JP4096763B2 - Soy milk products including sterilized soy milk and sterilized soy milk - Google Patents

Soy milk products including sterilized soy milk and sterilized soy milk Download PDF

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JP4096763B2
JP4096763B2 JP2003055570A JP2003055570A JP4096763B2 JP 4096763 B2 JP4096763 B2 JP 4096763B2 JP 2003055570 A JP2003055570 A JP 2003055570A JP 2003055570 A JP2003055570 A JP 2003055570A JP 4096763 B2 JP4096763 B2 JP 4096763B2
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soy milk
soymilk
sterilized
soy
solid content
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JP2004261107A (en
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隆司 西村
等 横山
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Fuji Oil Co Ltd
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Fuji Oil Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は滅菌豆乳及び滅菌豆乳が含まれる豆乳製品に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
【特許文献1】
特開平10−295308号公報
【特許文献2】
特開昭59−059151号公報
【特許文献3】
特開平02−257831号公報
【非特許文献1】
平成12年12月19日農林水産省告示第1684号
【0003】
近年、大豆蛋白質のコレステロールを低下させる効果が明らかにされ、これに伴い豆乳、調製豆乳、豆乳飲料その他各種豆乳製品への関心が急速に高まっている。なお、豆乳、調製豆乳及び豆乳飲料の規格は日本農林規格により定められている(非特許文献1)。
【0004】
同時に、豆乳は近年風味や食感が改善されたものが開発されている。例えば特許文献1では豆乳臭を改善し、すっきりした食感の豆乳を得る方法が開示されている。しかし消費者の嗜好傾向は多種多様であり、逆に濃厚感(コク)を有する豆乳が年齢層や食の場面によっては嗜好される場合もある。
【0005】
従来から豆乳に濃厚感を付与する方法として、通常以下の方法が用いられている。
(イ)豆乳を濃縮し、固形分含量を上げる方法。
(ロ)豆乳に大豆たん白を添加し、固形分含量を上げる方法。
(ハ)豆乳に増粘剤を添加し、豆乳の粘度を増大させる方法。
(ニ)おからを微細化処理しておからを分離せずに分散させる方法。
【0006】
しかし、上記方法では不溶性物質が増えたりし、滅菌処理によく使用される間接加熱装置(プレート式殺菌装置等)を用いた場合に付着や焦げが生じ易く、また凝集や沈殿の問題も発生しやすくなるので、加熱温度を上昇させにくく、保存性も悪いという問題があった。
【0007】
しかも本出願人の知見によれば、せっかく固形分含量を上げて増粘させても、直接蒸気注入方式による滅菌処理(直接加熱)を行うと蛋白質の微細化効果が生じるためか、粘度が低下してしまい、十分な濃厚感が得られなかった。また濃縮の工程や大豆蛋白を添加する工程が付加されることにより、製造コストが増大する問題もあった。
【0008】
また上記(ハ)の方法は増粘剤により粘度が上昇して濃厚感は出るものの、豆乳自体のコク味とは違う異質な糊っぽさが生じてしまう問題がある。また上記(ニ)の方法も固形分が増えるため濃厚感は出るものの、不溶性繊維であるおからを含むため如何に微細化してもザラツキ感があって喉ごしが悪く、豆乳のさらりとした喉ごしは得られず、豆乳自体のコク味にも欠けるという問題があった。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、本発明の目的は、上記のような問題が生ずることなく豆乳自体の濃厚感(コク味)が付与された豆乳を得ることである。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは上記課題に鑑み鋭意研究を行った結果、豆乳製造中や得られた豆乳に対して蛋白質架橋酵素を凝固しない程度に作用させると、得られた豆乳の粘度が上昇するが、次いで滅菌処理を施しても粘度の低下が抑えられ、濃厚感と保存性の両立した豆乳が得られる知見を得た。
【0011】
さらに驚くべき点は、かかる酵素処理と滅菌処理の併用は、豆乳独特の豆臭を著しく低下させ、非常に風味良好な豆乳を得ることができたことである。
【0012】
以上得られた知見から、本発明は下記に記載の通り、
(1)豆乳又は豆乳の製造工程中の大豆原料に蛋白質架橋酵素を作用させ、次いで滅菌処理する工程を含むことを特徴として得られた滅菌豆乳、
(2)大豆固形分が7〜15重量%の豆乳に換算した場合に、粘度が20〜250mPa・sである(1)に記載の滅菌豆乳、
(3)滅菌処理温度が122〜160℃である(1)又は(2)に記載の滅菌豆乳、
(4)滅菌処理が直接蒸気注入方式により行われる(1)〜(3)に何れか記載の滅菌豆乳、
(5)(1)〜(4)に何れか記載の滅菌豆乳が含まれる豆乳製品、
(6)豆乳製品が豆乳、調製豆乳、豆乳飲料、清涼飲料、豆乳プリン、豆乳ゼリー、豆乳スープからなる群より選択される(5)に記載の豆乳製品、
を開示したものである。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明を詳細に説明する。まず本発明に記載の滅菌豆乳は、日本農林規格に規定されている豆乳だけでなく、調製豆乳、豆乳飲料、豆乳入りの清涼飲料をも包含される概念である。
【0014】
本発明の滅菌豆乳は、高温下における加熱処理により豆乳中の微生物、特に耐熱菌をも完全に死滅させた豆乳であって常温又は冷蔵で通常3ヵ月以上の長期保存が可能な豆乳である。したがって豆腐製造用に作られる豆腐用豆乳や冷蔵で数週間しか保存できない豆乳とは異なる。豆乳中の耐熱菌が滅菌されるには、少なくともF値が4(分)以上の加熱処理が施されていることが好ましい。なお、F値は121℃で一定数の細菌を死滅させるのに要する加熱時間(分)を示す。
【0015】
〔本発明の滅菌豆乳の製造態様〕
本発明の滅菌豆乳は大豆を原料とすることが適当である。大豆は雑味を除去するために種皮、胚軸部を予め除去した脱皮脱胚軸大豆が適当である。また大豆の青臭味の発生を防止するために、予め高圧水蒸気を噴射する等の加熱処理によりリポキシゲナーゼ等の酵素を失活させた大豆を使用することが適当である。
【0016】
大豆から豆乳を得るための方法は公知の方法をいずれも用いることができる。例えば従来より豆腐の製造に慣用されている方法、すなわち大豆を水浸漬して膨潤大豆とし、これを微粒化機により微粉砕して懸濁液(以下、「スラリー」と称する。)を得、これを遠心分離機等によって固液分離を行い、おからに相当する不溶性残渣を除去し、豆乳を得る方法を用いることができる。また前記方法によれば大豆が磨砕され細胞壁から多糖類が抽出されることにより豆臭さが残る傾向にあるため、特許文献1に記載されるように、膨潤させた大豆をまず回転刃型剪断力にて大豆の細胞を滑らかに切断し、次にホモゲナイザーなどの摩擦剪断力を作用させて大豆を微細化したものからおからを分離して豆乳を得る方法を用いることがより好ましい。
【0017】
大豆から豆乳を抽出する温度、pH等の条件は豆乳の固形分や風味に応じて当業者が適宜設定すればよいが、最終的に得られる豆乳の固形分(大豆固形分)は、豆乳に換算した場合に7〜15重量%、好ましくは8〜14重量%、より好ましくは9〜12重量%の固形分とすることが適当である。大豆固形分が7重量%未満だと粘度、濃厚感を得るために蛋白質架橋酵素の添加量が多量に必要となり、また15重量%を超えると蛋白質架橋酵素との反応で粘度が上がりすぎ、凝集、凝固が起こりやすくなる。ちなみに上記範囲内であれば豆乳粉末や粉末状大豆蛋白を添加したり、濃縮を行って固形分を調整することは妨げない。ただし、いくら固形分を上げて濃厚感の付与を試みても、直接蒸気注入方式による滅菌処理を行うと粘度が低下してしまい、十分な濃厚感は得られない。例えば大豆固形分が9重量%の豆乳に滅菌処理を施すと粘度は8mPa・sとなってしまう。そして大豆固形分約13重量%の豆乳を煮沸加熱(100℃)すると粘度は約40mPa・sに上昇する。しかし大豆固形分約13重量%の豆乳を滅菌処理するとたちまち粘度は低下して約15mPa・sとなってしまい、濃厚感が得られず、大豆固形分を増やした効果はほとんど奏しない。このように高温で滅菌処理を行うと粘度が低下してしまう原因は定かではないが、おそらく濃縮したときの粘度上昇は結合力が比較的弱い蛋白質分子どおしの疎水結合によるものであるため、高温加熱のエネルギーにより容易に切断されてしまうためではないかと推察される。
【0018】
本発明の粘度20〜250mPa・sを有する滅菌豆乳を得るためには、蛋白質架橋酵素を作用させることが重要である。蛋白質架橋酵素は、豆乳又は豆乳の製造工程中の大豆原料に作用させることが好ましい。すなわち大豆を水浸漬して膨潤大豆を得る工程中に、得られた膨潤大豆に、膨潤大豆を微粉砕してスラリーを得る工程中に、得られたスラリーに、スラリーから豆乳とおからを分離する工程中に、または得られた豆乳に作用させることが好ましい。ただし、おからを分離する前の工程において酵素を作用させた場合、おから中の蛋白質と豆乳中の蛋白質が架橋されるためか、豆乳の収率が低下する傾向となるため、おからを分離させて得られた豆乳に作用させることが特に好ましい。
【0019】
蛋白質架橋酵素としては、蛋白質分子どおしの架橋を触媒する酵素であれば特に限定されず、例えばアミノ基が関与するグルタミン残基〔−(CH2)2−CO−NH2〕とリジン残基〔NH2−(CH2)4−〕の縮合反応、アスパラギン残基〔−CH2−CO−NH2〕とリジン残基の縮合反応などのε−アミノ基が関与する反応を触媒するものが挙げられる。またアミノ基は関与しないが、システイン残基のチオール基(−SH)どおしの縮合反応を触媒するものも使用できる。これらの共有結合は非常に強固であり、高温による加熱処理のエネルギーによっても切断されにくい。具体的には、グルタミン残基とリジン残基の縮合を触媒するトランスグルタミナーゼ(EC2.3.2.13)やチオール基どおしを縮合し、ジスルフィド結合(−S−S−)の形成を触媒するチオール・ジスルフィド交換酵素(protein disulfide-isomerase, EC5.3.4.1)などが挙げられる。実用的にはトランスグルタミナーゼを使用することが好ましい。トランスグルタミナーゼの起源は特に限定されず、動物由来、微生物由来、植物由来のものをいずれも使用できる。また精製した酵素を使用しても良いし、市販の製剤を使用することも可能である。
【0020】
蛋白質架橋酵素の反応条件は反応後滅菌前の豆乳の粘度が20〜400mPa・s、好ましくは30〜300mPa・sとなるように反応させればよく、かかる条件は当業者が適宜選択しうるが、例えばトランスグルタミナーゼの場合、好ましい反応条件は次の通りである。トランスグルタミナーゼの使用量は、豆乳の粘度が増加しすぎ、凝固や離水が生じない程度、すなわちゲル化させない程度とするのが適当である。具体的にはトランスグルタミナーゼ活性(ハイドロキサメート法)として豆乳蛋白質1gあたり1.5〜10.0ユニット、好ましくは2〜9ユニット、さらに好ましくは3〜7.5ユニットにすることが適当である。使用量が少なすぎると滅菌後に所定の粘度が得られず濃厚感が不十分な滅菌豆乳となる。また使用量が多すぎると豆腐のように凝固、離水が起こり飲料として適さない。豆乳のpHは特に調整する必要はなく、中性付近のpHで行えばよいが、通常pH5〜9、好ましくは6〜8で行うことができる。このpH範囲より低すぎたり高すぎたりすると酵素が失活し、所定の効果が得がたい。反応温度は0〜80℃、好ましくは20℃〜70℃、より好ましくは40℃〜60℃とすることが適当である。温度が低すぎると所定の粘度に上がるまで反応時間がかかりすぎ、また温度が高すぎると酵素が失活してしまう。
【0021】
なお日本農林規格上の「豆乳」として製造する場合には、豆乳以外の原料を添加することを要しないが、「調製豆乳」や「豆乳飲料」等の豆乳以外の原料を含む豆乳やその他豆乳製品を製造する場合は、豆乳以外の原料を滅菌処理前に混合・溶解することができる。なお豆乳以外の原料の混合時期は蛋白質架橋酵素を作用させる前後いずれでも可能であるが、蛋白質架橋酵素の作用後に混合することが好ましい。豆乳以外の原料としては、果汁、野菜、甘味料、調味料、澱粉や増粘多糖類等の増粘剤、食物繊維、ビタミン、ミネラル、香料、酸味料、乳化剤等の食品に一般的に使用されている食品素材・食品添加物を用いることができる。この場合、後の滅菌工程に供給するために、ホモゲナイザー等により均質化し、液状にしておくことが好ましい。
【0022】
上記方法により豆乳に換算して粘度が20〜400mPa・s、好ましくは30〜300mPa・sとなったものを滅菌処理する。滅菌処理装置としては高温瞬間殺菌(UHT)装置を用いることができ、プレート式熱交換装置や掻き取り式熱交換装置等の間接加熱装置、又は直接加熱装置のいずれも用いることができるが、プレート式熱交換装置では大豆固形分が高くなるにつれ配管内部に固形分が徐々に付着し、度々洗浄操作が必要となるので、かかる操作が不要な直接加熱装置が好ましく、さらに直接蒸気注入方式は蒸気の吹込み後に真空処理を行うため、豆乳の脱臭効果を伴うため特に好ましい。またUHT装置とは異なるがレトルト殺菌も滅菌処理が可能ではある。しかし、滅菌に長時間を要するため豆乳の風味劣化や褐変が生じやすくなるため避けるべきである。
【0023】
豆乳中の耐熱菌が滅菌されるためには、少なくともF値が4(分)相当、好ましくは6(分)相当以上の加熱処理が施されることが好ましい。かかる条件を満足するために、滅菌のための温度は122〜160℃、好ましくは125〜160℃、より好ましくは135〜160℃、さらに好ましくは140〜160℃で行うことが適当である。122℃より低いと大豆中の耐熱菌の滅菌が困難か、又は滅菌に長時間を要する。また160℃を超えると風味の劣化や焦げ等が生じやすい。滅菌のための加熱時間は上記温度帯においてF値が4相当以上となる時間を設定すればよいが、通常2秒〜30秒、好ましくは4秒〜10秒で行うことが適当である。2秒より短時間であると滅菌が十分でなく、30秒を超えると風味の劣化や焦げ、着色等の問題が生じる可能性がある。
【0024】
滅菌処理された豆乳は10℃以下に冷却され、無菌的に充填され、滅菌豆乳としてそのまま市販することも可能であるし、各種豆乳製品の原料用豆乳として供給が可能である。そして滅菌処理されているため、常温又は冷蔵で3ヶ月以上の長期保存が可能である。
【0025】
上記により得られた滅菌豆乳は豆乳に換算した場合、すなわち豆乳以外の原料を除いたとした場合に、大豆固形分が7〜15重量%、好ましくは8〜14重量%、より好ましくは9〜12重量%であり、このときの粘度が20〜250mPa・s、好ましくは30〜150mPa・sを有する。このように通常の製造法による豆乳であれば、同程度の固形分の場合、滅菌処理を行うと多くとも15mPa・sの粘度に低下してしまうため、本滅菌豆乳は滅菌処理を行っても粘度低下が抑制されるため、通常の豆乳には有さない濃厚感(コク味)が付与されている。
【0026】
すなわち、豆乳に濃厚感を付与するために濃縮したり、大豆蛋白粉末を添加したり、オカラを分離しないで大豆固形分を上げたり、増粘剤をしようしたりせずとも、通常の豆乳と変わらぬ大豆固形分濃度を有し、かつ滅菌豆乳でありながら違和感のない豆乳本来の濃厚感を有するものである。
【0027】
しかも驚くべきことに蛋白質架橋酵素の作用と滅菌処理を組合せたことにより、従来の豆乳の製造技術では解消できなかった独特の豆臭さが飛躍的に改善され、極めて良好な風味とすることが可能である。
【0028】
また製造者は、本滅菌豆乳を豆乳素材として各種豆乳製品の製造に利用することできる。例えば調製豆乳、豆乳飲料、清涼飲料、乳酸発酵豆乳、プリン、スープ、ゼリー、冷菓、焼菓子、和菓子、スナック、パン、ケーキ、ヨーグルト、チーズ、クリーム、フィリング、チョコレート、スプレッド、マヨネーズ、ソース、フライ食品、水産練製品、畜肉製品等に利用することができ、かかる例示に限定されるものでもない。
【0029】
上記のように本滅菌豆乳を製造原料として各種豆乳製品を製造してもよいし、上記各種製品を製造する工程中において本発明の滅菌豆乳を製造する工程が含まれていても良い。例えば、豆乳にトランスグルタミナーゼを作用させた液にその他の原料を加えて混合し、次いで滅菌処理を行い、この液を続いて各種豆乳製品に加工することができる。
【0030】
【実施例】
以下に本発明の滅菌豆乳の実施例を記載するが、かかる記載により本発明の技術的思想が限定されないことはいうまでもない。なお、以下「%」と記載するときは「重量%」を差すものとする。
【0031】
〔実施例1〕滅菌豆乳の製造
脱皮脱胚軸大豆1重量部(以下、部)に水10部を加え、30〜50℃で60分間以上浸漬して十分に吸水した膨潤大豆(水分含量40〜55%)1部に対し、熱水(90℃)3部を加えたものをグラインダー(増幸産業(株)製)で微細化し、磨砕液(スラリー)を得た。遠心分離機によって3000Gで5分間処理し、豆乳とおからを分離した。この原料豆乳は固形分9.0%で蛋白質含量4.5%でpHは6.8であった。
【0032】
次に得られた豆乳を60℃に保温しつつ、豆乳の蛋白質1gあたり0.2gのトランスグルタミナーゼ製剤「アクティバスーパーカード」(味の素(株)製)(トランスグルタミナーゼ0.2%、還元麦芽糖粉末他99.8%、酵素力価17〜26ユニット/g)を60分間作用させた。反応後、直ちに直接蒸気注入方式による滅菌処理装置(直接加熱装置)に供給し、150℃で4秒間滅菌処理(F値51.7分相当)を行い、10℃に冷却後、無菌包装に無菌充填を行い、滅菌豆乳を得た。得られた滅菌豆乳は大豆固形分が9.0%ながら粘度が40mPa・sもあり、増粘剤のような違和感のある濃厚感とは異なる自然な濃厚感があり、また驚くべきことに従来の豆乳の製造技術では解消し得なかった独特の豆臭さがなくなり、極めて良好な風味を有していた。
【0033】
〔実施例2〕滅菌豆乳の製造
実施例1と同様に豆乳にトランスグルタミナーゼを作用させた後、直ちにプレート式殺菌機(間接加熱装置)に供給し、150℃で4秒間滅菌処理を行い、同様に滅菌豆乳を得た。得られた滅菌豆乳は大豆固形分が9.0%ながら粘度が60mPa・sもあり、実施例1と同等の濃厚感が得られた。風味についても良好であったが、実施例1の方が豆臭の改良効果は高かった。
【0034】
〔試験例1〕大豆固形分濃度が滅菌豆乳の濃厚感に及ぼす影響
実施例1と同様の方法で蛋白質架橋酵素を作用させずに滅菌豆乳を製造した。また得られた豆乳を濃縮して表1に示す大豆固形分濃度に調整し(テスト1〜4)、大豆固形分濃度の増量が滅菌豆乳の濃厚感に及ぼす効果を調べた。これらを直接蒸気注入方式による滅菌処理装置に供給し、150℃で4秒間滅菌処理を行い、実施例1と同様に滅菌豆乳を得た。得られた豆乳の大豆固形分、粘度、保存性及び豆臭の有無について表1に示した。
【0035】
【表1】

Figure 0004096763
(評価基準)
・濃厚感/◎非常に良好、○良好、△可、×不可
・豆臭/◎非常に少ない、○少ない、△やや多い、×非常に多い
・保存性(常温3ヶ月の保存性)/◎非常に良好、○良好、△可、×不可
【0036】
蛋白質架橋酵素を作用させなかったテスト1〜4はいずれも滅菌処理はできたが、大豆固形分をいくら上げても粘度が実施例1の40mPa・sほどには上昇せず、十分な濃厚感は得られなかった。逆に固形分が高くなるに連れて大豆臭が強くなる傾向となった。以上の結果より大豆固形分を上げても滅菌処理を行うと濃厚感が十分に得られなかった。
【0037】
〔試験例2〕殺菌方式による滅菌豆乳の品質への影響
実施例1と同様の方法で蛋白質架橋酵素を作用させ、又はさせずに豆乳を製造した。そして大豆固形分と殺菌方式(直接加熱、間接加熱、煮沸、未加熱)による滅菌豆乳の品質への影響について調べた(表2のテスト5〜9)。評価は試験例1と同様にして行った。
【0038】
【表2】
Figure 0004096763
【0039】
テスト5の結果から、酵素を作用させると粘度が実施例1並みとなり、濃厚感が得られたものの、煮沸では従来からの豆乳独特の豆臭は消えなかった。さらに常温3ヶ月での保存性も全くなく、濃厚感を保持する滅菌豆乳は得られなかった。また大豆固形分を増量した場合に、テスト6〜9の通り煮沸殺菌であれば粘度が実施例1並みとなり、濃厚感が出た。しかし豆臭は強く風味良好な品質は得られなかった。しかも常温3ヶ月の保存性は全くなく、煮沸殺菌では濃厚感を保持する滅菌豆乳は得られなかった。以上の結果より、濃厚感があって豆臭が極めて少なく、かつ保存が可能な豆乳を得るには、蛋白質架橋酵素の作用と滅菌処理の組合せが必須と考えられる。
【0040】
〔試験例3〕
実施例1と同様にして滅菌豆乳を製造した。この際、トランスグルタミナーゼ製剤「アクティバスーパーカード」(味の素(株)製)(トランスグルタミナーゼ0.2%、還元麦芽糖粉末他99.8%、酵素力価17〜26ユニット/g)の豆乳蛋白質1gあたりの添加量を表3の通り変化させ、蛋白質架橋酵素の量による滅菌豆乳の品質への影響を調べた(テスト10〜15)。評価は試験例1と同様にして行った。
【0041】
【表3】
Figure 0004096763
【0042】
テスト12の通り、豆乳蛋白質1gあたり酵素製剤として0.15g以上添加して反応、滅菌することで粘度が高く、濃厚感があり、豆臭が非常に低下した、滅菌された豆乳を得る事ができた。しかしテスト15のように豆乳たん白質1gあたり酵素製剤を0.40g添加し反応させたところ、蛋白質がゲル化し、凝固、離水が認められ滅菌処理ができなかった。以上の結果より、濃厚感があって豆臭が非常に少なく、かつ滅菌された豆乳を得るには、反応温度60℃、反応時間60分間として、トランスグルタミナーゼ製剤(トランスグルタミナーゼ0.2%)として、豆乳たん白質1gあたり0.12〜0.35g、トランスグルタミナーゼ活性(ハイドロキサメート法)として豆乳たん白質1gあたり1.5〜10.0ユニットの添加が必須と考えられる。
【0043】
〔実施例2〕滅菌調製豆乳の製造
実施例1と同様の方法でトランスグルタミナーゼを作用させた豆乳100部に対して、砂糖3部、植物性油脂1.3部、食塩0.3部、乳化剤0.1部、香料0.2部、水23.7部を添加して溶解し、ホモゲナイザー(APV社製)に供給し、100kg/cm2にて均質化した。次いで直接蒸気注入方式による滅菌処理装置に供給し、150℃で4秒間滅菌処理を行い、10℃に冷却後、無菌包装に無菌充填を行い、滅菌調製豆乳を得た。得られた滅菌豆乳は大豆固形分が7.0%であり、粘度が40mPa・sであった。実施例1と同様に増粘剤のような違和感のある濃厚感とは異なる自然な濃厚感があり、また独特の豆臭さも感じられず、極めて良好な風味を有していた。
【0044】
〔実施例3〕滅菌豆乳飲料の製造
実施例1と同様の方法で調製した豆乳にトランスグルタミナーゼ製剤「アクティバスーパーカード」(味の素(株)製)を豆乳蛋白質1gあたり0.25g添加し、60℃で30分間反応させた。この豆乳100部に対し、砂糖15部、ココアパウダー2部、植物性油脂1.5部、食塩0.3部、安定剤0.4部、香料0.2部、水60.6部を添加して溶解し、ホモゲナイザー(APV社製)に供給し、100kg/cm2にて均質化した。次いで直接蒸気注入方式による滅菌処理装置に供給し、150℃で4秒間滅菌処理を行い、10℃に冷却後、無菌包装に無菌充填を行い、滅菌ココア豆乳飲料を得た。得られた滅菌ココア豆乳飲料は大豆固形分が5.0%であり、粘度が40mPa・sであった。実施例1と同様に増粘剤のような違和感のある濃厚感とは異なる自然な濃厚感があり、また独特の豆臭さも感じられず、極めて良好な風味を有していた。
【0045】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、蛋白質架橋酵素の作用と滅菌処理を併用することにより、豆乳の通常の固形分(7〜15重量%)の範囲においても豆乳本来の濃厚感(コク味)を発揮し、なおかつ従来の豆乳の製法では解消し得なかった豆臭を著しく低下させた風味良好な滅菌豆乳を得ることが可能となったものであり、豆乳産業の発達に大いに貢献しうるものである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to sterilized soymilk and soymilk products containing sterilized soymilk.
[0002]
[Prior art]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-295308 [Patent Document 2]
JP 59-059151 A [Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 02-257831 [Non-Patent Document 1]
December 19, 2000 Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Notification No. 1684 [0003]
In recent years, the effect of lowering the cholesterol of soy protein has been clarified, and accordingly, interest in soy milk, prepared soy milk, soy milk drinks and other various soy milk products has rapidly increased. The standards for soy milk, prepared soy milk, and soy milk drinks are determined by Japanese Agricultural Standards (Non-Patent Document 1).
[0004]
At the same time, soybean milk with improved flavor and texture has been developed in recent years. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a method for improving soymilk odor and obtaining a soymilk with a clean texture. However, consumers tend to have a wide variety of preference trends, and conversely, soy milk having a richness (brightness) may be preferred depending on the age group and scene of food.
[0005]
Conventionally, the following methods are usually used as methods for imparting a rich feeling to soy milk.
(A) A method of concentrating soy milk to increase the solid content.
(B) A method in which soybean protein is added to soy milk to increase the solid content.
(C) A method of increasing the viscosity of soy milk by adding a thickener to soy milk.
(D) A method in which okara is refined and dispersed without separating okara.
[0006]
However, in the above method, insoluble substances increase, and when using an indirect heating device (plate type sterilizer, etc.) often used for sterilization, adhesion and scorching are likely to occur, and problems of aggregation and precipitation also occur. Since it becomes easy, there was a problem that it was difficult to raise the heating temperature and the storage stability was poor.
[0007]
Moreover, according to the knowledge of the present applicant, even if the solid content is increased to increase the viscosity, if the sterilization process (direct heating) by the direct steam injection method is performed, the effect of refining the protein will occur, or the viscosity will decrease. As a result, a sufficient richness could not be obtained. In addition, there is a problem that the manufacturing cost increases due to the addition of the concentration step and the step of adding soybean protein.
[0008]
In addition, the method (c) has a problem in that although the viscosity is increased by the thickener and a rich feeling is produced, a different paste from the rich taste of the soymilk itself is produced. In addition, although the above method (d) also has a solid feeling due to an increase in solid content, it contains an insoluble fiber such as okara, so no matter how refined it is, it feels rough and has a bad throat, making the soy milk dry. There was a problem that the soy milk itself could not be obtained and the soymilk itself lacked the rich taste.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to obtain a soy milk to which a rich feeling (kokumi) of soy milk itself is imparted without causing the above problems.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of conducting intensive studies in view of the above problems, the inventors of the present invention have increased the viscosity of the obtained soymilk when the protein cross-linking enzyme is allowed to act on the soymilk during and during the production of soymilk. Subsequently, even when sterilization was performed, the decrease in viscosity was suppressed, and knowledge was obtained that a soy milk having a rich feeling and a storage stability could be obtained.
[0011]
Further surprisingly, the combined use of the enzyme treatment and the sterilization treatment significantly reduced the soy odor peculiar to soy milk, and was able to obtain soy milk having a very good taste.
[0012]
From the knowledge obtained above, the present invention is as described below,
(1) Sterile soymilk obtained by including a step of allowing a protein cross-linking enzyme to act on soy milk or a soy raw material in the process of producing soymilk, and then sterilizing,
(2) The sterilized soymilk according to (1) having a viscosity of 20 to 250 mPa · s when converted to soymilk having a soybean solid content of 7 to 15% by weight,
(3) The sterilized soymilk according to (1) or (2), wherein the sterilization temperature is 122 to 160 ° C.
(4) The sterilized soymilk according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the sterilization is performed by a direct steam injection method,
(5) a soy milk product containing the sterilized soy milk according to any one of (1) to (4),
(6) The soy milk product according to (5), wherein the soy milk product is selected from the group consisting of soy milk, prepared soy milk, soy milk drink, soft drink, soy milk pudding, soy milk jelly, soy milk soup,
Is disclosed.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is described in detail below. First, the sterilized soymilk described in the present invention is a concept that includes not only soymilk stipulated in the Japanese Agricultural Standards, but also prepared soymilk, soymilk drinks, and soft drinks containing soymilk.
[0014]
The sterilized soy milk of the present invention is a soy milk in which microorganisms in the soy milk, particularly heat-resistant bacteria, have been completely killed by heat treatment at a high temperature, and can be stored at room temperature or refrigerated for usually 3 months or longer. Therefore, it is different from soy milk for tofu made for tofu production and soy milk that can be stored refrigerated for only a few weeks. In order to sterilize heat-resistant bacteria in soy milk, it is preferable that at least an F value of 4 (min) or higher is applied. In addition, F value shows the heating time (minute) required to kill a fixed number of bacteria at 121 degreeC.
[0015]
[Production Mode of Sterilized Soymilk of the Present Invention]
The sterilized soymilk of the present invention is suitably made from soybeans. In order to remove the miscellaneous taste, soy-dehulled soybean with the seed coat and hypocotyl removed in advance is suitable. In order to prevent the generation of the blue odor of soybeans, it is appropriate to use soybeans in which an enzyme such as lipoxygenase has been deactivated in advance by heat treatment such as spraying high-pressure steam.
[0016]
Any known method can be used for obtaining soy milk from soybeans. For example, a method conventionally used in the production of tofu, that is, soybeans are immersed in water to obtain swollen soybeans, which are pulverized by a pulverizer to obtain a suspension (hereinafter referred to as “slurry”). A method of obtaining a soy milk by solid-liquid separation using a centrifuge or the like to remove insoluble residues corresponding to okara can be used. Further, according to the above method, since soybean is ground and the bean odor tends to remain when polysaccharides are extracted from the cell wall, as described in Patent Document 1, swollen soybeans are first rotated blade type. It is more preferable to use a method in which soybean cells are smoothly cut by a shearing force, and then soy milk is obtained by separating the okara from the refined soybean by applying a frictional shearing force such as a homogenizer.
[0017]
Conditions such as temperature and pH for extracting soy milk from soybeans may be appropriately set by those skilled in the art according to the solid content and flavor of soy milk, but the final soy milk solid content (soy solid content) When converted, it is appropriate that the solid content is 7 to 15% by weight, preferably 8 to 14% by weight, more preferably 9 to 12% by weight. If the soy solid content is less than 7% by weight, a large amount of protein cross-linking enzyme must be added to obtain a viscosity and richness. If it exceeds 15% by weight, the reaction with the protein cross-linking enzyme will increase the viscosity too much and cause aggregation. Coagulation is likely to occur. By the way, so long as it is within the above range, adding soymilk powder or powdered soy protein or concentrating to adjust the solid content is not hindered. However, no matter how much the solid content is increased to give a rich feeling, if the sterilization process by the direct steam injection method is performed, the viscosity is lowered and a sufficient rich feeling cannot be obtained. For example, when sterilization is performed on soy milk having a soybean solid content of 9% by weight, the viscosity becomes 8 mPa · s. When soy milk having a soy solid content of about 13% by weight is boiled and heated (100 ° C.), the viscosity increases to about 40 mPa · s. However, when soy milk having a soybean solid content of about 13% by weight is sterilized, the viscosity immediately decreases to about 15 mPa · s, a rich feeling cannot be obtained, and the effect of increasing the soybean solid content is hardly exhibited. The reason why the viscosity decreases when sterilization is performed at such a high temperature is not clear, but probably the increase in viscosity when concentrated is due to the hydrophobic bond between protein molecules with relatively weak binding strength. It is presumed that it is easily cut by the energy of high temperature heating.
[0018]
In order to obtain sterilized soymilk having a viscosity of 20 to 250 mPa · s according to the present invention, it is important to allow a protein cross-linking enzyme to act. The protein cross-linking enzyme is preferably allowed to act on soy milk or a soybean raw material in the production process of soy milk. That is, during the process of obtaining a swollen soybean by immersing the soybean in water, the soy milk and the okara are separated from the slurry into the obtained slurry during the process of pulverizing the swollen soybean into a slurry to obtain a slurry. It is preferable to act on the soy milk obtained during the process. However, if an enzyme is allowed to act in the process before separating the okara, the protein in the okara and the protein in the soy milk are cross-linked or the yield of soy milk tends to decrease, so It is particularly preferable to act on soy milk obtained by separation.
[0019]
The protein cross-linking enzyme is not particularly limited as long as it is an enzyme that catalyzes cross-linking of protein molecules. For example, a glutamine residue [-(CH 2 ) 2 -CO-NH 2 ] involving an amino group and a lysine residue are used. group [NH 2 - (CH 2) 4 - ] condensation reaction, which ε- amino group, such as a condensation reaction of the lysine residue and the asparagine residue [-CH 2 -CO-NH 2] catalyzes the reaction involving Is mentioned. Moreover, although an amino group is not involved, what catalyzes a condensation reaction through a thiol group (—SH) of a cysteine residue can also be used. These covalent bonds are very strong and are not easily broken by heat treatment energy at high temperatures. Specifically, transglutaminase (EC2.3.2.13) that catalyzes the condensation of glutamine and lysine residues and thiol groups are condensed to catalyze the formation of disulfide bonds (-S-S-). Examples include thiol disulfide-isomerase (EC 5.3.4.1). Practically, it is preferable to use transglutaminase. The origin of transglutaminase is not particularly limited, and any of those derived from animals, microorganisms, and plants can be used. A purified enzyme may be used, or a commercially available preparation may be used.
[0020]
The reaction conditions of the protein cross-linking enzyme may be reacted so that the viscosity of the soy milk after the reaction and before sterilization is 20 to 400 mPa · s, preferably 30 to 300 mPa · s. Such conditions can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art. For example, in the case of transglutaminase, preferable reaction conditions are as follows. It is appropriate that the amount of transglutaminase used is such that the viscosity of soy milk increases excessively and does not cause coagulation or water separation, that is, does not cause gelation. Specifically, the transglutaminase activity (hydroxamate method) is suitably 1.5 to 10.0 units, preferably 2 to 9 units, more preferably 3 to 7.5 units per gram of soy milk protein. . If the amount used is too small, a predetermined viscosity cannot be obtained after sterilization, resulting in a sterilized soymilk with an insufficient thick feeling. On the other hand, if the amount used is too large, it solidifies and waters off like tofu and is not suitable as a beverage. The pH of the soy milk is not particularly required to be adjusted, and may be adjusted at a neutral pH, but can be usually adjusted to pH 5 to 9, preferably 6 to 8. If the pH is too low or too high, the enzyme is deactivated and it is difficult to obtain a predetermined effect. The reaction temperature is suitably 0 to 80 ° C, preferably 20 ° C to 70 ° C, more preferably 40 ° C to 60 ° C. If the temperature is too low, it takes too much reaction time to reach a predetermined viscosity, and if the temperature is too high, the enzyme is deactivated.
[0021]
In addition, it is not necessary to add raw materials other than soy milk when manufactured as “soy milk” in accordance with Japanese Agricultural Standards, but soy milk and other soy milk containing raw materials other than soy milk such as “prepared soy milk” and “soy milk beverage” When manufacturing a product, raw materials other than soy milk can be mixed and dissolved before sterilization. The raw materials other than soymilk can be mixed before or after the protein cross-linking enzyme is allowed to act, but it is preferable to mix after the action of the protein cross-linking enzyme. As raw materials other than soy milk, it is generally used for foods such as fruit juice, vegetables, sweeteners, seasonings, thickeners such as starch and thickening polysaccharides, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, flavorings, acidulants, emulsifiers, etc. Food ingredients and food additives that have been used can be used. In this case, in order to supply to a subsequent sterilization step, it is preferable to homogenize with a homogenizer or the like to make it liquid.
[0022]
By the above-mentioned method, sterilized one having a viscosity of 20 to 400 mPa · s, preferably 30 to 300 mPa · s in terms of soy milk. As the sterilization apparatus, a high-temperature instantaneous sterilization (UHT) apparatus can be used, and either an indirect heating apparatus such as a plate-type heat exchange apparatus or a scraping-type heat exchange apparatus, or a direct heating apparatus can be used. In the heat exchanger, the solid content gradually adheres to the inside of the pipe as the soybean solid content increases, and it is often necessary to perform a washing operation. Therefore, a direct heating device that does not require such operation is preferable, and the direct steam injection method uses steam. Since the vacuum treatment is performed after blowing, it is particularly preferable because of the deodorizing effect of soy milk. Moreover, although it is different from the UHT device, retort sterilization can be sterilized. However, since it takes a long time for sterilization, flavor deterioration and browning of soy milk are likely to occur and should be avoided.
[0023]
In order to sterilize the heat-resistant bacteria in soymilk, it is preferable to perform a heat treatment at least with an F value corresponding to 4 (min), preferably 6 (min) or more. In order to satisfy such conditions, the temperature for sterilization is suitably 122 to 160 ° C, preferably 125 to 160 ° C, more preferably 135 to 160 ° C, and further preferably 140 to 160 ° C. If it is lower than 122 ° C, it is difficult to sterilize heat-resistant bacteria in soybean, or it takes a long time for sterilization. Moreover, when it exceeds 160 degreeC, a deterioration of a flavor, a burn, etc. are easy to arise. The heating time for sterilization may be set so that the F value is 4 or more in the above temperature range, but it is usually 2 seconds to 30 seconds, preferably 4 seconds to 10 seconds. If it is shorter than 2 seconds, sterilization is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 30 seconds, problems such as deterioration of flavor, scorching, and coloring may occur.
[0024]
The sterilized soy milk is cooled to 10 ° C. or lower, filled aseptically, and can be directly marketed as sterilized soy milk, or can be supplied as a raw material soy milk for various soy milk products. And since it is sterilized, it can be stored at room temperature or refrigerated for 3 months or longer.
[0025]
When the sterilized soymilk obtained as described above is converted to soymilk, that is, excluding raw materials other than soymilk, the soybean solid content is 7 to 15% by weight, preferably 8 to 14% by weight, more preferably 9 to 12%. The viscosity at this time is 20 to 250 mPa · s, preferably 30 to 150 mPa · s. As described above, if the soy milk is produced by a normal production method, the sterilized soymilk will have a viscosity of 15 mPa · s at most if the sterilization is performed in the case of the same solid content. Since the decrease in viscosity is suppressed, a rich feeling (kokumi) that is not found in normal soymilk is given.
[0026]
In other words, without adding soy milk powder, adding soy protein powder, increasing soy solids without separating okara, or using a thickener, It has a soy solid content concentration that does not change, and is a sterilized soy milk but has a natural thick feeling that does not give a sense of incongruity.
[0027]
Moreover, surprisingly, by combining the action of protein cross-linking enzyme and sterilization treatment, the unique bean odor that could not be solved by the conventional soymilk production technology has been dramatically improved, and it has an extremely good flavor. Is possible.
[0028]
Moreover, the manufacturer can use this sterilized soymilk as a soymilk material for the production of various soymilk products. For example, prepared soy milk, soy milk drink, soft drink, lactic acid fermented soy milk, pudding, soup, jelly, frozen confectionery, baked confectionery, Japanese confectionery, snack, bread, cake, yogurt, cheese, cream, filling, chocolate, spread, mayonnaise, sauce, fry It can be used for foods, fishery products, livestock meat products, etc., and is not limited to such examples.
[0029]
As described above, various soymilk products may be produced using the present sterilized soymilk as a production raw material, and the process of producing the sterilized soymilk of the present invention may be included in the process of producing the above various products. For example, other raw materials can be added to and mixed with a solution obtained by allowing transglutaminase to act on soy milk, and then sterilized, and this liquid can be subsequently processed into various soy milk products.
[0030]
【Example】
Examples of the sterilized soy milk of the present invention will be described below, but it goes without saying that the technical idea of the present invention is not limited by such description. In the following description, “%” means “% by weight”.
[0031]
[Example 1] Manufacture of sterilized soymilk Swollen soybeans (water content 40) with sufficient water absorption by adding 10 parts of water to 1 part by weight (hereinafter referred to as "parts") of moulted and dehulled soybeans and dipping at 30-50 ° C for 60 minutes or longer (55%) 1 part was added to 3 parts of hot water (90 ° C.) and refined with a grinder (manufactured by Masuko Sangyo Co., Ltd.) to obtain a grinding liquid (slurry). The soymilk and okara were separated by processing at 3000 G for 5 minutes with a centrifuge. This raw soymilk had a solid content of 9.0%, a protein content of 4.5% and a pH of 6.8.
[0032]
Next, while maintaining the obtained soy milk at 60 ° C., 0.2 g of transglutaminase preparation “Activa Super Card” (produced by Ajinomoto Co., Inc.) per 1 g of soy milk protein (transglutaminase 0.2%, reduced maltose powder, etc. 99.8%, enzyme titer 17-26 units / g) was allowed to act for 60 minutes. Immediately after the reaction, supply directly to a sterilization apparatus (direct heating apparatus) by direct steam injection, sterilize at 150 ° C for 4 seconds (F value equivalent to 51.7 minutes), cool to 10 ° C, and aseptically packaged Filling was performed to obtain sterilized soymilk. The obtained sterilized soymilk has a soybean solid content of 9.0% and a viscosity of 40 mPa · s, which has a natural rich feeling different from a thick feeling with a sense of incongruity like a thickener. The soymilk production technology of the present invention lost the unique bean odor that could not be resolved, and had a very good flavor.
[0033]
[Example 2] Production of sterilized soymilk After transglutaminase was allowed to act on soymilk in the same manner as in Example 1, it was immediately supplied to a plate type sterilizer (indirect heating device) and sterilized at 150 ° C for 4 seconds. Sterile soymilk was obtained. The obtained sterilized soymilk had a soybean solid content of 9.0% and a viscosity of 60 mPa · s, and a thick feeling equivalent to Example 1 was obtained. The flavor was also good, but Example 1 was more effective in improving the bean odor.
[0034]
[Test Example 1] Effect of Soybean Solid Concentration on Concentration of Sterile Soymilk Sterile soymilk was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 without using a protein cross-linking enzyme. The obtained soymilk was concentrated and adjusted to the soy solid content concentration shown in Table 1 (Tests 1 to 4), and the effect of increasing the soy solid content concentration on the richness of sterilized soymilk was examined. These were supplied directly to a sterilization apparatus using a steam injection method, and sterilized at 150 ° C. for 4 seconds. As in Example 1, sterilized soymilk was obtained. Table 1 shows the soybean solid content, viscosity, storage stability, and the presence or absence of a bean odor of the obtained soymilk.
[0035]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004096763
(Evaluation criteria)
・ Thickness / ◎ Very good, ○ Good, △ Acceptable, × Not possible ・ Bean odor / ◎ Very little, ○ Less, △ Slightly more, × Very much ・ Preservability (storage stability at room temperature for 3 months) / ◎ Very good, ○ good, △ acceptable, × impossible [0036]
Tests 1 to 4 in which the protein cross-linking enzyme was not allowed to act were sterilized, but no matter how much the soybean solid content was increased, the viscosity did not increase to 40 mPa · s of Example 1, and a sufficiently rich feeling Was not obtained. Conversely, the soybean odor tended to become stronger as the solid content increased. From the above results, even if the soybean solid content was increased, a thick feeling was not sufficiently obtained when sterilization was performed.
[0037]
[Test Example 2] Effect on the quality of sterilized soymilk by the sterilization method Soymilk was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 with or without the action of the protein cross-linking enzyme. And the influence on the quality of sterilized soymilk by soybean solid content and sterilization method (direct heating, indirect heating, boiling, non-heating) was examined (tests 5 to 9 in Table 2). Evaluation was carried out in the same manner as in Test Example 1.
[0038]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004096763
[0039]
From the result of Test 5, when the enzyme was allowed to act, the viscosity became the same as that of Example 1 and a thick feeling was obtained, but the boiled bean odor peculiar to conventional soymilk did not disappear by boiling. Furthermore, there was no storability at room temperature for 3 months, and a sterilized soy milk that kept a rich feeling could not be obtained. Moreover, when soybean solid content was increased, if it sterilized by boiling as tests 6-9, a viscosity will become the same as Example 1, and the rich feeling came out. However, the bean smell was strong and the quality with good flavor could not be obtained. Moreover, there was no shelf life at room temperature for 3 months, and sterilized soymilk that maintained a rich feeling could not be obtained by boiling sterilization. From the above results, it is considered that a combination of the action of protein cross-linking enzyme and sterilization treatment is indispensable for obtaining a soy milk that has a rich feeling, has very little bean odor, and can be stored.
[0040]
[Test Example 3]
Sterile soymilk was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. At this time, per 1 g of soy milk protein of transglutaminase preparation “Activa Super Card” (manufactured by Ajinomoto Co., Inc.) (transglutaminase 0.2%, reduced maltose powder and others 99.8%, enzyme titer 17-26 units / g) The amount of protein added was changed as shown in Table 3, and the effect of the amount of protein cross-linking enzyme on the quality of sterilized soymilk was examined (tests 10 to 15). Evaluation was carried out in the same manner as in Test Example 1.
[0041]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004096763
[0042]
As shown in Test 12, by adding 0.15 g or more of enzyme preparation per gram of soymilk protein and reacting and sterilizing, it is possible to obtain sterilized soymilk with a high viscosity, a rich feeling, and a very low bean odor. did it. However, as shown in Test 15, when 0.40 g of the enzyme preparation was added per 1 g of soy milk protein and reacted, the protein gelled, coagulation and water separation were observed, and sterilization could not be performed. From the above results, in order to obtain a soy milk with a rich feeling, very little bean odor, and sterilization, a reaction temperature of 60 ° C. and a reaction time of 60 minutes can be obtained as a transglutaminase preparation (transglutaminase 0.2%). It is considered that 0.12 to 0.35 g per 1 g of soy milk protein and 1.5 to 10.0 units per 1 g of soy milk protein are essential as transglutaminase activity (hydroxamate method).
[0043]
[Example 2] Manufacture of sterilized preparation soy milk 3 parts of sugar, 1.3 parts of vegetable oil and fat, 0.3 part of salt, emulsifier for 100 parts of soy milk treated with transglutaminase in the same manner as in Example 1 0.1 part, 0.2 part of fragrance, and 23.7 parts of water were added and dissolved, and the mixture was supplied to a homogenizer (manufactured by APV) and homogenized at 100 kg / cm 2 . Next, it was supplied to a sterilization apparatus using a direct steam injection method, sterilized at 150 ° C. for 4 seconds, cooled to 10 ° C., and aseptically filled into aseptic packaging to obtain sterilized prepared soymilk. The obtained sterilized soymilk had a soybean solid content of 7.0% and a viscosity of 40 mPa · s. Like Example 1, there was a natural rich feeling different from the thick feeling with a sense of incongruity like a thickener, and a unique bean odor was not felt, and it had a very good flavor.
[0044]
[Example 3] Manufacture of a sterilized soymilk beverage To a soymilk prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, 0.25 g of a transglutaminase preparation “Activa Super Card” (manufactured by Ajinomoto Co., Inc.) per 1 g of soymilk protein was added, For 30 minutes. To 100 parts of this soymilk, 15 parts of sugar, 2 parts of cocoa powder, 1.5 parts of vegetable oil and fat, 0.3 part of salt, 0.4 part of stabilizer, 0.2 part of fragrance, and 60.6 parts of water are added. Then, it was dissolved and supplied to a homogenizer (manufactured by APV) and homogenized at 100 kg / cm 2 . Next, it was supplied to a sterilization apparatus using a direct steam injection method, sterilized at 150 ° C. for 4 seconds, cooled to 10 ° C., and aseptically packed in aseptic packaging to obtain a sterilized cocoa soy milk beverage. The obtained sterilized cocoa soymilk beverage had a soybean solid content of 5.0% and a viscosity of 40 mPa · s. Like Example 1, there was a natural rich feeling different from the thick feeling with a sense of incongruity like a thickener, and a unique bean odor was not felt, and it had a very good flavor.
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, by combining the action of a protein cross-linking enzyme and sterilization treatment, the soymilk's original richness (kokumi) is exhibited even in the range of the normal solid content (7 to 15% by weight) of soymilk. Thus, it is possible to obtain a sterilized soymilk having a good flavor with a significantly reduced bean odor that could not be solved by the soymilk production method, and can greatly contribute to the development of the soymilk industry.

Claims (6)

大豆固形分が7〜15重量%の豆乳又は該豆乳の製造工程中の大豆原料に蛋白質架橋酵素を作用させ、次いで滅菌処理する工程を含むことを特徴として得られた豆乳製品用滅菌豆乳(豆腐用豆乳を除く。)Sterile soy milk for soy milk products (tofu) characterized in that it comprises a step of allowing protein cross-linking enzyme to act on soy milk having a soy solid content of 7 to 15% by weight or a soy raw material in the production process of the soy milk and then sterilizing it. Excluding soy milk.) 大豆固形分が7〜15重量%の豆乳に換算した場合に、粘度が20〜250mPa・sである請求項1に記載の滅菌豆乳。The sterilized soymilk according to claim 1, which has a viscosity of 20 to 250 mPa · s when converted to soymilk having a soy solid content of 7 to 15% by weight. 滅菌処理の条件が加熱温度122〜160℃であってF値で4以上である請求項1又は2に記載の滅菌豆乳。Sterilized soymilk according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sterilization conditions are a heating temperature of 122 to 160 ° C and an F value of 4 or more. 滅菌処理が直接蒸気注入方式により行われる請求項1〜3に何れか記載の滅菌豆乳。The sterilized soymilk according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the sterilization is performed by a direct steam injection method. 請求項1〜4に何れか記載の滅菌豆乳が含まれる豆乳製品。A soy milk product comprising the sterilized soy milk according to claim 1. 豆乳製品が豆乳、調製豆乳、豆乳飲料、清涼飲料、豆乳プリン、豆乳ゼリー、豆乳スープからなる群より選択される請求項5に記載の豆乳製品。The soy milk product according to claim 5, wherein the soy milk product is selected from the group consisting of soy milk, prepared soy milk, soy milk drink, soft drink, soy milk pudding, soy milk jelly, and soy milk soup.
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