JP4062786B2 - SEALING MATERIAL AND LOC STRUCTURE SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE USING SAME - Google Patents

SEALING MATERIAL AND LOC STRUCTURE SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE USING SAME Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4062786B2
JP4062786B2 JP27633898A JP27633898A JP4062786B2 JP 4062786 B2 JP4062786 B2 JP 4062786B2 JP 27633898 A JP27633898 A JP 27633898A JP 27633898 A JP27633898 A JP 27633898A JP 4062786 B2 JP4062786 B2 JP 4062786B2
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Prior art keywords
sealing material
semiconductor device
inner lead
chip
loc
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JP27633898A
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JPH11166106A (en
Inventor
達男 河田
博起 幸島
隆貴 柏原
昌信 藤井
直紀 奈良
輝巳 塚原
裕行 酒井
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Showa Denko Materials Co Ltd
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Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd
Showa Denko Materials Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/01Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/10Bump connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/15Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bump connectors after the connecting process
    • H01L2224/16Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bump connectors after the connecting process of an individual bump connector
    • H01L2224/161Disposition
    • H01L2224/16151Disposition the bump connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive
    • H01L2224/16221Disposition the bump connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked
    • H01L2224/16245Disposition the bump connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being metallic
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/01Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/42Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/44Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process
    • H01L2224/45Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual wire connector
    • H01L2224/45001Core members of the connector
    • H01L2224/45099Material
    • H01L2224/451Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof
    • H01L2224/45138Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof the principal constituent melting at a temperature of greater than or equal to 950°C and less than 1550°C
    • H01L2224/45144Gold (Au) as principal constituent

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  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Epoxy Resins (AREA)
  • Structures Or Materials For Encapsulating Or Coating Semiconductor Devices Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
  • Lead Frames For Integrated Circuits (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、充填材が原因で発生するLOC構造の半導体装置のパッシベーション膜とその下の拡散層損傷による電気特性不良がなく、且つ半田耐熱性に優れた封止材及びそれを用いたLOC構造の半導体装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
IC,LSI等の半導体チップは、チップの集積度の向上と共に、チップサイズの大型化、半導体装置の小型化、薄型化が進んでいる。同時に半導体装置を基板へ取り付ける時に、半導体装置自体が短時間の内に200℃以上の高温に晒されるようになってきた。この時、封止材中に含まれる水分が気化し、ここで発生する蒸気圧が封止材とチップ、リードフレーム等のインサートとの界面において、剥離応力として働き、封止材とインサートとの間で剥離が発生し、特に薄型の半導体装置においては、半導体装置のフクレやクラックに至ってしまうことになる。
この様な剥離起因によるフクレ、クラツクの防止策として、エポキシ樹脂及び硬化剤の低粘度化(低分子化)、封止材とインサートとの接着カの向上検討、あるいは無機充填材の形状を球形化して高充填化を図り、吸水率の低減検討が行われている。また、半導体装置の小型化及び半田耐熱性の向上のため、半導体装置構造が従来のリードの上にチップを配置する構造から図1に示すようなLOC(リードオンチップ)構造に変わりつつある。
この構造の半導体装置はインナーリードの下側にLOCテープと呼ばれる接着剤を介して半導体チップを固着し、ワイヤーボンデングしたものを封止材によりパッケージしたものでインナーリードと半導体チップとの間にはLOCテープの厚み分の隙間が空いている。
しかし、従来の手法では、封止材の充填材の内粗い粒子が、図2に示すように、チップとインナーリードの間隙に挟まり、成形時の圧カ、成形収縮、半導体装置を基板へ取り付ける時の熱応力等のストレスがチップに働き、パッシベーション膜の損傷及び酷い場合は拡散層まで損傷し電気特性不良の原因となる。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、かかる状況に鑑みてなされたもので、充填材起因のバッシベーションとその下の拡散層損傷による電気特性不良がなく、且つ半田耐熱性に優れた封止材及びそれを用いたLOC構造の半導体装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
すなわち本発明は、LOC構造を有する半導体装置に用いられる封止材であって、エポキシ樹脂、硬化剤、硬化促進剤及び無機充填材からなり、インナーリードと半導体チップ間隙よりも小粒径の無機充填材を80〜95重量%含有してなることを特徴とする封止材及び該封止材により封止したLOC構造の半導体装置に関する。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明で用いられるエポキシ樹脂としては、オルソクレゾールノボラツク型、ビフェニル型、ジシクロ型、臭素化エポキシ樹脂等を単独又は併用して用いることができるが、特にビフェニル型エポキシ樹脂がインサートとの接着性が良いことから好適である。
硬化剤としては、フェノールノボラツク型、アラルキル型、テルペン型等を単独又は併用して用いることができるが、特にアラルキル型がインサートとの接着性が良好である。
硬化促進剤としては、特に制限はなく、テトラフェニルホスホニウム−テトラフェニルボレート、トリフェニルホスフィン、トリフェニルホスフィンとベンゾキノンの付加物、1,8−ジアザービシクロ(5,4,0)−ウンデセン−7,2−フェニル−4メチル−イミダゾール、トリフェニルホスホニウム−トリフェニルボラン等を単独又は併用して用いることができるが、特にトリフェニルホスフィンとベンゾキノンの付加物が、ボイドや充填性といった成形性の面から好適である。
カツプリング剤については、特に制限はなく、シランカツプリング剤を単独又は併用して用いることができるが、特にエポキシシランとアルキルシランとメルカプトシランの組み合わせが好適である。
離型剤についても、特に制限はないが、高級脂肪酸例えぱカルナバワックス等とポリエチレン系ワックスを単独又は併用して用いることができる。
【0006】
無機充填材は、チップとインナーリードの間隙を考慮してその粒径、形状を決める必要があり、インナーリードと半導体チップ間隙が70μm以上の場合はその値の90%以下、好ましくは80%以下、インナーリードと半導体チップ間隙が70μm未満の場合はその値の95%以下、好ましくは85%以下とするのがよい。例えばインナーリードとチップとの接着に100ミクロン厚のLOCテープを用いる場合には、75ミクロンより上の粒子をカットした充填材を、又50ミクロン厚のLOCテープを用いる場合には、45ミクロンより上の粒子をカットした充填材を使用する。更にその配合量は封止材全体にたいし80〜95wt%配合する。配合量が80%未満では半田耐熱性が劣る。また95%を超えると流動性が極端に低下し成形が出来なくなる。
充填材形状はその50%以上が球状であることが望ましく、その材質としては、溶融シリカ、結晶シリカ、アルミナ等を単独及び併用して用いることができる。特に溶融シリカ単独が好適である。
その他の添加物として、着色剤(カーボンブラツク等)、難燃助剤(三酸化アンチモン等)、改質剤(シリコーン、シリコーンゴム等)、イオントラツパー(ハイドロタルサイト、アンチモンービスマム等)を用いることができる。
上記手段を用いて製造した封止材は、充填材起因のパッシベーションとその下の拡散層損傷による電気特性不良がなく、且つ半田耐熱性を向上させることができる。
封止材の製造方法としては特に制限はなく、通常行われているロール混練法、ニーダー混練法等により混練した後冷却粉砕し、このままあるいはタブレット化して使用に供される。
【0007】
【実施例】
以下に本発明の実施例について説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
実施例1〜6 比較例1〜9
まず、表1、2に示す各種の素材を予備混合(ドライブレンド)した後、二軸ロール(ロール表面温度約80℃)で10分間混練し、冷却粉砕して製造した。
この封止材を用い、チップサイズが5.9x10.8mmの半導体チップを固着した42アロイ材のリードフレームをトランスファー成形機に装着し、金型温度180℃、成形圧カ100kgf/cm2、硬化時間90秒の条件で成形を行った。その後、ポストキュアを180℃/5h行った。
電気特性を直接測定できないので、パッシベーション膜の損傷を観察した。バッシベーション膜の損傷の検査に用いた半導体装置は、26ピンSOJ及び26ピンTSOPのLOC構造の半導体装置である。
チップ表面には、パッシベーション膜(約5ミクロン)があり、LOCテープの厚さは、26ピンSOJの場合約100ミクロン、26ピンTSOPの場合約50ミクロンを使用した。
この様にして得られた樹脂封止型半導体装置(LOC構造)について、チップ上の封止材層を研磨し、封止材層を僅かに残した状態で、熱濃硫酸に浸漬し、パッシベーション膜の損傷を実体顕微鏡及び電子顕微鏡により観察した。
【0008】
半田耐熱性に用いた半導体装置は、80ピンQFPの樹脂封止型半導体装置(外形寸法20x14x2.0mm)であり、リードフレームは42アロイ材(加エなし)で8x10mmのチップサイズを有するものである。
この様にして得られた樹脂封止型半導体装置について、半田耐熱性を以下に示す方法で測定した。125℃/24hべーキング後、85℃/85%RH48h吸湿させた後、240℃/10秒の熱処理を行なった時の樹脂封止型半導体装置のクラック発生率を求めた。上記の試験結果をまとめて表3に示す。
【0009】
【表1】

Figure 0004062786
ビフェニル型エポキシ:油化シェルエポキシ(株)製
臭素化エポキシ:東都化成(株)製
アラルキル型フェノール:三井東圧化学(株)製
トリフェニルホスフィン付加物:北興化学(株)製
【0010】
【表2】
Figure 0004062786
【0011】
【表3】
Figure 0004062786
【0012】
表3に示す結果から明らかなように、インナーリードと半導体チップとの間隙より小さい粒径の充填材をもちい、かつ充填材の配合量を80重量%以上とした封止材を用いることにより耐熱性にすぐれ、電気特性の良いLOC構造の半導体装置が得られる。
【0013】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、充填材起因のパッシベーション膜とその下の拡散層損傷による電気特性不良がなく、半田耐熱性を向上させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】LOC構造の半導体装置の1例を示す断面図
【図2】パッシベーション膜が破壊される様子を示す断面図
【符号の説明】
1…半導体チップ 2…インナーリード
3…パッシベーション 4…LOCテープ
5…リードフレーム 6…金線
7…角状フィラ 8…球状フィラ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a sealing material excellent in soldering heat resistance, having no electrical characteristic failure due to damage to a passivation film and a diffusion layer under the passivation film of a LOC structure generated due to a filler, and a LOC structure using the same The present invention relates to a semiconductor device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Semiconductor chips such as ICs and LSIs have been increasing in chip integration, chip sizes, semiconductor devices have been made smaller and thinner. At the same time, when the semiconductor device is attached to the substrate, the semiconductor device itself has been exposed to a high temperature of 200 ° C. or more in a short time. At this time, moisture contained in the sealing material is vaporized, and the vapor pressure generated here acts as a peeling stress at the interface between the sealing material and the insert such as the chip and the lead frame. Separation occurs, and particularly in a thin semiconductor device, blisters and cracks of the semiconductor device are reached.
In order to prevent blisters and cracks due to such peeling, the viscosity of the epoxy resin and the curing agent (low molecular weight), the improvement of the adhesion between the sealant and the insert, or the shape of the inorganic filler is spherical. The reduction of water absorption rate is being studied for higher packing. Further, in order to reduce the size of the semiconductor device and improve the soldering heat resistance, the semiconductor device structure is changing from a conventional structure in which a chip is disposed on a lead to a LOC (lead on chip) structure as shown in FIG.
In the semiconductor device having this structure, a semiconductor chip is fixed to an underside of an inner lead via an adhesive called a LOC tape, and a wire bonded product is packaged by a sealing material, and is interposed between the inner lead and the semiconductor chip. Has a gap corresponding to the thickness of the LOC tape.
However, in the conventional method, as shown in FIG. 2, the coarse particles in the filler of the sealing material are sandwiched between the chip and the inner lead, and the pressure during molding, molding shrinkage, and the semiconductor device are attached to the substrate. Stress, such as thermal stress, acts on the chip, and when the passivation film is damaged or severe, even the diffusion layer is damaged, resulting in poor electrical characteristics.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and there is no electrical characteristic failure due to passivation caused by filler and damage to the diffusion layer below, and a sealing material excellent in solder heat resistance and a LOC using the same. An object is to provide a semiconductor device having a structure.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention is a sealing material used for a semiconductor device having a LOC structure, which is composed of an epoxy resin, a curing agent, a curing accelerator, and an inorganic filler, and has an inorganic particle size smaller than that between the inner lead and the semiconductor chip gap. The present invention relates to a sealing material containing 80 to 95% by weight of a filler, and a LOC structure semiconductor device sealed with the sealing material.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As the epoxy resin used in the present invention, orthocresol novolak type, biphenyl type, dicyclo type, brominated epoxy resin and the like can be used alone or in combination, but in particular, the biphenyl type epoxy resin has adhesiveness to the insert. Is preferable because it is good.
As the curing agent, a phenol novolak type, an aralkyl type, a terpene type or the like can be used alone or in combination, but the aralkyl type has particularly good adhesion to the insert.
The curing accelerator is not particularly limited and includes tetraphenylphosphonium-tetraphenylborate, triphenylphosphine, an adduct of triphenylphosphine and benzoquinone, 1,8-diazabicyclo (5,4,0) -undecene-7. , 2-phenyl-4methyl-imidazole, triphenylphosphonium-triphenylborane, etc. can be used alone or in combination, but in particular, the adduct of triphenylphosphine and benzoquinone has moldability such as voids and fillability. To preferred.
The coupling agent is not particularly limited, and the silane coupling agent can be used alone or in combination, but a combination of epoxy silane, alkyl silane and mercapto silane is particularly suitable.
The release agent is not particularly limited, and higher fatty acids such as carnauba wax and polyethylene wax can be used alone or in combination.
[0006]
The particle size and shape of the inorganic filler must be determined in consideration of the gap between the chip and the inner lead. When the gap between the inner lead and the semiconductor chip is 70 μm or more, it is 90% or less, preferably 80% or less. When the gap between the inner lead and the semiconductor chip is less than 70 μm, the value is 95% or less, preferably 85% or less. For example, when using a LOC tape with a thickness of 100 microns for bonding the inner lead and the chip, use a filler cut from particles above 75 microns, and when using a LOC tape with a thickness of 50 microns, start with 45 microns. Use a filler cut from the top particles. Furthermore, the compounding quantity mix | blends 80-95 wt% with respect to the whole sealing material. If the blending amount is less than 80%, the solder heat resistance is poor. On the other hand, if it exceeds 95%, the fluidity is drastically lowered and molding becomes impossible.
As for the shape of the filler, it is desirable that 50% or more thereof is spherical, and as the material, fused silica, crystalline silica, alumina or the like can be used alone or in combination. In particular, fused silica alone is preferred.
Other additives include colorants (such as carbon black), flame retardant aids (such as antimony trioxide), modifiers (such as silicone and silicone rubber), and ion trappers (such as hydrotalcite and antimony-bismum). Can be used.
The sealing material manufactured using the above means does not have a defective electrical characteristic due to passivation caused by the filler and damage to the diffusion layer thereunder, and can improve solder heat resistance.
There is no restriction | limiting in particular as a manufacturing method of a sealing material, It knead | mixes by the roll kneading method, the kneader kneading method, etc. which are normally performed, Then, it cools and grind | pulverizes, It uses for it as it is or tableted.
[0007]
【Example】
Examples of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Examples 1-6 Comparative Examples 1-9
First, various materials shown in Tables 1 and 2 were premixed (dry blended), then kneaded with a biaxial roll (roll surface temperature of about 80 ° C.) for 10 minutes, cooled and pulverized.
Using this sealing material, a 42 alloy lead frame to which a semiconductor chip having a chip size of 5.9 × 10.8 mm is fixed is mounted on a transfer molding machine, the mold temperature is 180 ° C., the molding pressure is 100 kgf / cm 2 , and the curing is performed. Molding was performed under conditions of a time of 90 seconds. Thereafter, post-curing was performed at 180 ° C. for 5 hours.
Since the electrical characteristics could not be measured directly, damage to the passivation film was observed. The semiconductor device used for the inspection of the damage to the passivation film is a 26-pin SOJ and 26-pin TSOP LOC semiconductor device.
The chip surface had a passivation film (about 5 microns), and the thickness of the LOC tape was about 100 microns for 26-pin SOJ and about 50 microns for 26-pin TSOP.
With respect to the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device (LOC structure) thus obtained, the encapsulant layer on the chip is polished and immersed in hot concentrated sulfuric acid in a state where the encapsulant layer is left slightly, and passivation is performed. The damage of the film was observed with a stereoscopic microscope and an electron microscope.
[0008]
The semiconductor device used for soldering heat resistance is an 80-pin QFP resin-encapsulated semiconductor device (outer dimensions 20 × 14 × 2.0 mm), and the lead frame is 42 alloy material (without heat treatment) and has a chip size of 8 × 10 mm. is there.
The resin-sealed semiconductor device thus obtained was measured for solder heat resistance by the following method. After baking at 125 ° C./24 h, after absorbing moisture at 85 ° C./85% RH for 48 h, the crack generation rate of the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device when heat treatment at 240 ° C./10 seconds was performed. The test results are summarized in Table 3.
[0009]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004062786
Biphenyl type epoxy: Brominated epoxy manufactured by Yuka Shell Epoxy Co., Ltd .: Aralkyl type phenol manufactured by Toto Kasei Co., Ltd .: Triphenylphosphine adduct manufactured by Mitsui Toatsu Chemical Co., Ltd .: manufactured by Hokuko Chemical Co., Ltd.
[Table 2]
Figure 0004062786
[0011]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004062786
[0012]
As is apparent from the results shown in Table 3, heat resistance is obtained by using a sealing material having a particle size smaller than the gap between the inner lead and the semiconductor chip and using a filler content of 80% by weight or more. A semiconductor device having an excellent LOC structure with excellent electrical characteristics can be obtained.
[0013]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, there is no electrical characteristic defect due to damage to the passivation film caused by the filler and the underlying diffusion layer, and the solder heat resistance can be improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a semiconductor device having a LOC structure. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where a passivation film is destroyed.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Semiconductor chip 2 ... Inner lead 3 ... Passivation 4 ... LOC tape 5 ... Lead frame 6 ... Gold wire 7 ... Square filler 8 ... Spherical filler

Claims (5)

LOC構造を有する半導体装置に用いられる封止材であって、エポキシ樹脂、硬化剤、硬化促進剤及び無機充填材からなり、インナーリードと半導体チップ間隙よりも小粒径の無機充填材を80〜95重量%含有し、無機充填材の粒径を、インナーリードと半導体チップ間隙が70μm以上の場合はその値の90%以下、インナーリードと半導体チップ間隙が70μm未満の場合はその値の95%以下としたことを特徴とする封止材。A sealing material used in a semiconductor device having a LOC structure, which is made of an epoxy resin, a curing agent, a curing accelerator, and an inorganic filler, and an inorganic filler having a smaller particle diameter than the inner lead and the gap between the semiconductor chips is 80 to 95% by weight, the particle size of the inorganic filler is 90% or less of the value when the gap between the inner lead and the semiconductor chip is 70 μm or more, and 95% of the value when the gap between the inner lead and the semiconductor chip is less than 70 μm. The sealing material characterized by the following . 無機充填材の50%以上が球状である請求項1に記載の封止材。The sealing material according to claim 1, wherein 50% or more of the inorganic filler is spherical. エポキシ樹脂がビフェニル型であり、硬化剤がアラルキル型フェノール樹脂である請求項1または2に記載の封止材。Epoxy resin is a biphenyl type, a curing agent is aralkyl type phenolic resins der Ru claim 1 or 2 sealing material according to. 硬化促進剤がトリフェニルホスフィンとベンゾキノンの付加物である請求項1乃至のいずれかに記載の封止材。The sealing material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the curing accelerator is an adduct of triphenylphosphine and benzoquinone. 請求項1乃至のいづれかに記載の封止材により封止してなるLOC構造の半導体装置。The semiconductor device of LOC structure obtained by encapsulating the sealing material according to either of claims 1 to 4.
JP27633898A 1997-10-03 1998-09-30 SEALING MATERIAL AND LOC STRUCTURE SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE USING SAME Expired - Lifetime JP4062786B2 (en)

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