JP4146499B1 - Method for improving fuel consumption of internal combustion engine by adding minute water droplets to fuel and water droplet adding apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

In a method or apparatus for improving fuel efficiency by dispersing minute water droplets in fuel, the adjustment thereof is facilitated.
In order to obtain fine water droplets, water vapor is produced, and in the process of cooling, water vapor is uniformly dispersed to form fine water droplets, which are supplied together with fuel to cause a water vapor explosion. The amount of fine water droplets to be sucked is in the range of 0.1 to 5% by weight of water to fuel. At the start of inhalation of minute water droplets, the negative pressure in the intake manifold is detected at 20 mmHg, and the valve attached to the steam supply pipe is turned off. Let The vapor generating part of the evaporation pipe that supplies minute water droplets into the fuel is disposed in the exhaust path, and the vapor supply part (vapor intake part) of the evaporation pipe is disposed in the intake path. The heating part of the evaporation pipe that supplies minute water droplets into the fuel of the internal combustion engine is arranged in the exhaust passage of the exhaust manifold, and the steam supply part (steam suction part) of the evaporation pipe is arranged in the intake passage of the intake manifold. .
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  More specifically, the fuel efficiency improving method for an internal combustion engine and the apparatus therefor are described. Specifically, steam is generated by using waste heat of exhaust gas in the exhaust manifold of the internal combustion engine, and is sucked into the air flow at the carburetor or the intake manifold. Further, the present invention relates to a technique for improving fuel economy and reducing harmful components of exhaust gas by burning air, water and fine water droplets liquefied in water vapor in a combustion chamber.

  The internal combustion engine refers to an internal combustion engine used as a power source such as a gasoline internal combustion engine, a diesel internal combustion engine, or a rotary internal combustion engine, and the fuel is a fuel used for an internal combustion engine such as gasoline, light oil, heavy oil, alcohol, propane gas, or the like. Is included.

  As global warming becomes a problem, efforts are being made to reduce carbon dioxide emissions as a countermeasure against global warming. In February 2005, an international treaty that promises to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and the Kyoto Protocol entered into force, and the worldwide obligation to reduce carbon dioxide emissions is in full swing.

  Transportation machinery using internal combustion engines, especially in the automobile industry, working on reducing CO2 emissions by improving fuel efficiency by improving internal combustion engines, reducing vehicle weight, and developing hybrid vehicles that combine internal combustion engine drive and battery drive. However, the production and spread of automobiles is increasing year by year, and it is difficult to reduce carbon dioxide emissions with a slight improvement in fuel efficiency. In order to solve this problem, it is indispensable to develop an innovative fuel efficiency improving method or fuel efficiency improving apparatus for an internal combustion engine.

  Various techniques for improving fuel efficiency by dispersing minute water droplets in fuel have recently been proposed in order to improve fuel efficiency. As one of the methods, an emulsified fuel in which water droplets are emulsified by adding an additive has been developed (Patent Document 1).

  Also, a device that improves the fuel efficiency by mixing water droplets in the fuel and causing a steam explosion in the internal combustion engine, for example, an internal combustion engine such as a gasoline engine or a diesel engine, is provided with an injection nozzle at the cylinder head to burn the fuel. Injecting water in accordance with the timing of water to cause a steam explosion (Cited document 2), water or heated water or steam as steam compressed in the engine, igniting fuel such as gasoline and inducing steam explosion (quoted) Document 3) has been proposed.

Published patent 2003-518550 JP 2001-12310 A JP 2002-213304 A

  The emulsified fuel has been recognized as effective in reducing NOx in exhaust gas, but is not mentioned in improving fuel consumption. Moreover, it is difficult to obtain such a special fuel form easily at a popular fueling station.

  In addition, in the case of using a steam explosion, when water enters the fuel, a knock phenomenon occurs and the internal combustion engine does not rotate smoothly, so that the mixing of water into the fuel is avoided as much as possible. For this reason, it is difficult to adjust the amount of water droplets and the timing of injection.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to facilitate adjustment of a method or apparatus for improving fuel efficiency by dispersing minute water droplets in fuel.

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned problems, the inventor has conducted extensive research using an automobile internal combustion engine, and by adding minute water droplets to a mixed gas of fuel and air, the internal combustion engine speed during idling is increased by about 20%. I found it to be. Increasing the rotation speed despite the constant fuel supply amount means an increase in combustion efficiency.

  The amount of minute water droplets to be sucked is controlled by the number of revolutions of the internal combustion engine so that the weight ratio of water to fuel is in the range of 0.1 to 5%, and it is detected that the negative pressure in the intake manifold has become 20 mmHg. The stop valve attached to the steam supply pipe is turned off, the pressure in the manifold is detected to be 20 mmHg or more, and the stop valve is turned on. At the same time, the advance angle range of the distributor when inhaling fine water droplets is 10 to 30 degrees. Adjust the ignition timing.

  In the present invention, a phenomenon is used in which water vapor is once generated in order to obtain fine water droplets, and fine water droplets are uniformly dispersed in the process of cooling. High-temperature exhaust from an internal combustion engine was used as a means for generating steam, and a small-diameter metal pipe was inserted into the exhaust manifold, and heated steam was obtained by passing water through the metal pipe. The metal may be a metal having heat resistance, corrosion resistance, and high thermal conductivity. Of course, it is also possible to obtain water vapor by providing a separate heat source. Further, a nozzle that forms a spray may be used to obtain uniform fine water droplets.

  The amount of minute water droplets was adjusted by providing a needle valve between the water tank and the exhaust manifold and adjusting the valve opening. A water tank is provided in the lower part of the internal combustion engine, and when gravity cannot be used for water supply, a water supply pump is used.

  The amount of fine water droplets to be sucked is effective when the weight ratio of water to the fuel is in the range of 0.1 to 5%, but is preferably selected in the range of 2.5 to 3.5%. Since the fuel consumption varies depending on the internal combustion engine speed, the opening degree of the needle valve is adjusted to be proportional to the internal combustion engine speed so that the amount of minute water droplets inhaled at a substantially constant ratio to the fuel supply amount is sucked. To.

  The selection of the minute water droplet inlet at the center of the carburetor air horn is effective for an internal combustion engine of a type that vaporizes fuel using a carburetor. Further, since the water vapor supply pipe can be inserted from the center of the air cleaner, it is effective as a processing condition.

  Selecting the minute water droplet inlet as the inlet of the intake manifold is effective for a fuel injection type internal combustion engine.

  Both of the above systems install a pressure gauge on the intake manifold, detect a negative pressure of 20 mmHg in the intake manifold, and turn off the stop valve attached to the water vapor supply pipe to start inhaling fine water droplets. . The negative pressure is generated when the internal combustion engine speed is about 1,200 rpm or more. Further, when the pressure in the intake manifold is detected to be 20 mmHg or more and the stop valve is turned on, the intake of water vapor is stopped. That is, it is important that the supply of minute water droplets is performed only when the internal combustion engine is operating at a certain rotational speed or more.

  If the water vapor supply valve is opened before the internal combustion engine is started, relatively large water droplets are sucked into the mixed gas at the time of start, and the start of the internal combustion engine becomes unstable. If minute water droplets continue to be fed after the internal combustion engine is stopped, the internal combustion engine continues to rotate with a knock phenomenon despite the absence of an ignition spark.

  It is effective to start the internal combustion engine, detect a negative pressure of 20 mmHg in the intake manifold and start sucking minute water droplets, and advance the ignition timing by 10 to 30 degrees by adjusting the distributor. This is because, as will be described later, since the minute water droplets cause a steam explosion due to the combustion heat of the fuel, it is necessary to advance the combustion start time in order to make maximum use of the volume expansion due to the explosion.

  In the present invention, water of 0.1 to 5% by weight with respect to the fuel is vaporized, converted into fine water droplets, and sucked into the air stream. When the mixed gas of fuel, air, and fine water droplets is ignited, the fuel starts to burn, and the high temperature of the combustion heat causes vaporization of the fine water droplets, that is, steam explosion.

  The minute water droplets are sucked into the fuel / air mixture, and the vaporization of the minute water droplets caused by the combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, that is, the expansion of the gas mixture by the combustion is promoted by the steam explosion, and the combustion efficiency is increased. Doing so will improve fuel efficiency.

  By using the waste heat of the combustion exhaust gas as a heat source for generating steam, a more efficient system is obtained.

  The exhaust gas analysis results showed that the CO concentration was 1.5% → 0.5% and the HC concentration was 250ppm → 100ppm during normal operation and steam addition operation, and the reduction of toxic components in the exhaust gas was measured. .

  Inhalation of minute water droplets is started by detecting a negative pressure of 20 mmHg or less in the intake manifold. At the same time, the electromagnetic switch for additional advance is operated, and the ignition timing is advanced by 10 to 30 degrees by adjusting the distributor. Since the intake of water vapor and the adjustment of the ignition timing are performed simultaneously, the rotation is maintained extremely smoothly.

  Since the amount of water to be fed is about 3% of the fuel weight, several liters of water may be replenished to the water tank when refueling at the filling station.

  Even if the water in the water tank runs out and the water is not supplied, the internal combustion engine will continue to rotate if there is fuel. Therefore, the condition of the steam generator's evaporation pipe melting or the ignition timing being advanced continues. Cause inconvenience. Checking the amount of water is more important than checking the fuel, and measures such as providing a water meter 20 in the water tank and issuing an alarm below a certain level are necessary.

  The amount of minute water droplets to be sucked is controlled by the number of revolutions of the internal combustion engine so that the weight ratio of water to fuel is in the range of 0.1 to 5%, and it is detected that the negative pressure in the intake manifold has become 20 mmHg. The stop valve attached to the steam supply pipe is turned off, the pressure in the manifold is detected to be 20 mmHg or more, and the stop valve is turned on. At the same time, the advance angle range of the distributor when inhaling fine water droplets is 10 to 30 degrees. Adjust the ignition timing.

  In the present invention, a phenomenon is used in which water vapor is once generated in order to obtain fine water droplets, and fine water droplets are uniformly dispersed in the process of cooling. High-temperature exhaust from an internal combustion engine was used as a means for generating steam, and a small-diameter metal pipe was inserted into the exhaust manifold, and heated steam was obtained by passing water through the metal pipe. The metal may be a metal having heat resistance, corrosion resistance, and high thermal conductivity. Of course, it is also possible to obtain water vapor by providing a separate heat source. Further, a nozzle that forms a spray may be used to obtain uniform fine water droplets.

  The amount of minute water droplets was adjusted by providing a needle valve between the water tank and the exhaust manifold and adjusting the valve opening. A water tank is provided in the lower part of the internal combustion engine, and when gravity cannot be used for water supply, a water supply pump is used.

  The amount of fine water droplets to be sucked is effective when the weight ratio of water to the fuel is in the range of 0.1 to 5%, but is preferably selected in the range of 2.5 to 3.5%. Since the fuel consumption varies depending on the internal combustion engine speed, the opening degree of the needle valve is adjusted to be proportional to the internal combustion engine speed so that the amount of minute water droplets inhaled at a substantially constant ratio to the fuel supply amount is sucked. To.

  The selection of the minute water droplet inlet at the center of the carburetor air horn is effective for an internal combustion engine of a type that vaporizes fuel using a carburetor. Further, since the water vapor supply pipe can be inserted from the center of the air cleaner, it is effective as a processing condition.

  Selecting the minute water droplet inlet as the inlet of the intake manifold is effective for a fuel injection type internal combustion engine.

  Both of the above systems install a pressure gauge on the intake manifold, detect a negative pressure of 20 mmHg in the intake manifold, and turn off the stop valve attached to the water vapor supply pipe to start inhaling fine water droplets. . The negative pressure is generated when the internal combustion engine speed is about 1,200 rpm or more. Further, when the pressure in the intake manifold is detected to be 20 mmHg or more and the stop valve is turned on, the intake of water vapor is stopped. That is, it is important that the supply of minute water droplets is performed only when the internal combustion engine is operating at a certain rotational speed or more.

  If the water vapor supply valve is opened before the internal combustion engine is started, relatively large water droplets are sucked into the mixed gas at the time of start, and the start of the internal combustion engine becomes unstable. If minute water droplets continue to be fed after the internal combustion engine is stopped, the internal combustion engine continues to rotate with a knock phenomenon despite the absence of an ignition spark.

  It is effective to start the internal combustion engine, detect a negative pressure of 20 mmHg in the intake manifold and start sucking minute water droplets, and advance the ignition timing by 10 to 30 degrees by adjusting the distributor. This is because, as will be described later, since the minute water droplets cause a steam explosion due to the combustion heat of the fuel, it is necessary to advance the combustion start time in order to make maximum use of the volume expansion due to the explosion.

  In the present invention, water of 0.1 to 5% by weight with respect to the fuel is vaporized, converted into fine water droplets, and sucked into the air stream. When the mixed gas of fuel, air, and fine water droplets is ignited, the fuel starts to burn, and the high temperature of the combustion heat causes vaporization of the fine water droplets, that is, steam explosion.

  FIG. 1 is a system diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. This embodiment is an example in which the fuel efficiency improving apparatus of the present invention is applied to an internal combustion engine using a carburetor for supplying fuel. The internal combustion engine is similar to a conventional internal combustion engine in that a fuel supply device, a combustion (ignition) ) Device, and a fuel supply / exhaust device comprising a water supply unit, a steam generation unit, and a water droplet supply unit, and a water supply system disposed in a pump exhaust path in a water tank. It is supplied to a heat exchanger composed of pipes, heated in the heat exchanger to become steam, supplied to the exhaust passage of the air cleaner placed in the intake passage, and vaporized by a carburetor that vaporizes the fuel supplied by the fuel pump The mixed fuel is supplied to the engine.

《Water supply unit》
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the water supply unit includes an evaporation pipe disposed in an exhaust manifold 9 constituting an exhaust device of an internal combustion engine, a water tank 11 for storing water to be supplied to the evaporation pipe, and a water tank 11 It consists of a water supply pipe 4 for quantitatively supplying water to the water drop supply unit, an ON-OFF valve 2 provided in the water supply pipe 4, a water amount adjusting valve 3, a water supply pipe 4, and a backflow prevention check valve 5. Yes.

《Steam generation unit》
As shown in FIG. 2, the steam generating part is composed of a water supply pipe 4, an evaporation pipe 7 and an exhaust manifold 9, and water heated to a high temperature by a heating part facing the exhaust path is converted into steam. The water is separated into hot water, steam is supplied to the fuel supply path via the air cleaner 15, and the hot water is returned to the water tank.

  FIG. 3 shows a state in which the evaporation pipe 7 is attached in the exhaust passage, and a pipe joint 8 for flowing the water sent by the water supply pipe 4 to the evaporation pipe 7 is provided on the side wall of the exhaust pipe 6. Is provided. FIG. 4 shows a state in which the evaporation pipe 7 is attached to the exhaust manifold 9, and a coil portion formed in a part of the evaporation pipe 7 is positioned at a collecting portion of the exhaust passage and is always exposed to high-temperature exhaust gas. Arrange so that.

《Water drop supply unit》
As shown in FIG. 4, the water droplet supply unit is composed of an evaporation pipe 7 and a steam discharge part formed at the end of the evaporation pipe 7, and the water vapor separated from the hot water in the steam generation part is supplied to an air cleaner. It discharges in the filtration air outlet provided in the center part of 15, and cools water vapor | steam and forms a fine water droplet.

  In the water droplet supply device having the above-described configuration, the water filled in the water tank 11 passes through the water supply ON / OFF valve 2 and the water amount adjustment valve 3 including the needle valve, and then into the backflow prevention check valve 5 through the water supply pipe 4. enter. The water amount adjusting valve 3 is controlled in proportion to the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine by the output of the internal combustion engine tachometer. The backflow prevention check valve 5 is attached to the exhaust pipe 6, and the evaporation pipe 7 is inserted to the center of the exhaust manifold 9 through a hole provided in the pipe. The tip of the evaporator tube 7 is preferably wound several times to facilitate heat exchange. Heated steam is introduced into the carburetor air horn 11 through a steam stop valve 10 by a steam supply pipe.

  The steam stop valve 10 detects a negative pressure of 20 mmHg or less by a negative pressure sensor 13 attached to the intake manifold 12 and turns off the steam stop valve 10 attached to the steam supply pipe. Thus, inhalation of water vapor is started. Further, the supply of water vapor is stopped by detecting the pressure in the manifold of 20 mmHg or more and turning on the water vapor stop valve 10. Even if the internal combustion engine is rotating, if the pressure is 20 mmHg or more, the water supply ON-OFF valve 2 and the flow rate adjusting valve are opened and water is supplied. Returned to 1

  Further, when the pressure in the intake manifold 12 is detected as a negative pressure of 20 mmHg or less, the electromagnetic switch for additional advance is operated, and the distributor 18 (power is supplied to the spark plug 17 via a wiring not shown). The ignition timing is advanced by 10 to 30 degrees by adjusting. That is, the ignition timing is advanced only when a minute water droplet is inhaled.

  As a result of a driving experiment using the 1800 cc passenger car of company A as a gasoline internal combustion engine, the fuel consumption improvement method of the above configuration was 8 to 10 km / l in normal driving. On the other hand, a running experiment in the same section was performed under the conditions recommended by the present invention, that is, at a speed of 1,200 rpm or more, the amount of minute water droplets added was 3% and the ignition timing was stopped at 30 degrees. The fuel consumption of 10 driving experiments was 15-18 km / l, and improvement in fuel consumption was confirmed.

  FIG. 5 shows a system according to another embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is an example in which a fuel injection pump is used to supply fuel, and the basic configuration of the internal combustion engine and the water droplet supply device is the same as that of the first embodiment. However, the first embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the fuel vaporized by the carburetor is supplied to the combustion chamber, whereas the fuel is injected and supplied to the combustion chamber by the injector 16.

  This embodiment is an example in which the fuel efficiency improving apparatus of the present invention is applied to an internal combustion engine using a carburetor for supplying fuel. The internal combustion engine is similar to a conventional internal combustion engine in that a fuel supply device, a combustion (ignition) The fuel efficiency improvement device of this embodiment is composed of a water supply unit, a steam generation unit, and a water droplet supply unit, and is disposed in the pump exhaust path in the water tank. It is supplied to the heat exchanging section constituted by the pipe 7 to be converted into water vapor and supplied to the air cleaner 15. The fuel supplied by the fuel pump is vaporized by the carburetor, mixed with water droplets, and supplied to the engine.

  FIG. 6 shows the configuration of the attachment portion of the water droplet supply unit in the second embodiment, and the evaporation pipe 7 is positioned in the intake passage for supplying the air-fuel mixture to the intake manifold 12.

1 is a system diagram of an example in which the present invention is applied to a carburetor internal combustion engine. It is a principal part enlarged view of FIG. FIG. 3 is a view showing a state in which the evaporation pipe is mounted in the exhaust passage. FIG. 4 is a view showing a state in which the evaporation pipe is attached to the exhaust manifold. 1 is a system diagram of an example in which the present invention is applied to an injection-type internal combustion engine. It is drawing which shows the structure of the attaching part of the water droplet supply part in Example 2. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

1 Water tank 1
2 ON / OFF valve for water supply 3 Water volume adjustment valve 4 Water supply pipe 5 Backflow check valve 6 Exhaust pipe 7 Evaporation pipe 8 Pipe joint 9 Exhaust manifold 10 Water vapor stop valve 11 Carburetor air horn 12 Intake manifold 13 Negative pressure sensor 14 Return pipe 15 Air cleaner 16 Injector 17 Spark plug 18 Distributor

Claims (4)

In a method for improving combustion of an internal combustion engine by supplying water and fuel to a combustion chamber, when water and fuel are supplied to the combustion chamber, uniform water droplets are formed in the course of cooling water vapor, The minute water droplets are sucked into the center of the carburetor air horn or the inlet of the intake pipe manifold and supplied together with the fuel to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine is controlled in accordance with the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine so as to be within a range, detects that the negative pressure in the intake manifold has become 20 mmHg, starts supplying fine water droplets, and accelerates the ignition timing. How to improve engine fuel efficiency. The method for improving the fuel consumption of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the pressure in the intake manifold is detected as a negative pressure of 20 mmHg and the ignition timing is advanced by 10 to 30 degrees by adjusting the distributor. An internal combustion engine combustion improving apparatus for carrying out the internal combustion engine combustion improving method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein one end is connected to a water supply device and the other end is a central portion of a carburetor air horn or an intake manifold. An evaporation pipe comprising a heating part connected to the inlet and having an intermediate part disposed in the exhaust manifold, a water supply adjusting device for detecting the number of revolutions of the internal combustion engine and adjusting the amount of water supplied in accordance with the value, and A fuel efficiency improving apparatus for an internal combustion engine, comprising: a control device that detects pressure in the manifold, turns on or off the supply of water to the evaporation pipe according to the value, and adjusts ignition timing . 4. The combustion improving apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 3, wherein the heating portion disposed in the exhaust manifold of the evaporation pipe forms a coil .

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