the primary carbon dioxide compression section 69a. The power is transmitted to the secondary carbon dioxide compression section 69b by the belt 58b and contributes to the operation of the secondary carbon dioxide compression section 69b.

  The carbon dioxide gas 35b discharged from the carbon dioxide engine 1 is large because the pressure regulating carbon dioxide G (shown in FIG. 1) derived from the regulating tank 72 flows into the inner chamber from the exhaust port via the cooling unit 57 (S8 to S10). Since it becomes atmospheric pressure, it expands explosively and is discharged. The carbon dioxide gas 35b is fed to the cooling unit 57 by the jetting power at the time of discharge (S10). The carbon dioxide gas 35b emitted from the cooling section 57 is separated from the oil (S11), and is pumped to the primary carbon dioxide compression section 69a (S12). The carbon dioxide gas 35a 'compressed by the primary carbon dioxide gas compression unit 69a is supplied again to the cooling unit 57, where it comes into contact with the low temperature of the discharged carbon dioxide gas 35b in the casing 57a and is cooled by the heat of vaporization thereof. (S13). The cooled carbon dioxide 35a 'is sent to the secondary carbon dioxide compressor 69b, where it is pressurized to carbon dioxide 35a (S14). The carbon dioxide gas 35a has a high purity, is sent to the circulation tank 73 through the pipe 33m, and is stored in the circulation tank 73 (S15). In order to cope with unexpected air leakage, a carbon dioxide gas isolation tank (not shown) can be provided between the secondary carbon dioxide gas compression unit 69 b and the circulation tank 73. In this case, a check valve is provided in the carbon dioxide isolation tank, liquefied carbon dioxide gas having a higher specific gravity due to the difference in specific gravity is divided into the lower part of the tank, and air having a lower specific gravity is divided into the upper part of the tank, and the check valve is opened. To release the atmosphere.

  After the start-up, the sensor 53 detects the concentration of the carbon dioxide gas 35a flowing through the pipe 33n and the pipe 33a (S2). When the concentration of the carbon dioxide gas 35a is within the set range, a circulation switching signal is issued (S3). The three-way switching valve 54 is actuated by this circulation switching signal, and the pipe 33n and the pipe 33b are "opened" and the pipe 33a and the pipe 33b are "closed", and the "second open" state is established (S4). Thereafter, the series of steps described above is repeated, and the engine operates continuously.

(Fourth embodiment)
FIG. 7 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention. The difference from the first embodiment is that the means for normalizing the carbon dioxide gas is different as described below, and that the pump 61 incorporated in the recovery path 34B is used as the carbon dioxide gas circulating and feeding means.

  Specifically, the recovery path 34B includes a recovery tank 67 that recovers atmospheric carbon dioxide gas 35b discharged from the discharge ports 11, 109, and 119 of the carbon dioxide engine 1, and engine oil from the atmospheric discharge carbon dioxide gas 35b. A separation device 68 composed of a filter for separating components, a pump 61 for pumping the discharged carbon dioxide gas 35b having undergone the separation process by the separation device 68 to a tank 69, and the discharged carbon dioxide gas supplied from the tank 69. A cooling device 57 that cools 35b with, for example, the heat of vaporization of exhaust gas at −30 ° C., and carbon dioxide that pressurizes and compresses the discharged carbon dioxide gas 35b supplied from the cooling device 57 to a high pressure (for example, 40 atmospheres). A gas compressor 59 and a circulation tank 73 comprising a pressure vessel for storing carbon dioxide gas 35a fed from the carbon dioxide compressor 59, and The carbon dioxide engine 1 and the recovery tank 67 are connected by a pipe 33f, the recovery tank 67 and the separation device 68 are connected by a pipe 33g, the separation device 68 and the pump 61 are connected by a pipe 33h, and the pump 61 and the tank 69 are connected. Is the pipe 33i, the tank 69 and the cooling device 57 are the pipe 33j, the cooling device 57 and the carbon dioxide compressor 59 are the pipe 33l, and the carbon dioxide compressor 59 and the circulation tank 73 are The circulation tank 73 and the three-way switching valve 54 are connected to each other by a pipe 33q through a pipe 33m.

  The atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide gas 35 b discharged from the carbon dioxide engine 1 is recovered in the recovery tank 67 by the suction and discharge power generated by the pump 61. A check valve 63 and an atmospheric drying device 65 are connected to the recovery tank 67 by pipes 33r and 33s. The cooling device 57 is built in such a manner that the pipe 33d and the pipe 33k are wound around each other, and the inside of the pipe 33k is generated by the heat of vaporization of carbon dioxide gas exposed to the atmospheric pressure flowing through the pipe 33d. The carbon dioxide gas 35b flowing through is cooled. Since the remaining configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.

FIG. 8 shows the operation steps of the circulating internal pressure engine according to the present invention. In the initial start, first, the switching valve 51 is opened, and the virgin carbon dioxide gas 35a is caused to flow from the initial tank 31 to the pipe 33a (S1). The concentration of the virgin carbon dioxide gas 35a flowing through the pipe 33a is detected by the sensor 53 (S2), and an initial switching signal is issued (S3). As a result, the three-way switching valve 54 is actuated, and the pipe 33a and the pipe 33b are "opened", and the pipe 33b and the pipe 33q are "closed", thereby bringing them into the "first open" state (S4). Next, the flow control valve 55 for engine throttle is opened (S5), and the carbon dioxide gas 35a passes through the pipe 33d of the cooling device 57 from the pipe 33c (S6) and is supplied into the carbon dioxide engine 1 from the pipe 33e. (S7).

  When the carbon dioxide engine 1 is driven by the force generated by the volume expansion of the carbon dioxide gas 35a, for example, an automobile is driven by the power (not shown). At the same time, the power is transmitted to the carbon dioxide compressor 59 by the belt 58a, and the carbon dioxide compressor 59 is operated (S8). The power is transmitted to the compressor 49 by the belt 58b, and the compressor 49 is operated (S9). Further, the power is transmitted to the pump 61 by the belt 58c, and the pump 61 is operated (S10).

  The pump 61 sucks the atmospheric carbon dioxide gas 35b discharged from the carbon dioxide engine 1 and collects it in the recovery tank 67 (S13). At the time of this recovery, moisture is removed by the atmospheric drying device 65 (S11, S12). Next, after separating the oil from the carbon dioxide gas 35b (S14), the discharged carbon dioxide gas 35b is pumped to the tank 69 (S15). The discharged carbon dioxide gas 35b fed to the tank 69 is sent from the pipe 33j to the pipe 33k of the cooling device 57, where it is cooled by the vaporization heat of the carbon dioxide gas exposed to the atmospheric pressure flowing through the pipe 33d. (S16). The cooled carbon dioxide gas 35b is sent to the carbon dioxide gas compressor 59, where it is made carbon dioxide gas pressurized to 40 atm by the driving force described in step 8 (S8). Next, this high purity carbon dioxide gas is sent to the circulation tank 73 through the pipe 33m and stored in the circulation tank 73 (S17).

  After the start-up, the sensor 53 detects the concentration of the carbon dioxide gas 35a flowing through the pipe 33q and the pipe 33a (S2). When the concentration of the carbon dioxide gas 35a is within the set range, a circulation switching signal is issued (S3). The three-way switching valve 54 is actuated by this circulation switching signal, so that the pipe 33q and the pipe 33b are "opened" and the pipe 33a and the pipe 33b are "closed", and a "second open" state is set (S4). Thereafter, the series of steps described above is repeated, and the engine operates continuously.

  The compressor 49 driven in step 9 circulates and supplies hot air 40a and 40b to the carbon dioxide engine 1 from the hot air supply pipe 45 and the hot air discharge pipe 47 when the carbon dioxide engine 1 has a heating section described later ( S18) The volume expansion of the high-pressure carbon dioxide gas 35a supplied to the carbon dioxide engine 1 is efficiently performed.

(Example of combination of the above embodiments)
FIG. 9 shows an example of an appropriate combination of the first embodiment and the fourth embodiment. The difference from the first embodiment is that, as will be described below, a pump 61 and a pressure adjusting device are installed as means for normalizing carbon dioxide gas.

  Specifically, the recovery path 34B includes a recovery tank 67 that recovers atmospheric carbon dioxide gas 35b discharged from the exhaust ports 11, 109, and 119 of the carbon dioxide engine 1, and engine oil from the atmospheric discharge carbon dioxide gas 35b. For example, a separation device 68 composed of a filter for separating components, a pump 61 that pumps the discharged carbon dioxide gas 35b that has undergone the separation process by the separation device 68, and the discharged carbon dioxide gas 35b that is supplied by the pump 61 are − A cooling device 57 that cools with the heat of vaporization of exhaust gas at 30 ° C. and the discharged carbon dioxide gas 35b fed from the cooling device 57 is pressurized and compressed to a high pressure (for example, 40 atm) to generate carbon dioxide gas 35a. A carbon dioxide gas compressor 59 to be manufactured, and a circulation tank 73 comprising a pressure vessel for storing carbon dioxide gas 35a fed from the carbon dioxide gas compressor 59; Serial recovery tank 67 and the circulation tank 73 to the respective pressure control valve 70a, consisting of adjusting tank 72 for reserving the carbon dioxide gas is connected via 70b. The carbon dioxide engine 1 and the recovery tank 67 are connected by a pipe 33f, the recovery tank 67 and the separation device 68 are connected by a pipe 33g, the separation device 68 and the pump 61 are connected by a pipe 33h, and the pump 61 and the cooling device 67 are cooled. The apparatus 57 is connected to the pipe 33j, the cooling device 57 and the carbon dioxide compressor 59 are connected to the pipe 33l, the carbon dioxide compressor 59 and the circulation tank 73 are connected to the pipe 33m, and the circulation tank 73 and the three-way are connected. The switching valve 54 is connected to each other by a pipe 33q.

  The adjustment tank 72 is provided with a pressure adjustment valve 70a for making the pressure in the inner chambers on the exhaust ports 11, 109, 119 side of the carbon dioxide engine 1 normal, and on the air supply ports 13, 107, 117 side of the carbon dioxide engine 1 A pressure regulating valve 70b is provided to increase the pressure of. The pressure adjustment valve 70a adjusts the pressure of the carbon dioxide gas in the adjustment tank 72 to a set pressure (for example, 1 atm) by automatic control by a computer (not shown). Further, the pressure adjusting valve 70b adjusts the pressure of the carbon dioxide gas to a set pressure (for example, 40 atmospheres).

  The cooling device 57 is built in such a state that the pipe 33d and the pipe 33k are wound around each other, and flows in the pipe 33k by heat of vaporization of carbon dioxide gas exposed to atmospheric pressure flowing through the pipe 33d. The carbon dioxide gas 35b is cooled. Since the remaining configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.

FIG. 10 shows the operation steps of the circulating internal pressure engine according to the present invention. In the initial start, first, the switching valve 51 is opened, and the virgin carbon dioxide gas 35a is caused to flow from the initial tank 31 to the pipe 33a (S1). The concentration of the virgin carbon dioxide gas 35a flowing through the pipe 33a is detected by the sensor 53 (S2), and an initial switching signal is issued (S3). As a result, the three-way switching valve 54 is actuated, and the pipe 33a and the pipe 33b are "opened", and the pipe 33b and the pipe 33q are "closed", thereby bringing them into the "first open" state (S4). Next, the flow control valve 55 for engine throttle is opened (S5), and the carbon dioxide gas 35a passes through the pipe 33d of the cooling device 57 from the pipe 33c (S6) and is supplied into the carbon dioxide engine 1 from the pipe 33e. (S7).

  When the carbon dioxide engine 1 is driven by the force generated by the volume expansion of the carbon dioxide gas 35a, for example, an automobile is driven by the power (not shown). At the same time, the power is transmitted to the carbon dioxide producing machine 59 by the belt 58a, and the carbon dioxide producing machine 59 is operated (S8). The power is transmitted to the compressor 49 by the belt 58b, and the compressor 49 is operated (S9). Further, the power is transmitted to the pump 61 by the belt 58c, and the pump 61 is operated (S10).

  The pump 61 sucks the carbon dioxide gas 35b that has become atmospheric pressure discharged from the carbon dioxide gas engine 1, that is, adjusted to the normal pressure by the pressure regulating valve 70a, and collects it in the collection tank 67 (S11 to S11). S13). Next, after separating the oil from the carbon dioxide gas 35b (S14), the discharged carbon dioxide gas 35b is pumped to the cooling device 57 (S15). The carbon dioxide gas 35b is cooled by the heat of vaporization of the carbon dioxide gas exposed to the atmospheric pressure flowing through the pipe 33d (S16). The cooled carbon dioxide gas 35b is sent to the carbon dioxide gas producing machine 59, where it is pressurized to 40 atm by the driving force described in step 8, for example, to become carbon dioxide gas 35a (S8). The carbon dioxide gas 35a has a high purity and is sent from the pipe 33m to the circulation tank 73 and stored in the circulation tank 73 (S17).

  After the start-up, the sensor 53 detects the concentration of the carbon dioxide gas 35a flowing through the pipe 33q and the pipe 33a (S2). When the concentration of the carbon dioxide gas 35a is within the set range, a circulation switching signal is issued (S3). The three-way switching valve 54 is actuated by this circulation switching signal, so that the pipe 33q and the pipe 33b are "opened" and the pipe 33a and the pipe 33b are "closed", and a "second open" state is set (S4). Thereafter, the series of steps described above is repeated, and the engine operates continuously.

  The compressor 49 driven in step 9 circulates and supplies hot air 40a, 40b to the carbon dioxide gas engine 1 from the hot air supply pipe 45 and hot air discharge pipe 47 (S18), and is supplied to the carbon dioxide gas engine 1 in a high pressure state. The volume expansion of the carbon dioxide gas 35a is efficiently performed.

  Next, the carbon dioxide engine 1 used in the present invention will be described. FIG. 11 shows a case where the carbon dioxide engine 1 is a rotary carbon dioxide engine. The carbon dioxide engine 1 includes a housing 101 made of a sealed cylinder made of aluminum alloy, and an aluminum alloy rotor 155 that is rotatably provided in an inner chamber 103 of the housing 101. The housing 101 is provided with an inner chamber 103 which is formed in a hermetically sealed cylinder and has a circular cross section. A supply port 117 communicating with the inner chamber 103 is provided in the upper peripheral wall of the housing 101, and a discharge port 119 is opened in the opposite peripheral wall. The installation position of the discharge port 119 is set immediately before the pressure equilibrium point at which the high-pressure carbon dioxide gas 35a becomes the normal-pressure carbon dioxide gas 35b. In the case of the present embodiment, the discharge port 119 is provided so as to be located slightly on the secondary working chamber 122 side from the diameter line f passing through the supply port 117, and the angle α is about 15 ° with respect to the diameter line f. is there. The discharge port 119 is formed larger than the supply port 117.

  The rotor 155 is made of a substantially elliptical plate as shown in FIG. 12 and is rotatably provided at the center of the inner chamber 103 of the housing 101. The housing 101 and the rotor 155 are usually fixed in two with a plurality of phases shifted from the rotor shaft 116. The contour of the rotor 155 is provided with a pressure seal 155a for maintaining pressure, as shown in FIG. The pressure seal 155a also serves as an oil seal. A valve chamber 124 that covers the supply port 117 is provided on the upper peripheral wall of the housing 101, and a supply valve 125 that is movable up and down is provided in the valve chamber 124. A spring 129 that is biased in the direction of closing the valve chamber 124 is wound around the valve shaft 127 of the supply valve 125. Reference numeral 131 denotes a cam linked to the rotor 155, and the cam 131 opens and closes the supply valve 125. Reference numeral 130 denotes a spring cover.

  The inner chamber 103 is supplied with high-pressure carbon dioxide gas 35a, and the rotor 155 rotates about the rotor shaft 116 in one direction by a force due to volume expansion when the carbon dioxide gas 35a reaches atmospheric pressure. To do. The inner chamber 103 is partitioned and formed into a primary working chamber 121 and a secondary working chamber 122 as the rotor 155 rotates. Each of the working chambers 121 and 122 is responsible for any of the suction / expansion stroke, the expansion / discharge stroke, and the atmospheric pressure maintaining stroke in relation to the working surfaces a and b of the rotor 155.

  The suction expansion stroke is a stroke in which carbon dioxide gas 35a is supplied into the primary working chamber 121 and presses one of the working surfaces a or b of the rotor 155. At this time, the supply port 117 is "open" and the discharge port 119 is “Closed” (FIG. 11A). The expansion and discharge stroke is a stroke in which the carbon dioxide gas 35b that is in the atmospheric pressure state due to the rotation of the rotor 155 is discharged to the outside from the discharge port 119. At this time, the supply port 117 is “closed” and the discharge port 119 is “open”. (FIG. 11B). In the atmospheric pressure maintaining process, the carbon dioxide gas 35b in which the supply port 117 is “closed” and the discharge port 119 is “open” and the inside chamber 103 is at the atmospheric pressure in both the working chambers 121 and 122 is maintained in the atmospheric pressure state. This is a stroke, and this imparts smoothness to the rotation of the rotor 155 (FIG. 11C).

  The rotary type carbon dioxide engine shown in FIG. 13 is a three-sided rotor as shown in FIG. In FIG. 13, the carbon dioxide engine 1 includes a housing 101 made of a sealed cylinder made of aluminum alloy and a rotor 105 made of aluminum alloy rotatably provided in an inner chamber 103 of the housing 101. The housing 101 is provided with an inner chamber 103 which is formed in a hermetically sealed cylinder and has a circular cross section. Further, the housing 101 is provided with a supply port 107 on the peripheral wall, and an exhaust port 109 is opened on the opposite peripheral wall. It is desirable to provide the discharge port 109 so as to be positioned below the supply port 107. Here, “opposite” includes installation of the supply port 107 and the discharge port 109 having such a positional relationship. The discharge port 109 is formed larger than the supply port 107.

  The rotor 105 is formed of a rounded equilateral triangular plate, and is rotatably provided at the center of the inner chamber 103 of the housing 101. Two of the housing 101 and the rotor 105 are usually fixed to the rotor shaft 106 with a plurality of phases shifted. As shown in FIG. 14, a pressure seal 105 a for maintaining pressure is provided on the contour of the rotor 105. The pressure seal 105a also serves as an oil seal.

  The inner chamber 103 is supplied with high-pressure carbon dioxide gas 35a, and the rotor 105 rotates in one direction indicated by an arrow about the rotor shaft 106 by a force due to volume expansion when the carbon dioxide gas 35a reaches atmospheric pressure. To do. The inner chamber 103 is partitioned and formed into a primary working chamber 111, a secondary working chamber 112, and a tertiary working chamber 113 as the rotor 105 rotates. Each of the working chambers 111, 112, 113 is responsible for any of the suction expansion stroke, the expansion / discharge stroke, or the atmospheric pressure holding stroke in relation to the working surfaces a, b, c of the rotor 105.

  During the suction and expansion stroke, carbon dioxide gas 35a is supplied into the primary working chamber 111. At this time, the carbon dioxide gas 35a is in a "sub-expansion" state, and any one of the working surfaces of the rotor 105 (" a side ") is pressed. In the expansion and discharge stroke, the carbon dioxide gas 35b that has been brought into the atmospheric pressure state due to the rotation of the rotor 105 is discharged from the discharge port 109 to the outside. The carbon dioxide gas 35a at this time is in a “chain expansion” state (FIG. 13B). The atmospheric pressure holding process is a process of holding the carbon dioxide gas 35b that has become the atmospheric pressure because the supply port 107 and the discharge port 109 are blocked by the other operation surface of the rotor 105. Gives smoothness. At this time, the inner chamber 103 (the tertiary working chamber 113 in FIG. 13C) is at atmospheric pressure (1 atm) (FIG. 13C).

  15 and 16 show the case where the rotary carbon dioxide engine is a five-sided rotor, and in this case, the expansion energy of carbon dioxide is taken out twice. 15 and 16, the carbon dioxide engine 1 includes a housing 101 made of a sealed cylinder made of aluminum alloy and a rotor 105 made of aluminum alloy that is rotatably provided in an inner chamber 103 of the housing 101. The housing 101 is provided with an inner chamber 103 which is formed in a hermetically sealed cylinder and has a circular cross section. A first supply port 107a, a first discharge port 109a, a second supply port 107b, and a second discharge port 109b are sequentially provided in a portion obtained by dividing the peripheral wall of the housing 101 into four equal parts (for convenience, the supply port “107”, This is indicated as “109”. As a result, the first discharge port 109a and the second discharge port 109b have a pressure equilibrium point at which the high-pressure carbon dioxide gas 35a supplied from the first supply port 107a and the second supply port 107b becomes the normal-pressure carbon dioxide gas 35b. It arrange | positions so that it may become immediately before. The first discharge port 109a and the second discharge port 109b are formed larger than the first supply port 107a and the second supply port 107b.

  The rotor 105 divides the circumferential surface into five equal parts along the rotation direction indicated by the arrows to form the operation surfaces a, b, c, d, and e. Each of the operating surfaces a, b, c, d, and e is formed in a concave arc shape, and is substantially symmetrical with the arc of the inner peripheral surface of the corresponding housing 101. Each apex portion of the rotor 105 is formed in a curved shape, and a pressure seal 105a for maintaining pressure is provided. The pressure seal 105a also serves as an oil seal.

  In the case of this embodiment, two housings 101 and two rotors 105 having the above-described configuration are connected. In FIGS. 15 and 16, the housing and the rotor are shown as “housing 101A”, “housing 101B”, “rotor 105A”, and “rotor 105B”. For convenience, they are referred to as “housing 101” and “rotor 105”. Reference numeral 102 denotes a rotor shaft to which the two rotors 105 are fixed, and the two rotors 105 are rotatably attached to the central portions of the two housings 101 by the rotor shafts 102. At this time, the rotors 105 are provided so that the phases of the operation surfaces do not overlap to ensure smooth output. Reference numeral 110 denotes a flywheel provided at one end of the rotor shaft 102.

  Each inner chamber 103 of each housing 101 is supplied with a high-pressure carbon dioxide gas 35a, and each rotor 105 is centered on the rotor shaft 102 by a force due to volume expansion when the carbon dioxide gas 35a reaches atmospheric pressure. Rotate in one direction shown. The inner chamber 103 is partitioned and formed into a first chamber 111, a second chamber 112, a third chamber 113, a fourth chamber 114, and a fifth chamber 115 as the rotor 105 rotates. The chambers 111, 112, 113, 114, and 115 are responsible for any of the suction / expansion stroke, the expansion / discharge stroke, and the atmospheric pressure maintaining stroke in relation to the operation surfaces a, b, c, d, and e of the rotor 105. . The first chamber 111 does not allow the first discharge port 109a to be “open” when a certain operation surface (a surface in the case of FIGS. 20A and 20B) comes to a position where the first supply port 107a is “open”. At this time, the respective chambers adjacent to the first chamber 111 are sequentially designated as a second chamber 112, a third chamber 113, a fourth chamber 114, and a fifth chamber 115 in the rotation direction.

  The suction expansion stroke is a stroke in which carbon dioxide gas 35a is supplied into the first chamber 111 and presses one of the operating surfaces a to e of the rotor 105. At this time, the supply ports 107a and 107b are “open” and the discharge port 109a. 109b are “closed” (A1 to A2 in FIG. 20A, B1 to B2 in FIG. 20B). The expansion and discharge stroke is a stroke in which the carbon dioxide gas 35b that has been brought into the atmospheric pressure state due to the rotation of the rotor 105 is discharged to the outside from the discharge ports 109a and 109b. At this time, the supply ports 107a and 107b are “closed”. 109b are “open” (A3 to A4 in FIG. 20A, B3 to B4 in FIG. 20B). In the atmospheric pressure maintaining process, the supply ports 107a and 107b are “closed”, the discharge ports 109a and 109b are “open”, and the working chambers 111 and 112 in the case of A5 in FIG. 20A and the working chamber 113 in the case of B5 in FIG. , 114 is a process of maintaining the carbon dioxide gas 35b at atmospheric pressure in an atmospheric pressure state, thereby providing smoothness to the rotation of the rotor 105 (A5 in FIG. 20A, B5 in FIG. 20B).

  22A to 22C show the case of a seven-sided rotor in which the working surfaces a, b, c, d, e, f, and g of the rotor 105 are seven. The rotary carbon dioxide engine with a seven-sided rotor takes out the expansion energy of carbon dioxide three times. In the housing 101, a first supply port 107a, a first discharge port 109a, a second supply port 107b, a second discharge port 109b, a third supply port 107c, and a third discharge port 109c are sequentially formed in a portion where the peripheral wall is divided into six equal parts. Provide. (When generically referred to, they are indicated as a supply port “107” and a discharge port “109” for convenience). As a result, the first discharge port 109a, the second discharge port 109b, and the third discharge port 109c are at the normal pressure of the high-pressure carbon dioxide gas 35a that is supplied from the first supply port 107a, the second supply port 107b, and the third supply port 107c. It arrange | positions so that it may be just before the equilibrium point of the pressure used as the carbon dioxide gas 35b. The first discharge port 109a, the second discharge port 109b, and the third discharge port 109c are formed larger than the first supply port 107a, the second supply port 107b, and the third supply port 107c.

  The rotor 105 divides the peripheral surface into seven equal parts along the rotation direction indicated by the arrow to form the operation surfaces a, b, c, d, e, f, and g. Each of the operation surfaces a, b, c, d, e, f, and g is formed in a concave arc shape, and is formed substantially in line symmetry with the arc of the inner peripheral surface of the corresponding housing 101. Similar to the five-sided rotor, each apex of the seven-sided rotor 105 is formed in a curved shape and is provided with a pressure seal for maintaining pressure. The pressure seal 105a also serves as an oil seal (not shown).

  FIG. 17 shows a reciprocating type carbon dioxide engine as the carbon dioxide engine 1. The cylinder 2 constituting the carbon dioxide gas engine 1 includes a cylinder head 3 made of aluminum alloy and a cylinder body 5 made of aluminum alloy, and the cylinder head 3 is fixed to the cylinder body 5 so as to be disassembled. An aluminum alloy piston 7 is slidably contacted in the cylinder body 5 so as to be able to reciprocate. An inner chamber 9 having a sealed structure is formed in the upper portion of the cylinder body 5 by the cylinder head 3 and the piston 7. A discharge port 11 that opens at the bottom dead center D of the piston 7 is provided on the side wall of the cylinder body 5. A supply port 13 is opened in the cylinder head 3, and a supply valve 15 that can move up and down is provided in the supply port 13. A spring 19 that is biased in a direction to close the supply port 13 is wound around the valve shaft 17 of the supply valve 15. A cam 21 interlocks with the piston 7, and the cam 21 opens and closes the supply valve 15. A connecting rod 23 connects the piston 7 and the crankshaft 25. A flywheel 27 is attached to one end of the crankshaft 25. Reference numeral 26 denotes a balance weight of the crankshaft 25. Reference numeral 20 denotes a spring cover. A pressure ring 29a is attached to the upper portion of the piston 7 so as to seal the inner chamber 9. 29b is an oil ring.

  Next, based on FIG. 18, the operation principle of the two-sided rotary carbon dioxide engine will be described. FIG. 18 is a diagram schematically showing the position when the rotor 155 rotates in the inner chamber 103 and the state of expansion of the carbon dioxide gas. 18 (A1) (FIG. 11 (A)) and FIG. 18 (A2) show the suction and expansion strokes, and the carbon dioxide gas at this time is in a “sub-expansion” state. 18 (B1) and 18 (B2) (FIG. 11 (B)) show the expansion / discharge process, and the carbon dioxide gas at this time is in a “chain expansion” state. FIG. 18C shows the atmospheric pressure holding process, which is the state immediately before FIG. 11C, and the inner chamber 103 at this time is at atmospheric pressure (1 atm). FIG. 18D shows a state in which the rotor 155 makes one rotation and the other surface (b surface) is the working surface.

  The carbon dioxide gas 35a is heated from the initial tank 31 or the circulation tank 73 through the pipes 33a to 33c and is heated by the heating unit 56 and supplied to the carbon dioxide gas engine 1 in a high pressure state. The carbon dioxide gas 35a is supplied to the carbon dioxide gas engine. A state when flowing into one inner chamber 103 will be described with reference to FIG.

  First, starting is performed by a cell starter (not shown), and the rotor 155 is forcibly rotated. When the rotor 155 reaches the position shown in FIG. 18A1, that is, the position immediately before the supply port 117, the supply valve 125 is opened, and the high-pressure carbon dioxide gas 35a flows into the primary working chamber 121. The carbon dioxide gas 35a starts to expand as soon as it flows into the primary working chamber 121. However, when the rotor 155 reaches a position passing through the supply port 117 as shown in FIG. 18A2, the supply valve 125 is “closed”. Therefore, the expansion is temporarily terminated. This is because the carbon dioxide gas 35a is expanded within the volume limit of the primary working chamber 121. This is tentatively called “sub-expansion”. The pressure energy received by the rotor 155 during the sub-expansion receives pressure over the entire a-plane, as in the gasoline engine. That is, in the intake and expansion strokes of FIGS. 18A1 and 18A2, the carbon dioxide gas 35a moves to the next expansion and discharge stroke in a state where the stress of subexpansion energy is accumulated and held. In addition, the pressure on the other surface (b surface) side in this suction / expansion stroke is atmospheric pressure.

  18B1 and 18B2, the carbon dioxide gas 35a is at atmospheric pressure when the discharge port 119 is "opened" by the rotation of the rotor 155, that is, when the discharge port 119 is in a pinhole state. It expands explosively. At this time, when the movement of the carbon dioxide gas 35a is taken as the center, the expanded carbon dioxide gas 35a moves along the surface of the rotor 155 and moves rapidly toward the discharge port 119 which is “open”. The expansion pressure of the carbon dioxide gas 35a at this time is not uniformly applied to the entire a surface of the rotor 155, but is concentrated only on the half surface of the rotor 155 on the discharge port 119 side, unlike the case of the suction expansion stroke. Accordingly, the discharge port 119 opens more and more, so that the carbon dioxide gas 35a moves more rapidly toward the discharge port 119, so that the force due to expansion of the carbon dioxide gas 35a (this is referred to as “expansion force”) is further increased by the rotor 155. It concentrates only on the half surface of the discharge port 119 side. This state can be referred to as a “chain expansion” state, in which case the carbon dioxide gas 35a is sufficiently expanded, so that a sufficient rotational moment can be obtained on the half surface of the rotor 155 on the discharge port 119 side. As a result, the rotor 155 rotates. The pressure on each surface in this expansion and discharge process is the atmospheric pressure on the other surface (b surface) side in FIG. 18 (B1), and on both a and b surfaces in FIG. 18 (B2) (FIG. 11 (B)). Both are at atmospheric pressure.

This point will be described in more detail based on FIGS. 19A to 19D. As shown in FIG. 19A, in the state immediately before the expansion / discharge stroke, the expansion (subexpansion) force of the carbon dioxide gas 35a is applied to all surfaces of the primary working chamber 121 and the rotor 155. However, at the moment when the discharge port 119 is “open”, the carbon dioxide gas 35a rapidly flows and jets from the high-pressure primary working chamber 121 toward the low-pressure (atmospheric pressure) opening 119 (FIG. 19B). . When this time looking at the primary working chamber 121, near the discharge port 119 is a pressure imbalance portion P ₀ the pressure becomes unbalanced because exposed to atmospheric pressure is formed, the pressure imbalance portion P ₀ is carbonate When the gas 35a is ejected, the pressure becomes low, so the carbon dioxide gas 35a of the adjacent layer P ₁ moves. Thereby, a relatively low pressure portion is formed in the upper portion L in the primary working chamber 121 (FIG. 19B). Such movement of the carbon dioxide gas 35a is successively performed as shown in FIGS. 19 (C) and 19 (D). Therefore, a low-pressure space L from which carbon dioxide gas 35a has escaped is formed in the upper part of the primary working chamber 121, and the low-pressure space L gradually increases. On the other hand, the pressure imbalance portion P ₀ near the discharge port 119 is newly added one after another. Since the carbon dioxide gas 35a moves explosively, the pressure imbalance portion P ₀ is always higher than atmospheric pressure. The carbon dioxide gas 35a discharged one after another from the pressure imbalance portion P ₀ is explosively expanded when discharged from the discharge port 119, that is, from the position “1” to the position “n”. The discharged carbon dioxide gas 35a presses the half surface of the rotor 105 on the first discharge port 109a side, and the rotor 105 is pivotally attached to the housing 101. Therefore, the carbon dioxide gas 35a is rotated by the expansion force of the carbon dioxide gas 35a. That is, the discharged carbon dioxide gas 35a is continuously expanded explosively because the explosive expansion at the pressure imbalance portion P ₀ and the replenishment to the pressure imbalance portion P ₀ are continuously performed. The rotor 105 rotates.
In this expansion / discharge process, the carbon dioxide gas 35b is discharged from the discharge port 119 in a jetting state, so that the inside of the pipe is pumped by the jet output at the time of discharge.

  Next, in the atmospheric pressure holding process shown in FIGS. 18C and 11C from the end of the expansion / discharge process shown in FIG. 18B2, both the a and b sides of the rotor 155 become atmospheric pressure. Is rotated by the inertial force and becomes the position shown in FIG. 18D (FIG. 11D). As a result, the other surface (b surface) becomes the working surface, and this time, the series of strokes described above is repeated on the b surface of the rotor 155.

  Thus, when the start is completed, the carbon dioxide engine starts full-scale operation by continuously repeating the above-described series of strokes.

  The operation principle in the case of the three-surface rotor shown in FIG. 13 is also the same as described above, and the expansion of the carbon dioxide gas 35a takes the suction expansion stroke, the expansion discharge stroke, and the atmospheric pressure maintaining stroke, and acts in the same manner as described above in each stroke. The difference from the case of the two-sided rotor shown in FIG. 11 is that there is no supply valve 125, but the function of this supply valve 125, that is, the opening and closing of the supply port 117 is performed according to the rotational position of the rotor 105.

The movement of the carbon dioxide engine 1 will be described in detail based on FIG.
As shown in FIG. 13A, when the working surface “a” of the rotor 105 is in a position where the suction and expansion stroke is performed, carbon dioxide gas 35a (gas) in a high-pressure state (for example, 40 atm) is supplied from the supply port 107 to the primary working chamber. 111 is supplied. When the carbon dioxide gas 35a is supplied into the primary working chamber 111, the carbon dioxide gas 35a is exposed to an atmospheric pressure of 1 atm. This expansion is “sub-expansion”.

  In the suction / expansion stroke, the rotor 105 is pressed by the inertial force and rotates to the position shown in FIG. As a result, the working surface a is located in the secondary working chamber 112, and the discharge port 109 is "open", so that the expansion and discharge stroke is performed. When the discharge port 109 is “opened” by the rotation of the rotor 105, that is, when the discharge port 109 is in a pinhole state, the carbon dioxide gas 35a becomes atmospheric pressure and expands explosively. At this time, when the movement of the carbon dioxide gas 35a is taken as a center, the expanded carbon dioxide gas 35a moves along the surface of the rotor 105 and moves rapidly toward the discharge port 109 that is "open". Therefore, as described in the case of the two-sided rotor, the carbon dioxide gas 35 a becomes “chain expansion” that explosively expands because the secondary working chamber 112 becomes atmospheric pressure, and is ejected from the discharge port 109.

  When the rotor 105 further rotates to the position shown in FIG. 13C, both the supply port 107 and the discharge port 109 are “closed”, so that the atmospheric pressure holding process is performed, and the mixed gas is held in the atmospheric pressure state.

  The rotor 105 further rotates to the position shown in FIG. Thus, the rotor continuously rotates in the housing due to the volume expansion force and inertial force of the carbon dioxide gas 35a, so that the resulting energy is taken out by appropriate means.

  Next, the principle of operation of the rotary carbon dioxide engine with a five-sided rotor will be described with reference to FIGS. 20A and 20B. 20A and 20B are diagrams schematically illustrating the position when the rotor 105 rotates in the inner chamber 103 and the state of expansion of the carbon dioxide gas. A1 to A5 in FIG. 20A show the first expansion energy extraction process on the operation surface a, and B1 to B5 in FIG. 20B show the second expansion energy extraction process on the operation surface a. A1 and A2 in FIG. 20A show the suction expansion stroke, and the carbon dioxide gas at this time is in a “sub-expansion” state. A3 and A4 in FIG. 20A show an expansion / discharge process, and the carbon dioxide gas at this time is in a “chain expansion” state. A5 in FIG. 20A indicates an atmospheric pressure maintaining process, and the working chambers 111 and 112 at this time are at atmospheric pressure (1 atm). Further, B1 and B2 in FIG. 20B indicate the suction expansion stroke, and the carbon dioxide gas at this time is in a “sub-expansion” state. B3 and B4 in FIG. 20B indicate an expansion / discharge process, and the carbon dioxide gas at this time is in a “chain expansion” state. B5 in FIG. 20B indicates an atmospheric pressure maintaining process, and the working chambers 113 and 114 at this time are at atmospheric pressure (1 atm). As a result, the rotor 105 rotates once and the other surface (surface b) becomes the working surface.

  The carbon dioxide gas 35 a is supplied from the initial tank 31 or the circulation tank 73 through the pipe 33 to the carbon dioxide gas engine 1 in a high pressure state. When the carbon dioxide gas 35 a flows into the inner chamber 103 of the carbon dioxide gas engine 1. The state will be described with reference to FIGS. 20A and 20B.

  First, starting is performed by a cell starter (not shown), and the rotor 105 is forcibly rotated. When the rotor 105 is at the position A1 in FIG. 20A, that is, when the supply port 107a is “open”, the high-pressure carbon dioxide gas 35a flows into the first chamber 111. The carbon dioxide gas 35a starts to expand as soon as it flows into the first chamber 111. This expansion once ends when the rotor 105 reaches the position of the discharge port 109a as shown by A2 in FIG. 20A. This is because the expansion of the carbon dioxide gas 35 a is performed within the limit of the volume of the first chamber 111. This is tentatively called “sub-expansion”. The pressure energy received by the rotor 105 at the time of sub-expansion is received by the entire a-plane as in the gasoline engine. That is, in the intake and expansion strokes A1 and A2 in FIG. 20A, the carbon dioxide gas 35a moves to the next expansion and discharge stroke in a state where the stress of subexpansion energy is accumulated and held.

  In the expansion and discharge strokes of A3 and A4 in FIG. 20A, when the discharge port 109a is "opened" by the rotation of the rotor 105, that is, when the discharge port 109a is in a pinhole state, the carbon dioxide gas 35a becomes atmospheric pressure and explosive. Inflates to. At this time, when the movement of the carbon dioxide gas 35a is taken as the center, the expanded carbon dioxide gas 35a moves along the surface of the rotor 105 and moves rapidly toward the discharge port 109a which is “open”. The expansion pressure of the carbon dioxide gas 35a at this time is not applied evenly to the entire a surface of the rotor 105, but is concentrated only on the half surface of the rotor 105 on the discharge port 109a side, unlike the case of the suction expansion stroke. Accordingly, the discharge port 109a opens more and more, so that the carbon dioxide gas 35a moves more rapidly toward the discharge port 109a, so that the force due to expansion of the carbon dioxide gas 35a (referred to as “expansion force”) is further increased by the rotor 105. It concentrates only on the half surface on the discharge port 109a side. This state can be referred to as a “chain expansion” state, in which case the carbon dioxide gas 35a is sufficiently expanded, so that a sufficient rotational moment can be obtained on the half surface of the rotor 105 on the discharge port 109a side. As a result, the rotor 105 rotates.

This point will be described in more detail based on FIGS. 21A (A) to (D). 21A (A) is an enlarged view of part A in step A2 in FIG. 20A, FIG. 21A (B) is an enlarged view of part B in step A3 in FIG. 20A, and FIG. 21A (C) is an intermediate between step A3 and step A4 in FIG. FIG. 21A (D) is an enlarged view showing a state, and is an enlarged view of a portion D in step A4 in FIG. As shown in FIG. 21A (A), in the state immediately before the expansion / discharge process, the expansion (subexpansion) force of the carbon dioxide gas 35a is applied to all surfaces of the first chamber 111 and the rotor 105. However, at the moment when the discharge port 109a is “opened”, the carbon dioxide gas 35a rapidly flows and jets from the high-pressure first chamber 111 toward the low-pressure (atmospheric pressure) opening 109a (FIG. 21A (B)). At this time, when the inside of the first chamber 111 is viewed, the vicinity of the discharge port 109a is exposed to the atmospheric pressure, so that a pressure imbalance portion P ₀ in which the pressure is unbalanced is formed, and this pressure imbalance portion P ₀ Since the pressure becomes low when 35a is ejected, the carbon dioxide gas 35a of the adjacent layer P ₁ moves. Accordingly, a relatively low pressure portion L (shown as A3 in FIG. 20A) is formed on the opposite side of the discharge port 109a in the first chamber 111. Such movement of the carbon dioxide gas 35a is successively performed as shown in FIGS. 21A (C) and 21A (D). Therefore, the low pressure space L from which the carbon dioxide gas 35a has escaped is formed in the first chamber 111, and the low pressure space L gradually increases. On the other hand, new carbon dioxide gas is successively added to the pressure imbalance portion P ₀ near the discharge port 109a. Since 35a moves explosively, the pressure imbalance portion P ₀ is always higher than atmospheric pressure. And when carbon dioxide 35a discharged one after another from the pressure imbalance portion P ₀ is discharged from the discharge port 109a, namely because the rotor 105 expands explosively from the position up to the position of "n", "1" The discharged carbon dioxide gas 35a presses the half surface of the rotor 105 on the first discharge port 109a side, and the rotor 105 is pivotally attached to the housing 101. Therefore, the carbon dioxide gas 35a is rotated by the expansion force of the carbon dioxide gas 35a. That is, the discharged carbon dioxide gas 35a is continuously expanded explosively because the explosive expansion at the pressure imbalance portion P ₀ and the replenishment to the pressure imbalance portion P ₀ are continuously performed. The rotor 105 rotates.
Since the compartments of the respective chambers change as the rotor 105 rotates, the compartment indicated by “111” in the process after the process A3 in FIG. 20A may not be the first chamber. For convenience, reference numerals of the respective chambers shown in the process A1 in FIG. 20A are used for the processes A3 to A5 in FIG. 20A and the processes B1 to B5 in FIG. 20B.

  Next, from the end of the expansion / discharge process shown at A4 in FIG. 20A, the rotor 105 rotates by the inertial force in the atmospheric pressure holding process shown at A5 in FIG. 20A, and the a-plane shifts to the second chamber 112 having the atmospheric pressure. It rotates to the position shown to B1 of FIG. 20B. Thereby, it becomes the expansion energy extraction process of the 2nd time in a surface.

  That is, when the rotor 105 is rotated by the moment of inertia and the surface a is at the position indicated by B1 in FIG. 20B, the supply port 107b is “open” and the high-pressure carbon dioxide gas 35a flows into the third chamber 113. The carbon dioxide gas 35a starts to expand as soon as it flows into the third chamber 113, but this expansion once ends when the rotor 105 comes to the position of the discharge port 109b as shown by B2 in FIG. 20B. This is due to “sub-expansion” in which the expansion of the carbon dioxide gas 35 a is performed within the limit of the volume of the third chamber 113. The pressure energy received by the rotor 105 at the time of sub-expansion is received by the entire a-plane as in the gasoline engine. That is, in the suction and expansion strokes B1 and B2 in FIG. 20B, the carbon dioxide gas 35a moves to the next expansion and discharge stroke in a state where the stress of subexpansion energy is accumulated and held.

  In the expansion / discharge process of B3 and B4 in FIG. 20B, when the discharge port 109b is "opened" by the rotation of the rotor 105, that is, when the discharge port 109b is in a pinhole state, the carbon dioxide gas 35a becomes an atmospheric pressure and explosive. Inflates to. At this time, when the movement of the carbon dioxide gas 35a is taken as the center, the expanded carbon dioxide gas 35a moves along the surface of the rotor 105 and moves rapidly toward the discharge port 109b that is "open". The expansion pressure of the carbon dioxide gas 35a at this time is not applied evenly to the entire a surface of the rotor 105, but is concentrated only on the half surface of the rotor 105 on the discharge port 109b side, unlike the case of the suction expansion stroke. Therefore, the discharge port 109b opens more and more, and the carbon dioxide gas 35a moves more rapidly toward the discharge port 109b. Therefore, the force (expansion force) due to the expansion of the carbon dioxide gas 35a is further increased on the discharge port 109b side of the rotor 105. Concentrate only on one side. This state can be referred to as a “chain expansion” state, in which case the carbon dioxide gas 35a is fully expanded, so that a sufficient rotational moment can be obtained on the half surface of the rotor 105 on the discharge port 109b side. As a result, the rotor 105 rotates.

This point will be described in more detail based on FIGS. 21B (E) to 21B (H). 21B (E) is an enlarged view of portion E in step B2 in FIG. 20B, FIG. 21B (F) is an enlarged view of portion F in step B3 in FIG. 20B, and FIG. 21B (G) is an intermediate between steps B3 and B4 in FIG. An enlarged view showing the state, FIG. 21B (H) is an enlarged view of a portion H in the process B4 of FIG. 20B. As shown in FIG. 21B (E), in the state immediately before the expansion / discharge process, the expansion (sub-expansion) force of the carbon dioxide gas 35a is applied to all surfaces of the third chamber 113 and the rotor 105. However, at the moment when the discharge port 109b is “opened”, the carbon dioxide gas 35a rapidly flows out from the high-pressure third chamber 113 toward the low-pressure (atmospheric pressure) opening portion 109b (FIG. 21B (F)). At this time, when the inside of the third chamber 113 is viewed, the vicinity of the discharge port 109b is exposed to the atmospheric pressure, so that a pressure imbalance portion P ₀ in which the pressure is unbalanced is formed, and this pressure imbalance portion P ₀ Since the pressure becomes low when 35a is ejected, the carbon dioxide gas 35a of the adjacent layer P ₁ moves. Accordingly, a relatively low pressure portion L (shown as B3 in FIG. 20B) is formed on the opposite side of the discharge port 109b in the third chamber 113. Such movement of the carbon dioxide gas 35a is successively performed as shown in FIGS. 21B (G) and 21B (H). Therefore, the low pressure space L from which the carbon dioxide gas 35a has escaped is formed in the third chamber 113, and the low pressure space L gradually increases. On the other hand, new carbon dioxide gas is successively added to the pressure imbalance portion P ₀ near the discharge port 109b. Since 35a moves explosively, the pressure imbalance portion P ₀ is always higher than atmospheric pressure. And when carbon dioxide 35a discharged one after another from the pressure imbalance portion P ₀ is discharged from the discharge port 109b, i.e. from the rotor 105 expands explosively from the position up to the position of "n", "1" The discharged carbon dioxide gas 35a presses the half surface of the rotor 105 on the second discharge port 109b side, and the rotor 105 is pivotally attached to the housing 101. Therefore, the rotor 105 is rotated by the expansion force of the carbon dioxide gas 35a. That is, the discharged carbon dioxide gas 35a is continuously expanded explosively because the explosive expansion at the pressure imbalance portion P ₀ and the replenishment to the pressure imbalance portion P ₀ are continuously performed. The rotor 105 rotates.

  Next, from the end of the expansion / discharge stroke shown in B4 of FIG. 20B, the rotor 105 rotates by the inertial force in the atmospheric pressure holding stroke shown in B5 of FIG. 20B, and the a-plane shifts to the fourth chamber 114 having the atmospheric pressure. As a result, the other surface (surface b) becomes the position of the first supply port 107a “open” and becomes the operating surface, so that the series of steps described above is repeated on the surface b of the rotor 105.

  After that, the carbon dioxide engine is operated by continuously repeating the series of steps described above.

  And also in b surface, the expansion energy of carbon dioxide twice is taken out through the same process as described above. The rotor 105 further rotates, and the expansion energy of carbon dioxide gas is extracted twice through the same process as described above on the c-plane to e-plane. Further, in the present embodiment, since the two rotors 105 are connected in phase with each other, the operation surfaces a to e of the operation surfaces a to e are continuous with the operation surfaces a to e of the rotor 105A and the operation surfaces a to e of the rotor 105B. Done. Therefore, the engine output increases and the smoothness of the output is ensured.

  Next, the operating principle of a rotary carbon dioxide engine with a seven-sided rotor will be described with reference to FIGS. 22A to 22C. 22A to 22C are diagrams schematically illustrating the position when the rotor 105 rotates in the inner chamber 103 and the state of expansion of the carbon dioxide gas. A1 to A5 in FIG. 22A show the first expansion energy extraction process on the operation surface a, B1 to B5 in FIG. 22B show the second expansion energy extraction process on the operation surface a, and C1 to C5 in FIG. 22C show the operation. The expansion energy extraction process of the 3rd time in the surface a is shown. A1 and A2 in FIG. 22A show the suction expansion stroke, and the carbon dioxide gas at this time is in a “sub-expansion” state. A3 and A4 in FIG. 22A indicate the expansion / discharge process, and the carbon dioxide gas at this time is in a “chain expansion” state. A5 in FIG. 22A shows an atmospheric pressure maintaining process, and the working chambers 111 and 112 at this time are at atmospheric pressure (1 atm). Further, B1 and B2 in FIG. 22B indicate the suction expansion stroke, and the carbon dioxide gas at this time is in a “sub-expansion” state. B3 and B4 in FIG. 22B indicate an expansion / discharge process, and the carbon dioxide gas at this time is in a “chain expansion” state. B5 in FIG. 22B indicates an atmospheric pressure maintaining process, and the working chambers 113 and 114 at this time are at atmospheric pressure (1 atm). Further, C1 and C2 in FIG. 22C indicate the suction expansion stroke, and the carbon dioxide gas at this time is in a “sub-expansion” state. C3 and C4 in FIG. 22C indicate an expansion / discharge process, and the carbon dioxide gas at this time is in a “chain expansion” state. C5 in FIG. 22C indicates an atmospheric pressure maintaining process, and the working chambers 115 and 116 at this time are at atmospheric pressure (1 atm). As a result, the rotor 105 rotates once and the other surface (surface b) becomes the working surface.

  The carbon dioxide gas 35 a is supplied from the initial tank 31 or the circulation tank 73 through the pipe 33 to the carbon dioxide gas engine 1 in a high pressure state. When the carbon dioxide gas 35 a flows into the inner chamber 103 of the carbon dioxide gas engine 1. The situation will be described with reference to FIGS. 22A to 22C.

  First, starting is performed by a cell starter (not shown), and the rotor 105 is forcibly rotated. When the rotor 105 is at the position A1 in FIG. 22A, that is, when the supply port 107a is “open”, the high-pressure carbon dioxide gas 35a flows into the first chamber 111. The carbon dioxide gas 35a starts to expand as soon as it flows into the first chamber 111. This expansion once ends when the rotor 105 comes to the position of the discharge port 109a as indicated by A2 in FIG. 22A. This is because of the “sub-expansion” in which the expansion of the carbon dioxide gas 35 a is performed within the limit of the volume of the first chamber 111. The pressure energy received by the rotor 105 at the time of sub-expansion is received by the entire a-plane as in the gasoline engine. That is, in the intake and expansion strokes A1 and A2 in FIG. 22A, the carbon dioxide gas 35a moves to the next expansion and discharge stroke in a state where the stress of subexpansion energy is accumulated and held.

  In the expansion and discharge strokes of A3 and A4 in FIG. 22A, when the discharge port 109a is "opened" by the rotation of the rotor 105, that is, when the discharge port 109a is in a pinhole state, the carbon dioxide gas 35a becomes atmospheric pressure and explosive. Inflates to. At this time, when the movement of the carbon dioxide gas 35a is taken as the center, the expanded carbon dioxide gas 35a moves along the surface of the rotor 105 and moves rapidly toward the discharge port 109a which is “open”. The expansion pressure of the carbon dioxide gas 35a at this time is not applied evenly to the entire a surface of the rotor 105, but is concentrated only on the half surface of the rotor 105 on the discharge port 109a side, unlike the case of the suction expansion stroke. Accordingly, the discharge port 109a opens more and more, so that the carbon dioxide gas 35a moves more rapidly toward the discharge port 109a, so that the force (expansion force) due to the expansion of the carbon dioxide gas 35a is further increased on the discharge port 109a side of the rotor 105. Concentrate only on one side. This state can be referred to as a “chain expansion” state, in which case the carbon dioxide gas 35a is sufficiently expanded, so that a sufficient rotational moment can be obtained on the half surface of the rotor 105 on the discharge port 109a side. As a result, the rotor 105 rotates. Details are the same as those described for the five-sided rotor, and will be omitted.

  Since the compartments of the respective chambers change with the rotation of the rotor 105, the compartment indicated by “111” in the stroke after the stroke A3 in FIG. Although it may not be one room, for the sake of convenience, the processes A3 to A5 in FIG. 22A, the processes B1 to B5 in FIG. 22B and the processes C1 to C5 in FIG. 22C are all shown in the process A1 in FIG. 22A. A code is used.

  Next, from the end of the expansion / discharge process shown in A4 of FIG. 22A, in the atmospheric pressure holding process shown in A5 of FIG. 22A, the rotor 105 rotates due to the inertial force, and the a-plane moves to the second chamber 112 having the atmospheric pressure, It rotates to the position shown in B1 of FIG. 22B. Thereby, it becomes the expansion energy extraction process of the 2nd time in a surface.

  That is, when the rotor 105 is rotated by the moment of inertia and the surface a is at the position indicated by B1 in FIG. 22B, the supply port 107b is “open” and the high-pressure carbon dioxide gas 35a flows into the third chamber 113. The carbon dioxide gas 35a starts to expand as soon as it flows into the third chamber 113, but this expansion once ends when the rotor 105 reaches the position of the discharge port 109b as shown by B2 in FIG. 22B. This is due to “sub-expansion” in which the expansion of the carbon dioxide gas 35 a is performed within the limit of the volume of the third chamber 113. The pressure energy received by the rotor 105 at the time of sub-expansion is received by the entire a-plane as in the gasoline engine. That is, in the suction and expansion strokes B1 and B2 in FIG. 22B, the carbon dioxide gas 35a moves to the next expansion and discharge stroke in a state where the stress of subexpansion energy is accumulated and held.

  In the expansion / discharge process of B3 and B4 in FIG. 22B, when the discharge port 109b is "opened" by the rotation of the rotor 105, that is, when the discharge port 109b is in a pinhole state, the carbon dioxide gas 35a becomes an atmospheric pressure and explosive. Inflates. At this time, when the movement of the carbon dioxide gas 35a is taken as the center, the expanded carbon dioxide gas 35a moves along the surface of the rotor 105 and moves rapidly toward the discharge port 109b that is "open". The expansion pressure of the carbon dioxide gas 35a at this time is not applied evenly to the entire a surface of the rotor 105, but is concentrated only on the half surface of the rotor 105 on the discharge port 109b side, unlike the case of the suction expansion stroke. Therefore, the discharge port 109b opens more and more, and the carbon dioxide gas 35a moves more rapidly toward the discharge port 109b. Therefore, the force (expansion force) due to the expansion of the carbon dioxide gas 35a is further increased on the discharge port 109b side of the rotor 105. Concentrate only on one side. This state can be referred to as a “chain expansion” state, in which case the carbon dioxide gas 35a is fully expanded, so that a sufficient rotational moment can be obtained on the half surface of the rotor 105 on the discharge port 109b side. As a result, the rotor 105 rotates. Details of this point are also the same as described above, and will be omitted.

  Next, from the end of the expansion / discharge stroke shown in B4 of FIG. 22B, in the atmospheric pressure holding stroke shown in B5 of FIG. 22B, the rotor 105 rotates due to the inertial force, and the a-plane moves to the fourth chamber 114 having the atmospheric pressure. It rotates to the position shown to C1 of FIG. 22C. This is the third expansion energy extraction step on the a-plane.

  That is, when the rotor 105 is rotated by the moment of inertia and the surface a is at the position indicated by C1 in FIG. 22C, the supply port 107c is “open”, and the high-pressure carbon dioxide gas 35a flows into the third chamber 113. The carbon dioxide gas 35a starts to expand as soon as it flows into the fifth chamber 115, but this expansion once ends when the rotor 105 comes to the position of the discharge port 109c as indicated by C2 in FIG. 22C. This is due to “sub-expansion” in which the expansion of the carbon dioxide gas 35 a is performed within the limit of the volume of the fifth chamber 115. The pressure energy received by the rotor 105 at the time of sub-expansion is received by the entire a-plane as in the gasoline engine. That is, in the suction and expansion strokes C1 and C2 in FIG. 22C, the carbon dioxide gas 35a moves to the next expansion and discharge stroke in a state where the stress of subexpansion energy is accumulated and held.

  In the expansion and discharge strokes of C3 and C4 in FIG. 22C, when the discharge port 109c is "opened" by the rotation of the rotor 105, that is, when the discharge port 109c is in a pinhole state, the carbon dioxide gas 35a becomes an atmospheric pressure and explosive. Inflates to. At this time, when the movement of the carbon dioxide gas 35a is taken as the center, the expanded carbon dioxide gas 35a moves along the surface of the rotor 105 and moves rapidly toward the discharge port 109c that is "open". The expansion pressure of the carbon dioxide gas 35a at this time is not applied evenly to the entire a surface of the rotor 105, but is concentrated only on the half surface of the rotor 105 on the discharge port 109c side, unlike the case of the suction expansion stroke. Accordingly, the discharge port 109c opens more and more, so that the carbon dioxide gas 35a rapidly moves toward the discharge port 109c. Therefore, the force (expansion force) due to the expansion of the carbon dioxide gas 35a is further increased on the discharge port 109c side of the rotor 105. Concentrate only on one side. This state can be referred to as a “chain expansion” state, in which case the carbon dioxide gas 35a is fully expanded, so that a sufficient rotational moment can be obtained on the half surface of the rotor 105 on the discharge port 109c side. As a result, the rotor 105 rotates. Details of this point are also the same as described above, and will be omitted.

  Next, from the end of the expansion / discharge process shown at C4 in FIG. 22C, the rotor 105 rotates by inertial force in the atmospheric pressure holding process shown at C5 in FIG. 22C, and the a-plane shifts to the sixth chamber 116 having the atmospheric pressure. As a result, the other surface (surface b) becomes the position of the first supply port 107a “open” and becomes the operating surface, so that the series of steps described above is repeated on the surface b of the rotor 105.

  After that, the carbon dioxide engine is operated by continuously repeating the series of steps described above.

  And also in b surface, the expansion energy by carbon dioxide gas is taken out through the same process as described above. Further, the rotor 105 is rotated, and the expansion energy by the carbon dioxide gas is extracted three times through the same process as described above in the c-plane to the g-plane. Further, in this embodiment, since the two rotors 105 are connected with a phase shift, the operation surfaces a to g of the operation surfaces a to g are continuously connected to the operation surfaces a to g of the rotor 105A and the operation surfaces a to g of the rotor 105B. Done. Therefore, the engine output increases and the smoothness of the output is ensured.

  The operating principle in the case of the reciprocating carbon dioxide engine shown in FIG. 17 is also the same as described above, and the expansion of the carbon dioxide gas 35a takes the suction expansion stroke, the expansion / discharge stroke, and the atmospheric pressure holding stroke, and acts in the same manner as above in each stroke. To do. As the piston 7 descends, the suction and expansion stroke occurs, and the inside of the inner chamber 9 becomes “sub-expansion”. Subsequently, the expansion and discharge process continues from the start of “open” of the discharge port 11 to the end of “open” of the discharge port 11 through “full open” shown in FIG. 17 (C), and the high-pressure carbon dioxide gas 35a reaches atmospheric pressure. It becomes “chain expansion” which is explosively expanded when exposed. Subsequently, the atmospheric pressure holding process is performed until the discharge port 11 is “closed” due to the rising of the piston. The piston 7 is operated by the expansion force of this chain expansion.

  The movement of the carbon dioxide engine 1 will be described in detail based on FIG. First, the cam 21 is rotated by a starter motor (not shown). Then, in conjunction with the cam 21, the piston 7 is lowered as shown in FIG. 17A, and the supply valve 15 is pressed by the cam 21. Then, as shown in FIG. 17B, the supply valve 15 is “opened” against the urging force of the spring 19. At this time, the piston 7 is located at the top dead center U. Next, when the cam 21 further rotates, the supply valve 15 is released from being pressed immediately after the rotation, so that the supply valve 15 is “closed” by the urging force of the spring 19. FIG. 17C shows a state where the piston 7 is lowered to the bottom dead center D.

  The process of shifting from the top dead center U to the bottom dead center D will be described in detail. When the supply valve 15 is “closed”, the carbon dioxide gas 35a (gas) supplied in a high-pressure state (for example, 40 atm) in the closed chamber is exposed to an atmospheric pressure of 1 atm in the limited space of the inner chamber 9. So it expands its volume. This expansion is “sub-expansion”. The force due to the volume expansion is transmitted to the piston 7 to lower the piston 7 and this force is also transmitted to the flywheel 27 fixed to one end of the crankshaft 25. When the piston 7 reaches the bottom dead center D, the piston 7 shifts to an ascending process due to the inertial force resulting from the force transmitted to the flywheel 27.

  As shown in FIG. 17C, the discharge port 11 of the inner chamber 9 is “open” at the bottom dead center D, so that the carbon dioxide gas 35a applied to the depression of the piston 7 is explosive when the atmospheric pressure is reached. It becomes “chain expansion” which expands to the outlet 11 and is ejected from the discharge port 11. The piston 7 is operated by the expansion force of this chain expansion. Next, at the top dead center U of the piston 7 that has shifted to the ascending process, all the carbon dioxide gas 35b that has become atmospheric pressure is exhausted.

  Thus, the piston 7 continuously repeats the descending process and the ascending process by the volume expansion force of the carbon dioxide gas 35a and the inertial force. Therefore, since the piston 7 of the carbon dioxide engine continuously reciprocates, the energy generated thereby is taken out by appropriate means.

Let's compare the principle with a conventional gasoline engine.
The conventional gasoline engine requires four strokes of <1> intake stroke, <2> compression stroke, <3> combustion stroke and exhaust stroke, but the carbon dioxide engine according to the present invention does not require the above <3> combustion stroke. Yes, <2> The compression stroke may or may not be present. The strokes of the carbon dioxide engine according to the present invention are <a> intake expansion stroke, <b> expansion / discharge stroke, and <c> atmospheric pressure maintaining stroke. Regarding engine characteristics, combustion expansion of a conventional gasoline engine (internal combustion engine) is transient energy, whereas a carbon dioxide engine (internal pressure engine) according to the present invention has continuous expansion energy. Due to the difference in energy characteristics, each stroke of the conventional gasoline engine can be clearly distinguished, but each stroke of the carbon dioxide engine according to the present invention is continuous.
Therefore, the principle is completely different between the conventional gasoline engine and the carbon dioxide engine according to the present invention, and the theory applied to the gasoline engine cannot be directly applied to the carbon dioxide engine according to the present invention.

Let's take a closer look at the above points. Since the gasoline engine uses instantaneous energy at the time of explosion combustion, the equal pressure applied to the rotor surface is decentered from the coupling portion of the rotor from the central axis to give the ellipse rotational directionality. The compression stroke of air and fuel is indispensable, and the cylinder has an elliptical configuration in order to cause the rotor to be eccentric and to change the volume of the inner chamber.
On the other hand, in the carbon dioxide gas engine according to the present invention, the compression stroke is not necessarily required, and may not be as shown in the illustrated embodiment. This is because, in the present invention, unlike the gasoline engine, the compression stroke of air and fuel for combustion is not necessary, so that the sub-expansion is immediately performed when the intake pressure expansion stroke is shifted from the atmospheric pressure holding stroke. This is because the high-pressure carbon dioxide gas causes a “chain expansion” that explosively expands at the moment when the tip cuts off the discharge port. As a result, the expansion pressure concentrates on the half surface of the rotor on the discharge ports 119 and 109 side, and the rotor rotates accordingly. Thus, the principle is completely different between the conventional gasoline engine and the carbon dioxide engine according to the present invention.

As a result of the difference in principle, the aspect of the carbon dioxide engine is also different as follows. First, regarding the three-sided rotor, the conventional gasoline engine must have an elliptical cylinder, and cannot be a circular cylinder. As for the two-sided rotor, the conventional gasoline engine must have an elliptical cylinder, and cannot be a circular cylinder. The reason for this is that, as described above, the gasoline engine uses instantaneous energy at the time of explosion combustion, and therefore it is necessary to decenter the uniform pressure applied to the rotor surface to provide rotational directionality. This is because it is necessary to change the volume of the working chamber.
On the other hand, in the present invention, since the compression stroke is not necessary, the cylinder may be an elliptical configuration or a perfect circular configuration for both the three-surface rotor and the two-surface rotor, and the rotor rotates in either case.

  The power generation system according to the present invention is a system that generates power by operating a generator by the above-described circulating internal pressure engine. In this case, a large-scale carbon dioxide engine 1 having a large output is used. Also, it is desirable that the carbon dioxide compression section has three or more stages so that a large amount of carbon dioxide can be easily and quickly processed.

Here, the carbon dioxide gas 35 will be described in detail. Carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide CO ₂ ) has the following physical properties.
Specific gravity with air 1.529
Toxicity Odorless Odorless Property Nonflammability Molecular weight 44.01
Triple point (0.53 MPa) -56.6 ° C
Boiling point (sublimation) -78.5 ° C
Critical temperature 31.1 ℃
Critical pressure 7.38 MPa
Thermodynamic properties As shown in FIG.

  Carbon dioxide is generated with burning of animals, respiration of animals, decay of organic substances, fermentation, etc., and is normally present in the air. On the other hand, plants absorb carbon dioxide and perform carbon assimilation.

  The present invention pays attention to the inertness of carbon dioxide gas having such physical properties, room temperature liquefaction property, and high volume expansion property, and makes maximum use of this.

  Here, the expansion rate of the carbon dioxide gas 35a, that is, the magnitude of energy extracted by the carbon dioxide gas 35a will be considered. When the carbon dioxide gas 35a supplied into the inner chamber 9, which is a closed chamber 9, and the primary working chambers 111 and 121 is at room temperature (25 ° C.), the pressure of the carbon dioxide gas 35a is 6.432 MPa (64.32 atmospheres) from FIG. Therefore, the pressure of 64.32 times is applied to the piston 7 and the rotors 105 and 155 in the inner chamber 9 and the primary working chambers 111 and 121 at atmospheric pressure (1 atm). Therefore, theoretically, about 64 times as much kinetic energy can be extracted.

  This energy is compared with the energy extracted from a gasoline engine as a representative of a conventional internal combustion engine.

(Gasoline combustion under open conditions)
Since the molecular notation of gasoline is difficult, octane (C ₈ H ₁₈ ), which is a hydrocarbon relatively close to the average molecular weight of gasoline, is calculated as the gasoline composition. The physical properties of octane are as follows.
Chemical formula C ₈ H ₁₈
Specific gravity d = 0.7
Molecular weight M = 114.0
Combustion heat 10200kcal / kg = 10200 × 114/1000 × 4.186 ≒ 4868kJ / mol

（１）式よりオクタン１molが燃焼すると空気中の酸素を取り込みながら１７molのガスが発生する。 The combustion reaction formula of octane is as shown in equation (1).

From the formula (1), when 1 mol of octane burns, 17 mol of gas is generated while taking in oxygen in the air.

となる。 (Calculation of gas specific volume V ₀ )
Since the product gas is assumed to be an ideal gas, the volume occupied by 1 mol in the standard state is 22.4 l. Therefore, the gas specific volume V ₀ is obtained from the equation (1).

It becomes.

(Calculation of the combustion temperature T ₁₎
In order to obtain the explosion temperature T ₁ , the number of moles of the product gas, the calorific value, and the constant volume specific heat of the product gas are required. Here, only constant volume specific heat is unknown, but it is assumed that it is the same as explosives such as TNT.

なお、生成ガスの平均定容比熱が約４０J/℃として知られていることについては、日本火薬工業会、「一般火薬学新改訂第２版」、Ｐ１８（２００５）参照。 The explosion temperature T ₁ can be obtained by equation (2).

As for the fact that the average constant volume specific heat of the product gas is known as about 40 J / ° C., refer to the Japan Explosives Manufacturers Association, “General Explosives New Revision 2nd Edition”, P18 (2005).

従って

From equation (2), the explosion temperature T ₁ is

Therefore

となる。 In other words, 1 kg of octane occupies 90900 (l) at 7430 (K) (about 7100 ° C.) when exploded. Since the volume before the reaction is 1000 / 0.7 = 1430 (ml), the expansion rate when the temperature before the reaction is 0 ° C. is

It becomes.

  However, since the above value assumes the same explosion state as the explosive, the explosion temperature is higher than actual. Actually, the reaction does not proceed unless the explosion temperature is about 1500K and there is not enough air for combustion. Therefore, in reality, since oxygen is insufficient, the reaction does not occur like TNT explosives.

となる。 (Gas specific volume considering air)
Therefore, let us consider the combustion reaction formula of octane considering air. The necessary oxygen in the formula (1) is 12.5 mol. If the composition of air is 21% oxygen and 79% nitrogen, the accompanying nitrogen is 12.5 mol × (79/21) = 47.0 mol.
It becomes. Therefore, the combustion reaction equation is

It becomes.

  When 1 mol of octane burns, a total of 17 mol of gas is generated while taking in oxygen in the air, and there is 47.0 mol of nitrogen that does not affect combustion.

となる。 Since the product gas is assumed to be an ideal gas, the volume occupied by 1 mol in the standard state is 22.4 l. Therefore, the gas specific volume V ₀ is obtained from the equation (3):

It becomes.

(Calculation of combustion temperatures T ₁ Considering air)
In order to obtain the combustion temperature T ₁ , the number of moles of the product gas, the calorific value, and the constant volume specific heat of the product gas are required. Here, only constant volume specific heat is unknown, but it is assumed that it is the same as explosives such as TNT. The combustion temperature T ₁ can be obtained by the following equation.

従って、

From equation (4), the explosion temperature T ₁ is

Therefore,

That is, considering the initial volume of air, 1 kg of octane occupies 100185 (l) at 2175 (K) (about 1900 ° C.), assuming that it burned instantaneously. Since the volume before the reaction is (12.5 + 47) × 22.4 + 1 / 0.7 = 1334 (l), the expansion rate when the temperature before the reaction is 0 ° C. is 100185 / 1334≈75 times. However, the above values should actually further reduce the combustion temperature because heat is dissipated to the surroundings during combustion.

(Combustion in gasoline engine)
Consider an automobile gasoline engine with a fuel consumption of 10km / l, displacement of 2000cc, average speed of 40km / h, and average speed of 2000rpm / min. The gasoline engine consumes 4 (l) of gasoline per hour. Further, since the gasoline engine is 2000 rpm / min, it becomes 2000 × 2 × 60 (stroke / h). Further, since the bore stroke of the engine is 86 mm in diameter and the stroke is 86 mm, the volume in the cylinder chamber is S = (8.6) × (4.3) ² × π = 500 (cm ³ )
It becomes.

This is 4000 (ml) / (2000 x 2 x 60) = 1/60 (ml) per stroke
Of gasoline is consumed, and the combustion gas at that time becomes 500 (cm ³ ).

Next, let's analyze the stroke of this engine from the compression ratio.
The compression ratio is around “9” in a general passenger car engine. If the combustion chamber volume is Vb (ml), the compression ratio = (Vb + 500) / Vb, so 9Vb = Vb + 500, and when this is solved, Vb = 62.5 (ml).

Summarizing the above without the details,
Gasoline of 1/60 (ml) (= 16.7 x 10 ^-3 (ml) = 1.025 x 10 ^-4 (mol) of gasoline in the combustion chamber of 62.5 (ml) and the cylinder chamber of 500 (ml) About 560 (ml) of air (oxygen 5.25 × 10 ⁻³ (mol) and nitrogen 19.75 × 10 ⁻³ (mol)) inhaled together (1 atm), compressed gasoline and air 9 times It is ignited at (9 atmospheres), and the oxygen consumed from equation (3) is
1.025 × 10 ^-4 × 12.5 = 1.281 × 10 ^-3
It is. Therefore, the remaining oxygen and nitrogen are (5.25-1.28) × 10 ⁻³ = 1.97 × 10 ⁻³ (mol) and 19.75 × 10 ⁻³ (mol), respectively.
It becomes.

The generated gas and heat quantity are
H ₂ O: 1.025 × 10 ⁻⁴ × 9 = 9.225 × 10 ⁻⁴ (mol)
CO ₂ : 1.025 × 10 ⁻⁴ × 8 = 8.200 × 10 ⁻⁴ (mol)
Q = 1.025 x 10 ^-4 x 4868 = 0.499 kJ
It is.

In order to obtain the combustion temperature T ₁ , as described above, the number of moles of product gas, the calorific value, and the constant volume specific heat of the product gas are required. Here, only constant volume specific heat is unknown, but it is assumed that it is the same as explosives such as TNT. As described above, the combustion temperature T ₁ can be obtained by the following equation.

From (4 '), the combustion temperature T ₁ is

In other words, it is assumed that the 2000 cc engine burned instantaneously, and at 805 (K) (about 532 ° C.), 23.5 × 10 ⁻³ (mol) (= 9.225 × 10 ⁻⁴ + 8.200 × 10 ⁻⁴ +19) 7 × 10 ⁻⁴ + 197.5 × 10 ⁻⁴ ) gas occupies 62.5 (ml).

である。 When calculating the pressure P ₁ at this time, the ideal gas is

It is.

Finally, when this high temperature and high pressure gas expands 9 times in the expansion stroke that pushes down the cylinder,
Since P ₁ V ₀ = constant, the pressure P ₂ when expanded 9 times is P ₂ = P ₁ /9=24.8/9=2.7 (atm)
It becomes.

  In this case, the amount of energy extracted from the conventional gasoline engine is about 25 times in this case.

  Therefore, the energy extracted from the carbon dioxide engine according to the present invention is equal to or higher than the energy extracted from the conventional internal combustion engine. In particular, 2.5 times the energy can be obtained as compared with the conventional example (64 times at 25 ° C.) and the comparative example (25 times example).

  Thus, since the generation of energy according to the present invention does not involve combustion of fuel, it is safe without causing depletion of resources caused by fuel resources and pollution problems due to exhaust gas, and it is possible to obtain complete clean energy. it can. Further, since no carbon dioxide is generated, an increase in carbon dioxide can be prevented, which can contribute to prevention of a warming phenomenon. Moreover, since the extracted energy is equal to or higher than that of the gasoline engine as described above, the energy executability is also ensured.

  According to the circulating internal pressure engine according to the present invention, the pressure of the supplied carbon dioxide gas 35a is constant (for example, about 64 at normal temperature (25 ° C.) without being affected by the compression ratio of the closed chamber (inner chambers 9, 103, 123). Times). The carbon dioxide gas 35a stored in the tank or cylinder can be used effectively up to the last 1 mol. Therefore, the energy extraction efficiency is very good.

  In the extraction of the energy, the carbon dioxide gas discharged by configuring the circulation circuit is recovered and reused, so that the energy efficiency can be greatly increased.

  Moreover, the design of the closed chamber (inner chambers 9, 103, 123) is facilitated by the room temperature liquefaction and high volume expansion of the carbon dioxide gas 35a. Furthermore, due to the inertness of the carbon dioxide gas 35a, it is much easier to handle than, for example, hydrogen gas or oxygen gas, and the controllability is great. Therefore, it has a high degree of practicality.

  The volume expansion coefficient of the carbon dioxide gas 35 and the temperature are correlated, and the high-pressure carbon dioxide gas 35 a supplied into the inner chambers 9, 103, 123, and the primary working chambers 111, 121 is heated by the heating unit 56. As a result, the volume of the carbon dioxide engine is further improved.

  In this regard, the pressure of the carbon dioxide gas 35a supplied into the inner chambers 9, 103, 123, and the primary working chambers 111, 121 will be specifically calculated according to FIG. 23 and Boyle-Charles' law.

の式により表わす。炭酸ガス３５ａは初期タンク３１からパイプ３３を経由して大気圧（２５℃）・気体状態にて上記内室９、１０３、１２３に供給されるから、内室９、１０３、１２３の内圧は内室９、１０３、１２３が５０℃に加熱される場合次の如く算出される。ただし、内室９、１０３、１２３の容量を２０ccとする。

Boyle-Charles' law is that PV / T always has a constant value for a certain amount of gas.

This is expressed by the following formula. Since the carbon dioxide gas 35a is supplied from the initial tank 31 via the pipe 33 to the inner chambers 9, 103, 123 in the atmospheric pressure (25 ° C.) / Gas state, the inner pressure of the inner chambers 9, 103, 123 is the internal pressure. When the chambers 9, 103, and 123 are heated to 50 ° C., calculation is performed as follows. However, the capacity of the inner chambers 9, 103, 123 is 20 cc.

When the inner chambers 9, 103, 123 and the primary working chambers 111 and 121 are heated to 100 ° C., the internal pressures of the inner chambers 9, 103, 123 and the primary working chambers 111 and 121 are calculated as follows.

  Therefore, when the inner chambers 9, 103, 123 and the primary working chambers 111, 121 are heated by the heating unit 56, the work rate of the carbon dioxide gas engine 1 is further improved.

  The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. For example, as described above, there are various means for normalizing carbon dioxide gas in order to obtain “expansion force”, and so-called normal pressure from the inside of the engine by atmospheric contact from the bearing portion as in the first embodiment. There is a so-called normal pressure type from the outside of the engine as in the second to fourth embodiments. Further, there are combinations of these embodiments, for example, an embodiment as shown in FIG. The carbon dioxide gas engine according to the present invention takes out the expansion energy of the carbon dioxide gas by continuously passing through the three steps of “sub-expansion”, “chain expansion” and “maintain atmospheric pressure” when the carbon dioxide gas supplied in a high pressure state is It is characterized by having a circulation circuit that collects carbon dioxide gas discharged at atmospheric pressure, so to speak, it is only necessary to be able to recycle the pressure material (carbon dioxide gas) corresponding to the fuel used in conventional gasoline engines. Because.

  Further, the carbon dioxide gas 35b discharged from the carbon dioxide engine 1 is sent out in the recovery path 34B using the jet output of the carbon dioxide gas itself as in the first embodiment, and the pump 61 as in the third embodiment. There are a type to be used and a combination type of both, as in the fourth embodiment.

  The installation of the heating unit (56) is optional, but when it is installed, if the installation site is a site that is heated before the high-pressure carbon dioxide gas 35a is supplied to the carbon dioxide engine 1, the supply system path is not necessarily provided. It may not be provided in the pipe connection of 34A. For example, the heating unit (137) may be provided in the carbon dioxide engine 1 itself. FIG. 24 illustrates such a case.

  In FIG. 24, the housing 101 is integrally covered with an aluminum alloy housing cover 139, and a heating portion 137 made of a hollow body is provided outside the side wall of the cylinder body. A hot air supply port 141 and a hot air discharge port 143 are opened in the side wall of the housing cover 139. The hot air supply pipe 145 that supplies the hot air 40a for heating the heating unit 137 and the hot air that has finished heating the heating unit 137, respectively. A hot air discharge pipe 147 for discharging 40b is connected. The hot air supply pipe 145 and the hot air discharge pipe 147 are connected to a compressor 149 provided separately so as to be circulated.

  In the circuit of FIG. 1, the carbon dioxide engine 1 can be replaced with an engine 1 having a heating unit 137 as shown in FIG. In such a case, there is an advantage of eliminating the adverse effects caused by low temperatures on the metal parts constituting the engine cylinder and the engine oil.

  The multi-stage carbon dioxide gas compression unit is a set of suction by the front machine and pressure feed by the rear machine, and the purpose is to easily increase the compression processing capacity of the carbon dioxide gas according to the amount of carbon dioxide gas by the synergistic action of both. Depending on the desired output, for example, as shown in FIGS. 25A and 25B, the carbon dioxide gas compression units 69a, 69b, and 69c can be provided in three or more stages. Of course, as long as a desired large output can be obtained, it is not disturbed that it is a single machine.

  Further, the plurality of carbon dioxide compression units can be connected not only in series as shown in FIG. 25 (A), but also in parallel as shown in FIG. 25 (B), for example.

  The driving force of the primary carbon dioxide compression unit 69a and the secondary carbon dioxide compression unit 69b is, as its first example, the jet output of the carbon dioxide gas that is exposed to the atmospheric pressure described above in the above-described embodiment and is exhausted through chain expansion, and the belt 58a. , 58b, the driving force from the carbon dioxide engine 1 transmitted as part 2, the driving force only for the former (carbon dioxide jet output), and the third as the latter (from the carbon dioxide engine 1 transmitted by the belts 58a, 58b). There are three patterns of driving force only. That is, the driving force from the carbon dioxide engine 1 transmitted by the belts 58a and 58b may or may not be present.

  If another circulation tank (not shown) is provided between the carbon dioxide compression section 69b and the circulation tank 73 and the circulation tank is divided into the primary and secondary, the flow rate adjustment of the carbon dioxide gas 35a for controlling the carbon dioxide engine 1 is performed. Is expected to be smooth.

  The initial start may be taken out from the remaining amount of the circulation tank 73 and the initial tank 31 may not be provided.

  The pressurization by the carbon dioxide compression unit is appropriately selected depending on the external environment such as temperature, and can be performed at a pressure that does not necessarily liquefy at room temperature, for example, about 20 to 40 atmospheres. Incidentally, hydrogen gas, for example, does not have liquefiability at room temperature, so it does not liquefy with this degree of cooling.

  Carbon dioxide flowing through the pipe of the supply system may be mixed with dry ice as a gas and powder or supplied in a liquid state. Which phase is taken depends on conditions such as atmospheric pressure and temperature at the site.

  The type of the carbon dioxide engine 1 constituting the circulation internal pressure engine and the power generation system is arbitrary. Moreover, the material which comprises the carbon dioxide engine 1 can also be suitably selected, such as iron.

  In the case of a reciprocating carbon dioxide engine, the supply valve 15 provided in the inner chamber 9 may be closed or opened from the outside by the valve lid of the supply valve 15, contrary to the illustrated example. The supply valve 15 may be installed on the side wall of the cylinder body 5. Further, other known cam mechanisms can be applied, and for example, a cam mechanism that does not require a spring is also conceivable.

  The configuration of the cooling unit 57 in the collection path 34B is arbitrary, and may be the configuration as shown in FIG. 1 or the configuration as shown in FIG.

  Installation of the pump 61 is optional.

  Application of the extracted energy is arbitrary, and driving of a generator or power generation, as well as driving of an automobile, train, aircraft, ship, etc., driving of a motor, etc. can be performed.

  In the present invention, “high pressure” refers to the level of pressure sufficient to operate the carbon dioxide engine, and is of course about 70 atmospheres, which is liquefied at room temperature, of course, for example, about 20 to 40 atmospheres or about 60 atmospheres. Including. “Atmospheric pressure” and “normal pressure” are used interchangeably.

  The present invention can be used for, for example, power generation, driving of automobiles, trains, airplanes, ships, etc., driving of motors, driving of generators.

The circuit block diagram of the circulation type internal pressure engine by 1st Example of this invention is shown. It is a flowchart which shows the operation | movement step of 1st Example. The circuit block diagram of the circulation type internal pressure engine by 2nd Example of this invention is shown. It is a flowchart which shows the operation | movement step of 2nd Example. The circuit block diagram of the circulation type internal pressure engine by 3rd Example of this invention is shown. It is a flowchart which shows the operation | movement step of 3rd Example. The circuit block diagram of the circulation type internal pressure engine by 4th Example of this invention is shown. It is a flowchart which shows the operation | movement step of 4th Example. The circuit block diagram of the circulation type internal pressure engine by other Example of this invention is shown. 10 is a flowchart showing operation steps of the embodiment of FIG. The Example of the internal pressure engine used for this invention is shown. It is a schematic perspective view which shows the Example of a rotor. Another embodiment of the internal pressure engine used in the present invention will be shown. It is a schematic perspective view which shows the other Example of a rotor. Another embodiment of the internal pressure engine used in the present invention will be described. FIG. 16 is an exploded perspective view of FIG. 15. Another embodiment of the internal pressure engine used in the present invention will be described. It is explanatory drawing which shows the operating principle of the carbon dioxide gas engine by this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the operating principle of the carbon dioxide gas engine by this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the operating principle of the carbon dioxide gas engine by this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the operating principle of the carbon dioxide gas engine by this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the operating principle of the carbon dioxide gas engine by this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the operating principle of the carbon dioxide gas engine by this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the operating principle of the carbon dioxide gas engine by this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the operating principle of the carbon dioxide gas engine by this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the operating principle of the carbon dioxide gas engine by this invention. It is a table | surface which shows the thermodynamic property of a carbon dioxide gas. Another embodiment of the internal pressure engine used in the present invention will be described. (A) shows a connection example of the carbon dioxide compression section used in the present invention, and (B) shows another connection example.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Carbon dioxide engine 2 Cylinder 3 Cylinder head 5 Cylinder main body 7 Piston 9 Inner chamber 11 Discharge port 13 Supply port 15 Supply valve 17 Valve shaft 19 Spring 20 Spring cover 21 Cam 23 Connecting rod 25 Crankshaft 26 Balance weight 27 Flywheel 29a Pressure Ring 29b Oil ring 31 Initial tank 33 Pipe 34 Circulating circuit 34A Supply path 34B Recovery path 35 Carbon dioxide gas 35a Carbon dioxide gas 35b Carbon dioxide gas 37 Heating part 39 Cylinder cover 40 Hot air 41 Hot air supply port 43 Hot air discharge port
45 Hot Air Supply Pipe 47 Hot Air Discharge Pipe 49 Compressor 51 Switching Valve 53 Sensor 54 Three-way Switching Valve 55 Flow Control Valve 56 Heating Unit 57 Cooling Unit 58a Belt 58b Belt 58c Belt 59 Carbon Dioxide Compressor 61 Pump 63 Check Valve 65 Air Drying Part 67 Recovery tank 68 Separation part 69 Mixing tank 69a Primary carbon dioxide compression part 69b Secondary carbon dioxide compression part 71 Isolation part 73 Circulation tank 75 Check valve 77 Check valve 101 Housing 102 Rotor shaft 103 Inner chamber 105 Rotor 105a Oil seal / pressure seal 106 Rotor shaft 107 Supply port 107a First supply port 107b Second supply port 107c Third supply port 109 Discharge port 109a First discharge port 109b Second discharge port 109c Third discharge port 110 Flywheel 111 Primary Working chamber (first chamber)
112 Secondary working chamber (second chamber)
113 Tertiary working chamber (third chamber)
114 Fourth chamber 115 Fifth chamber 115a Oil seal / pressure seal 117 Supply port 119 Discharge port 121 Primary working chamber 122 Secondary working chamber 123 Inner chamber 123a Primary working chamber 123b Secondary working chamber 123c Tertiary working chamber 124 Valve Chamber 125 Supply valve 126 Rotor 126a Rotor hole 126b Rotor shaft 127 Valve shaft 129 Spring 130 Spring cover
131 Cam 137 Heating part 139 Housing cover 141 Hot air supply port 143 Hot air discharge port 145 Hot air supply pipe 147 Hot air discharge pipe 149 Compressor 155 Rotor a Working surface b Working surface c Working surface d Working surface e Working surface G Atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide gas

Claims (4)

A carbon dioxide engine that is driven by a force due to volume expansion when carbon dioxide gas supplied in a high pressure state becomes atmospheric pressure, and undergoes a suction expansion stroke, an expansion discharge stroke, and an atmospheric pressure holding stroke during one cycle; The carbon dioxide gas engine comprises a supply system path for supplying high-pressure carbon dioxide gas, and a recovery system path for recovering atmospheric carbon dioxide gas discharged from the carbon dioxide gas engine. A cooling unit for cooling carbon dioxide exhausted from the engine and a carbon dioxide compression unit for compressing the cooled carbon dioxide pumped from the cooling unit at a high pressure, and connecting the supply system path and the recovery system path and carbon dioxide constitute a circulation circuit for circulating the three-way valve in contact with the collection pathway and the supply pathway of the circulating circuit is provided, the initial tank connected via the three-way valve, supply system A sensor is provided for detecting whether or not the carbon dioxide gas supplied to the pipe and the pipe of the recovery system is at a concentration within a set range. The sensor outputs an initial switching signal when the concentration is not within the set range. issued, circulating pressure engine, which comprises emitting a circulation switching signal when within the set range. The circulating internal pressure engine according to claim 1, further comprising an adjustment tank that stores carbon dioxide gas in an atmospheric pressure state, the adjustment tank having a valve that can communicate with an exhaust port side of the carbon dioxide engine, A circulation type internal pressure engine, characterized in that, by adjustment, the exhaust port side of the carbon dioxide engine communicates with the adjustment tank. A carbon dioxide engine that is driven by a force due to volume expansion when carbon dioxide gas supplied in a high pressure state becomes atmospheric pressure, and undergoes a suction expansion stroke, an expansion discharge stroke, and an atmospheric pressure holding stroke during one cycle; The carbon dioxide gas engine comprises a supply system path for supplying high-pressure carbon dioxide gas, and a recovery system path for recovering atmospheric carbon dioxide gas discharged from the carbon dioxide gas engine. A cooling unit for cooling carbon dioxide exhausted from the engine and a carbon dioxide compression unit for compressing the cooled carbon dioxide pumped from the cooling unit at a high pressure, and connecting the supply system path and the recovery system path and carbon dioxide constitute a circulation circuit for circulating the three-way valve in contact with the collection pathway and the supply pathway of the circulating circuit is provided, the initial tank connected via the three-way valve, supply system A sensor is provided for detecting whether or not the carbon dioxide gas supplied to the pipe and the pipe of the recovery system is at a concentration within a set range. The sensor outputs an initial switching signal when the concentration is not within the set range. A power generation system characterized in that when it is within a set range, a circulation switching signal is generated and the carbon dioxide engine generates power. 4. The power generation system according to claim 3, further comprising an adjustment tank that stores carbon dioxide gas at atmospheric pressure, the adjustment tank having a valve that can communicate with an exhaust port side of the carbon dioxide engine, and adjusting the valve. A power generation system, wherein an exhaust port side of the carbon dioxide engine and the adjustment tank are communicated with each other.

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