JP2004201527A - Hydroponic body and hydroponic apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hydroponic apparatus utilizing a capillary water absorption cloth and having an internal structure resembling the natural state of organic soil so as to afford a misty atmosphere state performing three-dimensional capillary water absorption among soil granular materials at a high humidity. <P>SOLUTION: The apparatus is composed by internally installing a hydroponic body S in which a plurality of substrates 1 having capillary water absorbing functions prepared by covering a square plate or a square frame 2 with the capillary water absorbing cloth 7 are arranged at a required interval a side by side in a cultivation container 10 so as to cover a container lid 11 having planting holes 12 for placing plants with a space from the hydroponic body S in a hermetically sealed state. In the apparatus, the lower part of the hydroponic body S is dipped in a culture solution W and culture medium root parts 14 of the plants 13 inserted into the planting holes 12 of the container lid 11 are placed at the top of the hydroponic body S so as to cultivate the plants in a high-humidity state with the capillary water absorption. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation body for cultivating a plant with a nutrient solution without using soil, and a hydroponic cultivation apparatus therefor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
By circulating the nutrient solution, it is cultivated in a thin stream of the nutrient solution on a gently inclined flat cultivation floor, or cultivated by immersing the plant roots in a solution with increased dissolved oxygen by blowing air, or The nutrient solution has been cultivated by sucking up or flowing down the nutrient solution on a flat cultivation floor using a capillary absorbent cloth.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention provides a hydroponic system using a three-dimensional capillary water-absorbing cultivation floor that resembles the internal structure of an organic cultivation soil, without performing continuous forced movement of a nutrient solution, and is not a flat cultivation floor using capillary water-absorption power A cultivation body and a hydroponic cultivation apparatus thereof are provided. An internal structure similar to the natural state of organic soil, which is not seen in conventional hydroponic cultivation equipment, that is, a state in which three-dimensional capillary water absorption between soil particulates is possible at high humidity, ie, a spray (mist) atmosphere Is to convert the state of the above into a hydroponic device.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
It is known that organic soil cultivation with improved soil is good for plant cultivation. Organic soil is a structure with small three-dimensional micro-spaces, degrading organic matter while the organic matter in the soil is eaten by small animals such as microorganisms and earthworms, moving around, excreting, etc. When you step on it, it feels like a cushion, flows off when it rains, and when it is sunny, it retains moisture from underground due to capillary action between grains or aggregates. As shown in the state of the plant roots of the organic soil as shown in FIG. 1, the configuration of the aggregated soil particles 15 of the organic soil is good for the roots of the plants. In other words, if the soil is removed from the organic soil, the plant roots are spread around in a state where the humidity is high and the plant roots can absorb a nutrient solution having nutrients and water. More specifically, if the organic soil is removed, the roots of the plant as shown in Fig. 2 are in a high-humidity mist state, that is, in a mist 16 state. The present invention artificially and three-dimensionally extracts the function of an organic soil, such as the aggregated aggregate of FIG. 1, so as to constitute the function of the root in the spray state of FIG. Plants can be cultivated in a cultivation environment close to organic cultivation, without using soil, and by utilizing an effect similar to the function of organic soil.
[0005]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
A substrate having a capillary water supply function in which a square plate or a square frame is covered with a capillary water supply cloth is arranged in parallel at a predetermined interval and a plurality of integrated hydroponic culture bodies are provided in a cultivation container. A device covered with a hydroponic cultivation body and a container lid with a stud hole to put the plant with a space in it, covered with a lid, immersed the lower part of the hydroponic cultivation body in a nutrient solution, The root of the medium of the plant inserted into the planting hole is placed, and the plant is grown under the condition of water absorption by capillary and high humidity.
[0006]
【Example】
FIG. 3 (a) is a cross-sectional view for explaining the hydroponic cultivation body of the present invention and its apparatus, wherein the cultivation container 10 having the hydroponic cultivation body S inside and the lid 11 thereof are sealed. Since the square plate 2 is covered with the capillary water absorbing cloth 7 on S, the entire hydroponic cultivation body S is in a wet state by the capillary water absorbing action of the nutrient solution W disposed on the bottom surface of the container 10. In other words, if you touch it with your hand, the water drops on your hand. Since the inside of the cultivation container 10 is in a closed state, the entire inside of the container is placed in a high humidity state by the wet hydroponics S. When the root portion 14 of the culture medium of the plant 13 is inserted into the planting hole 12 of the container lid 11 so as not to leave a gap, and placed on the top of the hydroponic cultivation body S, as shown in the function explanatory diagram of FIG. At the base 14, the nutrient solution W at the lower portion rises due to the capillary action of the capillary water-absorbing cloth 7, and as shown in the details of FIG. It can take in nutrient solution and promote plant rooting. In addition, since the inside is surrounded by the high humidity state M because of the hermetic seal, the roots in the air of the plant also come out, and the plant root spreads over the whole cultivated body S, so that the nutrient solution can be absorbed. Further, as shown in FIG. 3 (d), if the hydroponic cultivation body S is surrounded by a cloth or sheet 18 having another capillary water absorbing function at a required interval from the hydroponic cultivation body S, The whole body S and its surroundings are brought into a further high humidity state due to the synergistic effect of the wet state of another capillary water supply cloth 18, and the cultivation environment of the plant root is further improved. Next, as shown in FIG. 5 (a) to FIG. 5 (g), the substrate 1 having a capillary water supply function constituting the hydroponics S is shown in various perspective views of the square plate or square frame 2 in FIG. Thus, shapes such as 2-1 flat plate, 2-2 flat plate with space, 2-3 plate frame, 2-4 mesh plate, 2-5 mesh plate frame are suitable, Various square plates or square frames 2 are covered with a tubular bag-shaped capillary water-absorbing cloth 7-1, 7-2, or the like. A plurality of the substrates 1 arranged at intervals with a required interval a and integrated are a hydroponics S as shown in FIG. 5D to FIG. 5G. 5 (d) and 5 (e) show an example of an integrated product formed by arranging a plurality of square plates or square frames 2 in parallel at required intervals as shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b). Each single plate is covered with the capillary water-absorbing cloth 7, and then fixed with the fixing plate 3-1, 3-2, or 3-3. FIG. 5 (f) shows a square plate 2 covered with a capillary absorbent cloth 7 as shown in FIG. 5 (c). It is fixed by 4 and integrated. This allows the hydroponics S to be easily decomposed. FIG. 5 (g) shows a structure in which a spacer 5 is inserted between the substrates 1 and the outer periphery thereof is wound around a string 6 and fixed. The square plate or square frame is preferably made of plastics or the like which does not corrode and is easily formed integrally. As shown in Fig. 4, when the side of the square plate 2 has a space such as 2-2, 2-3, 2-4 or 2-5, it comes into contact with air from inside when the capillary absorbent cloth is covered. Is more preferable for plant roots. Further, by making the side surface shape of the square plate 2 a saw blade shape like 2-6 and an uneven shape like 2-7 when viewed from the top, when the capillary water absorbing cloth is covered, the flat plate and the capillary water absorbing cloth are covered. This creates a space between them and increases air contact, which is more favorable for plant roots. The required interval a between the substrates 1 in FIG. 5 (a) or the like is suitably several millimeters to several centimeters, and the height H is suitably several centimeters to ten and several centimeters. The required spacing is such that the plant roots can pass between them and still maintain high humidity between the substrates. The height H corresponds to the amount of water supplied to the capillary by the capillary absorbent cloth and the height h of the capillary suction. The capillary water-absorbing cloth 7 may be either a woven cloth or a non-woven cloth as long as it can maintain high humidity between the substrates and can supply the water required by the plant by the capillary water-absorbing power, and the single thread itself has the capillary water-absorbing property. Alternatively, any nonwoven fabric having a capillary water absorbing function may be used. In terms of the material, any chemical fiber such as polyester that is durable and persistent against corrosion of plant roots, various microorganisms and small animals can be reused, and thus is suitable. The shape of the substrate 1 is not limited to a square plate or a square frame, and may be an arbitrary shape such as a cylindrical shape, a conical shape, an inverted conical shape, or a triangular pyramid shape in consideration of ornamental use of plants or design. The substrate having a capillary water absorbing function may be an integrally molded product such as a sintered body or a foam having the capillary water absorbing function, but it is difficult to mold, and the molded product is expensive, and moreover, plant roots and salt accumulation etc. When clogging occurs inside the device, it is difficult to regenerate, and the cost is high in terms of consumables, which is not practical. As in the present invention, if a woven or non-woven capillary absorbent cloth is coated on a square plate, the capillary absorbent cloth can be replaced as a consumable or regenerated by washing or dipping and reused. Can be.
[0007]
FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional perspective view of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus and shows a state of plant cultivation. FIG. 6 (b) shows a cross-sectional view and a partial side view of another hydroponic cultivation apparatus, in which a cooling / heating pipe 29 is provided on the bottom surface of the cultivation container 10, and hot or cold water is passed through the pipe. Since the cultivation container 10 has thermal insulation such as made of styrofoam, it is possible to control the temperature of the hydroponics S inside the cultivation container 10 so that the environment of the root of the plant is not easily affected by the outside air temperature and has an appropriate temperature. ing. Further, a U-shaped bar support 30 is provided at appropriate intervals so as to wind the cultivation container 10, and a support bar 31 having a semicircular upper portion is inserted into the cylindrical portions at both ends of the bar support 30 and set. Then, by covering the transparent sheet on the support rod 31 and fixing the transparent sheet to the support rod 31 so as to sandwich the transparent sheet, a hydroponic cultivation apparatus with a greenhouse with a vinyl sheet cover can be provided.
[0008]
As shown in the explanatory view of the hydroponic cultivation body S of FIGS. 7A and 7B, the height of the substrate 1-10 at the center of the plurality of substrates having the capillary water absorption function is changed to the substrate 1 at both ends. If the height of b is lower than the height of -11, and a root part 14 with a culture medium such as urethane, rock wool or cultivation as shown in FIG. The substrate is kept in a high humidity state because it is surrounded by the substrate, and the rooting of the plant is promoted, which is convenient. Alternatively, depending on the structure of the cultivation device as shown in FIG. As a specific example, FIG. 9 (a) shows a large number of plants 13 with a culture medium through the planting holes 12 of the container lid 11 on the top of the low substrate 1-10 at the center of the hydroponic culture S inside the cultivation container 10. It is suitable for cultivation on a large scale. 9 (a) opens the inlet valve 27-1 of the cultivation container 10 connected to the nutrient solution tank at a high position, and further opens the outlet valve 27-2 to set a constant water level c in the cultivation container 10. If it is secured, it can be cultivated in a high humidity state and capillary water absorption in the container. At the time of gradual removal such as accumulation of salts that hinder continuous cropping of the capillary water-absorbing cloth after cultivation, the cultivation container 10 is filled with the nutrient solution by closing the outlet valve 27-2 and opening the immersion valve 27-3, and the hydroponics S may be removed by immersion, or the container lid 11 may be removed and sprayed from above for cleaning. Alternatively, the hydroponics S may be taken out and washed or immersed. FIG. 7 (c) shows that when the plant is pulled out after cultivating the plant in the hydroponically grown body S and the plant root penetrates or sticks to the capillary water-absorbing cloth 7 and it is difficult to separate easily, the work efficiency deteriorates. A water-absorbing root-prevention sheet 8 made of a synthetic fiber that allows moisture to pass therethrough but does not pass through plant roots, but does not corrode, is coated on the capillary absorbent cloth 1 in close contact. FIG. 7D shows an enlarged view of one of the substrates. As described above, if the water-permeable root-prevention sheet 8 is further tightly covered on the capillary water-absorbing cloth 7, the root part of the hydroponic cultivation body S and the plant 13 can be easily separated after cultivation.
[0009]
FIG. 8 (a) shows the entire hydroponic cultivation body S hermetically surrounded by a covering sheet 9-1 and integrated therewith. If the cultivated cultivation body alone is in contact with the nutrient solution at the lower part where the opening is open, the inside will be in a high humidity and wet state, and the root part 14 with the culture medium of the plant 13 will be placed on the top of the substrate in the planting hole 12 on the upper surface. If you put it on it, you can grow it. This method can facilitate mass production of plant cultivation. This alone can create an environment similar to organically grown soil. This forms the basic component of hydroponics. FIG. 8B shows another embodiment, in which the hydroponic cultivation body S of FIG. 8C is integrally surrounded by a covering sheet 9-1 in a sealed manner. It is lower than the substrates 1-11 at both ends, so it is suitable for cultivation of plants with a large amount of water supply at the root. FIG. 8 (d) shows a hydroponic cultivation body S that is hermetically sealed and integrated with a heat insulating sheet 9-2 having heat insulation, so that it is hardly affected by the outside air temperature.
[0010]
FIG. 9 (b) shows a cultivation container 10 in which a hydroponic cultivation body S is housed, and a surrounding container lid 17 having a side wall that overlaps with the side surface of the container 10 so as to surround the hydroponic cultivation body S on its inner surface. By doing so, a gap between the container and the lid is eliminated, the hydroponic cultivation body S is further sealed, and a high humidity state is maintained. An elastic hollow cap 19 such as sponge is fitted into the planting hole 12 of the surrounding container lid 17 for inserting the root portion 14 of the plant 13 of the plant 13, and the root portion 14 is sealed by pushing the root portion 14 with the medium into it. The whole of the held hydroponics S can be maintained in a high humidity state. When the circulation of the air in the surrounding container cover 17 is required, the small hole 26 can be provided in the side wall 33 of the surrounding container cover 17. This device makes the plant roots more moist.
[0011]
FIG. 10A shows a cultivation container 10 in which a hydroponic cultivation body S is provided, and a side wall 33 surrounding the hydroponic cultivation body S at a required interval from an outer peripheral surface of the cultivation body S. A device comprising a surrounding container lid 17 lined with a cloth or sheet 18 having a capillary water absorbing function. Since the surrounding container lid 17 is lined with a cloth or sheet 18 having a capillary water absorbing function, the hydroponic cultivation body S is higher. It is kept in a humid condition. 10 (b), if the volume of the medium 14 of the plant 13 placed on the top of the hydroponically grown body S increases with the growth of the plant, the surrounding container lid 17 is lifted upward as indicated by the arrow and the root vegetable It can function even if the volume of the roots of the species is large.
[0012]
FIG. 13 shows a plurality of cultivation containers 10 connected and installed on a gantry 25 for efficient cultivation work, a water level storage box 21 for keeping the liquid level of the cultivation containers 10 constant, and a nutrient solution. The nutrient solution tank 23 to be prepared and stored is connected via flexible pipes 28 around the water level storage box 21. The storage box 21 stored up to the constant water level d by a ball tap or the like attached to the inside connected to the nutrient solution tank 23 disposed at a higher position than the storage box 21 is moved up and down with a jack or the like of the receiving stand 22 to be installed. The water level c of the grown cultivation container 10 can be relatively controlled. When the jack is raised, the storage box 21 is raised, and at the same time, the water level of the container 10 is raised, and when the jack is lowered, it is lowered. In this way, if the water level in the cultivation container 10 is always set to be constant and can be supplied, even if the plant absorbs the nutrient solution more and more as the plant grows, the nutrient solution only required by the plant is always provided. Because they can be replenished, plants need not spread their roots in search of nutrient solution and cultivation efficiency is improved. The device that keeps the water level constant generally has functions such as a ball tap system in a flush toilet that replenishes water when water is used, a kerosene supply device in a kerosene heater, and a chicken watering device shown in Fig. 15. A water level adjustment that adjusts the water level c by moving the piston up and down by a mechanism such as a cylinder and a piston at the bottom of the cultivation container 10 as shown in FIG. A vessel 20 may be provided. As shown in FIG. 13, the water level in the cultivation container 10 is separated from the cultivation container 10 via the flexible pipe 28 so as to separate the storage box 21 of the constant water level device from the cultivation container 10, so that the height of the storage box 21 can be adjusted. The constant water level height in the cultivation container 10 can be changed. When the water level in the cultivation container 10 is high, the amount of capillary suction of the hydroponic cultivation body S is large, and when the water level is low, the amount of capillary suction is small. By changing the water level of the cultivation container 10, the water absorption of the hydroponic cultivation body S can be changed, so that the water absorption different depending on the properties of the plant can be easily controlled. That is, it is possible to provide an optimum root environment for plants. By controlling the amount of water absorbed by the roots of the plant in this way, it is possible to adjust the growth and appropriately apply stress to the plant, thereby adjusting the sugar content in the fruit and vegetable. As described above, the present invention can control the amount of water absorption corresponding to the properties of the plant, so that it is possible to provide an optimal root environment corresponding to many plant cultivations. FIG. 16 is a practical hydroponic cultivation plant, in which a cultivation container 10 and a constant water level storage box 21 capable of cultivating a large number of long plants installed on a horizontal stand are all moved by a flexible pipe 28 capable of partially moving. It is connected to each cultivation container 10 and further connected to a nutrient solution tank 23 at a higher position than the storage box 21 via a flexible pipe 28 that can move a part of the storage box 21. The water level of all the cultivation containers 10 connected from the storage box 21 can be freely adjusted at once by vertically moving the storage box 21 placed on the receiving stand 22 that can be moved up and down with a jack, A low-cost hydroponic plant can be provided.
[0013]
【The invention's effect】
The hydroponic cultivation body and the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention do not use any power and have an internal structure similar to the natural state of organic soil, that is, a state in which high-humidity, three-dimensional capillary water absorption between soil particulate matter is possible. This is due to the fact that the soil in the root portion of the plant was artificially removed to form a spray, that is, a spray (mist) was formed. Instead of a flat and single arrangement of capillary water-absorbing cloth, a three-dimensional arrangement of substrates having a capillary water-absorbing function arranged in a plurality at intervals is required. Since the plate is covered with a capillary water-absorbing cloth, it is possible to easily cope with continuous cropping failure and other obstacles due to salt accumulation by replacing the capillary water-absorbing cloth, or by washing or dipping. Furthermore, with such a configuration, the contact area of the root of the plant with the capillary absorbent cloth is increased by several steps, so that the amount of water absorbed by the plant is increased and the space between the capillary absorbent cloths can be maintained in a high humidity state, which is ideal for plants. Environment at a low cost.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a state of a plant root in an organic soil.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a state where a plant root is in a spray (mist) state.
FIG. 3 is a functional explanatory view of a cross section of the hydroponic cultivation body and its device.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view and various top views of various shapes of a square plate or a square frame.
FIG. 5 is a configuration explanatory view of a hydroponic cultivation body and a perspective view of various hydroponic cultivation bodies.
FIG. 6 is a sectional view and a perspective view of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a hydroponic cultivation body.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view and a perspective view of an apparatus in which a hydroponic cultivation body is covered with a sheet.
FIG. 9 is a sectional view and a perspective view of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus.
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a root part of a medium of a plant.
FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a cap.
FIG. 13 is a system diagram of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus.
FIG. 14 is a sectional view of a constant water level adjuster in the cultivation container.
FIG. 15 is an explanatory sectional view of a constant water level device of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus.
FIG. 16 is a plan layout system diagram of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 substrate
2 Square plate or square frame
3 Fixing plate
4 Stoppers
5 Spacer
6 String tightening
7 Capillary absorbent cloth
8 Root prevention sheet
9 Coated sheet or insulation sheet
10 Cultivation container
11 Container lid
12 Stud hole
13 plants
14 Medium root
15 Agglomerated soil particles
16 Spray (mist)
17 Surrounding container lid
18 Cloth or sheet with capillary water absorption function
19 cap
20 Water level controller
21 Water level storage box
22 cradle
23 Nutrient tank
24 PET bottles
25 trestle
26 small holes
27 valve
28 Flexible tube
29 Cooling / heating pipe
30 bar support
31 Support bar
32 transparent sheet
33 Side wall
a Required spacing of PCB
b Height difference between both ends and the center of the board
c, d constant water level
h Suction height
H Board height
S hydroponics
W nutrient solution
M High humidity condition

Claims (9)

A hydroponic cultivation body, comprising a plurality of rectangular boards or square frames each having a capillary water-absorbing cloth covered with a capillary water-absorbing function, arranged in parallel at predetermined intervals, and integrated. 2. The hydroponic cultivation body according to claim 1, wherein the substrate having a capillary water-absorbing function is a square plate or a square frame coated with a capillary water-absorbing cloth, and further covered with a water-permeable root-proof sheet. The hydroponic cultivation body according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the side surface of the square plate or the square frame has irregularities, a saw blade shape or a space, or the square plate or the square frame itself has a mesh shape. . 4. The hydroponic cultivation body according to claim 1, wherein a height of a central portion of the substrate having a capillary water absorbing function is lower than both ends. 5. A hydroponic cultivation body, wherein the entire hydroponic cultivation body according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 is surrounded by a covering sheet or a heat insulating sheet and integrated. A cultivation container equipped with the hydroponic cultivation body according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, and a lid with an implantation hole for putting a plant in the cultivation container with the hydroponic cultivation body and a space opened and closed. The lower part of the hydroponic cultivation body is immersed in a nutrient solution, and the plant inserted in the planting hole of the container lid is placed on the top of the hydroponic cultivation body. A hydroponic cultivation apparatus characterized by cultivation. A cultivation container in which the hydroponic cultivation body according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 is provided, and a container lid having a side wall surrounding the hydroponic cultivation body at an interval from an outer peripheral surface of the cultivation cultivation body. And hydroponic cultivation equipment. 8. A hydroponic cultivation apparatus, wherein a cloth or a sheet having a capillary water absorbing function is lined on an inner peripheral surface of a container lid of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 7. The vent of the nutrient solution on the bottom surface of the hydroponic cultivation body according to claim 5, having a plant implantation hole on the top surface, inserting a plant into the implantation hole and placing the plant on the top of the hydroponic culture substrate. A hydroponic cultivation apparatus, wherein the lower part of the hydroponic cultivation body is immersed in a nutrient solution to cultivate the plant in a high humidity state and water absorption by a capillary tube.

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