JP4085933B2 - Heat pump equipment - Google Patents

Heat pump equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4085933B2
JP4085933B2 JP2003312454A JP2003312454A JP4085933B2 JP 4085933 B2 JP4085933 B2 JP 4085933B2 JP 2003312454 A JP2003312454 A JP 2003312454A JP 2003312454 A JP2003312454 A JP 2003312454A JP 4085933 B2 JP4085933 B2 JP 4085933B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
heat pump
compressor
refrigerant
heat
refrigeration cycle
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Expired - Fee Related
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JP2003312454A
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JP2005083583A (en
Inventor
伸起 嶋
安司 渡部
義和 西原
淳 竹内
博 荒島
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Panasonic Corp
Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Panasonic Corp
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2003312454A priority Critical patent/JP4085933B2/en
Priority to CNB2004100683391A priority patent/CN100429464C/en
Publication of JP2005083583A publication Critical patent/JP2005083583A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F25B2309/061—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/26—Problems to be solved characterised by the startup of the refrigeration cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide

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  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Description

本発明は、ヒートポンプ装置の制御方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a method for controlling a heat pump apparatus.

従来の技術として、ヒートポンプ装置は図３に示すような圧縮機１０１、放熱器（凝縮器）１０２、減圧装置１０３、蒸発器１０４を冷媒配管１０５で接続し冷媒を循環させている。また貯湯装置は、貯湯槽１０６、吸熱器１０２を水配管１０８で接続しポンプ１０７より水を循環させている。１０２は、ヒ−トポンプ装置では放熱器、貯湯装置では吸熱器の熱交換器として利用している。ヒ−トポンプ装置の放熱器１０２の冷媒と貯湯装置の吸熱器１０２の水にて熱交換する水冷媒熱交管器である。この吸熱した水は温水になり、貯湯槽１０６に貯めて利用している（特許文献１）。   As a conventional technique, a heat pump device connects a compressor 101, a radiator (condenser) 102, a decompression device 103, and an evaporator 104 as shown in FIG. In the hot water storage apparatus, a hot water storage tank 106 and a heat absorber 102 are connected by a water pipe 108 and water is circulated from a pump 107. Reference numeral 102 is used as a heat exchanger for a heat pump in a heat pump device and as a heat exchanger for a heat absorber in a hot water storage device. It is a water-refrigerant heat exchanger tube that exchanges heat with the refrigerant of the radiator 102 of the heat pump device and the water of the heat absorber 102 of the hot water storage device. The absorbed water becomes warm water and is stored in the hot water storage tank 106 and used (Patent Document 1).

このヒ−トポンプ装置において、臨界圧力以上まで加圧される冷媒（二酸化炭素）を使
用し、このヒートポンプ装置のモリエル線図は図４となる。
実開昭５８−１６７８３６号公報 In this heat pump device, a refrigerant (carbon dioxide) pressurized to a critical pressure or higher is used, and the Mollier diagram of this heat pump device is shown in FIG.
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 58-167836

ここで、ヒ−トポンプ装置の運転起動時や外気温が高い場合などは、蒸発器の圧力が高くなり、冷凍サイクルの圧力差が小さくなるため、圧縮機の運転が不安定になり、転覆状態になるという課題を有していた。   Here, when the heat pump device is started up or when the outside air temperature is high, the pressure of the evaporator becomes high and the pressure difference of the refrigeration cycle becomes small. Had the problem of becoming.

上記課題を解決するために、本発明のヒートポンプ装置は、圧縮機、放熱器、開度可変の減圧装置、蒸発器を冷媒配管によって環状に接続して構成される冷凍サイクルと、前記ヒ−トポンプ装置に流れる電流値を検出する電流検出手段とを備え、前記電流検出手段で検出される電流値が所定時間あたりに所定量Ｌ１以上低下したときは、前記冷凍サイクルの高低圧力差を増加させるように前記減圧装置の開度を制御することを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above problems, the heat pump apparatus of the present invention, a compressor, a radiator, variable opening of the pressure reducing device, and the refrigeration cycle constituted an evaporator connected in a ring by refrigerant pipes, wherein the heat - and a current detecting means for detecting a current flowing through the Toponpu device, the current when the current value detected by the detection means has decreased the predetermined amount L1 or more per predetermined time, increases the high and low pressure difference of the refrigerating cycle Thus , the opening degree of the decompression device is controlled.

この電流値検知手段により、電流値が急激に減少したりあるいは通常運転時より小さい場合において冷凍サイクルの圧力差がとれず圧縮機が正常に圧縮していない（つまり正常に回転していない）ことを検知し、減圧装置のしぼり開度を減圧させ、冷凍サイクルの圧力差を保ち圧縮機を正常に圧縮した安定な運転状態にすることができる。その結果、冷凍サイクルが安定になり信頼性を確保することができる。   When the current value is suddenly decreased or smaller than during normal operation by this current value detection means, the pressure difference of the refrigeration cycle cannot be taken and the compressor is not normally compressed (that is, it is not rotating normally). Can be detected, and the opening degree of the decompression device can be reduced to maintain the pressure difference of the refrigeration cycle, and the compressor can be brought into a stable operation state in which the compressor is normally compressed. As a result, the refrigeration cycle becomes stable and reliability can be ensured.

前記圧縮機の運転回転数変化手段も、同様の現象にて発生し、同じ効果が得られる。   The operating speed changing means of the compressor is also generated by the same phenomenon and the same effect can be obtained.

本発明は、冷媒を使用するヒートポンプ装置において、起動時や外気温が高い場合などに対して安定した冷凍サイクル運転を行うことができる。   The present invention can perform a stable refrigeration cycle operation at the time of start-up or when the outside air temperature is high in a heat pump device using a refrigerant.

以下、本発明の実施の形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図１は、実施の形態におけるヒートポンプ装置を示したものである。本実施の形態のヒートポンプ装置は、圧縮機２０１、放熱器２０２、減圧装置２０３、蒸発器２０４を冷媒配管２０５で接続し冷媒を循環させている。   FIG. 1 shows a heat pump apparatus according to an embodiment. In the heat pump apparatus according to the present embodiment, a compressor 201, a radiator 202, a decompressor 203, and an evaporator 204 are connected by a refrigerant pipe 205 to circulate the refrigerant.

また貯湯装置は、貯湯槽２０６、吸熱器２０２を水配管２０８で接続しポンプ２０７より水を循環させている。２０２は、ヒ−トポンプ装置では放熱器、貯湯装置では吸熱器の熱交換器として利用している。ヒ−トポンプ装置の放熱器２０２の冷媒と貯湯装置の吸熱器２０２の水にて熱交換する水冷媒熱交管器である。この吸熱した水は温水になり、貯湯槽２０６に貯めて利用している。   In the hot water storage apparatus, a hot water storage tank 206 and a heat absorber 202 are connected by a water pipe 208 and water is circulated from a pump 207. 202 is used as a heat exchanger for a heat pump in a heat pump device and as a heat exchanger in a hot water storage device. It is a water-refrigerant heat exchanger tube that exchanges heat with the refrigerant of the heat radiator 202 of the heat pump device and the water of the heat absorber 202 of the hot water storage device. The absorbed water becomes warm water and is stored in the hot water storage tank 206 for use.

このようなヒ−トポンプ装置において、臨界圧力以上まで加圧される冷媒（二酸化炭素）を使用し、このヒートポンプ装置のモリエル線図は図２となる。   In such a heat pump apparatus, a refrigerant (carbon dioxide) pressurized to a critical pressure or higher is used, and the Mollier diagram of this heat pump apparatus is shown in FIG.

圧縮機２０１は、吸引した冷媒を圧縮して吐出し、吐出された高温高圧の冷媒は、貯湯槽２０６内から供給された液体（水）と放熱器２０２を介して熱交換される。 放熱器２０２を流れる冷媒（二酸化炭素）は圧縮機２０１によって加圧されている為、放熱器２０２を通過する液体に放熱して温度低下しても凝縮（冷媒２相域）することはない。減圧装置２０３は、放熱器２０２から流出する冷媒（二酸化炭素）を減圧する装置のことで、弁開度を電気的に制御する電磁式膨張弁である。冷媒（二酸化炭素）は、この減圧装置２０
３によって冷媒２相域となるまで減圧されたのち、蒸発器２０４によって吸熱冷媒が蒸発気化した後、再び圧縮機２０１に吸引される。 しかし、外気温が高い場合や、圧縮機２０１の起動時などのように蒸発器側の負荷が大きい場合には、冷凍サイクルの高低圧力差がとれなくなり、圧縮機２０１の運転が不安定になる。そして冷凍サイクルが不安定になり、圧縮機２０１が転覆状態になることがある。 The compressor 201 compresses and discharges the sucked refrigerant, and the discharged high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant exchanges heat with the liquid (water) supplied from the hot water storage tank 206 through the radiator 202. Since the refrigerant (carbon dioxide) flowing through the radiator 202 is pressurized by the compressor 201, it does not condense (refrigerant two-phase region) even if the temperature is lowered by radiating heat to the liquid passing through the radiator 202. The decompression device 203 is a device that decompresses the refrigerant (carbon dioxide) flowing out from the radiator 202, and is an electromagnetic expansion valve that electrically controls the valve opening. The refrigerant (carbon dioxide) is supplied from the decompressor 20.
3, after the pressure is reduced until the refrigerant reaches the two-phase region, the endothermic refrigerant evaporates by the evaporator 204 and is again sucked into the compressor 201. However, when the outside air temperature is high or when the load on the evaporator side is large, such as when the compressor 201 is started, the difference in pressure between the refrigeration cycles cannot be taken and the operation of the compressor 201 becomes unstable. . And a refrigerating cycle may become unstable and the compressor 201 may be in a capsized state.

さらに、圧縮機２０１や冷媒配管２０５が大きく振動して、騒音を発生する。そして、転覆した場合は、電流値が急激に低下したり、正常運転と比べると極端に電流値が小さくなる。このような課題を解決する為に、本発明は圧縮機２０１が正常に圧縮しなくなり電流値が急変して減少したり通常運転より小さい場合に、ヒ−トポンプ装置内の減圧装置２０３により開度を変化させて、つまり通常運転時より減圧させることにより、ヒ−トポンプ装置の冷凍サイクルの圧力差をとり、圧縮機運転を安定させることにより転覆が防止でき圧縮機２０１、冷媒配管２０５の騒音、振動を防止することができる。   Further, the compressor 201 and the refrigerant pipe 205 are greatly vibrated to generate noise. And when it overturns, an electric current value falls rapidly, or an electric current value becomes extremely small compared with a normal driving | operation. In order to solve such a problem, when the compressor 201 is not normally compressed and the current value suddenly changes and decreases or is smaller than the normal operation, the opening degree is reduced by the pressure reducing device 203 in the heat pump device. By changing the pressure, that is, by reducing the pressure from the normal operation, the pressure difference of the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump device is taken, and the compressor operation is stabilized to prevent the capsizing, and the noise of the compressor 201 and the refrigerant pipe 205, Vibration can be prevented.

また、圧縮機２０１の運転回転数変化手段によっても同様にヒートポンプ装置の冷凍サイクルに圧力差をとり、圧縮機２０１を安定させて冷凍サイクルが安定し、圧縮機２０１、冷媒配管２０５の騒音、振動を防止することができる。   Similarly, the operating speed changing means of the compressor 201 also takes a pressure difference in the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump device, stabilizes the compressor 201 and stabilizes the refrigeration cycle, and the noise and vibration of the compressor 201 and the refrigerant pipe 205. Can be prevented.

なお、実施の形態に示したように、貯湯槽２０６内の液体は、給湯用に用いるだけではなく、床暖房用、室内空調用としても使用して良い。
更に、圧縮機２０１の冷媒吸込側に冷媒を貯留するアキュムレータが設置されていても、実施の形態の効果は同様に得られる。 As shown in the embodiment, the liquid in the hot water storage tank 206 may be used not only for hot water supply but also for floor heating and indoor air conditioning.
Furthermore, even if the accumulator which stores a refrigerant | coolant is installed in the refrigerant | coolant suction side of the compressor 201, the effect of embodiment is obtained similarly.

本発明のヒートポンプ装置は、冷凍サイクルの高低圧差が小さくなり、圧縮機の運転が不安定になる場合において、運転電流を検知し、減圧装置や圧縮機を制御して圧力差をとるようにするので、安定した冷凍サイクルの動作を確保できる。従って、冷凍サイクルを備えたヒートポンプ装置に有効であり、特に圧縮比の変動が激しい冷凍サイクルを具備するヒートポンプ装置において有効である。   The heat pump device of the present invention detects the operating current and controls the pressure reducing device and the compressor to take the pressure difference when the high / low pressure difference of the refrigeration cycle becomes small and the operation of the compressor becomes unstable. Therefore, stable refrigeration cycle operation can be ensured. Therefore, it is effective for a heat pump device provided with a refrigeration cycle, and particularly effective for a heat pump device provided with a refrigeration cycle in which the fluctuation of the compression ratio is severe.

本発明の実施の形態におけるヒートポンプ装置の冷凍サイクル図Refrigeration cycle diagram of heat pump apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention 本発明の実施の形態における運転動作のモリエル線図Mollier diagram of driving operation in the embodiment of the present invention 本発明の従来例におけるヒートポンプ装置の冷凍サイクル図Refrigeration cycle diagram of the heat pump device in the conventional example of the present invention 従来の運転動作のモリエル線図Mollier diagram of conventional operation

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１０１ 圧縮機
１０２ ヒ−トポンプ装置：放熱器、貯湯装置：吸熱器
１０３ 減圧装置
１０４ 蒸発器（蒸発器）
１０５ 冷媒配管
１０６ 貯湯槽
１０７ ポンプ（ウォーターポンプ）
１０８ 水配管
２０１ 圧縮機
２０２ ヒ−トポンプ装置：放熱器、貯湯装置：吸熱器
２０３ 減圧装置
２０４ 蒸発器（蒸発器）
２０５ 冷媒配管
２０６ 貯湯槽
２０７ ポンプ（ウォーターポンプ）
２０８ 水配管
２０９ 電流検知手段（制御部） DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 101 Compressor 102 Heat pump apparatus: Radiator, Hot water storage apparatus: Heat absorber 103 Decompression apparatus 104 Evaporator (evaporator)
105 Refrigerant piping 106 Hot water storage tank 107 Pump (water pump)
108 water piping 201 compressor 202 heat pump device: radiator, hot water storage device: heat absorber 203 decompression device 204 evaporator (evaporator)
205 Refrigerant piping 206 Hot water storage tank 207 Pump (water pump)
208 Water piping 209 Current detection means (control unit)

Claims (2)

圧縮機、放熱器、開度可変の減圧装置、蒸発器を冷媒配管によって環状に接続して構成される冷凍サイクルと、前記ヒ−トポンプ装置に流れる電流値を検出する電流検出手段とを備え、前記電流検出手段で検出される電流値が所定時間あたりに所定量Ｌ１以上低下したときは、前記冷凍サイクルの高低圧力差を増加させるように前記減圧装置の開度を制御することを特徴とするヒートポンプ装置。 And a current detecting means for detecting a current flowing through the Toponpu device - a compressor, a radiator, variable opening of the pressure reducing device, and the refrigeration cycle constituted an evaporator connected in a ring by refrigerant piping, the heat The opening degree of the decompression device is controlled so as to increase the high / low pressure difference of the refrigeration cycle when the current value detected by the current detecting means decreases by a predetermined amount L1 or more per predetermined time. Heat pump device. 前記ヒートポンプ装置に使用される冷媒は、二酸化炭素であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載のヒートポンプ装置。 The heat pump apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the refrigerant used in the heat pump apparatus is carbon dioxide.
JP2003312454A 2003-09-04 2003-09-04 Heat pump equipment Expired - Fee Related JP4085933B2 (en)

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JP2003312454A JP4085933B2 (en) 2003-09-04 2003-09-04 Heat pump equipment
CNB2004100683391A CN100429464C (en) 2003-09-04 2004-08-31 Heat pump device

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003312454A JP4085933B2 (en) 2003-09-04 2003-09-04 Heat pump equipment

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JP4085933B2 true JP4085933B2 (en) 2008-05-14

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