JP4109818B2 - Flavor degradation inhibitor - Google Patents

Flavor degradation inhibitor Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4109818B2
JP4109818B2 JP2000171807A JP2000171807A JP4109818B2 JP 4109818 B2 JP4109818 B2 JP 4109818B2 JP 2000171807 A JP2000171807 A JP 2000171807A JP 2000171807 A JP2000171807 A JP 2000171807A JP 4109818 B2 JP4109818 B2 JP 4109818B2
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Prior art keywords
flavor
extract
flavor deterioration
mentha
deterioration inhibitor
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JP2001346558A (en
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俊夫 井上
修一 村西
進 清原
秀樹 増田
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Ogawa and Co Ltd
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Ogawa and Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、香味成分を含む食品又は口腔衛生剤に広く適用することができる植物由来の香味劣化抑制剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
飲料や食品あるいは歯磨き剤、口臭防止剤のような口腔衛生剤(以下、食品等と称する)は口に入った瞬間にその味と匂いが感じられるので、食品等の香味は各種栄養成分と同様に重要な要素である。こうした食品等の香味は製造、流通、保存等の各段階で徐々に劣化していくことはよく知られている。劣化に関係する要因として、熱、光、酸素、さらには水等が挙げられる。そこで、従来、特に酸素による香味の劣化対策として、酸素透過性を低くした合成樹脂製の容器や袋の開発、また、脱酸素条件を組み入れた食品製造工程の導入、さらには酸化防止剤の添加等が施されていたが、他の劣化要因、特に光による劣化の対策はあまり考慮されていなかった。しかし、最近、店頭ディスプレイ時の商品イメージアップのため透明ガラス容器入り食品、半透明プラスチック容器入り食品、透明袋入り食品等の製造・販売が増加しつつある。さらに、それらをコンビニエンスストア等で長時間、蛍光灯下に陳列する販売形態が一般的になってきた。従って、以前よりもさらに光の影響を受けやすくなり、香味劣化などの結果を招くことになった。そこで、光による香味の劣化に対して特に大きな抑制効果をもち、さらに加熱殺菌工程や加熱保存時の熱による劣化抑制効果をも併せもつような手段を開発することが必要となってきた。光による香味劣化は、香味成分が光照射によって分解され芳香・美味が消失し、また更に分解物が悪臭・異味成分に転化することにより生じる。こうした光による劣化を主に抑制するために、ルチン、モリン又はケルセチンを添加して悪臭・異味物質の発生を防止し保存性の向上を図った乳含有酸性飲料(特公平4−21450号公報)やコーヒー生豆抽出物由来のクロロゲン酸、カフェー酸、フェルラ酸と、ビタミンC、ルチン、ケルセチンとを併用して日光によるフレーバー劣化を防止する方法(特開平4−27374号公報)、また、天然物由来の香料組成物にコーヒー豆由来のクロロゲン酸を添加して天然香料の劣化防止を図る方法(特開平4−345693号公報)が提案されている。しかし、従来技術における天然物由来の劣化抑制剤については、一般的に安全性が高く推奨できるが、その一方で、香味の劣化抑制効果を奏するためにはある程度多量に使用する必要があり、その結果、劣化抑制剤自体が有している味や匂いが食品そのものの味や香りに悪影響を与えるなど実用性に欠ける点があった。 なお、光透過性を抑えた容器や袋を用いる食品等の包装手段改良による劣化抑制方法も提案されているが、これもコストと香味劣化抑制効果の両面から考えると十分ではなかった。従って、食品等に添加した場合に安全性が高く、食品等本来の香味に影響を与えることなく少量の使用で十分な効果を奏し、かつ経済性に優れた香味劣化の抑制手段として、新たな天然物由来の劣化抑制剤が要望されていた。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、従来技術における問題点を解決し、安全性が高く、しかも食品等本来の香味に影響を与えることない香味劣化抑制剤の提供、すなわち、食品等の製造、流通、保存等の各段階で主として光、さらに熱や酸素等の影響による香味の劣化を抑制する香味劣化抑制剤、当該抑制剤を所定量添加してなる品質の安定した食品等並びに当該抑制剤を所定量添加して香味の劣化を抑制し食品などの品質の安定を図る方法を提供することである。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、植物を中心とする多種多様の天然物由来の成分について香味劣化抑制活性を鋭意検討した結果、特定の植物の溶媒抽出物を使用することにより長期間、光に対しては顕著に、さらに熱、酸素等による食品等の香味劣化を抑制できることを見い出し、本発明を完成した。すなわち、本発明は、シソ科メンタ属植物(Mentha)の精油成分を含まない溶媒抽出物からなることを特徴とする香味劣化抑制剤である。この溶媒抽出物は、シソ科メンタ属植物を水、極性有機溶媒又はこれらの混合物で抽出し、該抽出物から精油成分を除去するか、あるいはシソ科メンタ属植物を水蒸気蒸留して精油を採取した残滓を水、極性有機溶媒又はこれらの混合物で抽出することにより得られる。本発明はさらに、上記の香味劣化抑制剤を0.01〜500ppm添加してなる食品又は口腔衛生剤である。さらに本発明は、上記香味劣化抑制剤を食品又は口腔衛生剤に0.01〜500ppm添加して香味劣化を抑制する方法である。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。
(1) 原材料
本発明に使用するシソ科メンタ属植物(Mentha)の例としては、ミズハッカ(Mentha aquatica L.)、ペパーミント(Mentha piperita L.)、ペニロイアルハッカ(Mentha pulegium L.)、マルバハッカ(Mentha rotundifolia (L.) Huds.)、オランダハッカ(Mentha spicata L)、ベルガモットハッカ(Mentha citrata(Ehrh.)Briq.)またはこれらの変種などがあげられる。これらの中でもペパーミント(Mentha piperita L.)やオランダハッカ(Mentha spicata L)はハーブや香料として用いられるなど、古くからの食経験があることから安全性が確認されている。例えば、ペパーミントは古来ハーブとして使用されており、精油や溶剤抽出物を香味剤として種々な食品などに使用することは周知の事実である。また最近は抗炎症薬、抗アレルギー薬としても有効であると報告されているが(特開平7−330624号公報、特開平8−73337号公報)、精油成分を除去した抽出物に香味劣化抑制作用があるという報告はない。これらのシソ科メンタ属植物の茎(枝幹)、葉をそのまま抽出し、抽出物から精油成分を除くか、あるいは茎(枝幹)、葉をあらかじめ水蒸気蒸留して精油成分を除去した残滓を後述の抽出処理に付すことにより溶媒抽出物が得られる。溶媒抽出物を活性炭や吸着樹脂で処理することにより精油成分を除去することができる。また、後述する溶媒抽出物の精製法を適用することにより精油成分を除去することもできる。上記シソ科メンタ属植物の溶媒抽出物は香味の劣化抑制に優れた効果を奏するが、抽出物中の特にポリフェノール類がその作用の中心的役割を果たしていると推測される。従って、上記以外の天然物であってもポリフェノール類を比較的多量に含有する天然物であればその溶媒抽出物も同様の効果を期待できると考えられる。
【0006】
(2) 抽出処理
▲1▼ 溶媒
抽出処理に使用する溶媒は、水、極性有機溶媒又はこれらの混合物である。極性有機溶媒としては、アルコール、アセトン、酢酸エチル等が挙げられる。 中でも人体への安全性と取扱性の観点から水又はエタノール、プロパノール、ブタノールのような炭素数2〜4の脂肪族アルコールが好ましい。特に水又はエタノール又はこれらの混合物が好ましい。なお、抽出の前処理としてヘキサン等の非極性溶剤で予め脱脂処理をしておけば、後の抽出処理時に余分な脂質が大量に入り込むことを防止できるので好ましい。また、この脱脂処理で結果的に脱臭等の精製ができる場合がある。
【0007】
▲2▼ 抽出
抽出処理方法としては、前記各種植物を粉砕したものを溶媒中に入れ、浸漬法又は加熱還流法で抽出する。なお、浸漬法による場合は加熱条件下、室温又は冷却条件下のいずれであってもよい。次いで、溶媒不溶物を除去して抽出物を得るが、不溶物除去方法としては遠心分離、濾過、圧搾等の各種の固液分離手段を用いることができる。得られた抽出物はそのままでも食品等に添加して使用できるが、例えば水、エタノール等の食品用溶剤で適宜希釈して使用することもできる。また、さらに凍結乾燥や濃縮して粉末状、ペースト状の抽出エキスとしても使用できる。
【0008】
▲3▼ 精製
上記方法で得られた抽出物はもちろんそのままで食品等に添加して使用できるが、かかる抽出物は着色状態や匂いを有している場合があるので、多孔性の、例えばスチレン−ジビニルベンゼン共重合体からなる合成樹脂吸着剤を用いて水又はエタノール水溶液溶出画分に分画して得られる精製物が脱色及び脱臭されているので好ましい。精製用の合成樹脂吸着剤としては、例えば三菱化学株式会社製「ダイヤイオンHP−20(商品名)」やオルガノ株式会社製「アンバーライトXAD−2(商品名)」が市販されており入手可能である。また、場合によっては、イオン交換樹脂或いは活性炭を使用して精製、即ち脱色、脱臭することも可能である。シソ科メンタ属植物の溶媒抽出物の場合は精製によって活性が向上するとともに精油成分を除去できる利点がある。
【0009】
(3) 用法
上記の抽出処理で得られる香味劣化抑制剤は食品等の加工段階で適宜添加することができる。添加量は、抑制剤の濃度或いは食品等に含有されている香味成分の種類や香味閾値によっても多少異なるが、一般的に食品等に対して0.01〜500ppmの添加量が適当である。食品等の本来の香味に影響を及ぼさない閾値の範囲内で添加する観点からは0.1〜30ppmが好ましく、特に0.1〜10ppmが好ましい。
【0010】
本発明の香味劣化抑制剤が適用される食品などの例として下記のものが挙げられる。
飲料…コーヒー、紅茶、清涼飲料、乳酸菌飲料、無果汁飲料、果汁入り飲料、栄養ドリンクなど。
菓子類…ゼリー、プリン、ババロア、キャンディー、ビスケット、クッキー、チョコレート、ケーキ類など。
フライ食品…即席(フライ)麺類、とうふの油揚(油揚、生上、がんもどき)、揚かまぼこ、てんぷら、フライ、スナック類(ポテトチップス、揚あられ類、かりんとう、ドーナッツ、調理冷凍食品(冷凍コロッケ、エビフライ等)。
油脂及び油脂加工食品及び油脂を原料とする食品…食用油脂(動物性油脂、植物性油脂)、マーガリン、ショートニング、マヨネーズ、ドレッシング、ハードバター。
乳、乳製品、乳等を主原料とする製品…乳(生乳、牛乳、加工乳等)、乳製品(クリーム、バター、バターオイル、濃縮ホエー、チーズ、アイスクリーム類、ヨーグルト、練乳、粉乳、濃縮乳等)、乳等を主原料とする製品。
口腔衛生剤…歯磨き、うがい薬、口中清涼剤、口臭防止剤など。
【0011】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例に基づいてさらに詳細に説明するが本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。抽出例を以下のとおり示す。
抽出例1
水蒸気蒸留により精油成分を除いたペパーミントの乾燥葉100gを1リットルの95%エタノールで2回抽出(還流抽出1時間)した。ついで、2回の抽出液の合液を、減圧濃縮したのち乾固し、抽出エキス18gを得た(収率18%)。
【0012】
抽出例2
水蒸気蒸留により精油成分を除いたペパーミントの乾燥葉100gを1リットルの50%エタノールで1回抽出(還流抽出1時間)した。ついで、2回の抽出液の合液を、減圧濃縮したのち乾固し、抽出エキス32gを得た(収率32%)。
【0013】
抽出例3
水蒸気蒸留により精油成分を除いたペパーミントの乾燥葉1000gを10リットルの水で1時間還流抽出した。ついで、1/5まで減圧濃縮したのちエキス固形と等量のデキストリンを加え、噴霧乾燥して乾固し、抽出エキス360gを得た(収率36%)。
【0014】
抽出例4
ペパーミントの乾燥葉1kgを8リットルのエタノールで2回還流抽出した。ついで、2回の抽出液の合液を、約0.5リットルまで減圧濃縮した。これに含水エタノール1.5リットルを加え、ヘキサン(1リットル×3回)で液−液分配し、含水エタノール層を集めて減圧濃縮し、72gのエキスを得た。このエキスをダイヤイオン(三菱化成(株)製、DIAION HP−20)のカラムクロマトグラフィー(φ50×300mm)に付し、水、20%エタノール、50%エタノール、エタノール、アセトン(各4リットル)で順次溶出した。それぞれの溶出物から溶媒を除去して凍結乾燥した。20%および50%エタノール溶出部からは無臭あるいはわずかに特有の香りがある凍結乾燥粉末を得た。また、エタノール溶出部からはペパーミント特有の強い香りがある凍結乾燥粉末を得た。
【0015】
抽出例5
水蒸気蒸留により精油成分を除いたオランダハッカの乾燥葉100gを1リットルの95%エタノールで2回抽出(還流抽出1時間)した。ついで、2回の抽出液の合液を、減圧濃縮したのち乾固し、抽出エキス16gを得た(収率16%)。
【0016】
抽出例6
水蒸気蒸留により精油成分を除いたミズハッカの乾燥葉100gを1リットルの50%エタノールで1回抽出(還流抽出1時間)した。ついで、2回の抽出液の合液を、減圧濃縮したのち乾固し、抽出エキス28gを得た(収率28%)。
次に、得られた抽出物の香味劣化に対する抑制活性を評価した。
【0017】
試験例1
砂糖35g、クエン酸0.35g及びオレンジやレモン等の柑橘類に特有の香味成分であるシトラール1gを含有する65%エタノール水溶液を準備した(全量1000ml)。この溶液を透明ガラス容器に入れ、光安定性試験器(東京理化器械株式会社製「LST−300型」)にて光照射を行った。照射条件は温度10℃、白色蛍光ランプ40W×12及び360nm近紫外線ランプ40W×3で、4000ルクスに調整し、近紫外線強度0.3mW/cm(器内中央)で72時間である。高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)にて光照射後のシトラール含量を測定した。結果を表1に示す。なお、測定条件は次のとおりである。
【0018】
(測定条件)
装 置:日立製作所製「HITACHI D−7000 HPLC システム」
カラム:ナカライテスク社製「コスモシール 5C18−AR−11」(カラム温度40℃)
溶離液:A. アセトニトリル、B. 水
流 速:1ml/分間
検出波長:254nm
【0019】
表1におけるシトラール残存量(%)は以下の式にしたがって計算した。
シトラール残存量(%)= A/B×100
ここで、A:光照射後の試料中のシトラール含量
B:光照射前の試料中のシトラール含量
【0020】
【表1】

Figure 0004109818
【0021】
次に上記抽出で得られた香味劣化抑制剤を各種食品に添加して評価した。
実施例1(ヨーグルト飲料)
牛乳94g、脱脂粉乳6gを混合後、殺菌(90〜95℃、5分間)した。48℃に冷却した後、スターター(乳酸菌)を接種した。これをガラス容器に入れ、発酵(40℃、4時間、pH4.5)させた。冷却後、5℃にて保存し、これをヨーグルトベースとした。一方、糖液は白糖20g、ペクチン1g、水79gを混合後、90〜95℃、5分間加熱し、ホットパック充填したものを使用した。上記ヨーグルトベース60g、糖液40g、香料0.1gを混合し、これをホモミキサー処理およびホモゲナイザー処理した。これに香味劣化抑制剤を添加しないものと香味劣化抑制剤を5ppm添加したものをそれぞれ半透明プラスティック容器に充填した。それぞれ光安定性試験器に入れ、蛍光灯を照射した後(6000ルクス、10℃、5時間)、習熟した10名のパネルを選んで官能評価を行った。そして、この場合、香味の変化のない対照としては香味劣化抑制剤を添加していない蛍光灯の未照射のヨーグルト飲料を使用し、香味の変化(劣化)度合いを評価した。その結果は表2のとおりである。なお、表2中の評価の点数は、下記の基準で採点した各パネルの平均点である。
(採点基準)
異味、異臭が強い :4点
香味が非常に変化した :3点
香味が変化した :2点
香味がやや変化した :1点
香味が変化していない :0点
【0022】
【表2】
Figure 0004109818
【0023】
表2に示されるように無添加のものに比べ、抑制剤を添加したものは香味劣化抑制効果が高いことがわかった。
【0024】
実施例2
レモン飲料
グラニュー糖10g、クエン酸0.1g、レモン香料0.1gおよび水にて全量100gに調製した。これに香味劣化抑制剤を添加しないものと各種の香味劣化抑制剤を3ppm添加したものをそれぞれガラス容器に充填し殺菌した。それらを光安定性試験器にて光照射を行った後(15000ルクス、10℃、3日間)、習熟した10名のパネルを選んで官能評価を行った。そして、この場合、対照としては香味劣化抑制剤を添加していない蛍光灯の未照射のレモン飲料を使用し、香味の変化(劣化)度合いを評価した。その結果は表3のとおりである。なお、表3中の評価の点数は、実施例1と同様の基準で採点した各パネルの平均点である。
【0025】
【表3】
Figure 0004109818
【0026】
表3に示されるように無添加のものに比べ、抑制剤を添加したものは香味劣化抑制効果が高いことがわかった。
【0027】
実施例3
乳酸菌飲料
乳酸菌飲料100gに香味劣化抑制剤を添加しないものと香味劣化抑制剤を10ppm添加したものをそれぞれガラス容器に充填し殺菌した。それらを光安定性試験器にて光照射を行った後(15000ルクス、10℃、12時間)、習熟した10名のパネルを選んで官能評価を行った。そして、この場合、対照としては香味劣化抑制剤を添加していない蛍光灯の未照射の乳酸菌飲料を使用し、香味の変化(劣化)度合いを評価した。その結果は表4のとおりである。なお、表4中の評価の点数は、実施例1と同様の基準で採点した各パネルの平均点である。
【0028】
【表4】
Figure 0004109818
【0029】
表4に示されるように無添加のものに比べ、抑制剤を添加したものは香味劣化抑制効果が高いことがわかった。
【0030】
実施例4
レモン飲料
グラニュー糖10g、クエン酸0.1g、レモン香料0.1gおよび水にて全量100gに調製した。これに香味劣化抑制剤を添加しないものと各種の香味劣化抑制剤を5ppm添加したものをそれぞれ缶に充填し殺菌した。それらを40℃、2週間恒温層にて加熱虐待後、習熟した10名のパネルを選んで官能評価を行った。そして、この場合、対照としては香味劣化抑制剤を添加していないレモン飲料を使用し、香味の変化(劣化臭の強さ)度合いを評価した。その結果は表5のとおりである。なお、表5中の評価の点数は、実施例1と同様の基準で採点した各パネルの平均点である。
【0031】
【表5】
Figure 0004109818
【0032】
表5に示されるように無添加のものに比べ、抑制剤を添加したものは香味劣化抑制効果が高いことがわかった。
【0033】
実施例5
口腔洗浄剤
下記処方量で配合し口腔洗浄剤を作成した。
エタノール 15.0g
グリセリン 10.0g
ポリオキシエチレン 2.0g
サッカリンナトリウム 0.15g
安息香酸ナトリウム 0.05g
香料 0.3g
リン酸二水素ナトリウム 0.1g
着色剤 0.2g
ペパーミント抽出物(抽出例2)の1%溶液 0.1g
精製水 72.1g
【0034】
実施例6
マーガリン
ショートニング55g、コーン油15g、30%ベータカロチン液0.1g、レシチン0.2g、乳化剤0.3gを混合し湯せんにて80℃、10分間殺菌した。一方、水27.9g、食塩0.5g、脱脂粉乳1g、ペパーミント抽出物(抽出例4の50%溶出物)1%溶液0.1gを混ぜ湯せんで85℃まで加熱した。かくして得られたコーン油混合物と脱脂粉乳混合物とをそれぞれ50〜60℃まで冷却した後、混合し、氷水にて冷却しながらディスパーを用いて1500rpmにて5分間撹拌した。水にて冷却しながらゴムベラで全体をよく練った(10℃まで冷却)。容器に移し一晩冷蔵庫で熟成させマーガリンを完成させた。
【0035】
【発明の効果】
本発明の香味劣化抑制剤を食品等に添加することにより、光、熱、酸素等の影響を受けやすいものについて香味劣化を抑制することができる。特に光に対しては顕著な劣化抑制効果を示し、長期間香味を保持させることができるので、光照射の影響を受け易い透明ガラス容器、半透明プラスチック容器、或いは透明袋等に充填された食品等に適用すれば、優れた効果が発揮される。また、本発明の劣化抑制剤自体の味・匂いが食品等の本来の香味に影響を及ぼすことがないので幅広く適用することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a plant-derived flavor deterioration inhibitor that can be widely applied to foods or oral hygiene agents containing flavor components.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Oral hygiene agents (hereinafter referred to as foods, etc.) such as beverages, foods, toothpastes, and bad breath deodorants can be tasted and smelled as soon as they enter the mouth. Is an important element. It is well known that the flavor of such foods gradually deteriorates at each stage of production, distribution, storage and the like. Factors related to deterioration include heat, light, oxygen, and water. Therefore, in the past, especially as countermeasures against flavor deterioration due to oxygen, development of synthetic resin containers and bags with low oxygen permeability, introduction of food manufacturing processes incorporating deoxygenation conditions, and addition of antioxidants However, other measures of deterioration, particularly measures against deterioration due to light, have not been considered much. However, recently, production and sales of foods in transparent glass containers, foods in semi-transparent plastic containers, foods in transparent bags, and the like have been increasing in order to improve the product image at store display. Furthermore, the sales form which displays them under a fluorescent lamp for a long time in a convenience store etc. has become common. Therefore, it is more susceptible to light than before, and results in flavor deterioration and the like. Therefore, it has become necessary to develop a means that has a particularly large suppression effect on the deterioration of flavor due to light, and also has a deterioration suppression effect due to heat during the heat sterilization step and heat storage. Flavor degradation due to light occurs when the flavor components are decomposed by light irradiation, the aroma and taste are lost, and the decomposition products are further converted into malodorous and off-flavor components. In order to mainly suppress such deterioration due to light, rutin, morin or quercetin is added to prevent the generation of offensive odors and off-flavors and to improve storage stability (Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-21450) And a method of preventing flavor deterioration due to sunlight by using chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid derived from raw coffee beans extract and vitamin C, rutin, and quercetin (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-27374), or natural There has been proposed a method for preventing deterioration of natural flavor by adding coffee bean-derived chlorogenic acid to a product-derived flavor composition (JP-A-4-345893). However, the natural product-derived degradation inhibitor in the prior art is generally highly safe and can be recommended, but on the other hand, it is necessary to use a certain amount in order to exert the flavor degradation inhibiting effect. As a result, there was a lack of practicality such as the taste and smell of the degradation inhibitor itself adversely affecting the taste and aroma of the food itself. In addition, although the deterioration suppression method by the packaging means improvement of the foodstuff etc. which used the container and bag which suppressed light transmittance was proposed, this was not enough from the viewpoint of both cost and a flavor deterioration suppression effect. Therefore, when added to foods, etc., it is highly safe, has a sufficient effect with a small amount of use without affecting the original flavor of foods, etc. There has been a demand for degradation inhibitors derived from natural products.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The object of the present invention is to provide a flavor deterioration inhibitor that solves the problems in the prior art, has high safety, and does not affect the original flavor of food, such as production, distribution, storage, etc. of food At each stage, a flavor deterioration inhibitor that suppresses deterioration of flavor mainly due to the effects of light, heat, oxygen, etc., a food with stable quality obtained by adding a predetermined amount of the inhibitor, and a predetermined amount of the inhibitor are added. Then, it is providing the method of aiming at stabilization of quality, such as foodstuff, suppressing deterioration of a flavor.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies on the flavor deterioration-inhibiting activity of a variety of natural product-derived components centering on plants, the present inventors have used a solvent extract of a specific plant for a long period of time against light. It was found that the flavor deterioration of foods and the like due to heat, oxygen, etc. can be remarkably suppressed, and the present invention has been completed. That is, this invention is a flavor deterioration inhibitor characterized by consisting of the solvent extract which does not contain the essential oil component of the Labiatae Menta plant (Mentha). This solvent extract is obtained by extracting Labiatae Menta plants with water, polar organic solvents or a mixture thereof, and removing essential oil components from the extracts, or by steam distillation of Labiatae Menta plants and collecting essential oils. The residue obtained is extracted with water, a polar organic solvent or a mixture thereof. The present invention is further a food or oral hygiene agent obtained by adding 0.01 to 500 ppm of the above-described flavor deterioration inhibitor. Furthermore, this invention is a method of adding 0.01-500 ppm of the said flavor deterioration inhibitor to a foodstuff or an oral hygiene agent, and suppressing flavor deterioration.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
(1) Raw materials Examples of the plant belonging to the genus Menta (Mentha) used in the present invention include Mentha aquatica L., peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), peniroyal mint (Mentha pulegium L.), malba mint ( Mentha rotundifolia (L.) Huds.), Dutch mint (Mentha spicata L), Bergamot mint (Mentha citrata (Ehrh.) Briq.) Or their variants. Among them, peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) and Dutch mint (Mentha spicata L) are used as herbs and fragrances, and their safety has been confirmed due to their long-time dietary experience. For example, peppermint has been used as an ancient herb, and it is a well-known fact that essential oils and solvent extracts are used as flavoring agents in various foods. Recently, it has been reported that it is also effective as an anti-inflammatory agent and an antiallergic agent (JP-A-7-330624 and JP-A-8-73337). There is no report that there is an effect. Extract stems (branches) and leaves of these Lamiaceae Menta plants as they are and remove the essential oil components from the extract, or remove the essential oil components by steam distillation of the stems (branches) and leaves in advance. A solvent extract is obtained by subjecting to an extraction treatment described later. The essential oil component can be removed by treating the solvent extract with activated carbon or an adsorption resin. Moreover, an essential oil component can also be removed by applying the purification method of the solvent extract mentioned later. Although the above-mentioned solvent extract of the Labiatae Menta plant has an excellent effect in suppressing the deterioration of flavor, it is presumed that polyphenols in the extract play a central role in its action. Therefore, even if it is a natural product other than the above, the solvent extract can be expected to have the same effect as long as it is a natural product containing a relatively large amount of polyphenols.
[0006]
(2) Extraction treatment (1) The solvent used in the solvent extraction treatment is water, a polar organic solvent, or a mixture thereof. Examples of the polar organic solvent include alcohol, acetone, ethyl acetate and the like. Among these, water or an aliphatic alcohol having 2 to 4 carbon atoms such as ethanol, propanol, and butanol is preferable from the viewpoint of safety to the human body and handleability. Water or ethanol or a mixture thereof is particularly preferable. In addition, it is preferable to perform a degreasing treatment in advance with a nonpolar solvent such as hexane as a pretreatment for extraction, because it is possible to prevent a large amount of excess lipid from entering during the subsequent extraction treatment. Further, this degreasing treatment may result in purification such as deodorization.
[0007]
{Circle around (2)} As the extraction / extraction treatment method, the pulverized plant is put in a solvent and extracted by a dipping method or a heating reflux method. In addition, when using the immersion method, any of heating conditions, room temperature, or cooling conditions may be used. Subsequently, the solvent insoluble matter is removed to obtain an extract. As the insoluble matter removing method, various solid-liquid separation means such as centrifugation, filtration, and pressing can be used. The obtained extract can be used as it is by adding it to food or the like, but it can also be used after appropriately diluted with a food solvent such as water or ethanol. Furthermore, it can also be used as an extract in the form of a powder or paste by freeze-drying or concentration.
[0008]
(3) Purification The extract obtained by the above method can of course be used as it is by adding it to foods, etc. However, since such an extract may have a colored state or smell, it is porous, for example, styrene. -A purified product obtained by fractionating into a fraction eluted with water or an aqueous ethanol solution using a synthetic resin adsorbent comprising a divinylbenzene copolymer is preferred because it is decolorized and deodorized. As synthetic resin adsorbents for purification, for example, “Diaion HP-20 (trade name)” manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation and “Amberlite XAD-2 (trade name)” manufactured by Organo Corporation are commercially available. It is. In some cases, it is also possible to purify, that is, decolorize and deodorize using an ion exchange resin or activated carbon. In the case of a solvent extract of Lamiaceae Menta, there is an advantage that the essential oil component can be removed while the activity is improved by purification.
[0009]
(3) Usage The flavor deterioration inhibitor obtained by the above extraction treatment can be appropriately added at the processing stage of foods and the like. The amount added varies somewhat depending on the concentration of the inhibitor or the type of flavor component contained in the food or the like, or the flavor threshold, but generally an amount of 0.01 to 500 ppm is appropriate for the food or the like. From the viewpoint of adding within a threshold range that does not affect the original flavor of foods and the like, 0.1 to 30 ppm is preferable, and 0.1 to 10 ppm is particularly preferable.
[0010]
Examples of foods to which the flavor deterioration inhibitor of the present invention is applied include the following.
Beverages: Coffee, tea, soft drinks, lactic acid bacteria drinks, fruitless drinks, fruit juice drinks, nutrition drinks, etc.
Confectionery: jelly, pudding, bavaria, candy, biscuits, cookies, chocolate, cakes, etc.
Fried food ... improvised (fried) noodles, deep-fried tofu (freshly fried, fresh, ganmodoki), fried kamaboko, tempura, fried food, snacks (potato chips, fried potatoes, garlic, donuts, cooked frozen food (frozen croquette) , Fried shrimp, etc.).
Fats and oils and processed foods and foods made from fats and oils: Edible fats and oils (animal fats and oils, vegetable fats and oils), margarine, shortening, mayonnaise, dressing, hard butter.
Milk, dairy products, milk-based products ... milk (raw milk, milk, processed milk, etc.), dairy products (cream, butter, butter oil, concentrated whey, cheese, ice cream, yogurt, condensed milk, powdered milk, Concentrated milk, etc.), products made mainly from milk.
Oral hygiene: toothpaste, mouthwash, mouth freshener, anti-oral.
[0011]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated further in detail based on an Example, this invention is not limited to these Examples. An example of extraction is shown below.
Extraction example 1
100 g of dried peppermint leaves from which essential oil components were removed by steam distillation was extracted twice with 1 liter of 95% ethanol (reflux extraction for 1 hour). Next, the combined solution of the two extracts was concentrated under reduced pressure and dried to obtain 18 g of extract (yield 18%).
[0012]
Extraction example 2
100 g of dried peppermint leaves from which essential oil components were removed by steam distillation was extracted once with 1 liter of 50% ethanol (reflux extraction for 1 hour). Next, the combined solution of the two extracts was concentrated under reduced pressure and dried to obtain 32 g of extract (yield 32%).
[0013]
Extraction example 3
1000 g of dried peppermint leaves from which essential oil components were removed by steam distillation was refluxed and extracted with 10 liters of water for 1 hour. Then, after concentration under reduced pressure to 1/5, an equivalent amount of dextrin was added to the extract solid, spray dried and dried to obtain 360 g of extract (yield 36%).
[0014]
Extraction example 4
1 kg of dried peppermint leaves was extracted twice with 8 liters of ethanol. The combined extract of the two extracts was then concentrated under reduced pressure to about 0.5 liter. To this was added 1.5 liters of water-containing ethanol, and liquid-liquid partition was performed with hexane (1 liter × 3 times), and the water-containing ethanol layer was collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 72 g of extract. This extract was subjected to column chromatography (φ50 × 300 mm) of Diaion (manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei Co., Ltd., DIAION HP-20), and water, 20% ethanol, 50% ethanol, ethanol, acetone (4 liters each) Elute sequentially. The solvent was removed from each eluate and lyophilized. From the 20% and 50% ethanol elution parts, lyophilized powders with odorless or slightly unique fragrance were obtained. In addition, a freeze-dried powder having a strong scent specific to peppermint was obtained from the ethanol elution part.
[0015]
Extraction example 5
100 g of dried leaves of Dutch mint, from which essential oil components were removed by steam distillation, were extracted twice with 1 liter of 95% ethanol (reflux extraction for 1 hour). Next, the combined solution of the two extracts was concentrated under reduced pressure and then dried to obtain 16 g of extract (yield 16%).
[0016]
Extraction example 6
100 g of dried mint mint leaves from which essential oil components were removed by steam distillation were extracted once with 1 liter of 50% ethanol (reflux extraction for 1 hour). Next, the combined solution of the two extracts was concentrated under reduced pressure and dried to obtain 28 g of extract (yield 28%).
Next, the inhibitory activity with respect to the flavor deterioration of the obtained extract was evaluated.
[0017]
Test example 1
A 65% aqueous ethanol solution containing 35 g of sugar, 0.35 g of citric acid and 1 g of citral, which is a flavor component peculiar to citrus fruits such as orange and lemon, was prepared (total amount 1000 ml). This solution was put into a transparent glass container and irradiated with light using a light stability tester (“LST-300 type” manufactured by Tokyo Rika Kikai Co., Ltd.). Irradiation conditions were a temperature of 10 ° C., a white fluorescent lamp 40 W × 12 and a 360 nm near-ultraviolet lamp 40 W × 3, adjusted to 4000 lux, and a near-ultraviolet intensity of 0.3 mW / cm (inner center) for 72 hours. The citral content after light irradiation was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results are shown in Table 1. The measurement conditions are as follows.
[0018]
(Measurement condition)
Equipment: “HITACHI D-7000 HPLC system” manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.
Column: “Cosmo Seal 5C18-AR-11” manufactured by Nacalai Tesque (column temperature 40 ° C.)
Eluent: A. Acetonitrile, B. Water flow rate: 1 ml / min Detection wavelength: 254 nm
[0019]
The citral residual amount (%) in Table 1 was calculated according to the following formula.
Citral residual amount (%) = A / B x 100
Here, A: Citral content in the sample after light irradiation B: Citral content in the sample before light irradiation
[Table 1]
Figure 0004109818
[0021]
Next, the flavor deterioration inhibitor obtained by the above extraction was added to various foods for evaluation.
Example 1 (yogurt beverage)
94 g of milk and 6 g of skim milk powder were mixed and then sterilized (90 to 95 ° C., 5 minutes). After cooling to 48 ° C., a starter (lactic acid bacterium) was inoculated. This was put into a glass container and fermented (40 ° C., 4 hours, pH 4.5). After cooling, it was stored at 5 ° C. and used as a yogurt base. On the other hand, as the sugar solution, 20 g of sucrose, 1 g of pectin, and 79 g of water were mixed, heated at 90 to 95 ° C. for 5 minutes, and filled with a hot pack. 60 g of the above yogurt base, 40 g of sugar solution, and 0.1 g of fragrance were mixed, and this was subjected to a homomixer treatment and a homogenizer treatment. A semi-transparent plastic container was filled with a product to which no flavor deterioration inhibitor was added and a product to which 5 ppm of a flavor deterioration inhibitor was added. Each was put in a photostability tester and irradiated with a fluorescent lamp (6000 lux, 10 ° C., 5 hours), and 10 skilled panelists were selected for sensory evaluation. In this case, as a control having no change in flavor, an unirradiated yogurt beverage with a fluorescent lamp not added with a flavor deterioration inhibitor was used, and the degree of change (deterioration) in flavor was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2. In addition, the score of evaluation in Table 2 is an average score of each panel scored according to the following criteria.
(Scoring criteria)
Strong off-flavor and off-flavor: 4-point flavor changed significantly: 3-point flavor changed: 2-point flavor changed slightly: 1-point flavor did not change: 0 points
[Table 2]
Figure 0004109818
[0023]
As shown in Table 2, it was found that the addition of the inhibitor had a higher flavor deterioration inhibiting effect than the additive-free one.
[0024]
Example 2
The total amount was adjusted to 100 g with 10 g of lemon beverage granulated sugar, 0.1 g of citric acid, 0.1 g of lemon flavor and water. A glass container was filled and sterilized, respectively, to which no flavor deterioration inhibitor was added and to which 3 ppm of various flavor deterioration inhibitors were added. After irradiating them with a light stability tester (15000 lux, 10 ° C., 3 days), ten experienced panels were selected for sensory evaluation. And in this case, the non-irradiated lemon drink of the fluorescent lamp which has not added the flavor deterioration inhibitor was used as a control, and the change (deterioration) degree of flavor was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3. In addition, the score of evaluation in Table 3 is the average score of each panel scored on the same basis as in Example 1.
[0025]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004109818
[0026]
As shown in Table 3, it was found that the addition of the inhibitor had a higher flavor deterioration inhibiting effect than the additive-free one.
[0027]
Example 3
Lactic acid bacteria beverage 100 g of lactic acid bacteria beverage was added with no flavor deterioration inhibitor and 10 ppm of flavor deterioration inhibitor was added to a glass container and sterilized. After irradiating them with a light stability tester (15000 lux, 10 ° C., 12 hours), ten experienced panelists were selected for sensory evaluation. In this case, as a control, an unirradiated lactic acid bacteria beverage of a fluorescent lamp not added with a flavor deterioration inhibitor was used, and the degree of flavor change (deterioration) was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 4. In addition, the score of evaluation in Table 4 is the average score of each panel scored on the same basis as in Example 1.
[0028]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004109818
[0029]
As shown in Table 4, it was found that the addition of the inhibitor had a higher flavor deterioration inhibiting effect than the additive-free one.
[0030]
Example 4
The total amount was adjusted to 100 g with 10 g of lemon beverage granulated sugar, 0.1 g of citric acid, 0.1 g of lemon flavor and water. The cans were filled and sterilized with no addition of the flavor deterioration inhibitor and 5 ppm of various flavor deterioration inhibitors added thereto. These were heated and abused at 40 ° C. for 2 weeks in a constant temperature layer, and 10 experienced panels were selected for sensory evaluation. In this case, a lemon beverage not added with a flavor deterioration inhibitor was used as a control, and the degree of change in flavor (intensity of deteriorated odor) was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 5. In addition, the score of evaluation in Table 5 is the average score of each panel scored on the same basis as Example 1.
[0031]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004109818
[0032]
As shown in Table 5, it was found that the addition of the inhibitor had a higher flavor deterioration suppressing effect than the additive-free one.
[0033]
Example 5
Oral cleanser An oral cleanser was prepared by blending in the following prescribed amounts.
15.0g of ethanol
Glycerin 10.0g
Polyoxyethylene 2.0g
Saccharin sodium 0.15 g
Sodium benzoate 0.05g
Fragrance 0.3g
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1g
Coloring agent 0.2g
0.1 g of 1% solution of peppermint extract (Extraction Example 2)
72.1 g of purified water
[0034]
Example 6
55 g of margarine shortening, 15 g of corn oil, 0.1 g of 30% beta carotene solution, 0.2 g of lecithin and 0.3 g of emulsifier were mixed and sterilized in a hot water bath at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes. Meanwhile, 27.9 g of water, 0.5 g of sodium chloride, 1 g of skim milk powder, and 0.1 g of a 1% solution of peppermint extract (50% eluate of Extraction Example 4) were heated to 85 ° C. with a mixed water bath. The corn oil mixture and skim milk powder mixture thus obtained were each cooled to 50-60 ° C., mixed, and stirred for 5 minutes at 1500 rpm using a disper while cooling with ice water. The whole was well kneaded with a rubber spatula while cooling with water (cooled to 10 ° C.). It was transferred to a container and aged in the refrigerator overnight to complete the margarine.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
By adding the flavor deterioration inhibitor of the present invention to foods and the like, flavor deterioration can be suppressed for those that are easily affected by light, heat, oxygen and the like. Foods filled in transparent glass containers, translucent plastic containers, transparent bags, etc. that are particularly susceptible to light irradiation because they exhibit a remarkable deterioration-inhibiting effect on light and can retain flavor for a long period of time. If applied to the above, an excellent effect is exhibited. Further, since the taste and smell of the degradation inhibitor itself of the present invention does not affect the original flavor of food or the like, it can be widely applied.

Claims (6)

シソ科メンタ属植物を水、極性有機溶媒またはこれらの混合物で抽出し、抽出物から精油成分を除去して得られる溶媒抽出物をスチレン−ジビニルベンゼン共重合体系高分子吸着体カラムクロマトグラフィーに付し、20〜50%エタノールで溶出して得られるものからなる香味劣化抑制剤。  Extract a Labiatae Menta plant with water, polar organic solvent or a mixture of these, and remove the essential oil component from the extract. The solvent extract is subjected to styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer polymer adsorbent column chromatography. And a flavor deterioration inhibitor made by elution with 20 to 50% ethanol. シソ科メンタ属植物を水蒸気蒸留して精油を採取した残滓を水、極性有機溶媒またはこれらの混合物で抽出して得られる溶媒抽出物をスチレン−ジビニルベンゼン共重合体系高分子吸着体カラムクロマトグラフィーに付し、20〜50%エタノールで溶出して得られるものからなる香味劣化抑制剤。  Solvent extract obtained by extracting the residue obtained by steam distillation of Lamiaceae Menta plants with water, polar organic solvent or a mixture of these is used for styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer polymer adsorbent column chromatography And a flavor deterioration inhibitor comprising a product obtained by elution with 20 to 50% ethanol. シソ科メンタ属植物を水、極性有機溶媒またはこれらの混合物で抽出し、さらに前記抽出物から精油成分をスチレン−ビニルベンゼン共重合体系高分子吸着体カラムクロマトグラフィーに付し、20〜50%エタノールで溶出することにより除去して得られるものからなる香味劣化抑制剤。  A Labiatae plant is extracted with water, a polar organic solvent or a mixture thereof, and an essential oil component is further subjected to styrene-vinylbenzene copolymer-based polymer adsorbent column chromatography from the extract, and 20-50% ethanol. The flavor deterioration inhibitor which consists of what is obtained by removing by eluting. シソ科メンタ属植物がミズハッカ(Mentha aquatica L.)、ペパーミント(Mentha piperita L.)、ペニロイアルハッカ(Mentha pulegiumL.)、マルバハッカ(Mentha rotundifolia (L.) Huds.)、オランダハッカ(Mentha spicata L)もしくはベルガモットハッカ(Mentha citrata(Ehrh.)Briq.)またはこれらの変種である請求項1乃至3に記載の香味劣化抑制剤。  Menaceae (Mentha aquatica L.), Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), Peniloyal mint (Mentha pulegium L.), Malba mint (Mentha rotundifolia (L.) Huds.), Dutch mint (Mentha spicata L) Or the flavor deterioration inhibitor of Claims 1 thru | or 3 which are bergamot mint (Mentha citrata (Ehrh.) Briq.) Or these variants. 請求項1乃至4に記載の香味劣化抑制剤が0.01〜500ppm添加されてなる食品または口腔衛生剤。  A food or oral hygiene agent to which the flavor deterioration inhibitor according to claim 1 is added in an amount of 0.01 to 500 ppm. 請求項1乃至4に記載の香味劣化抑制剤を食品または口腔衛生剤に0.01〜500ppm添加することを特徴とする食品または口腔衛生剤の香味劣化を抑制する方法。  A method for suppressing flavor deterioration of a food or oral hygiene agent, comprising adding 0.01 to 500 ppm of the flavor deterioration inhibitor according to claim 1 to a food or oral hygiene agent.
JP2000171807A 2000-06-08 2000-06-08 Flavor degradation inhibitor Expired - Fee Related JP4109818B2 (en)

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