JP4050708B2 - Elevator emergency stop device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an emergency stop device for an elevator equipped with a function for automatically stopping a transporter when a braking force is applied to the elevator transporter and an abnormal speed is reached when the elevator is moved up and down.

  Conventionally, in an elevator apparatus, particularly a rack and pinion drive type elevator, when the lifting speed of the transporter exceeds a set value, a braking force is applied by detecting the speed, so that an unexpected accident can be prevented in advance. An emergency stop device is provided in the carrier. As this emergency stop device, for example, a large number of friction braking plates are arranged, and each braking plate and a plurality of claw wheels provided with claws on the peripheral surface are alternately arranged and pinched on one axis, When the operation claw is engaged with the claw, the rotation of the claw wheel is prevented and a braking force is generated between the friction braking plate and the claw wheel, and the rotation of the rotating shaft is stopped by stopping the rotation of the friction braking plate. The multi-plate brake type is configured such that the pinion attached to the rotating shaft stops meshing with the rack to stop the lifting and lowering of the transporter, and the operation claw is meshed with the claw wheel by centrifugal force when the set speed is exceeded. An emergency stop device is known from US Pat.

  Patent Document 2 discloses an emergency stop device of a type in which a taper cone type braking wheel is actuated to apply a braking force to a pinion shaft when a speed higher than a set speed is detected by centrifugal force.

Japanese Patent No. 2720073 U.S. Pat. No. 3,415,343

  However, in the emergency stop device known from Patent Document 1 described above, the brake torque is constant with respect to the set rotational speed at the time of emergency stop because of its configuration. For example, the purpose is achieved under conditions exceeding the set value. Can not do it. In the opposite case, there is a problem that an excessive setting is not preferable. Therefore, when the use conditions are specified and the conditions are different, it is necessary to design and manufacture a product having a capacity suitable for each case, which is expensive. Further, in order to easily confirm the operating state, it is necessary to operate directly, and there is a problem that it is difficult to confirm easily because it involves danger.

In addition, since the emergency stop device known from Patent Document 2 is a taper type brake, a large braking surface is required to secure a braking force, and the use conditions are specified in the same manner as described above. When conditions differ, it is necessary to prepare an apparatus having a capacity corresponding to the conditions, and it is inevitable that the apparatus becomes expensive.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve such problems, and it is possible to make the braking conditions variable by adjusting the braking conditions from the outside. The object is to provide a stop device.

In order to achieve the above object, an emergency stop device for an elevator according to the present invention comprises:
A plurality of friction braking plates are arranged on the rotating shaft, and a claw wheel having a claw portion on the peripheral surface is provided between the friction braking plates so as to be sandwiched between coaxial axes, and exceeds the set speed by the speed detection means. In the emergency stop device of the elevator configured to stop the rotation of the claw wheel by the braking operation means when the state is detected and brake and stop the rotation shaft by the braking function by the friction brake plate and the claw wheel,
The speed detection means comprises an encoder attached to the rotary shaft to obtain a speed detection signal of the rotary shaft,
The braking operation means has a rotatable support shaft arranged in parallel to the rotation shaft, an operation claw fixed on the support shaft, and an axis centered in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the support shaft. An electromagnetic actuator having an operating shaft, a link mechanism that connects the support shaft and the operating shaft, and an elastic member that holds the claw portion of the ratchet wheel and the operation claw in a disengaged state,
When the electromagnetic actuator is actuated by a speed detection signal from the encoder, the support shaft is rotated via the link mechanism so that the operation claw is engaged with the claw portion of the claw wheel and the rotation shaft is moved. It is configured to stop braking (first invention).

In the present invention, the controller for comparison operation speed detection signal detected with a preset set speed is provided by an encoder, preferably the electromagnetic actuator is actuated by a command signal from the controller (the 2 invention).

In the first invention, a casing made of a peripheral wall covering the periphery of the rotary shaft and the side plate portion opposed at a distance in the axial direction of the rotating shaft, a support shaft which is rotatably supported in the casing A through hole formed in the peripheral wall portion of the casing facing the peripheral surface of the support shaft, an operation claw housed in the through hole and pivotally attached to the support shaft, and the operation claw tilting. and an operation piece that operates preferably Ru provided with limit switches for supported power shutdown that the peripheral wall of the casing (third aspect).

Further, in the second invention, wherein the encoder is provided two, the corrected by comparing the speed detection signal thereof two encoders by the controller, is to emit a proper braking command signal It is not good (a fourth aspect of the invention).

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, an encoder is attached to the rotating shaft as speed detecting means so that the rotating speed input to the emergency stop device can be directly detected by the rotating shaft, and the speed detection signal is transmitted to the controller. Since the braking operation means is operated by the control, it is possible to cope with the change of the rotation speed by changing the operation condition of the encoder. Therefore, it is possible to cope with cases where the lifting / lowering speed of the transporter is different, and there is an effect that one model can cope with a plurality of specifications.

Further, since the axis of the operating shaft of the electromagnetic actuator constituting the braking operation means is arranged in a direction orthogonal to the axis of the support shaft arranged in parallel with the rotating shaft, the electromagnetic actuator is provided. In the emergency stop device, the dimension in the axial direction of the rotating shaft can be prevented from becoming long. Therefore, the apparatus can be reduced in size as compared with the emergency stop device incorporating the governor known from Patent Document 1. In addition, the number of parts can be reduced to reduce assembly man-hours and improve productivity.

Further, according to the second invention, the speed detection signal detected by the encoder on the rotating shaft is compared with the set speed by the controller to calculate the emergency braking, and when the set value is exceeded, the electromagnetic actuator is operated to Since the operation of engaging the operation claws with the vehicle is performed, the controller can arbitrarily set the braking condition, and has the advantage that the setting condition can be variably adjusted from the outside.

Further, according to the third aspect of the invention, there is an advantage that the thickness can be reduced by arranging the limit switch on the peripheral wall portion of the casing and shortening the axial direction of the rotating shaft.

Furthermore, according to the fourth invention, since two encoders are used to compare speed signals obtained from them and an accurate speed can be determined, there is an effect that malfunction due to micro vibrations can be prevented.

  Next, a specific embodiment of an emergency stop device for an elevator according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a side view (a) and a front view (b) showing an embodiment of a construction elevator provided with an emergency stop device for an elevator according to this embodiment. FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of an emergency stop device. 2 is a right side view of FIG. 2, FIG. 4 is a view taken along line AA of FIG. 2, and FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the operation pawl of the braking operation means and the pawl wheel of the braking mechanism. (B) showing the braking operation mechanism is shown.

  The construction elevator 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a guide rail 4 and a rack 5 provided along the side of a steel tower 3 that is supported and supported by a plurality of support fittings 2 on a housing of a building (not shown). A carrier 6 is provided on the rail 4 so as to be lifted and lowered. The transporter 6 is equipped with a motor 7 for driving up and down, and the gear on the output shaft driven by the motor 7 is engaged with the rack 5 attached to the steel tower 3 side so as to move up and down. Further, in order to guide and support the transporter 6 on the two guide rails 4 and 4 on the side of the steel tower 3 (in the steel tower of this embodiment, the vertical member also serves as a guide rail), the transporter 6 is vertically positioned on both sides of the transporter frame 6a. A guide roller 6b supported by a bracket attached to the guide rail 6 is brought into contact with and engaged with the guide rails 4 and 4, respectively, so as to be movable up and down. An emergency stop device 10 is attached to the transporter 6 thus configured at an appropriate position.

  The emergency stop device 10 attached to the transporter 6 configured as described above includes a brake mechanism 15 described later provided with a mounting seat attached to the transporter frame 6a, its operation pawl 18, the brake operation means 30, and the speed detection means 35. Braking composed of a casing 11 to be accommodated, a plurality of friction brake plates 16 supported on bearings 12, 12 ′ provided on the casing 11, and arranged on a rotatable rotating shaft 13 and a plurality of ratchet wheels 17. Attached to the mechanism 15, a support shaft 19 provided with an operation claw 18 that engages with the claw wheel 17 of the braking mechanism 15 during a braking operation, a braking operation means 30 that operates the support shaft 19, and the rotary shaft 13. It is comprised with the speed detection means 35 which detects a rotational speed.

The casing 11 includes a braking mechanism accommodating portion 11A that accommodates the braking mechanism 15 and an operating claw 18 that directly operates the braking operation, and an operating mechanism accommodating portion that accommodates the speed detecting means 35 and the operating portion of the braking operating means 30. 11B is constituted by a main body 11a divided by a partition wall 11c, a cover 11b that covers the opening surfaces of both the accommodating portions 11A and 11B from the axial direction, and is fastened by a bolt 11f and a cover 11d that is fastened by a bolt 11g. A mounting seat is formed on the opening side of the braking mechanism accommodating portion 11A of the main body 11a. In addition, the portion located on the upper side when the main body 11a is attached is opened , a through hole is formed in the peripheral wall portion of the casing 11 facing the peripheral surface of the support shaft 19, and the operation claw 18 is accommodated in the through hole, A limit switch mounting portion is positioned above the operation claw 18. The periphery of the main body 11a corresponds to the peripheral wall portion of the casing in the present invention (Claim 3 ), and the cover 11b and the partition wall 11c correspond to the side plate portion.

  The braking mechanism 15 is rotatable through the center of the casing 11 by rolling bearings 12 and 12 ′ arranged in boss portions provided in the main body partition wall portion 11 c of the casing 11 and the cover 11 b of the main body 11 a. The rotating shaft 13 to be supported, a plurality of (three in the embodiment) friction braking plates 16 supported so as to be slidable in the axial direction on the rotating shaft 13, and the friction braking plates 16 are disposed. The pawl wheel 17 is rotatable. The friction brake plate 16 is a face plate having a required diameter, and an annular brake liner 16a having a required width is attached to the opposite face in the radial direction near the outer periphery. On the other hand, the claw wheel 17 is equally divided on the outer periphery to form a plurality of claw portions 17a, the inner diameter is rotatably fitted by the boss portion of the friction brake plate 16 and is supported by a coaxial core, and in a normal state. Both side surfaces are sandwiched between brake liners 16a of the friction brake plate 16. The braking mechanism 15 configured in this way is held at a fixed position by the spacer ring 22 on one end side on the rotating shaft 13 and the brake liner 16a is always connected to the claw wheel 17 by the disc spring 14 on the other end side. It is urged to make strong contact with the side of the.

  The friction braking plate 16 in the braking mechanism 15 is slidable only in the axial direction by engaging a hole 16 b with a spline 13 a formed in the intermediate portion of the rotating shaft 13, and formed on the outer periphery of the ratchet wheel 17. The claw portion 17a is configured so that the adjacent claw portions 17a and 17a are widened so that the operation claw 18 can be engaged in both forward and reverse rotation directions. And the nail | claw position of the some pinion wheel 17 to interpose is shifted | deviated a little in the circumferential direction.

The braking operation means 30 includes an operation claw 18 fixed so as to correspond to the claw wheel 17 of the braking mechanism 15 on a support shaft 19 disposed in parallel with the rotation shaft 13, and a support shaft in an emergency. An electromagnetic actuator 25 for rotating the electromagnetic actuator 25, a link plate (corresponding to the link mechanism in the present invention) 26 connecting the electromagnetic actuator 25 and the support shaft 19, and an elastic member for returning the electromagnetic actuator 25 . ing.

  A support shaft 19 to which the operation claw 18 is attached is rotatably supported by bearings 20 and 20 at both ends of the casing body 11a in parallel with the rotation shaft 13. One end of the support shaft 19 protrudes toward the operation mechanism accommodating portion 11B side of the casing 11, and the base end of the link plate 26 is fixed to the end of the support shaft 19. The operation claw 18 is fixed to the support shaft 19 at a position corresponding to each of the claw wheels 17 described above, and is formed symmetrically with respect to the forward and reverse rotation of the claw wheel 17.

  As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5B, an electromagnetic actuator 25 is attached to the operation mechanism housing portion 11 </ b> B of the casing 11 along the wall surface in a lateral direction. A notch groove 25b in the axial direction into which the tip of the link plate 26 is inserted is formed. Further, a long hole extending in the longitudinal direction is formed in the distal end portion of the link plate 26. The electromagnetic actuator 25 and the link plate 26 are formed by inserting the distal end portion of the link plate 26 into the notch groove 25b of the operating shaft 25a of the electromagnetic actuator 25, and the length of the through hole and the link plate 26 provided in the operating shaft 25a. The pin 25c is inserted and connected to the hole. Retaining rings are locked to both ends of the pin 25c protruding from the operating shaft 25a so that the connection between the operating shaft 25a and the link plate 26 is not broken. Further, a coil spring 33 (corresponding to an elastic member in the present invention) is connected to the tip of the operating shaft 25a, and the other end of the operating shaft 25a is locked to a stud provided on the partition wall 11c side of the casing 11. The return force can be obtained.

  On the other hand, the speed detecting means 35 has a disk 27a of the encoder 27 attached to the tip of the rotating shaft 13 protruding from the operating mechanism accommodating portion 11B, and the rotation detecting portion 27b is formed with a number of slits formed around the disk 27a. So that the base end is fixed to the side surface of the partition wall 11c of the casing 11 by a bracket 27c. A lead wire 28 from the rotation detection unit 27b for detecting the rotation speed by the disk 27a and from the electromagnetic actuator 25 is connected to a terminal 29 provided at the upper part of the casing 11, and a controller (not shown) provided separately on the machine body side. And are connected via the terminal 29.

  Further, a limit switch 32 is disposed at a lower position of the attachment portion of the terminal 29, and the operation piece 32a is actuated by the tilting of the operation claw 18 so that the limit switch 32 is turned on. . When the limit switch 32 is turned on, the power to the drive motor of the transporter 6 is cut off.

  The emergency stop device 10 of this embodiment configured as described above is attached to the carrier frame 6a by the mounting seat of the casing 11, and a pinion (not shown) attached to the end of the rotary shaft 13 is attached to the rack 5 with a steel tower. Used to bite into. During normal operation, the friction braking plate 16 and the claw wheel 17 on the rotary shaft 13 rotate together to exhibit an idle state, and follow the lifting operation of the transporter 6.

  When the encoder 27 directly connected to the rotary shaft 13 detects a speed that is equal to or higher than the set speed in an abnormal operation state, the speed detection signal of the rotation detection unit 27b is sent to the controller and the preset set speed is set. When it is determined by the comparison calculation that the speed exceeds the set speed, a command signal is transmitted to the electromagnetic actuator 25, the operating shaft 25a is operated to rotate the link plate 26 to be connected, and the link plate 26 operates the operation claw 18. The support shaft 19 is rotated. Then, the operation claw 18 fixed to the support shaft 19 jumps between the claw portions 17a and 17a of the rotating claw wheel 17 so that the claw portion 17a and the operation claw 18 are engaged.

  When the rotation of the claw wheel 17 is prevented by the operation claw 18, the friction brake plate 16 and the claw wheel 17 that continue to rotate rotate in contact with the side surface of the claw wheel 17, and the brake liner 16 a on the friction brake plate 16 side. And the side surface of the claw wheel 17 are braked by contact friction, and the friction brake plate 16 is stopped. At the same time, since the operation piece 32a of the limit switch 32 is pushed down by the tilting of the operation claw 18, the energization to the motor of the drive unit is interrupted. Therefore, the transporter 6 can be stopped without an impact acting on the drive unit of the transporter 6.

  In the emergency stop device 10 for an elevator according to this embodiment, the lifting speed of the transporter 6 can be set by a controller (not shown). Therefore, if the speed is set in the controller, when the rotational speed detected by the encoder 27 exceeds the set value, the electromagnetic actuator 25 is immediately operated in the manner described above to rotate the operation pawl 18. By engaging with the brake mechanism 15 and stopping the rotation of the rotary shaft 13 to stop the rotation of the pinion attached to the rotary shaft 13 and meshing with the rack 5 on the tower 3 side, The descent due to the abnormality of the transporter 6 can be stopped. The moving inertia force of the carrier 6 at this time is gradually absorbed by the friction between the brake liner 16a of the friction brake plate 16 and the side surface of the ratchet wheel 17 by the brake mechanism 15, and can be braked and stopped.

  On the other hand, the emergency stop device 10 of the present embodiment has a configuration in which the braking speed is detected by the encoder 27 attached to the rotary shaft 13, so the setting of the detection speed by the encoder 27 is changed in the control unit (controller). Thus, the brake stop condition can be changed. Therefore, the braking speed can be set according to the capacity of the elevator and one model can be used by changing the setting within the range where there is no significant change in performance. It can be used for a wide range of models without manufacturing and using things.

  In the above description, a configuration has been described in which one encoder constituting the speed detecting means is arranged. However, two encoders can be provided as necessary. In this way, even if an error occurs in the rotation detection unit due to the slight vibration caused by the lifting / lowering operation of the transporter, it is possible to correct the two detection data by comparing them in the controller and obtain appropriate control data. it can. Also, two sets of control operation means can be arranged so that the operation claws are engaged with the claw portions at two positions with respect to the claw wheel. Thus, when providing two sets of control operation means, it is preferable to arrange | position the position of an operation nail | facing. The rotation detection unit of the encoder can adopt a magnetic method in addition to the optical type. When the magnetic type is adopted for the rotation detecting unit, it is possible to solve the problem that it becomes difficult to maintain the performance due to the abrasion powder and the like adhering to the lens in the optical type.

The side view (a) and front view (b) showing one embodiment of a construction elevator provided with the emergency stop device of the elevator of this embodiment Emergency stop device vertical section Right side view of FIG. A-A view of FIG. The figure (a) showing the relationship between the operation nail | claw of a brake operation means and the claw wheel of a brake mechanism, and the figure (b) showing a brake operation mechanism

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Elevator for construction 3 Steel tower 4 Guide rail 6 Carriage 7 Motor for raising / lowering drive 10 Emergency stop device 11 Casing 11A Brake mechanism accommodation part 11B Operation mechanism accommodation part 13 Rotating shaft 15 Brake mechanism 16 Friction brake plate 16a Brake liner 17 Claw wheel 18 Operation claw 19 Support claw support shaft 25 Electromagnetic actuator 27 Encoder 30 Control operation means 32 Limit switch 33 Coil spring 35 Speed detection means

Claims (4)

A plurality of friction braking plates are arranged on the rotating shaft, and a claw wheel having a claw portion on the peripheral surface is provided between the friction braking plates so as to be sandwiched between coaxial axes, and exceeds the set speed by the speed detection means. In the emergency stop device of the elevator configured to stop the rotation of the claw wheel by the braking operation means when the state is detected and brake and stop the rotation shaft by the braking function by the friction brake plate and the claw wheel,
The speed detection means comprises an encoder attached to the rotary shaft to obtain a speed detection signal of the rotary shaft,
The braking operation means has a rotatable support shaft arranged in parallel to the rotation shaft, an operation claw fixed on the support shaft, and an axis centered in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the support shaft. An electromagnetic actuator having an operating shaft, a link mechanism that connects the support shaft and the operating shaft, and an elastic member that holds the claw portion of the ratchet wheel and the operation claw in a disengaged state,
When the electromagnetic actuator is actuated by a speed detection signal from the encoder, the support shaft is rotated via the link mechanism so that the operation claw is engaged with the claw portion of the claw wheel and the rotation shaft is moved. An emergency stop device for an elevator which is configured to stop braking . Controller for comparison operation with a preset set speed and the speed detection signal is detected by the encoder is provided, emergency elevator according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic actuator is actuated by a command signal from the controller Stop device. The side plate portion opposed at a distance in the axial direction of the rotary shaft and a casing comprising a peripheral wall portion covering the periphery of the rotating shaft, a support shaft which is rotatably supported in the casing, the peripheral of the support shaft A through-hole drilled in the peripheral wall of the casing facing the surface, an operating claw accommodated in the through-hole and attached to the support shaft, and an operating piece that operates when the operating claw tilts. emergency stop device for an elevator according to 請 Motomeko 1 Ru provided with limit switches for power-off, which is supported on the peripheral wall of the casing by. The encoder is provided two is corrected by comparing the speed detection signal thereof two encoders in the controller, emergency elevator according to claim 2 which is to emit a proper braking command signal Stop device.

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