JP4147063B2 - Salmonella simple detection method - Google Patents

Salmonella simple detection method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4147063B2
JP4147063B2 JP2002218286A JP2002218286A JP4147063B2 JP 4147063 B2 JP4147063 B2 JP 4147063B2 JP 2002218286 A JP2002218286 A JP 2002218286A JP 2002218286 A JP2002218286 A JP 2002218286A JP 4147063 B2 JP4147063 B2 JP 4147063B2
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medium
water
salmonella
detecting salmonella
solution
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JP2004057054A (en
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慎吾 水落
貞宣 韮塚
哉 寺村
秀正 小高
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Nissui Seiyaku Co Ltd
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Nissui Seiyaku Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

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  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、食品等種々の検体中のサルモネラを、特殊な熟練や技術を必要とせず、短時間にかつ簡便に検出できる方法及びその方法に用いる培地に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来から行なわれているサルモネラの検出方法は、検体を前増菌培養培地(EEMブイヨン又は緩衝ペプトン水BPW)で35℃、20〜24時間培養後、この前増菌培養液の一部を選択増菌培地(ハーナテトラチオネート培地、ラパポート・バシリアディス培地等)に接種し、42℃で20〜24時間培養する。次いでこの選択増菌培養液の一部をサルモネラ選択分離培地であるMLCB寒天培地、DHL寒天培地、XLD寒天培地、Rambach寒天培地、SS寒天培地等の平板培地に塗抹し、35℃で18〜24時間培養し、サルモネラと疑われる集落をTSI寒天培地、LIM寒天培地等により確認する。さらに必要に応じて免疫学的試験で血清型判定やDNAプローブ法も行なう等煩雑で手間と時間のかかる方法である。そのため、検体中のサルモネラの存在は、前増菌培養、選択増菌培養、選択分離培地での塗抹を経た3日目以降にスクリーニングされることとなる。そのため、迅速又は簡易にサルモネラを検出する試みとして、(1)前増菌培養液に半流動選択培地を充填した容器の貫通口を接触させ、目的菌の運動性を利用することにより検出する方法(特開2001−136998)、(2)半流動選択培地に1白金耳(又は0.1mL)接種し、運動性により目的菌を検出する方法(Herman Goossens他. 1984. J. Clin. Microbiol. 19(6)、DIASALM)、(3)サルモネラ検出用シート状培地(特開2001−321196)等が報告されている。しかし、(1)は前増菌培養液に容器を入れるだけの簡易な操作で目的菌の検出が可能であるが、生培地のため保存性に問題がある、容器の貫通口より菌を釣菌しなければならないため目的菌の分離操作が困難である。(2)は半流動の生培地であるために保存性に問題があり、また検体を接種した後流れやすいので取り扱いに注意を要する。(3)は培養液の希釈操作が必要であり、選択分離培地の代わりに用いられるため迅速性に問題がある。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って本発明の目的は、より短時間かつ簡便にサルモネラを検出する方法を提供することにある。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで本発明者は、簡易乾燥培地によるサルモネラの検出について種々検討した結果、水可溶性ゲル化剤と菌体栄養成分に加えてpH指示薬とリジンデカルボキシラーゼ基質を担持させた乾燥培地を用い、まず被検試料を少量接種して培地の一部にのみ担持させ、次いで水を培地全体に浸透するように接種し、その後に培養すれば、サルモネラは運動性があるため培地中の一部に担持されたサルモネラが培地中を運動し、特に被検試料接種部分以外の部分において、サルモネラにより分泌されたリジンデカルボキシラーゼの作用による酵素反応及び発色反応が生起し、肉眼観察により、簡便かつ短時間でサルモネラが検出できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0005】
すなわち、本発明は、繊維質吸水性シートに少なくとも水可溶性ゲル化剤、菌体栄養成分、pH指示薬及びリジンデカルボキシラーゼ基質を担持してなる簡易乾燥培地を用いるサルモネラの検出法であって、被検試料液を当該培地の一部にのみ浸透する量接種し、次いで水又は水溶液を当該培地全体に浸透する量接種した後培養することを特徴とするサルモネラの検出法を提供するものである。
【0006】
また、本発明は、繊維質吸水性シートに少なくとも水可溶性ゲル化剤、菌体栄養成分、pH指示薬及びリジンデカルボキシラーゼ基質を担持してなるサルモネラ検出用簡易乾燥培地を提供するものである。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の検出対象であるサルモネラには、主に運動性を有しリジン脱炭酸反応を有する食中毒等の原因となる菌、例えばSalmonella Enteritidis、Salmonella Typhimurium等が含まれる。
【0008】
本発明に用いる簡易乾燥培地は、繊維質吸水性シートに少なくとも水可溶性ゲル化剤、菌体栄養成分、pH指示薬及びリジンデカルボキシラーゼ基質を担持する乾燥培地である。この培地には、さらに水に可溶な接着剤が担持されているのが好ましい。
【0009】
これらの簡易培地の具体例としては、例えば次の(1)〜(6)の簡易培地が挙げられる。
(1)防水性基体の上面部に、接着剤層、栄養成分を含む冷水可溶性ゲル化剤粉末層及びカバーシートを順次積層した培地(特開昭57−502200号公報)。
(2)防水性基体の上面部に、空気透過性膜、栄養成分を含む冷水可溶性ゲル化剤粉末層及びカバーシートを順次積層した培地(特開平3−15379号公報)。
(3)濾紙等に菌体栄養成分を含浸させ、その表面をカバーシートで覆ってなる検出紙(特開平2−65798号公報)。
(4)防水性平板の表面に冷水可溶性ゲル化剤と微生物培養基、繊維質吸水性シートを順次積層した培地(特開平6−181741号公報)。
(5)(a)水及びアルコールに可溶な接着剤、(b)水に可溶でアルコールに不溶なゲル化剤、及び(c)菌体栄養成分を含有する培地組成物を、該ゲル化剤より大きいメッシュを有する繊維状吸水性シートに担持させた簡易培地(特開平9−19282号公報)。
(6)(a)水及びアルコールに可溶な接着剤0.01〜0.4重量%、(b)水に可溶でアルコールに不溶なゲル化剤、及び(c)菌体栄養成分を含有するアルコール懸濁液を、防水性平板上に載置された該ゲル化剤の粒径より大きいメッシュを有する繊維質吸水性シートに含浸させ、これをアルコールの急速な蒸発を抑制しつつ乾燥して、吸水性シートを防水性平板に固着させてなる簡易培地(特開2000−325072公報)。
これらの簡易乾燥培地のうち、(5)及び(6)が好ましく、(6)が特に好ましい。
【0010】
ゲル化剤としては、水に可溶であればよいが、水に可溶でアルコールに不溶であるのが特に好ましく、例えばキサンタンガム、ローカストビーンガム、グアーガム、カラギーナン等の天然ゲル化剤、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース等の合成ゲル化物質が挙げられるが、なかでもキサンタンガムが特に好ましい。かかるゲル化剤は、平均粒径500μm以下、特に0.5〜50μmの粉体を使用するのが好ましい。
【0011】
培地組成物に必要に応じて用いられる接着剤としては、水に可溶であるのが好ましく、水及びアルコールに可溶なものが特に好ましく、例えば、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリエチレンオキサイド等が挙げられるが、なかでもヒドロキシプロピルセルロースが特に好ましい。
【0012】
また、菌体栄養成分としては、サルモネラの生育に適したものが選択される。例えば、肉エキス、ペプトン、酵母エキス等の栄養成分、糖類、及びサルモネラ以外の菌を抑制するための選択剤や抗生剤を含有する培地成分が用いられる。糖類としては、被検試料中に混在している可能性の高い大腸菌群が特に資化する乳糖及び白糖を用いるのが、サルモネラに対する選択性を向上させるうえで好ましい。選択剤としては、マラカイトグリーンや塩化マグネシウム、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム等のアルキル硫酸塩、胆汁酸塩類等が好ましい。さらに抗生剤としてはプロテウス属菌に有効なノボビオシンの添加が有効である。
【0013】
pH指示薬としては、サルモネラから分泌されたリジンデカルボキシラーゼによりその基質であるリジン類が脱炭酸されることによるpH変化(アルカリ化)を探知できる指示薬であればよく、例えばブロムクレゾールパープル、ブロムチモールブルー、フェノールレッド、ニュートラルレッド、リトマス等が挙げられる。
【0014】
また、リジンデカルボキシラーゼ基質としては、リジン、リジン含有オリゴペプチド及びそれらの塩が挙げられる。リジン含有オリゴペプチドとしては、リジンデカルボキシラーゼにより脱炭酸され得るカルボキシル基を有し、かつ脱炭酸により生成した物質がアルカリ性を示すものであればよく、リジン残基を有するジペプチド、トリペプチドが挙げられる。これらの塩としては、塩酸塩等が挙げられる。これらのうち、リジン塩酸塩が特に好ましい。
【0015】
また、本発明の培地には、サルモネラが硫化水素を産生する菌である性質を利用した検出用成分、例えばチオ硫酸塩及び第二鉄塩を含有させることができる。チオ硫酸塩としては、チオ硫酸ナトリウムが挙げられる。第二鉄塩としては、多塩基有機酸の第二鉄塩、例えばクエン酸鉄アンモニウム等が挙げられる。これらの成分が含まれていると、サルモネラが生成した硫化水素は、クエン酸鉄アンモニウムと反応して黒色の硫化鉄を形成し、培地が黒色となる。
【0016】
さらに、本発明の培地には、色の観察を容易にするために、前記pH指示薬以外の適当な発色剤、例えばトリフェニルテトラゾリウムクロライド、3−(p−ヨードフェニル)−2−(p−ニトロフェニル)−5−フェニル−2H−テトラゾリウムクロライド、3−(4,5−ジメチル−2−チアゾリル)−2,5−ジフェニル−2H−テトラゾリウムブロマイド等の色素;5−ブロモ−3−インドリル−β−D−ガラクトピラノシドや5−ブロモ−3−インドリル−α−D−ガラクトピラノシド、5−ブロモ−4−クロロ−3−インドリル−α−D−ガラクトピラノシド、5−ブロモ−6−クロロ−3−インドリル−α−D−ガラクトピラノシド等の酵素基質を含有することができる。
【0017】
本発明培地におけるゲル化剤の量は、サルモネラの運動性を阻害しない程度のゲル化を生起させる量であるのが好ましく、通常の簡易培地よりは少ないのが好ましい。具体的には、被検試料液及び水又は水溶液接種後の培地が半流動性培地状態となる量に調整するのが好ましい。
【0018】
培地調製時の培地組成物を懸濁するための媒体としてはアルコールが好ましく、例えばエタノール、2−プロパノール等が特に好ましい。
【0019】
上記培地組成物を担持させる繊維質吸水性シートは、接種された被検液が毛細管現象により容易に拡散し、かつ培地組成物中のゲル化剤をその網目構造中に担持できるものであるのが好ましい。繊維質吸水性シートはゲル化剤の粒径よりも大きいメッシュを有し、かつ厚さも当該粒径より厚いことが好ましく、例えば、網目の大きさが15〜100メッシュ、特に20〜50メッシュで、厚さが10〜1000μm、特に50〜600μmのものが好ましい。
【0020】
このような繊維質吸水性シートとしては、レーヨン不織布に代表される合成繊維不織布、コットン不織布に代表される天然繊維不織布等が挙げられる。これらのシートの形状は特に制限されず、正方形、長方形、円形等の何れであってもよい。またその大きさも特に制限されないが、長径1〜15cmのものが好ましい。
【0021】
上記繊維質吸水性シートを固着させる防水性平板としては、プラスチック、ガラス等の防水性の材質のものであれば何れでもかまわないが、外部からの観察のため透明のものが好ましい。
【0022】
本発明のサルモネラ検出法においては、まず被検試料液を前記培地の一部にのみ浸透する量接種する。被検試料液を培地全体に浸透する量接種してしまうと、サルモネラの運動性による選択性が得られず、正確な検出ができない。培地の一部のみとは、被検試料液が浸透しない部分が残存していればよいが、培地表面積の1/2以上が浸透しないで残存しているのが、サルモネラ検出のために好ましい。具体的な、被検試料液の接種量は、培地全体に浸透する量の1/100〜1/2で充分である。また、接種部位は、サルモネラの運動性を良好に検出するためには、培地の中央部よりも端部寄りの部位が好ましい。
【0023】
被検試料液としては、食品の水懸濁液、又は前培養液が挙げられる。本発明においては、必要に応じて前培養液(前増菌培養液)を用いればよい。ここで前培養としては、食品検体等の検査試料を前増菌培地(EEMブイヨン、緩衝ペプトン水BPW等)に10倍量となる量混和して35℃で20〜24時間培養を行なう方法が挙げられる。
【0024】
次に水又は水溶液を前記培地全体に浸透する量接種する。ここで、水としては精製水が好ましく、また水溶液としては、pH変化による発色に影響を与えない成分を含む水溶液が好ましい。培地全体に浸透する量は、培地の大きさ、空隙率などにより決定することができる。また、接種部位は、被検試料液接種部位と同じ部位でもよいが、被検試料液接種部位と異なる部位がサルモネラの分離性の点で好ましい。例えば、被検試料液を中央部より下方部に接種した場合には、水又は水溶液はその反対側に接種するのが好ましい。
【0025】
次いで培養に付し、培地の色を観察すれば、サルモネラが正確に検出できる。培養は41〜43℃で、20〜24時間、静置、さらには倒置して好気的に行なうのが好ましい。
【0026】
このように簡易培地の一部に被検試料液を接種すると、被検試料中の微生物がメッシュ間に担持される。その後、多量の水を接種すると培地全体が膨潤ゲル化する。担持された微生物のうち、運動性のあるサルモネラは、ゲル化した培地中を運動し、被検試料接種部位とは異なる部位へと移動する。当該部位でサルモネラにより分泌されたリジンデカルボキシラーゼによりその基質の脱炭酸がおこり、その部位の液性がアルカリ側に変化するためpH指示薬により色の変化が生じる。かくして、サルモネラが簡便かつ短時間で検出できる。
【0027】
このように被検試料接種部位から離れた部位では、サルモネラのみが増殖しているので、サルモネラのみを釣菌することができ、釣菌したサルモネラを常法により分離培養試験、血清学的、生化学的鑑別試験に付すことができる。
【0028】
【実施例】
次に実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明は何らこれに限定されるものではない。
【0029】
実施例1
(1)簡易培地の作製
ペプトン21g、酵母エキス1g、乳糖10g、白糖10g、pH指示薬(ニュートラルレッド)0.03g、マラカイトグリーン0.036g、塩化マグネシウム13.58g、クエン酸ナトリウム1g、クエン酸鉄アンモニウム1g、チオ硫酸ナトリウム2g、発色酵素基質(5−ブロモ−4−クロロ−3−インドリル−α−D−ガラクトピラノシド)0.3g、L−リジン塩酸塩5g、ノボビオシン0.02g、キサンタンガム15gをヒドロキシプロピルセルロース1g含有するエタノール溶液1000mLに加え、懸濁液とした。このエタノール懸濁液を1mLずつ繊維質吸水性シート(50φmm)を収納した容器(50φmm)に分注し乾燥した後、ふたをして簡易培地を作製した。本培地を乾燥剤と共にアルミ包材に密封包装した後、表面線量10〜20kGyのγ線照射を行なって滅菌した。
(2)被検試料
鶏むねひき肉
(3)簡易培地への接種
鶏むねひき肉25gをEEMブイヨン225mLで前増菌培養を35℃で24時間行なった後、(1)の培地に接種した。その方法は、以下に示す5種類とした。試料接種量は1mL、0.1mL、0.05mL、0.025mL、0.01mL、0.005mLの6段階、滅菌水は1mL注加した。
(A)中心部に試料を接種→滅菌精製水を接種箇所を避けてゆっくり注加。
(B)端部に試料を接種→滅菌精製水を反対側より注加。
(C)中心部に試料を接種→同一箇所から滅菌精製水を注加。
(D)滅菌精製水1mL注加→中心部に試料を接種。
(E)原液から8倍まで10倍段階希釈したものを1mL接種。
(4)観察接種後42℃で18時間培養し、簡易培地を観察した。
(5)確認
簡易培地から一白金耳釣菌し、MLCB(ニッスイ)、Rambach Agar(Merck)で画線培養した。
(6)結果
結果を表1及び2に示す。
【0030】
【表1】

Figure 0004147063
【0031】
表1のように、接種方法(A)〜(E)のいずれにおいても培地の黄変が認められ、サルモネラの存在は確認できた。しかしながら、(D)法では滅菌水注加後菌が流れやすい傾向が認められた。
【0032】
【表2】
Figure 0004147063
【0033】
表2より、サルモネラが比較的他の夾雑菌を排除した、純培養に近い状態で分離されたのは、試料接種後と滅菌水を注加した(A)〜(C)の方法、特に(A)と(B)の方法が良好であった。サルモネラが運動性により移動した接種部から離れたところを釣菌した場合、分離性が極めて良好であった。ただし、試料の接種量が多い場合(1mL)は、試料の希釈操作を行なわなければ分離不可能であった。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、食品等の多くの夾雑菌が共存する検体から、サルモネラを簡便かつ短時間で正確に検出できる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method capable of detecting Salmonella in various specimens such as foods in a short time and simply without requiring special skills and techniques, and a medium used in the method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A conventional method for detecting Salmonella is to cultivate a specimen in a pre-enrichment culture medium (EEM bouillon or buffered peptone water BPW) at 35 ° C. for 20 to 24 hours, and then select a part of this pre-enrichment culture solution. Inoculate in an enrichment medium (Hanatetrathionate medium, Rapaport Basilidis medium, etc.) and incubate at 42 ° C. for 20-24 hours. Next, a part of this selective enrichment culture solution is smeared on a plate medium such as an MLCB agar medium, a DHL agar medium, an XLD agar medium, a Rambach agar medium, an SS agar medium, or the like, which is a Salmonella selective separation medium, and 18 to 24 at 35 ° C. Culture for a long time, and confirm the colony suspected of Salmonella using TSI agar medium, LIM agar medium, or the like. Furthermore, it is a complicated and time-consuming method such as performing serotype determination and DNA probe method in immunological tests as necessary. Therefore, the presence of Salmonella in the specimen is screened after the third day after the pre-enrichment culture, selective enrichment culture, and smearing with the selective separation medium. Therefore, as an attempt to detect Salmonella quickly or simply, (1) a method of detecting by making contact with the through-hole of a container filled with a semi-fluid selective medium in a pre-enrichment culture solution and utilizing the motility of the target bacteria (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-136998), (2) A method in which one platinum loop (or 0.1 mL) is inoculated into a semi-fluid selective medium and a target bacterium is detected by motility (Herman Goossens et al. 1984. J. Clin. Microbiol. 19 (6), DIASALM), (3) Salmonella detection sheet medium (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-321196), and the like have been reported. However, in (1), the target bacteria can be detected with a simple operation by simply placing the container in the pre-enrichment culture solution. However, because it is a raw medium, there is a problem in storage stability. It is difficult to separate the target bacteria because they must be killed. Since (2) is a semi-fluid raw medium, there is a problem in storage stability, and it is easy to flow after inoculating the specimen, so handling is necessary. (3) requires a diluting operation of the culture solution and has a problem in rapidity because it is used instead of the selective separation medium.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting Salmonella in a shorter time and more easily.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, as a result of various investigations on the detection of Salmonella using a simple dry medium, the present inventor first used a dry medium carrying a pH indicator and a lysine decarboxylase substrate in addition to a water-soluble gelling agent and cell nutrients. If a small amount of the test sample is inoculated and supported on only a part of the medium, then water is inoculated so as to penetrate the entire medium, and then cultured, Salmonella is supported on a part of the medium because it is motile. Salmonella moves in the medium, and enzyme reaction and color reaction occur due to the action of lysine decarboxylase secreted by Salmonella, especially in parts other than the test sample inoculation part. Has been found to be detectable, and the present invention has been completed.
[0005]
That is, the present invention is a method for detecting Salmonella using a simple dry medium comprising at least a water-soluble gelling agent, a cell nutrient component, a pH indicator, and a lysine decarboxylase substrate on a fibrous water absorbent sheet. The present invention provides a method for detecting Salmonella, characterized by inoculating a test sample solution in an amount that penetrates only a part of the medium, and then inoculating water or an aqueous solution in an amount that penetrates the entire medium.
[0006]
The present invention also provides a simple dry medium for detecting Salmonella, comprising a fibrous water-absorbent sheet carrying at least a water-soluble gelling agent, a microbial nutrient, a pH indicator, and a lysine decarboxylase substrate.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Salmonella which is a detection target of the present invention includes bacteria that cause motility and cause food poisoning having lysine decarboxylation, such as Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, and the like.
[0008]
The simple dry medium used in the present invention is a dry medium in which a fibrous water-absorbent sheet carries at least a water-soluble gelling agent, fungal nutrient components, a pH indicator, and a lysine decarboxylase substrate. This medium preferably further carries a water-soluble adhesive.
[0009]
Specific examples of these simple media include, for example, the following simple media (1) to (6).
(1) A medium in which an adhesive layer, a cold water-soluble gelling agent powder layer containing nutrient components, and a cover sheet are sequentially laminated on the upper surface of a waterproof substrate (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-502200).
(2) A medium in which an air-permeable membrane, a cold water-soluble gelling agent powder layer containing a nutrient component, and a cover sheet are sequentially laminated on the top surface of a waterproof substrate (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-15379).
(3) Detection paper in which filter paper or the like is impregnated with fungal nutrient components and the surface thereof is covered with a cover sheet (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-65798).
(4) A medium in which a cold water soluble gelling agent, a microorganism culture medium, and a fibrous water-absorbent sheet are sequentially laminated on the surface of a waterproof flat plate (JP-A-6-181741).
(5) (a) an adhesive that is soluble in water and alcohol, (b) a gelling agent that is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol, and (c) a culture medium composition containing microbial nutrients, A simple medium (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-19282) supported on a fibrous water-absorbent sheet having a mesh larger than the agent.
(6) (a) 0.01-0.4% by weight of an adhesive soluble in water and alcohol, (b) a gelling agent soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol, and (c) a cell nutrient The alcohol suspension contained is impregnated into a fibrous water absorbent sheet having a mesh larger than the particle size of the gelling agent placed on a waterproof flat plate, and dried while suppressing rapid evaporation of alcohol. And the simple culture medium which makes a water absorbing sheet adhere to a waterproof flat plate (Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2000-325072).
Of these simple dry media, (5) and (6) are preferred, and (6) is particularly preferred.
[0010]
The gelling agent may be water-soluble, but is particularly preferably water-soluble and insoluble in alcohol. For example, natural gelling agents such as xanthan gum, locust bean gum, guar gum, and carrageenan, hydroxyethyl cellulose Synthetic gelling substances such as xanthan gum are particularly preferable. As such a gelling agent, it is preferable to use a powder having an average particle size of 500 μm or less, particularly 0.5 to 50 μm.
[0011]
The adhesive used as necessary in the medium composition is preferably soluble in water, particularly preferably soluble in water and alcohol, such as hydroxypropylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, and the like. Among them, hydroxypropyl cellulose is particularly preferable.
[0012]
Moreover, what is suitable for growth of Salmonella is selected as a microbial cell nutrient component. For example, nutrient components such as meat extract, peptone, yeast extract, etc., saccharides, and media components containing selective agents and antibiotics for inhibiting bacteria other than Salmonella are used. As the saccharides, lactose and sucrose that are particularly assimilated by coliforms that are likely to be mixed in the test sample are preferably used in order to improve selectivity for Salmonella. As the selective agent, malachite green, magnesium chloride, alkyl sulfates such as sodium lauryl sulfate, bile salts and the like are preferable. As an antibiotic, addition of novobiocin effective against Proteus spp. Is effective.
[0013]
The pH indicator may be any indicator that can detect pH change (alkalization) due to decarboxylation of lysine as a substrate by lysine decarboxylase secreted from Salmonella. For example, bromcresol purple, bromthymol blue , Phenol red, neutral red, litmus and the like.
[0014]
Examples of the lysine decarboxylase substrate include lysine, lysine-containing oligopeptides and salts thereof. The lysine-containing oligopeptide is not particularly limited as long as it has a carboxyl group that can be decarboxylated by lysine decarboxylase, and the substance produced by decarboxylation exhibits alkalinity, and examples thereof include dipeptides and tripeptides having lysine residues. . These salts include hydrochlorides and the like. Of these, lysine hydrochloride is particularly preferred.
[0015]
In addition, the medium of the present invention may contain components for detection that utilize the property that Salmonella is a bacterium that produces hydrogen sulfide, such as thiosulfate and ferric salt. Examples of the thiosulfate include sodium thiosulfate. Examples of the ferric salt include ferric salts of polybasic organic acids such as ammonium iron citrate. When these components are contained, hydrogen sulfide generated by Salmonella reacts with ammonium iron citrate to form black iron sulfide, and the medium becomes black.
[0016]
Further, in the medium of the present invention, in order to facilitate color observation, a suitable color former other than the pH indicator, such as triphenyltetrazolium chloride, 3- (p-iodophenyl) -2- (p-nitro, A dye such as phenyl) -5-phenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride, 3- (4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl) -2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide; 5-bromo-3-indolyl-β- D-galactopyranoside, 5-bromo-3-indolyl-α-D-galactopyranoside, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-α-D-galactopyranoside, 5-bromo-6 Enzyme substrates such as -chloro-3-indolyl-α-D-galactopyranoside can be included.
[0017]
The amount of the gelling agent in the medium of the present invention is preferably an amount that causes gelation to such an extent that does not inhibit Salmonella motility, and is preferably less than that of a normal simple medium. Specifically, it is preferable to adjust the amount of the test sample solution and the medium after inoculation with water or an aqueous solution to a semi-fluid medium state.
[0018]
As a medium for suspending the medium composition at the time of preparing the medium, alcohol is preferable, and ethanol, 2-propanol and the like are particularly preferable.
[0019]
The fibrous water-absorbent sheet that supports the above-mentioned medium composition is such that the inoculated test solution can be easily diffused by capillary action and the gelling agent in the medium composition can be supported in the network structure. Is preferred. The fibrous water absorbent sheet has a mesh larger than the particle size of the gelling agent, and the thickness is preferably larger than the particle size. For example, the mesh size is 15 to 100 mesh, particularly 20 to 50 mesh. The thickness is preferably 10 to 1000 μm, particularly 50 to 600 μm.
[0020]
Examples of such fibrous water absorbent sheets include synthetic fiber nonwoven fabrics typified by rayon nonwoven fabrics, natural fiber nonwoven fabrics typified by cotton nonwoven fabrics, and the like. The shape of these sheets is not particularly limited, and may be any of square, rectangle, circle and the like. The size is not particularly limited, but those having a major axis of 1 to 15 cm are preferable.
[0021]
The waterproof flat plate to which the fibrous water-absorbent sheet is fixed may be any waterproof material such as plastic or glass, but is preferably transparent for external observation.
[0022]
In the Salmonella detection method of the present invention, first, a test sample solution is inoculated in an amount that penetrates only a part of the medium. If the test sample solution is inoculated in an amount that penetrates the entire medium, selectivity due to the motility of Salmonella cannot be obtained, and accurate detection cannot be performed. Only a part of the culture medium should be a part where the test sample solution does not penetrate, but it is preferable for Salmonella detection that half or more of the culture medium surface area does not penetrate. Specifically, the inoculation amount of the test sample solution is sufficient to be 1/100 to 1/2 of the amount penetrating the whole medium. Moreover, in order to detect the motility of Salmonella satisfactorily, the inoculation site is preferably a site closer to the end than the center of the medium.
[0023]
Examples of the test sample solution include an aqueous suspension of food or a preculture solution. In the present invention, a preculture solution (pre-enriched culture solution) may be used as necessary. Here, as the preculture, there is a method in which a test sample such as a food sample is mixed with a pre-enrichment medium (EEM bouillon, buffered peptone water BPW, etc.) in an amount of 10 times and cultured at 35 ° C. for 20 to 24 hours. Can be mentioned.
[0024]
Next, an amount of water or an aqueous solution is inoculated to penetrate the entire medium. Here, purified water is preferred as the water, and an aqueous solution containing a component that does not affect color development due to pH change is preferred. The amount penetrating the entire medium can be determined by the size of the medium, the porosity, and the like. The inoculation site may be the same site as the test sample solution inoculation site, but a site different from the test sample solution inoculation site is preferable in terms of salmonella separation. For example, when the test sample solution is inoculated below the central portion, it is preferable to inoculate water or an aqueous solution on the opposite side.
[0025]
Subsequent culture and observation of the color of the medium allows accurate detection of Salmonella. Culturing is preferably carried out at 41 to 43 ° C. for 20 to 24 hours, standing still, and further aerobically inversion.
[0026]
Thus, when a test sample solution is inoculated into a part of the simple medium, microorganisms in the test sample are supported between the meshes. Thereafter, when a large amount of water is inoculated, the entire medium swells and gels. Among the supported microorganisms, the salmonella having mobility moves in the gelled medium and moves to a site different from the test sample inoculation site. The substrate is decarboxylated by lysine decarboxylase secreted by Salmonella at this site, and the liquidity at that site changes to the alkaline side, so that the pH indicator changes the color. Thus, Salmonella can be detected easily and in a short time.
[0027]
In this way, only Salmonella is proliferating at the site away from the test sample inoculation site, so that only Salmonella can be fished. Can be subjected to chemical differential testing.
[0028]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Next, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated further in detail, this invention is not limited to this at all.
[0029]
Example 1
(1) Preparation of simple medium 21 g of peptone, 1 g of yeast extract, 10 g of lactose, 10 g of sucrose, 0.03 g of pH indicator (neutral red), 0.036 g of malachite green, 13.58 g of magnesium chloride, 1 g of sodium citrate, iron citrate Ammonium 1 g, sodium thiosulfate 2 g, chromogenic enzyme substrate (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-α-D-galactopyranoside) 0.3 g, L-lysine hydrochloride 5 g, novobiocin 0.02 g, xanthan gum 15 g was added to 1000 mL of an ethanol solution containing 1 g of hydroxypropylcellulose to obtain a suspension. 1 ml of this ethanol suspension was dispensed into a container (50φmm) containing a fibrous water-absorbent sheet (50φmm), dried, and then covered to prepare a simple medium. The medium was hermetically packaged in an aluminum wrapping material together with a desiccant, and then sterilized by irradiating with a surface dose of 10 to 20 kGy.
(2) Test sample chicken breast minced meat (3) Inoculation on simple medium 25 g of chicken breast minced meat was preincubated with 225 mL of EEM broth at 35 ° C. for 24 hours, and then inoculated into the medium of (1). The following five methods were used. Sample inoculation amounts were 1 mL, 0.1 mL, 0.05 mL, 0.025 mL, 0.01 mL, and 0.005 mL, and 1 mL of sterile water was added.
(A) Inoculate the sample in the center → Slowly add sterile purified water avoiding the inoculation site.
(B) Inoculate the sample at the end → add sterile purified water from the opposite side.
(C) Inoculate the sample in the center → add sterile purified water from the same location.
(D) Add 1 mL of sterilized purified water → Inoculate sample in the center.
(E) 1 mL of 10-fold serial dilution from stock solution to 8 times.
(4) After inoculation, the cells were cultured at 42 ° C. for 18 hours, and a simple medium was observed.
(5) One platinum looped fungus was confirmed from the confirmed simple medium and streaked with MLCB (Nissui) and Rambach Agar (Merck).
(6) The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
[0030]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004147063
[0031]
As shown in Table 1, yellowing of the medium was observed in any of the inoculation methods (A) to (E), and the presence of Salmonella was confirmed. However, in the method (D), there was a tendency for the bacteria to easily flow after the sterilized water injection.
[0032]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004147063
[0033]
From Table 2, Salmonella was isolated in a state close to pure culture in which other contaminants were relatively excluded, and the methods (A) to (C) in which sterilized water was added after sample inoculation, particularly ( The methods A) and (B) were good. When Salmonella fished away from the inoculation part moved by motility, the separability was very good. However, when the amount of inoculated sample was large (1 mL), separation was impossible unless the sample was diluted.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, Salmonella can be detected easily and accurately in a short time from a sample in which many contaminants such as foods coexist.

Claims (5)

繊維質吸水性シートの網目構造中に、少なくとも水可溶性ゲル化剤、菌体栄養成分、pH指示薬及びリジンデカルボキシラーゼ基質を担持してなる簡易乾燥培地を用いるサルモネラの検出法であって、(1)当該培地全体に浸透する1/100〜1/10量の被検試料液を当該培地の中心部に接種し、次いで当該培地全体に浸透する量の水又は水溶液を接種箇所を避けて注加するか、(2)当該培地全体に浸透する1/100〜1/10量の被検試料液を当該培地の端部に接種し、次いで当該培地全体に浸透する量の水又は水溶液を反対側より注加した後培養し、被験試料液接種部位と異なる部位におけるpH指示薬による色の変化を観察することを特徴とするサルモネラの検出法。The network structure of fibrous absorbent sheet, a method of detecting Salmonella using at least water-soluble gelling agent, cell nutrients, simple drying medium comprising carrying pH indicator and lysine decarboxylase substrate, (1 ) Inoculate the center of the medium with 1/100 to 1/10 of the sample solution that penetrates the entire medium, and then add water or an aqueous solution that penetrates the entire medium around the inoculation site. (2) Inoculate the end of the culture medium with 1/100 to 1/10 volume of the sample solution penetrating the whole medium, and then inject the water or aqueous solution in the quantity penetrating the whole medium. A method for detecting Salmonella, characterized by observing a color change caused by a pH indicator at a site different from the test sample solution inoculation site. 被検試料液が、被検体懸濁液又は被検体前培養液である請求項1記載のサルモネラの検出法。  The method for detecting Salmonella according to claim 1, wherein the test sample solution is a sample suspension or a sample preculture solution. リジンデカルボキシラーゼ基質が、リジン、リジン含有オリゴペプチド又はそれらの塩である請求項1又は2記載のサルモネラの検出法。  The method for detecting Salmonella according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lysine decarboxylase substrate is lysine, a lysine-containing oligopeptide or a salt thereof. 簡易乾燥培地が、さらに乳糖及び白糖を担持するものである請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載のサルモネラの検出法。  The method for detecting Salmonella according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the simple dry medium further carries lactose and sucrose. 簡易乾燥培地が、さらに水に可溶な接着剤を担持するものである請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載のサルモネラの検出法。  The method for detecting Salmonella according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the simple dry medium further carries a water-soluble adhesive.
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