JP4097298B2

JP4097298B2 - Methods for preventing sand and sand in sports facilities and parks

Info

Publication number: JP4097298B2
Application number: JP33246295A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 由朋箕浦; 克内田; 康江大林
Original assignee: 株式会社ジャパン緑化; 康江大林
Priority date: 1995-11-14
Filing date: 1995-11-14
Publication date: 2008-06-11
Anticipated expiration: 2015-11-14
Also published as: JPH09137401A

Description

【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、土表層に短繊維状物質を混合してなる飛び砂を防止し、あわせて、透水性を改良し、クッション性を与える体育施設、公園等広場の施工方法に関するものであり、又、土表層に短繊維物質を敷き詰め、土埃を防ぎ、工事現場から路面の汚れを防止する施工方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来の飛び砂防止方法は、土を篩過し、粗くし、粉塵の立つ微粒土を除去したり塩化マグネシューム、塩化カルシューム等凍結防止剤に使われる吸湿性の強い薬品を散布している。又工事現場からの汚れに対しては汚れた路面を掃くか、水洗する以外に有効な方法がなかった。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来施工法のように土を篩過して微粉を取り除くと、その微粉の廃棄に困る。又多くの山を崩して土砂を採集するため、自然破壊の一因になっていた。仮に、微粉を除去して、粗い土砂を運び込んでも、その上でプレイしたり走ったりすることによる破壊力により、あるいは風雨や温度の高低での自然破壊が加わり、微粉が発生する。そのため、塩化カルシューム等の薬品がひんぱんに散布されていた。
【０００４】
ところが、薬品を散布すると、先ず運動施設に設置された遊具等の金属部品が著しく錆の発生を起し、降雨等でグランドから流れ出た水中に多量の薬品が溶けだし河川を富栄養化する環境問題があり、さらには幼稚園児等のケガや健康にもよくないことが危惧される等多くの問題点があった。
【０００５】
本発明は、薬品類を使うことなく天然の廃樹皮をリサイクル利用することにより、土砂の微粉を除去する必要が少なく土のリサイクルをも可能にする簡単でかつ安価に飛び砂を防止し、併せて透水性を改良し、クッション性を与える新施工方法を提供することを目的としている。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、本発明の施工方法においては、「軽い物は飛ぶ」との常識をくつがえし、軽い短繊維状の物質を少量土砂に混合すると言う極めて簡単な方法で発明を完成したものである。
【０００７】
すなわち、本発明は下記の体育施設、公園等広場の施工資材及び施工方法に係るものである。
１．短繊維状のスギ又はヒノキの樹皮を含み、体育施設、公園等広場の土表層の土砂に混合して使用するための飛砂防止用の施工資材。
２．体育施設、公園等広場の土表層の土砂に短繊維状物質を混合することを特徴とする飛砂防止施工方法。
３．前記短繊維状物質は、表面が粗面である請求項２記載の施工方法。
４．前記短繊維状物質が腐敗し難いものである２記載の施工方法。
５．前記短繊維状物質が、スギ、ヒノキ、ユーカリ、ヒバ若しくはヤシガラ等の天然樹皮を機械的に切断したもの又は天然若しくは合成繊維のくず状のものである２記載の施工方法。
６．前記短繊維状物質は、１種又は２種以上を混合してなる２記載の施工方法。
７．前記短繊維状物質を回転羽根でほぐした後、土砂に混和することを特長とする２記載の施工方法。
８．土表層の土砂を取り替えることなく、その場にある土をリサイクルして利用する２記載の施工方法。
９．前記短繊維状物質を回転羽根で施工前又は施工しながらほぐし、回転しないツメを複数つけた機械で表層土を掘り起こしながら、短繊維状物質を土砂に混合することを特長とする２記載の施工方法。
【０００８】
ここで、混合する表層の深さや短繊維の種類や混合比率はグランドの使用目的によりまた土砂の種類により、任意に選択することができるが、短繊維状物質は土壌に容積率で５〜８０％で混合し、深さは表層より１〜６０ｍとするのが好ましい。
【０００９】
短繊維物質は、通常絡み合い塊状となり土壌に混合し難い状態となっているので施工前あるいは施工しながら農家で耕作時土壌をほぐす時に使われる機械等でほぐすとよい。あるいは、機械で表面土壌をけずりながら短繊維状物質をほぐし、土壌に混和するようにしてもよい。又、短繊維物質を表層土で混合する時、短繊維が表面で浮いて分離しないよう、適度の湿りを与えることも、又、通常使われている湿展剤を少量加えることも効果である。さらには、土壌との混合をより効果的に経済的に施工する必要があり、農家でタマネギやジャガイモ等の収穫時掘り起こしに使う機械を利用する方法がある。
【００１０】
なお、短繊維状物質を表面に薄く敷き詰めて、土埃を防ぎ、車輌に付着しているドロをふき取り、工事現場付近の路面の汚れを防止する施工方法があり、その場合、天然樹皮の中で、スギ、ヒノキの樹皮を粉砕して用いるのが好ましい。
【００１１】
【作用】
上記のように構成された飛び砂防止施工法で施工すると土砂の隙間に短繊維物質がはいり、この短繊維物質は粗面な表面をもち、飛び易くなった微粉の土砂を絡ませ、あたかも糊剤のごとき役目を果たす。さらには、短繊維物質は適度な保水性を示し、表層土に湿りを与え飛び砂防止効果を高める。
【００１２】
又、土砂の隙間に入った短繊維物質は、土砂同士の固結を防ぎあたかも水を流下させる排水管の役目を果たすため、経年しても透水性が劣化せず、長年に渡り良好な排水性を保つ他、豪雨にあっても表層の土砂流亡防止に役立つことになる。即ちこのことは、土壌の空隙率を高め、長年に渡りクッション性の良いグランドを提供出来る理由となる。
【００１３】
（実施例１）スギの樹皮をハンマーミルで機械的に切断し短繊維状にしたのをグランド表面にほぐしながら、ＡｉｒＧｕｎで約１ｃｍの厚さに広げ、回転しないツメを６個つけた掘り起こし機をツメの深さ３ｃｍに調節し引っ張りまわし表層土約３ｃｍによく混合し撹拌しセンサー付きブルドーザにより整地し、簡単な転圧をかける。
【００１４】
（実施例２）ヒノキの樹皮をフェザーミルで機械的に切断し短繊維状にしたものをグランド表面に回転羽根でほぐしながら、ＡｉｒＧｕｎで約３ｃｍの厚さに広げ回転しないツメを１０個つけた掘り起こし機をツメの深さ３ｃｍに調節し引っ張り回し、表層土約７ｃｍによく混合し撹拌しセンサー付きブルドーザにより整地し、簡単な転圧をかける。
【００１５】
（実施例３）スギの樹皮３部とヒノキの樹皮７部をあらかじめ混ぜて、機械的に切断し、短繊維状にしたものをグランド表面に回転羽根でほぐしながらＡｉｒＧｕｎで約２ｃｍの厚さに広げ、回転しないツメを８個つけたほりおこし機をツメの深さ３ｃｍに調節し引っ張り回し、表層土約５ｃｍによく混合し、１ｍｍ目開きのメッシュで微粉を除き、５ｍｍ目開きのメッシュで粗大粒を除いた土砂を約１ｍｍまき整地し、簡単な転圧ローラをかける。
【００１６】
（実施例４）スギの樹皮を機械的に切断し短繊維状にしたものをグランド表面に回転羽根でほぐしながら、ＡｉｒＧｕｎで約１ｃｍの厚さに広げ、回転しないツメを５個つけた彫り起こし機をツメの深さ３ｃｍに調節し引っ張り回し、表層土約６ｃｍによく混合し撹拌しセンサー付きブルドーザにより整地し、簡単な転圧をかける。その上に重質の珪酸カルシュウム微粒土を約１ｍｍ厚さにまく。
【００１７】
（実施例５）スギの樹皮を機械的に切断し短繊維状にしたものの内、３〜５ｃｍと比較的粗いものをグランドの深さ２０ｃｍの土に約２５％混合し、排水層を作る。その上に粉砕したスギ樹皮の比較的小さい殆どが１ｃｍ以下の細かいものを砂上に、約３０％混合し、約３ｃｍの厚さに広げ、センサー付きブルドーザにより整地し、簡単な転圧をかける。
【００１８】
（参考例６）スギ又はヒノキの樹皮をハンマー型粉砕機により５ｃｍ以下に粉砕したものを工事現場の車輛の出口に約１０ｃｍの厚さに敷き、トラックのタイヤに付着した汚れをこの敷き詰めた樹皮で拭き取る。
【００１９】
対照（従来工法）
グランドの土砂を表層から２０ｃｍ深さに掘り起こし、運びだし、新に１ｍｍの目開きのメッシュで微粉を除き、５ｍｍの目開きのメッシュで粗大粒をカットした土砂を搬入し、整地し、転圧ローラをかけグランドを得る。
【００２０】
【発明の効果】
本発明は以上説明したように構成されているので、次に記載するような効果を奏する。
【００２１】
【表１】

【００２２】
○（測定方法）１メートル正方形の大きさの各サンプルを作成し、一週間屋外に放置した後、風洞に運び込み、徐々に風速を上げ砂埃の捕捉のため設けた粘着テープ上に砂埃を認めた時の風速をもって飛び砂開始風速とした。風速を１０メートル及び１５Ｍ．ｓｅｃ^−１に高め１時間強風に晒しその間に飛散した砂の重量をもって飛び砂量とした。
【００２３】
○本発明品は飛び砂開始風速及び飛び砂量共に従来工法に比べ、格段に飛び砂の少ないことを示した。
【００２４】
【表２】

【００２５】
○（測定方法）定水位法により透水性を測定した。
【００２６】
○本発明品は透水係数において従来工法に比べ透水係数が格段に優れ、長期間に渡って良好な透水性を保持することを示した。
【００２７】
【表３】

【００２８】
○（測定法）ベックマンポロシメーターにより空隙率を測定した。
【００２９】
○本発明品は空隙率において従来工法に比べ一段と優れ、排水性及びクッション性に優れることを示唆した。
【００３０】
【表４】

【００３１】
○（測定方法）ブロクターニードル貫入抵抗試験法により測定、クッション性の指ようとした。
【００３２】
○本発明品はクッション性において従来工法に比べ格段に改良され、長期間に渡りクッション性の良いグランドを提供出来ることは明白である。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a construction method for a sports facility, a park, or the like that prevents flying sand formed by mixing a short fibrous substance on the soil surface layer, improves water permeability, and provides cushioning properties. Further, the present invention relates to a construction method in which a short fiber material is spread on the soil surface layer, dust is prevented, and dirt on a road surface is prevented from a construction site.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the conventional method for preventing flying sand, the soil is sieved, roughened, fine dusty soil is removed, and chemicals with high hygroscopic properties such as magnesium chloride and calcium chloride are sprayed. In addition, there was no effective method for removing dirt from the construction site other than cleaning the dirty road surface or washing with water.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
If the soil is removed by sieving the soil as in the conventional construction method, it will be difficult to dispose of the dust. In addition, it destroyed many mountains and collected earth and sand, which contributed to the destruction of nature. Even if the fine powder is removed and the coarse earth and sand are carried in, fine powder is generated due to the destructive force caused by playing or running on it or by natural destruction due to wind and rain or high and low temperatures. For this reason, chemicals such as calcium chloride were frequently sprayed.
[0004]
However, when chemicals are sprayed, first, metal parts such as playground equipment installed in exercise facilities cause significant rusting, and a large amount of chemicals melt into the water flowing out of the ground due to rain, etc., resulting in eutrophication of the river. In addition, there were many problems such as fearing that it was not good for injuries and health of kindergarten children.
[0005]
The present invention recycles and uses natural waste bark without using chemicals, so that it is not necessary to remove fine dust from the earth and sand, and the earth can be recycled easily and inexpensively. The purpose is to provide a new construction method that improves water permeability and gives cushioning.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, in the construction method of the present invention, the common sense that “light objects fly” is changed, and the present invention has been completed by a very simple method of mixing a small amount of light short fiber material into earth and sand. Is.
[0007]
That is, the present invention relates to construction materials and construction methods for open spaces such as the following physical education facilities and parks.
1. Construction material for prevention of flying sand to be used by mixing with the earth and sand of the surface layer of sports facilities, parks, etc., including short fiber cedar or cypress bark.
2. Sports facilities, blown sand prevention construction methods you characterized by mixing the short fibrous substance in the soil surface layer of the sediment of the park, such as square.
3. The construction method according to claim 2, wherein the short fibrous substance has a rough surface.
4). 3. The construction method according to 2, wherein the short fibrous material is difficult to rot.
5. 3. The construction method according to 2, wherein the short fibrous material is a material obtained by mechanically cutting natural bark such as cedar, cypress, eucalyptus, hiba or coconut shell, or a waste of natural or synthetic fibers.
6). 3. The construction method according to 2, wherein the short fibrous substance is a mixture of one or more kinds.
7). 3. The construction method according to 2, wherein the short fibrous substance is loosened with a rotary blade and then mixed with earth and sand.
8). The construction method according to 2, wherein the soil on the spot is recycled and used without replacing the soil on the soil surface layer.
9. The loosened while construction before or applying a short fibrous substance rotary blade, while digging the surface soil in wearing multiple claws without rotating machine, according 2 that features admixing the short fibrous substance in the sediment Construction method.
[0008]
Here, the depth of the surface layer to be mixed, the kind of short fibers, and the mixing ratio can be arbitrarily selected according to the purpose of use of the ground and the kind of earth and sand, but the short fibrous substance is 5 to 80 in volume ratio in the soil. % And the depth is preferably 1 to 60 m from the surface layer.
[0009]
The short fiber material is usually intertwined into a lump and difficult to mix with the soil, so it is better to loosen it with a machine or the like that is used to loosen the soil during farming before or during construction. Alternatively, the short fibrous material may be loosened while scraping the surface soil with a machine and mixed with the soil. Also, when mixing short fiber material with surface soil, it is effective to give a moderate wetness so that the short fibers do not float and separate on the surface, or to add a small amount of a commonly used wetting agent. . Furthermore, it is necessary to construct the mixture with soil more effectively and economically, and there is a method of using a machine used for digging up onions and potatoes at harvest in a farmer.
[0010]
In addition, there is a construction method that spreads a thin fibrous material thinly on the surface, prevents dust, wipes off the sticking to the vehicle, and prevents dirt on the road surface near the construction site. The bark of cedar and cypress is preferably used after being crushed.
[0011]
[Action]
When constructed with the above-mentioned method for preventing flying sand, short fiber material enters gaps in the earth and sand, this short fiber material has a rough surface, entangles the fine sand that has become easy to fly, as if it were glue Play a role like Furthermore, the short fiber material shows a suitable water retention, wets the surface soil and enhances the flying sand prevention effect.
[0012]
In addition, the short fiber material that has entered the gap between the sand and sand prevents the caking between the sand and sand, and acts as a drain pipe that allows water to flow down. In addition to maintaining the nature, it will be useful for preventing sediment runoff even in heavy rain. That is, this is the reason why the soil porosity can be increased and a ground with good cushioning properties can be provided for many years .
[0013]
(Example 1) A bark of cedar was mechanically cut with a hammer mill to form a short fiber, and was loosened on the ground surface. Then, it was spread to about 1 cm in thickness with Air Gun and dug up with six non-rotating claws. The machine is adjusted to a depth of 3 cm, and is pulled and mixed well with about 3 cm of the surface soil, stirred, leveled with a bulldozer equipped with a sensor, and a simple rolling pressure is applied.
[0014]
(Example 2) A cypress bark mechanically cut with a feather mill to form a short fiber is loosened with a rotating blade on the ground surface, spread with an air gun to a thickness of about 3 cm, and 10 non-rotating claws are attached. The digging machine is adjusted to a depth of 3 cm and pulled, mixed well with about 7 cm of surface soil, stirred, leveled with a bulldozer with a sensor, and subjected to simple rolling.
[0015]
(Example 3) 3 parts of cedar bark and 7 parts of cypress bark were mixed in advance, mechanically cut, and the short fiber was loosened with a rotating blade on the ground surface. Adjust to a depth of 3 cm and pull the dust generator with 8 non-rotating claws, mix well with about 5 cm of surface soil, remove fine powder with a 1 mm mesh, and remove with a 5 mm mesh. Roll up the earth and sand, excluding coarse grains, about 1 mm, and apply a simple rolling roller.
[0016]
(Example 4) A cedar bark that has been mechanically cut into short fibers is spread on the ground surface with a rotating blade, spread to a thickness of about 1 cm with Air Gun, and engraved with five non-rotating claws. Adjust the puller to a depth of 3 cm and pull it around, mix well with about 6 cm of surface soil, stir, level with a bulldozer with a sensor, and apply simple rolling pressure. On top of that, heavy calcium silicate fine soil is spread to a thickness of about 1 mm.
[0017]
(Example 5) Of the cedar bark mechanically cut into short fibers, 3 to 5 cm of a relatively coarse one is mixed with about 25% of soil having a ground depth of 20 cm to form a drainage layer. On top of that, most of the small cedar bark, which is crushed, is mixed with about 30% of fine particles of 1 cm or less on the sand, spread to a thickness of about 3 cm, leveled with a bulldozer with a sensor, and subjected to simple rolling.
[0018]
( Reference Example 6) A bark of cedar or cypress bark crushed to 5 cm or less with a hammer-type pulverizer is laid at a thickness of about 10 cm at the exit of the vehicle at the construction site, and this bark is spread with dirt adhering to the truck tires. Wipe with.
[0019]
Control (conventional method)
The ground soil is dug up to a depth of 20 cm from the surface, transported, fine powder is removed with a newly opened mesh of 1 mm, coarse soil is cut with a 5 mm mesh, and the ground is leveled and rolled. Roll and get the ground.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained.
[0021]
[Table 1]

[0022]
○ (Measuring method) Each sample of 1 meter square size was made and left outdoors for a week, then it was carried into the wind tunnel, the wind speed was gradually increased, and dust was found on the adhesive tape provided to capture the dust. The wind speed of time was taken as the starting sand speed. Wind speed is 10 meters and 15M. The amount of sand that was increased to sec ⁻¹ and exposed to strong winds for 1 hour and scattered during that time was taken as the amount of flying sand.
[0023]
○ The product of the present invention showed much less flying sand than the conventional method in both the starting sand speed and the amount of flying sand.
[0024]
[Table 2]

[0025]
○ (Measurement method) Water permeability was measured by the constant water level method.
[0026]
○ The product of the present invention has a water permeability coefficient that is significantly better than that of the conventional method, and it has been shown that the water permeability can be maintained over a long period of time.
[0027]
[Table 3]

[0028]
○ (Measurement method) The porosity was measured with a Beckmann porosimeter.
[0029]
○ The product of the present invention is superior to the conventional method in terms of porosity, suggesting superior drainage and cushioning properties.
[0030]
[Table 4]

[0031]
○ (Measuring method) Measured by the Blocter needle penetration resistance test method and tried to have a cushioning finger.
[0032]
O It is clear that the product of the present invention is significantly improved in cushioning properties compared to conventional methods, and can provide a ground with good cushioning properties over a long period of time.

Claims

Sports facilities, sediment the fiber length of the soil surface layer of parks Square a blown sand prevention construction how to mix the following short fibrous substance 1 cm, the short fibrous substance, cedar, cypress, eucalyptus, cedarwood Alternatively, a method for preventing flying sand characterized by mechanically cutting natural bark such as coconut shells.

The method for preventing sand from flying according to claim 1, wherein the short fibrous material is loosened with a rotary blade and then mixed with earth and sand.

2. The method for preventing flying sand according to claim 1, wherein the soil on the spot is recycled and used without replacing the earth and sand on the surface of the earth.

2. The short fibrous material is loosened before or while being constructed with a rotary blade, and the short fibrous material is mixed with earth and sand while digging up the surface soil with a machine having a plurality of non-rotating claws. How to prevent sand flying.