JP4060176B2 - Hydroponics body and hydroponics apparatus - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Technical field to which the invention belongs]
The present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation body and a hydroponic cultivation apparatus for cultivating a plant with a nutrient solution without using soil.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Circulate the nutrient solution and cultivate it in a thin stream of nutrient solution on a gently sloping flat cultivation bed, cultivate the plant root by immersing it in a solution in which air is blown to increase dissolved oxygen, or It was cultivated by sucking up or flowing down the nutrient solution on a flat cultivation floor using a capillary absorbent cloth.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention does not perform continuous forced movement of nutrient solution, and is not a flat cultivation floor using capillary water absorption, but hydroponics by a three-dimensional capillary water absorption cultivation floor similar to the internal structure of organically grown soil A cultivated body and a hydroponics apparatus for the same are provided. Internal structure similar to the natural state of organic soil that has not been seen in conventional hydroponic cultivation equipment, that is, a state in which three-dimensional capillary water absorption between soil particulates is possible at high humidity, that is, a spray (mist) atmosphere This is to make the state of hydroponic equipment.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Plant cultivation is known to be organic soil cultivation with improved soil. Organic soil eats organic matter in the soil by small animals such as microorganisms and earthworms, moves around, excretes, etc., decomposes and mineralizes the organic matter, and has a structure with a three-dimensional microscopic space. When stepped on, it feels like a cushion and flows away when it rains, and when it is clear, it retains moisture from the basement due to the capillary action between grains or aggregates. As shown in the state of the plant root of the organic soil as shown in FIG. 1, the structure of the aggregated soil particles 15 of the organic soil is good for the root of the plant. In other words, if the soil is removed from the inside of the organic soil, the plant roots are spread out in a state where the humidity is high and the plant roots can absorb the nutrient solution containing nutrients and moisture. More specifically, if the organic soil is removed, the root of the plant as shown in FIG. 2 is in a high humidity fog state, that is, a spray (mist) 16 state. In the present invention, the function of the organic soil such as the aggregated aggregate of FIG. 1 is artificially and three-dimensionally extracted so as to constitute the root function in the spray state of FIG. Plants can be cultivated in a cultivating environment close to organic cultivation, and without using soil, by utilizing an action similar to the function of organic soil.
[0005]
A hydroponic cultivation body in which a plurality of substrates having a capillary water supply function in which a square plate or a square frame is coated with a capillary water-absorbing cloth is arranged in parallel and spaced apart at an interval is integrated in the cultivation container. It is a device that is sealed and covered with a container lid with a planting hole to open a space with the hydroponic culture body, so that the lower part of this hydroponic culture body is immersed in the nutrient solution, and the top of this hydroponic culture body is The plant root of the plant inserted in the planting hole is placed, and the plant is cultivated in a capillary-absorbed and high-humidity state. The substrate having a capillary water-absorbing function is obtained by coating a square plate or a square frame with a capillary water-absorbing cloth, or further coating a water-permeable root sheet thereon. The side surface of the square plate or the square frame has irregularities, a saw blade shape or a space, or the square plate or the square frame itself has a mesh shape. In order to maintain the plant root in a high humidity state and to have a cultivation function only by this, the whole hydroponic cultivation body is integrally surrounded by a covering sheet or a covering insulating sheet. If the height of the central part of the plurality of parallel substrates having the capillary water absorption function of the hydroponic culture body is made lower than the height of the substrates at both ends, if the plant root is placed on the lower part, the substrates at both ends The difference in the height of the plant increases the wet volume of the plant root, which increases the wet space and improves rooting. A container lid having a cultivation container with a hydroponics body and a side wall surrounding the hydroponics body with an appropriate interval is provided to prevent the wet state of the plant root from escaping outside the container. . Further, by lining a cloth or sheet having a capillary water absorption function on the inner peripheral surface of the container lid, the wet state of the plant root can be maintained more. The substrate having a capillary water absorption function in which a square plate or a square frame is covered with a capillary water absorption cloth is used for a single-piece molded product having a three-dimensional space such as a sintered body or a foam having a conventional capillary water absorption function. This is because the inside of the plant is clogged with the ingress of plant roots, accumulation of salts, and fine particles due to the movement of water absorption, and the water absorption in the capillary is weakened. In other words, the inside of the integrally molded product having a capillary water absorption function is likely to be clogged, and if there is a lot of capillary water absorption in the surface layer part, the internal part is a square plate or a square frame having no capillary water absorption function from the beginning, As a surface layer portion having a capillary water-absorbing function, a rectangular plate or a square frame is covered with a capillary water-absorbing cloth.
[0006]
【Example】
FIG. 3 (a) is a cross-sectional view for explaining the hydroponic cultivation body and its apparatus according to the present invention, which is sealed with a cultivation container 10 in which the hydroponic cultivation body S is housed and its lid 11. Since S is coated with the capillary water-absorbing cloth 7 on the square plate 2, the entire hydroponic culture S is in a wet state by the capillary water-absorbing action of the nutrient solution W disposed on the bottom surface of the container 10. In other words, if you touch it with your hand, you will see water drops on your hand. Since the inside of the cultivation container 10 is in a sealed state, the entire inside of the container is placed in a high humidity state by the wet hydroponics S. If the medium root 14 of the plant 13 is put in the planting hole 12 of the container lid 11 so that there is no gap, and placed on the top of the hydroponics S, the culture medium is as shown in the functional explanatory diagram of FIG. At the root portion 14, the lower nutrient solution W rises due to the capillary action of the capillary water-absorbing cloth 7, and, as shown in detail in FIG. 3 (c), the root portion causes the capillary water rising from the bottom as indicated by the arrow. It can be taken in and replenished with nutrient solution to promote plant rooting. In addition, since the inside of the periphery is placed in a high humidity state M because it is sealed, the roots in the air of the plant also come out, the plant root spreads throughout the cultivated body S, and the nutrient solution can be absorbed. Further, as shown in FIG. 3 (d), if the hydroponic culture body S is surrounded by a cloth or sheet 18 having another capillary water-absorbing function with a predetermined interval from the hydroponic culture body S, hydroponics The whole body S and its surroundings are further in a high humidity state by a synergistic effect with the wet state of another capillary water supply cloth 18, and the cultivation environment of the plant root part is improved. Next, as shown in FIG. 5 (a) to FIG. 5 (g), the substrate 1 having a capillary water supply function constituting the hydroponics S is shown in various perspective views of the square plate or the square frame 2 in FIG. Like 2-1 flat plate, 2-2 flat plate with space, 2-3 plate frame, 2-4 mesh plate, 2-5 mesh plate frame, etc. are suitable, Various square plates or square frames 2 are covered with a cylindrical bag-like capillary absorbent cloth 7-1, 7-2, or the like. A plurality of the substrates 1 that are arranged and integrated with a necessary interval a are hydroponic culture bodies S as shown in FIGS. 5 (d) to 5 (g). 5 (d) and 5 (e) show each of the integrated products formed by arranging a plurality of square plates or square frames 2 in parallel at a necessary interval as shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b). Each single plate is covered with a capillary absorbent cloth 7 and then fixed with a fixing plate 3-1, 3-2 or 3-3. 5 (f), as shown in FIG. 5 (c), the ribs at both ends of the square plate 2 covered with the capillary absorbent cloth 7 are fitted with the fixing plates 3-4, and the stoppers are fitted into the protruding holes of the plate 2. 4 is fixed and integrated. This allows the hydroponics S to be easily disassembled. FIG. 5 (g) shows a structure in which a spacer 5 is inserted between the substrates 1, and the outer periphery thereof is wound around a string 6 and fixed. For the square plate or the square frame, plastics or the like that does not corrode and can be easily molded integrally is suitable. As shown in FIG. 4, the side surface of the square plate 2 has a space such as 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, or 2-5, and air contact from the inside when the capillary absorbent cloth is covered. Is more preferable for plant roots. Furthermore, when the capillary water absorbent cloth is covered by making the side surface of the square plate 2 into a saw blade shape like 2-6 and an uneven shape like 2-7 when viewed from above, the flat plate and the capillary water absorbent cloth A space is formed between the two and air contact is increased, which is preferable for plant roots. The required distance a between the substrates 1 in FIG. 5A and the like is suitable from several millimeters to several centimeters, and the height H is suitable from several centimeters to tens of centimeters. The necessary interval is that the plant roots enter between them, and that the high humidity between the substrates can be maintained. This height H corresponds to the amount of capillary water supplied by the capillary water-absorbing cloth and the capillary suction height h. Capillary water-absorbing cloth 7 can be either woven or non-woven fabric as long as it can maintain a high humidity between the substrates and can supply water required by plants with capillary water-absorbing power, and one thread itself has capillary water absorption Moreover, what has a capillary water absorption function as a nonwoven fabric should just be. In terms of material, chemical fibers such as polyester that are durable and durable against plant root corrosion and various microorganisms and small animals are suitable because they can be reused. The shape of the substrate 1 is not limited to a square plate or a square frame in consideration of plant ornamental or design properties, but may be any shape such as a cylindrical shape, a conical shape, an inverted conical shape, or a triangular pyramid shape. The substrate having a capillary water absorption function may be an integrally molded product such as a sintered body or a foam having a capillary water absorption function, but it is difficult to mold, and the molded product is expensive, and plant roots and salt accumulation are also included. When clogging occurs inside, it is difficult to regenerate, and it is not practical because it is expensive to consider as a consumable item. As in the present invention, if the woven or non-woven capillary water absorbent cloth is coated on the square plate, the capillary water absorbent cloth can be regenerated and reused by consumable replacement, washing or dipping. Can do.
[0007]
FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional perspective view of a hydroponic cultivation apparatus showing a state of plant cultivation. FIG.6 (b) shows sectional drawing and a part of side view of another hydroponic cultivation apparatus, and arrange | positions the cooling / heating pipe 29 in the bottom face of the cultivation container 10, By passing warm water or cold water through a pipe, Since the cultivation container 10 has a heat insulating property such as made of polystyrene foam, the temperature of the internal hydroponic cultivation body S can be adjusted, and the environment of the plant root part is not easily affected by the outside air temperature so that it becomes an appropriate temperature. ing. In addition, U-shaped bar pedestals 30 are provided at appropriate intervals so as to wind the cultivation container 10, and the upper half-circular support bars 31 are inserted into the cylindrical portions at both ends of the bar pedestal 30 and set. If the transparent sheet is placed on the support bar 31 and fixed to the support bar 31 so as to sandwich the transparent sheet, a hydroponic cultivation apparatus with a greenhouse with a vinyl sheet cover can be provided.
[0008]
As shown in the explanatory view of the hydroponic culture body S in FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b), the height of the substrate 1-10 at the center of the plurality of substrates having the capillary water absorption function is set to the substrate 1 at both ends. If the base 14 with a medium such as urethane, rock wool, or soil is placed on the top of the base 14 as shown in Fig. 11, the root 14 is wet at the periphery. Since it is surrounded by the substrate, it is kept in a higher humidity state, which facilitates the rooting of plants and is convenient. Or depending on the structure of the cultivation apparatus as shown in FIG. 8 (a), it becomes easier to place the plant root part by lowering in this way. As a specific example, FIG. 9A shows a large number of plants 13 with a medium from the planting hole 12 of the container lid 11 on the top of the lower substrate 1-10 in the center of the hydroponics S mounted in the cultivation container 10. It is suitable for cultivating large numbers on a large scale. The apparatus of FIG. 9A opens the inlet valve 27-1 of the cultivation container 10 connected to the nutrient solution tank at the high position, and further opens the outlet valve 27-2 to set a constant water level c in the cultivation container 10. If secured, it can be cultivated in a high-humidity state in the container and capillary water absorption. Hydroponics culture body that fills nutrient solution in cultivation container 10 by closing outlet valve 27-2 and opening immersion valve 27-3 at the time of gradual removal of salt accumulation, etc. S may be removed by immersion, or the container lid 11 may be removed and sprayed from above for cleaning. Alternatively, the hydroponics S may be taken out and washed or immersed. FIG. 7 (c) shows that when the plant is cultivated with the hydroponic cultivation body S and the plant is pulled out, if the plant root penetrates into the capillary absorbent cloth 7 and sticks easily and is difficult to separate, the working efficiency is deteriorated. A water-absorbing root sheet 8 of non-corroded synthetic fiber that allows water to pass therethrough but does not pass through plant roots is coated on top of the capillary water-absorbing cloth 1 in close contact. FIG. 7D shows an enlarged view of the one substrate. Thus, if the water-permeable root-proof sheet | seat 8 is further closely_contact | adhered and coat | covered on the capillary water absorbent cloth 7, the hydroponics S and the root part of the plant 13 can be isolate | separated easily after cultivation.
[0009]
FIG. 8 (a) shows the whole hydroponic cultivation body S sealed and integrated with a covering sheet 9-1, and water fixed in a sealing manner with a covering sheet 9-1 such as vinyl in this way. If the cultivated cultivated body is in contact with the nutrient solution at the bottom where the mouth is open, the inside will be in a highly humid and humid state, and the root 14 of the medium of the plant 13 will be placed on the top of the substrate in the implantation hole 12 on the top surface. It can be cultivated if it is placed. This method can facilitate mass production of plant cultivation. With this alone, an environment similar to organically grown soil can be formed. This forms the basic component of hydroponics. FIG. 8 (b) shows another embodiment, in which a hydroponic cultivation body S in FIG. 8 (c) is hermetically enclosed and integrated with a covering sheet 9-1. In addition, since it is lower than the substrates 1-11 at both ends, it is suitable for cultivation of plants with a large amount of water supply at the root. FIG. 8D shows a hydroponic cultivation body S that is sealed and integrated with a heat insulating sheet 9-2 having heat insulation properties, and is less susceptible to the influence of outside air temperature.
[0010]
FIG. 9 (b) shows an enveloping container lid 17 having a side wall arranged so as to overlap the side surface of the container 10 so as to surround the hydroponics object S on the inner surface of the cultivation container 10 with the hydroponically cultivated body S inside. By removing the gap between the container and the lid, the hydroponic cultivation body S is further sealed to maintain a high humidity state. If a hollow cap 19 having elasticity such as sponge is fitted in the implantation hole 12 for inserting the root 14 of the plant 13 of the envelope 13 in the enclosure container 17, and the medium root 14 is pushed in, the root is sealed. The whole hydroponics S can be maintained and maintained in a high humidity state. When it is necessary to circulate the air inside the enclosure container lid 17, a small hole 26 can be provided in the side wall 33 of the enclosure container lid 17. This device makes the plant root more moist.
[0011]
FIG. 10 (a) has a cultivation container 10 in which a hydroponic cultivation body S is housed, and a side wall 33 so as to surround the hydroponic cultivation body S with an appropriate interval from the outer peripheral surface. A device comprising a surrounding container lid 17 lined with a cloth or sheet 18 having a capillary water-absorbing function. Since the cloth or sheet 18 having a capillary water-absorbing function is lined on the surrounding container lid 17, the hydroponics S is higher. It is kept in a humid state of humidity. When the volume of the medium-attached root portion 14 of the plant 13 placed on the top of the hydroponic culture body S in FIG. 10 (b) increases with the growth of the plant, the enclosure container lid 17 is lifted upward as shown by the arrow and the root vegetable. It can function even if the volume of the root part of the species increases.
[0012]
FIG. 13 shows a plurality of cultivation containers 10 connected and installed on a gantry 25 for efficient cultivation work, a water level storage box 21 for keeping the cultivation container 10 at a constant liquid level, and a nutrient solution. A nutrient solution tank 23 to be mixed and stored is connected via flexible pipes 28 around the water level storage box 21. The storage box 21 stored up to a constant water level d with a ball tap or the like attached to the nutrient solution tank 23 disposed higher than the storage box 21 is moved up and down with a jack etc. The water level c of the grown cultivation container 10 can be relatively controlled. When the jack is raised, the storage box 21 rises, and at the same time, the water level of the container 10 rises, and when lowered, it drops. In this way, if the water level in the cultivation container 10 is set so that it can be constantly supplied constantly, even if the plant absorbs more nutrient solution as the plant grows, it always provides the nutrient solution that the plant requires. Since it can be replenished, the plant does not need to be rooted for a nutrient solution and the cultivation efficiency is improved. The device that keeps the water level constant is generally the function of the ball tap system of the flush toilet that replenishes the amount of water used, the function of the kerosene supply device of the kerosene heater, and the chicken drinker shown in Fig. 15. Water level adjustment that adjusts the water level c by moving the piston up and down with a mechanism like a cylinder and piston at the bottom of the cultivation container 10 as shown in FIG. A vessel 20 may be provided. As shown in FIG. 13, the water level in the cultivation container 10 is separated from the cultivation container 10 through the flexible tube 28 by separating the storage box 21 of the constant water level device, so that the height of the storage box 21 can be adjusted. The constant water level height in the cultivation container 10 can be changed. When the water level in the cultivation container 10 is high, the amount of capillary uptake of the hydroponic cultivation body S is large, and when the water level is low, the amount of capillary uptake is small. By changing the water level of the cultivation container 10, it is possible to change the water absorption amount of the hydroponic culture body S. Therefore, it is possible to easily control different water absorption amounts depending on the nature of the plant. That is, it is possible to provide an optimal root environment for plants. In this way, by controlling the amount of water absorption at the root of the plant, it is possible to adjust the growth and to adjust the sugar content of fruit vegetables by appropriately applying stress to the plant. Thus, since this invention can control the amount of water absorption corresponding to the property of a plant, it can provide the optimal root environment corresponding to many plant cultivation. Fig. 16 shows a practical hydroponics plant, where a cultivation vessel 10 capable of growing a large number of long plants installed on a horizontal frame and a constant water level storage box 21 are all partly moved by a flexible tube 28. It is connected to each cultivation container 10 and further connected to a nutrient solution tank 23 positioned higher than the storage box 21 via a flexible tube 28 that can be partially moved from the storage box 21. By moving up and down the storage box 21 placed on the cradle 22 that can be moved up and down with a jack etc., the water level of all the cultivation containers 10 connected from the storage box 21 can be freely adjusted at once, A low-cost hydroponics plant can be provided.
[0013]
【The invention's effect】
The hydroponic cultivation body and the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention use an internal structure similar to the natural state of organic soil without using any power, that is, a state capable of absorbing three-dimensional capillaries between soil particulates at high humidity. , It is that it was artificially made into a sprayed state in which the soil of the soil part of the plant root part was removed, that is, a spray (mist) state was formed. It is not a flat, single arrangement of the capillary water absorbent cloth, but a three-dimensional arrangement of a substrate having a capillary water absorption function arranged in a plurality at intervals, and a square having a capillary water absorption function is a square. Since the board is covered with a capillary absorbent cloth, it can be easily dealt with by replacing the capillary absorbent cloth, washing, or immersing it against continuous damage or other obstacles caused by salt accumulation. Furthermore, because of this structure, the contact area of the plant root with the capillary absorbent cloth is increased by several steps, the amount of water absorbed by the plant is increased, and the space between the capillary absorbent cloths can be maintained in a high humidity state, which is ideal for plants. The environment of the root of the can be provided at low cost.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the state of plant roots in organic soil.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a state in a spraying (mist) state of a plant root.
FIG. 3 is a functional explanatory diagram of a cross section of a hydroponic cultivation body and its apparatus.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view and various top views of various shapes of a square plate or a square frame.
FIG. 5 is a configuration explanatory view of a hydroponic culture body and a perspective view of various hydroponic culture bodies.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view and a perspective view of a hydroponic cultivation apparatus.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a hydroponic cultivation body.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view and a perspective view of an apparatus in which a hydroponic culture body is covered with a sheet.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view and a perspective view of a hydroponic cultivation apparatus.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a hydroponic cultivation apparatus.
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a plant root of a plant.
FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a cap.
FIG. 13 is a system diagram of a hydroponic cultivation apparatus.
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a constant water level adjuster in a cultivation container.
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of a constant water level of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus.
FIG. 16 is a plan layout system diagram of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Board
2 Square plate or square frame
3 Fixing plate
4 Stopper
5 Spacer
6 Tightening
7 Capillary water absorbent cloth
8 Root prevention sheet
9 Cover sheet or insulation sheet
10 Cultivation container
11 Container lid
12 implantation hole
13 plants
14 Root with medium
15 granular soil particles
16 Spray (mist)
17 Enclosure lid
18 Cloth or sheet with capillary water absorption function
19 cap
20 Water level regulator
21 Water level storage box
22 cradle
23 Nutrient tank
24 plastic bottles
25 frame
26 Small hole
27 Valve
28 Flexible tube
29 Cooling and heating pipe
30 bar cradle
31 Support rod
32 Transparent sheet
33 Side wall
a Required board spacing
b Difference in height between both ends and center of the board
c, d constant water level
h Suction height
H Board height
S Hydroponics
W nutrient solution
M High humidity condition

Claims (9)

A hydroponic cultivation body characterized in that a plurality of substrates having a capillary water-absorbing function, in which a square plate or a square frame is covered with a capillary water-absorbing cloth, are arranged in parallel and spaced apart in parallel. 2. The hydroponic culture according to claim 1, wherein the substrate having a capillary water-absorbing function is obtained by coating a square plate or a square frame with a capillary water-absorbing cloth and further with a water-proof root sheet. The hydroponic cultivation body according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the side surface of the square plate or the square frame has irregularities, a saw blade shape or a space, or the square plate or the square frame itself has a mesh shape. . 4. The hydroponic culture according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the height of the central part of the substrate having a capillary water absorption function is lower than both ends. 5. A hydroponic culture body, wherein the entire hydroponic culture body according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 is integrated by being surrounded by a covering sheet or a heat insulating sheet. A cultivation container equipped with the hydroponic culture body according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, and a container lid with a planting hole into which a plant is put in the cultivation container with a space between the hydroponic cultivation body and sealed. Soak the lower part of the hydroponic culture in a nutrient solution, place the plant inserted in the implantation hole of the container lid on the top of the hydroponic culture, and place the plant in a high humidity state and water absorption by a capillary tube. Hydroponic cultivation apparatus characterized by cultivating. A cultivation container equipped with the hydroponic cultivation body according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, and a container lid having a side wall that surrounds the outer circumferential surface of the hydroponic cultivation body with a predetermined interval. Hydroponic cultivation equipment. 8. A hydroponic cultivation apparatus, wherein a cloth or a sheet having a capillary water absorption function is lined on an inner peripheral surface of a container lid of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 7. The hydroponic culture body according to claim 5, having a nutrient solution inlet on the bottom, a planting hole on the top, and inserting the plant into the planting hole and placing it on the top of the hydroponic cultivation substrate A hydroponic cultivation apparatus, wherein the plant is cultivated in a high humidity state and water absorption by a capillary tube by immersing the lower part of the hydroponic cultivation body with a nutrient solution.

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