JP4052792B2 - Potato salad manufacturing method - Google Patents

Potato salad manufacturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4052792B2
JP4052792B2 JP2000362582A JP2000362582A JP4052792B2 JP 4052792 B2 JP4052792 B2 JP 4052792B2 JP 2000362582 A JP2000362582 A JP 2000362582A JP 2000362582 A JP2000362582 A JP 2000362582A JP 4052792 B2 JP4052792 B2 JP 4052792B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
potato
potato salad
mayonnaise
cooled
texture
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2002119261A (en
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信之 高山
幹夫 妹尾
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QP Corp
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QP Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、業務用のポテトサラダの製造方法において、優れた食味、食感及び外観を有したポテトサラダの製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ポテトサラダは、数あるサラダの種類の中で最もポピュラーなものの一つである。またスーパーマーケット、コンビニエンスストアーの他にもファミリーレストラン、ファーストフード店、持ち帰り弁当店等の外食産業の目覚しい発展に伴い、その販売数量が増えている。このような業務用のポテトサラダは、家庭で作る場合と異なり惣菜加工メーカーで一度に多量に製造される。その製造方法は、例えば、特開昭58−63360号公報、特開平5−76321号公報、特開平5−328948号公報に開示されているように、通常、蒸煮し破砕したじゃがいもを10〜15℃に冷却し、これに予め準備していた具材とマヨネーズを加えて和えている。
【0003】
しかしながら、家庭で作る手作りのポテトサラダは、じゃがいもとマヨネーズとが一体となったバランスの良い食味と食感を有するのに対し、従来の業務用のポテトサラダは、蒸したじゃがいも本来の風味が失われ、食味もじゃがいもとマヨネーズとがバラバラに感じられ、またモソモソとした食感を有し、手作りのポテトサラダに較べ、食味・食感が劣るという問題があった。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで本発明の目的は、優れた食味、食感及び外観を有したポテトサラダの製造方法を提供することである。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記の目的を達成すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、本発明を完成するに至った。すなわち、本発明は、(1) 蒸煮し破砕したじゃがいもを30℃〜55℃に冷却し、これに具材とマヨネーズを加えて和えた後、45分以内に15℃以下に急冷するポテトサラダの製造方法、(2) 蒸煮し破砕したじゃがいもの少なくとも20%以上が10〜40mmの大きさの塊状物である(1)のポテトサラダの製造方法、を提供することである。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下本発明を説明する。なお、本発明において「%」は「質量%」、「部」は「質量部」を意味する。
本発明において、原料としては蒸煮したじゃがいも、ポテトサラダ用の具材、及びマヨネーズ、さらに必要に応じてその他の各種調味料や静菌剤等を使用する。ここで蒸煮したじゃがいもとは、洗浄したじゃがいもを、皮付きのまま蒸煮し、熱いうちに皮を剥いたもの、あるいは皮を剥き、必要に応じ適当な大きさにカットした後、蒸煮したものである。蒸煮の程度としては、具体的には、例えば、蒸煮機で30〜90分間蒸煮し、品温が80〜100℃程度となるようにするとよい。また、カットしたじゃがいもを蒸煮する場合、その大きさは、ホールのじゃがいもの大きさによるが、例えば、ダイスカットで、2cm程度以上が好ましい。これより小さくカットとすると、蒸煮時間は短縮されるものの、じゃがいもの旨味が流出し美味しいポテトサラダが得られ難く、また次工程へ移す過程で崩れる等、作業性及び生産性へ影響するばかりか、手作りに近い外観を有したポテトサラダが得られず好ましくない。
【0007】
次に蒸煮したじゃがいもを破砕する。破砕する方法としては、任意の方法を用いることができるが、例えば、蒸煮したじゃがいもを目開き10〜30mm程度のメッシュに押圧し破砕するとよい。破砕したじゃがいもは、10〜40mmの大きさの塊状物が少なくとも20%以上が好ましく、30%以上がさらに好ましい。塊状物が20%より少なかったり、あるいは10mmより小さいと、例えば、その後のマヨネーズと和える過程で塊状物が破砕され、塊状物を有した手作りに近い食感と外観を有したポテトサラダが得られ難く好ましくない。一方40mmより大きいと、じゃがいもとマヨネーズとが一体となったバランスの良い食味と食感を有したポテトサラダが得られ難く好ましくない。ここで10〜40mmの大きさの塊状物とは、塊状物の一番大きい幅の部分が10〜40mmであることを意味する。なお、カット後、蒸煮したじゃがいもにおいては、その大きさが10〜40mm程度の場合は、破砕工程を省略してもよく、本発明の「蒸煮し破砕したじゃがいも」に含まれる。
【0008】
蒸煮し破砕したじゃがいもを本発明では、30〜55℃に冷却するが、冷却する前にマヨネーズ様食品以外の調味液で下味を付けると食味に優れたポテトサラダが得られ好ましい。ここで調味液とは、ポテトサラダの風味を損なうものでなければ、特に制限はなく、例えば、食塩水、食酢、糖液、ブイヨン、アミノ酸溶液等の1種又は2種以上の混合調味液、さらに食用油脂を含有させた調味液が挙げられる。特に、食用油脂を含有させた調味液は、蒸煮したじゃがいもの風味が保持され好ましい。また必要に応じ調味液に、グリシン、酢酸ナトリウム、卵白リゾチーム、プロタミン、ポリリジン等の静菌剤を含有させても良い。調味液の添加量は、蒸煮し破砕したじゃがいも100部に対し、1〜20部が好ましい。1部より少ないとじゃがいも全体に均一に添加することが難しく、一方、20部より多いとポテトサラダとしての食味のバランスが崩れ好ましくない。
【0009】
本発明は、上述の蒸煮し破砕したじゃがいも、あるいはさらに調味液で下味を付けたものを30〜55℃、好ましくは35〜52℃の品温に冷却する。従来のポテトサラダのように品温を30℃より低くなるまで冷却すると、じゃがいもとマヨネーズとがバラバラの食味を呈し、また食感もモソモソして好ましくない。一方、品温が55℃より高いと、マヨネーズと和える過程で、マヨネーズによっては熱により乳化が壊れ分離したり、またじゃがいもの塊状物が崩れ練ったような状態となり好ましくない。なお、冷却方法としては、本発明の効果を損なうものでなければ、特に制限はなく、例えば、冷蔵庫、真空冷却機、送風機、吸引機等で冷却すると良い。
【0010】
次に、具材とマヨネーズを加えて和える。ここでマヨネーズとは、通常マヨネーズと称されるものは勿論のこと、サラダドレッシングと称されるものも含まれる。具材とは、ポテトサラダに用いられているものであれば、特に制限はなく、例えば、にんじん、きゅうり、玉ねぎ、コーン、ハム、コンビーフ、ツナ肉、キクラゲ等が挙げられる。また配合割合は、従来のポテトサラダと同程度であり、具体的には、40〜80部の蒸煮したじゃがいも、あるいはさらに調味料で下味を付けたもの、10〜30部の具材、10〜30部のマヨネーズとすると良い。
【0011】
マヨネーズと和えた後、本発明は、15℃以下に急冷する。ここで急冷とは、マヨネーズと和えた後のものをその品温が45分以内に15℃以下に冷却されることを意味し、例えば、真空冷却機等で冷却すると良い。後述の試験例に示すとおり急冷で行なうと、優れた食感と外観を有し、細菌的にも問題ないポテトサラダ得られるのに対し、緩慢冷却で行なうと、離水を生じたり、きゅうり等の具材が変色したり、食感が悪くなり好ましくない。また細菌的にも菌数が増えやすく好ましくない。
【0012】
以上の方法により製されたポテトサラダは、ポリ袋やトレイ容器等の容器に充填し、業務用のポテトサラダとして供給される。さらに、容器に充填したものを常法に準じて、例えば、60〜100℃の熱水等で約30〜90分間殺菌すれば長期保存が可能なポテトサラダが得られる。
【0013】
次に、本発明を実施例及び試験例に基づき、さらに詳細に説明する。なお、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
【0014】
【実施例】
[実施例1]
皮を剥き芽取り済みのじゃがいも100kgを100℃で60分間蒸煮した。この蒸煮したじゃがいもを目開き20mmのメッシュに押圧して破砕し、10〜40mmの塊状物が約50%含有したものが得られた。この蒸煮し破砕したじゃがいも60kgをミキサーに移し、塊状物が崩れない速度でゆっくり撹拌させながら下記の配合割合の調味液3kgを全体に添加し均一とした。これを70cm(たて)×50cm(よこ)×15cm(高さ)のステンレス製のバットに高さ10cm程度となるように充填し、冷蔵庫(4℃)内に移し、品温が45℃となるまで冷却した。次に、この冷却した61kgをミキサーに移し、撹拌させながら市販のマヨネーズ(キユーピー(株)製)20kg、水煮した1cm大のいちょう切りのにんじん7kg、薄切りの玉ねぎ5kg及び軽く塩もみした輪切りのきゅうり7kgを順次添加してほぼ均一となるまで和えた。これを70cm(たて)×50cm(よこ)×15cm(高さ)のステンレス製の各バットに高さ10cm程度となるように充填後、真空冷却機に移し、直ちに15℃まで急冷した。得られたポテトサラダをポリ袋に4kgずつ充填し密封した。なお、急冷に要した時間は約30分であった。
【0015】

Figure 0004052792
【0016】
[比較例1]
実施例1において、マヨネーズと和えた後の冷却を真空冷却機に変えて冷蔵庫(4℃)で緩慢冷却した以外は、同様な方法でポテトサラダを製造した。
なお、冷却に要した時間は1.5時間であった。
【0017】
【試験例】
[試験例1]
マヨネーズと和える前の品温の影響を調べるために、実施例1において表1に示す品温となるように冷却した以外は実施例1と同様な方法でポテトサラダを製した。得られた各ポテトサラダを喫食し、食味及び食感を評価した。また、目視にて外観を評価した。
なお、表1の品温15℃に冷却したものは、冷却に時間を要するため真空冷却機で冷却し、マヨネーズ及び具材も15℃程度に冷却したものを用い、和えた後は特に冷却を施さなかった。
【0018】
【表1】
Figure 0004052792
【0019】
表中の記号は下記のとおりである。
◎:食味・食感・外観とも良好。
○:食味・食感・外観ともほぼ良好。
△:食味・食感・外観のいずれか1項目が劣る。
×:食味・食感・外観の2項目以上が劣る。
【0020】
表1より、マヨネーズと和える前の品温を30〜55℃の範囲に冷却しないと、食味、食感及び外観に優れたポテトサラダが得られ難いことが理解される。特に、品温を35〜52℃の範囲に冷却したものは好ましかった。
【0021】
[試験例2]
マヨネーズと和えた後の冷却速度の影響を調べるために、実施例1及び比較例1で得られた各ポテトサラダを喫食し、食味・食感、及び目視にて外観を評価した。また、下記の方法により、細菌試験を行なった。
【0022】
[細菌試験]
実施例1及び比較例1で得られた各ポテトサラダを30℃で2時間放置し、一般生菌数を常法により測定した。
【0023】
【表2】
Figure 0004052792
【0024】
表2より、マヨネーズと和えた後、急冷したほうが、食味、食感及び外観とも良好で、しかも細菌的に菌数が少ないポテトサラダが得られることが理解される。
【0025】
[試験例3]
じゃがいもの塊状物(10〜40mmの大きさ)の量の違いによる影響を調べるために、実施例1において10〜40mmの大きさの塊状物が表3に量となるように10mm以上の塊状物をさらに破砕した以外は実施例1と同様な方法でポテトサラダを製した。得られた各ポテトサラダを喫食し、食感を評価した。また、目視にて外観を評価した。
【0026】
【表3】
Figure 0004052792
【0027】
表3より、10〜40mmのじゃがいもの塊状物を少なくとも20%以上、より好ましくは30%以上としたほうが、手作りに近い食感及び外観のものが得られ好ましいことが理解される。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明の製造方法により得られたポテトサラダは、工業的規模で製造したにもかかわらず、手作りに近い優れた食味、食感及び外観を有していることから、業務用のポテトサラダとして更なる拡大が期待される。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a potato salad having excellent taste, texture and appearance in a method for producing commercial potato salad.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Potato salad is one of the most popular salad types. In addition to supermarkets and convenience stores, the sales volume has increased with the remarkable development of the restaurant industry such as family restaurants, fast food stores and take-out lunch stores. Such potato salad for business use is produced in large quantities at once by a side dish processing maker, unlike the case of making it at home. For example, as disclosed in JP-A-58-63360, JP-A-5-76321, and JP-A-5-328948, the potatoes that have been cooked and crushed are usually 10-15. It is cooled to ℃ and mixed with ingredients and mayonnaise prepared in advance.
[0003]
However, homemade potato salad made at home has a well-balanced taste and texture combined with potatoes and mayonnaise, whereas traditional commercial potato salad loses the original flavor of steamed potatoes However, the taste of potatoes and mayonnaise was different, and it had a harsh texture, which was inferior to the handmade potato salad.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Then, the objective of this invention is providing the manufacturing method of the potato salad which had the outstanding taste, food texture, and external appearance.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention is as follows: (1) A steamed and crushed potato is cooled to 30 ° C. to 55 ° C., mixed with ingredients and mayonnaise, and then rapidly cooled to 15 ° C. or less within 45 minutes . (2) A method for producing a potato salad according to (1), in which at least 20% of the steamed and crushed potato is a lump having a size of 10 to 40 mm.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described below. In the present invention, “%” means “mass%” and “part” means “part by mass”.
In the present invention, steamed potatoes, ingredients for potato salad, mayonnaise, and other various seasonings, bacteriostatic agents, etc. are used as necessary. The potatoes cooked here are steamed potatoes that have been peeled off and peeled while hot, or peeled, cut into an appropriate size as needed, and then cooked. is there. Specifically, the degree of steaming may be, for example, steaming with a steamer for 30 to 90 minutes so that the product temperature is about 80 to 100 ° C. In addition, when steaming the cut potato, the size depends on the size of the potato in the hole, but for example, it is preferably about 2 cm or more by die cutting. If it is cut smaller than this, although the cooking time will be shortened, the potato flavor will flow out and it will be difficult to obtain a delicious potato salad, and it will be broken in the process of moving to the next process, which will affect workability and productivity, A potato salad having an appearance close to homemade is not obtained, which is not preferable.
[0007]
Next, crush the steamed potatoes. As a method of crushing, any method can be used. For example, steamed potatoes may be pressed against a mesh having an opening of about 10 to 30 mm and crushed. The crushed potato is preferably at least 20% or more, more preferably 30% or more of a lump having a size of 10 to 40 mm. If the mass is less than 20% or smaller than 10 mm, for example, the mass is crushed in the process of being mixed with mayonnaise, and a potato salad having a texture and appearance close to homemade with the mass is obtained. It is difficult and undesirable. On the other hand, if it is larger than 40 mm, it is difficult to obtain a potato salad having a well-balanced taste and texture in which potato and mayonnaise are integrated. Here, the lump having a size of 10 to 40 mm means that the largest width portion of the lump is 10 to 40 mm. In addition, in the case where the size of the potato cooked after cutting is about 10 to 40 mm, the crushing step may be omitted, and is included in the “boiled and crushed potato” of the present invention.
[0008]
In the present invention, steamed and crushed potatoes are cooled to 30 to 55 ° C., but if they are seasoned with a seasoning liquid other than mayonnaise-like food before cooling, a potato salad with excellent taste is obtained. Here, the seasoning liquid is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the flavor of the potato salad. For example, one or two or more mixed seasonings such as saline, vinegar, sugar liquid, bouillon, amino acid solution, Furthermore, the seasoning liquid which contained edible fats and oils is mentioned. In particular, a seasoning liquid containing edible fats and oils is preferable because it maintains the flavor of steamed potato. If necessary, the seasoning liquid may contain a bacteriostatic agent such as glycine, sodium acetate, egg white lysozyme, protamine, or polylysine. The addition amount of the seasoning liquid is preferably 1 to 20 parts with respect to 100 parts of steamed and crushed potatoes. If it is less than 1 part, it is difficult to uniformly add to the whole potato, while if it exceeds 20 parts, the balance of the taste as a potato salad is lost, which is not preferable.
[0009]
In the present invention, the above-described steamed and crushed potatoes or further seasoned with a seasoning liquid is cooled to a product temperature of 30 to 55 ° C, preferably 35 to 52 ° C. If the product temperature is cooled to below 30 ° C. as in a conventional potato salad, the potatoes and mayonnaise will have a disjointed taste, and the texture is also unfavorable. On the other hand, when the product temperature is higher than 55 ° C., it is not preferable that the mayonnaise breaks and separates the emulsification due to heat, or the potato lump is broken and kneaded, depending on the mayonnaise. The cooling method is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention. For example, the cooling method may be performed by a refrigerator, a vacuum cooler, a blower, a suction machine, or the like.
[0010]
Next, add ingredients and mayonnaise and mix. Here, the mayonnaise includes not only what is usually called mayonnaise but also what is called salad dressing. The ingredients are not particularly limited as long as they are used in potato salad, and examples thereof include carrots, cucumbers, onions, corn, ham, corned beef, tuna meat, and jellyfish. The blending ratio is the same as that of the conventional potato salad. Specifically, 40-80 parts of cooked potato, or further seasoned with seasoning, 10-30 parts of ingredients, 30 mayonnaise.
[0011]
After blending with mayonnaise, the present invention is rapidly cooled to below 15 ° C. Here, rapid cooling means that the product after being mixed with mayonnaise is cooled to 15 ° C. or less within 45 minutes, and for example, it may be cooled with a vacuum cooler or the like. As shown in the test examples to be described later, potato salad with excellent texture and appearance and no problem with bacteria can be obtained when it is cooled rapidly, but when it is slowly cooled, it causes water separation, cucumber, etc. The ingredients are discolored and the texture is unfavorable. Also, the number of bacteria tends to increase in terms of bacteria, which is not preferable.
[0012]
The potato salad produced by the above method is filled in a container such as a plastic bag or a tray container and supplied as a potato salad for business use. Furthermore, according to a conventional method, a potato salad that can be stored for a long period of time can be obtained by sterilizing the container filled with hot water at 60 to 100 ° C. for about 30 to 90 minutes.
[0013]
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples and test examples. The present invention is not limited to these.
[0014]
【Example】
[Example 1]
100 kg of potatoes with peeled buds were steamed at 100 ° C. for 60 minutes. This cooked potato was pressed and crushed into a mesh with a mesh size of 20 mm, and a product containing about 50% of a lump of 10 to 40 mm was obtained. 60 kg of this steamed and crushed potato was transferred to a mixer, and 3 kg of seasoning liquid with the following blending ratio was added to the whole while stirring slowly at a speed at which the mass did not collapse. This is filled into a stainless steel bat measuring 70 cm (length) x 50 cm (width) x 15 cm (height) to a height of about 10 cm, transferred to a refrigerator (4 ° C), and the product temperature is 45 ° C. Cooled until Next, 61 kg of this cooled 61 kg was transferred to a mixer and stirred while stirring 20 kg of commercially available mayonnaise (manufactured by QP Corporation), boiled 1 cm large chopped carrot 7 kg, thinly sliced onion 5 kg, and lightly salted cucumber 7 kg was added in order and tempered until almost uniform. This was filled into 70 cm (vertical) × 50 cm (horizontal) × 15 cm (height) stainless steel bats to a height of about 10 cm, transferred to a vacuum cooler, and immediately cooled to 15 ° C. immediately. The obtained potato salad was filled into 4 kg plastic bags and sealed. The time required for rapid cooling was about 30 minutes.
[0015]
Figure 0004052792
[0016]
[Comparative Example 1]
In Example 1, potato salad was produced in the same manner except that the cooling after mixing with mayonnaise was changed to a vacuum cooler and slowly cooled in a refrigerator (4 ° C.).
The time required for cooling was 1.5 hours.
[0017]
[Test example]
[Test Example 1]
In order to examine the influence of the product temperature before being mixed with mayonnaise, a potato salad was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the product temperature was cooled to the product temperature shown in Table 1 in Example 1. Each potato salad obtained was eaten, and the taste and texture were evaluated. Moreover, the external appearance was evaluated visually.
In addition, the product cooled to 15 ° C in Table 1 takes time to cool, so it was cooled with a vacuum cooler, and mayonnaise and ingredients were also cooled to about 15 ° C. Not given.
[0018]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004052792
[0019]
The symbols in the table are as follows.
A: Good taste, texture and appearance.
○: Almost good taste, texture and appearance.
Δ: Any one of the taste, texture, and appearance is inferior.
X: Two or more items of taste, texture, and appearance are inferior.
[0020]
From Table 1, it is understood that it is difficult to obtain a potato salad excellent in taste, texture and appearance unless the product temperature before being mixed with mayonnaise is cooled to a range of 30 to 55 ° C. In particular, a product whose product temperature was cooled to a range of 35 to 52 ° C. was preferable.
[0021]
[Test Example 2]
In order to investigate the influence of the cooling rate after blending with mayonnaise, each potato salad obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was eaten, and the appearance was evaluated by taste, texture, and visual observation. In addition, a bacterial test was performed by the following method.
[0022]
[Bacteria test]
Each potato salad obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was allowed to stand at 30 ° C. for 2 hours, and the number of viable bacteria was measured by a conventional method.
[0023]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004052792
[0024]
From Table 2, it is understood that a potato salad having a good taste, texture and appearance and having a low bacterial count can be obtained by quick cooling after being mixed with mayonnaise.
[0025]
[Test Example 3]
In order to examine the effect of the difference in the amount of potato lumps (size of 10 to 40 mm), the lumps of size 10 to 40 mm in Example 1 were sized in Table 3 so that the lumps having the size of 10 to 40 mm became the amounts in Table 3. A potato salad was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that was further crushed. Each potato salad obtained was eaten and the texture was evaluated. Moreover, the external appearance was evaluated visually.
[0026]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004052792
[0027]
From Table 3, it is understood that it is preferable that the mass of potatoes of 10 to 40 mm is at least 20% or more, more preferably 30% or more because a texture and appearance close to handmade are obtained.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the potato salad obtained by the production method of the present invention has excellent taste, texture and appearance close to handmade, despite being produced on an industrial scale, Further expansion is expected as a potato salad.

Claims (2)

蒸煮し破砕したじゃがいもを30℃〜55℃に冷却し、これに具材とマヨネーズを加えて和えた後、45分以内に15℃以下に急冷することを特徴とするポテトサラダの製造方法。A method for producing a potato salad characterized by cooling steamed and crushed potatoes to 30 ° C to 55 ° C, adding ingredients and mayonnaise to the potatoes and then quenching them within 15 minutes . 蒸煮し破砕したじゃがいもの少なくとも20%以上が10〜40mmの大きさの塊状物であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のポテトサラダの製造方法。  The method for producing a potato salad according to claim 1, wherein at least 20% of the steamed and crushed potato is a lump having a size of 10 to 40 mm.
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