JP4044695B2 - Hydroponic cultivation panel and hydroponic cultivation apparatus using this panel - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation panel for vegetables, flowers and the like, and a hydroponic cultivation apparatus using the cultivation panel.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, the structure of the nutrient solution cultivating apparatus is, for example, a styrofoam containing a nutrient solution, containing a nutrient solution in a polyethylene container, and covering the upper end opening end of this container with a foamed polystyrene lid, This lid was a seedling sowing panel and a fixed planting panel. A large number of through holes are opened at close intervals on the surface of the lid, and the internal shape of the through holes is a small taper that expands upward on the seedling sowing panel. There is a water-absorbing non-woven fabric (for example, “Suikou Mate” trade name, manufactured by Sekisui Kasei Co., Ltd.) in this tapered through hole, and 2-5 sowing chips such as soft vegetables are put in this non-woven fabric. Therefore, the seedlings germinated from the sowing chips as the nutrient solution permeates the nonwoven fabric grows while absorbing nutrients from the nutrient solution. Then, after a predetermined seedling period, the plants were planted in the main field at predetermined intervals, and the harvested products were harvested after the predetermined period.
[0003]
As another conventional example, there is one in which a small through hole is formed in a water-absorbing urethane foam lid and seeded in the through hole to germinate.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in all the conventional cultivation methods, through holes are drilled at predetermined intervals in the lid body, and once this fixed planting interval is determined by this through hole, it is impossible to change this interval later. It is. Further, in the conventional example, a large number of small through holes are formed in the lid body at narrow intervals close to each other, and seedling is grown in the respective through holes, so that the seedlings grow in a densely planted state. Therefore, it is impossible to grow seedlings as they are until the seedlings have a predetermined size, and it has been a limit to extend the seedling period to a maximum of one week. Thus, since the planting is performed after a short seedling period, the period from planting to harvesting in the main field becomes longer, and the cultivation turnover rate cannot be increased.
[0005]
In addition, since the container and lid are made of foamed polystyrene, polyethylene, or urethane foam, they will not be usable in about 4 or 5 years, and many of these containers and lids are related to pollution problems in order to dispose of them. Costs. In addition, the surface of the lid has become wrinkled after several years of use, and this wrinkle tends to become a hotbed where pathogenic bacteria propagate, and disinfecting it requires a dichloric acid-based disinfectant, and the working environment for disinfection work Is bad.
[0006]
Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is simple cultivation and disposal, can prevent the generation of pathogenic bacteria, suppress the increase in the temperature of the nutrient solution, shorten the planting period in the main field and increase the cultivation turnover rate It is providing the hydroponic cultivation apparatus which uses a panel and this cultivation panel.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The characteristics of the hydroponic cultivation panel according to the present invention are composed of a mesh-shaped holding plate and a temperature rising / falling prevention sheet laminated on the mesh holding plate, and the temperature rising / falling prevention sheet is a length of synthetic resin. A non-woven fabric in which fiber filaments are bonded at high density, and has a light reflectance of 90% or more and a light absorption of 1% or less. In correspondence with the above, there are incisions at predetermined intervals.
[0008]
The 1st characteristic of the nutrient solution cultivation apparatus concerning this invention consists of a container which stored nutrient solution, a nutrient solution cultivation panel and a cultivation pot which have covered the opening end of this container, The above nutrient solution The cultivation panel is composed of a mesh-like holding plate and a sheet for preventing temperature rise / fall temperature laminated on the mesh-like holding plate, and the sheet for temperature rise / fall temperature prevention is a non-woven fabric in which long filament filaments of synthetic resin are joined at high density. The light reflectance is 90% or more and the light absorption rate is 1% or less, and the temperature rise / fall prevention sheet is cut at predetermined intervals corresponding to the gaps of the mesh-shaped holding plate. Yes, the cultivation pot is inserted through the cuts of the temperature rise / fall prevention sheet and is held by the mesh holding plate.
[0009]
The second feature of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present invention comprises a seedling cultivation apparatus and a fixed planting cultivation apparatus. The seedling cultivation apparatus includes a container for raising seedlings containing the nutrient solution, and an opening of the container for raising seedlings. It consists of a mesh-shaped seedling panel placed on the end and a cultivation pot that is inserted into the gap of the mesh-shaped seedling panel and supported by this panel. It consists of a certain planting container and a planting panel that covers the open end of the container for planting, and the planting panel is composed of a mesh-shaped holding plate and a heating / falling prevention sheet laminated on the mesh-shaped holding plate. The temperature rise / fall prevention sheet is a non-woven fabric in which long filament filaments of synthetic resin are bonded at a high density, and has a light reflectance of 90% or more and a light absorption rate of 1% or less. The above-mentioned sheet for preventing temperature drop Incisions are made at predetermined intervals corresponding to the gaps in the crushed holding plate, and this cultivation pot is inserted through the cutting of the temperature rise / fall prevention sheet and held by the mesh holding plate It is in.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The structure of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The cultivation apparatus includes a seedling cultivation apparatus and a fixed plant cultivation apparatus.
[0011]
Therefore, first, from the configuration of the seedling growing apparatus, as shown in FIG. 1, a predetermined amount of nutrient solution W is stored in the seedling raising container 4, and this seedling raising container is installed on the support base 5. The support base is supported in a horizontal state by a plurality of support legs 6... A seedling panel 7 made of a wire mesh shown in FIG. 2 is placed on the upper end opening of the seedling container 4 and is in a covered state. As shown in FIG. 2, the planar shape of the seedling-growing panel 7 is a lattice shape, and a rectangular gap 71 for inserting and holding a cultivation pot 8 described later is formed. And the cultivation pot 8 shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 4 is inserted in all the space | gap parts 71 of the seedling raising panel 7, and is supported by this seedling raising panel.
[0012]
Next, the structure of the cultivation pot 8 will be described with reference to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4. A pot body is formed from white polyethylene, and a medium is filled in the pot body. Bark is used. Other media include iron ore slag, basalt, and diorite that are melted at high temperatures to form fibers, which are processed into mats, pots, chips, and polyester fibers as mats and pots. Molded products can also be used.
[0013]
As shown in FIG. 3, the front shape of the cultivation pot 8 is formed with an edge portion 81 having a predetermined width that extends upward, and the lower portion of the edge portion is a tapered shape that is generally reduced downward. The body portion 82 is formed, and step portions 83 are formed on both outer sides in the longitudinal direction of the boundary portion between the edge portion and the body portion. It is desirable to prepare a cultivation pot 8 as large as possible. As an example of specific dimensions, the diameter of the upper surface of the edge 81 is 10.5 cm in the front shape shown in FIG. Has a diameter of 8.5 cm and a height of 5 cm. In the side shape shown in FIG. 4, the upper surface has a diameter of 2.5 cm and the lower surface has a length of 1.0 cm. And the outer peripheral shape of the boundary part of the step part 83 and the trunk | drum 82 is the same shape as the space | gap part 71 of the seedling raising panel 7 shown in FIG. 2, Therefore, it can insert in this space | gap part, and when it is inserted, a step part 83 is hooked in each gap portion 71 of the seedling raising panel 7, and the cultivation pot 8 is supported in a horizontal state.
[0014]
Next, the structure of the planting cultivation apparatus will be described with reference to FIG. 5. This structure is substantially the same as the seedling cultivation apparatus shown in FIG. 1 except for the structure of the planting panel 1. The planting container 41 contains a nutrient solution W, and the water level of the nutrient solution is lower than the level of the nutrient solution W injected into the seedling raising container 4.
[0015]
Then, if the structure of the planting panel 1 as one form of aquaculture panel is demonstrated, as shown in FIG. 6, this planting panel will be the mesh-shaped holding | maintenance board 2 and the temperature rising / falling temperature laminated | stacked on this mesh-shaped holding | maintenance board. And a prevention sheet 3.
[0016]
The planar shape of the mesh-like holding plate 2 which is a mesh-like holding plate is substantially the same as the configuration of the seedling-growing panel 7 shown in FIG. 2, and is a lattice-like one as shown in FIG. A rectangular gap 21 is formed for insertion and holding.
[0017]
As shown in FIG. 8, the sheet 3 for preventing temperature rise / fall is cut by notches 31 at predetermined intervals corresponding to the gaps 21 of the mesh-shaped holding plate 2 and at intervals of two in the horizontal and vertical directions of the gaps in the drawing. It is included. In addition, the chain line 21 on the outer periphery of the cut 31 indicates the position of the corresponding gap 21 in the holding plate 2 located on the lower surface.
[0018]
The temperature increase / decrease prevention sheet 3 is a nonwoven fabric in which long fiber filaments of synthetic resin are bonded at a high density, and has a light reflectance of 90% or more and a light absorption of 1% or less. The temperature rise / fall prevention sheet 3 is a non-woven fabric (for example, “Tyvek” product name, manufactured by DuPont) in which long filament filaments of synthetic resin are joined at high density by a flash spinning method or the like.
[0019]
The temperature rising / falling prevention sheet 3 exhibits excellent characteristic values such as light reflectance of 90% or more and light energy absorption of 1% or less. This is superior to conventional light-shielding films with excellent heat insulation properties, such as neopolyshine and solar sheets with aluminum vapor deposition films, which have high spectral characteristics and high light reflectance. It is a thing.
[0020]
Further, the temperature rising / falling prevention sheet 3 has a higher density than other nonwoven fabrics formed by, for example, a melt blow method, a spun bond method, and the like. Therefore, the sheet used in the present invention has water pressure resistance, moisture permeability, and the like. Also excellent. In addition, the temperature rising / falling prevention sheet 3 has a weight in the range of 40 to 150 g per square meter, and the water pressure resistance indicating the water pressure resistance is in the range of 500 to 3000 mm (according to JIS-L1092A method-low water pressure method), The moisture permeability indicating moisture permeability is 3000 to 7000 g / m @ 2/24 hours (according to JIS-Z-0280 correction method). Further, the temperature rise / fall prevention sheet 3 has an air permeability of 20 to 80S / 100CC (according to JIS-P8117B type) indicating the air permeability (air permeability). Polyolefin, particularly high-density polyolefin, is preferable as the synthetic resin constituting the nonwoven fabric of the raw material for the temperature rise / fall prevention sheet 3, but polypropylene or a copolymer with polyolefin can also be used. If necessary, it is preferable to improve the durability by adding a conversion agent such as an ultraviolet absorber.
[0021]
The nonwoven fabric of the material for preventing temperature rise / fall prevention 3 is obtained by randomly depositing and bonding long fibers by a direct spinning method in which spinning, stretching, opening and bonding processes are continuously performed. In other words, a spun thermoplastic resin that can be spun into an extruder and put into a melted state, and the fiber extruded from the spinning nozzle is made into a stretched fiber by a roller method or an air jet method, or a non-woven fabric by a spunbond method, Non-woven fabric by melt-blowing method in which resin is jetted from a spinning nozzle together with a high-pressure gas stream into a stretched fiber, or a solution in which a spinnable thermoplastic synthetic resin is dissolved in a solvent under high temperature pressure is released into the atmosphere through the spinning nozzle. There is a non-woven fabric produced by flash spinning that vaporizes the fiber. This flash method uses a solution obtained by dissolving a synthetic resin such as high-density polyethylene or polypropylene in a low-boiling solvent such as a halogenated hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon, or aliphatic hydrocarbon under high temperature and high pressure. It is discharged into the atmosphere in a low-temperature and low-pressure region through a spinning nozzle provided with a pressure drop chamber in a pressurized state, and the solvent is instantly vaporized to give orientation to the fiber by its expansion force. The resulting nonwoven fabric is particularly excellent in water resistance and moisture permeability.
[0022]
Next, the usage method of a hydroponic cultivation apparatus is demonstrated.
[0023]
First, the nutrient solution W is poured into the seedling raising container 4 to a predetermined level, and the cultivation pot 8 is sown. The culture medium filled in the cultivation pot 8 needs to be at a certain depth so as not to be stressed, and further needs to be maintained at a constant pH and EC nutrient solution. Then, as shown in FIG. 1, this cultivation pot is inserted in all the space | gap part 71 of the mesh-shaped seedling raising panel 7 so that the opening edge part of the container 4 for raising seedlings may be coat | covered completely. Thus, since the cultivation pot 8 is inserted in all the gaps 71, the cultivation density is increased, and light does not enter the nutrient solution W. When a large pot such as the above-mentioned shape and size was used as the cultivation pot 8, the seedling period was long even if the true leaves came out, and in the experimental example, a long-term seedling of about 20 to 25 days was made.
[0024]
After that, when the seedling period is over, it is necessary to plant in the main field. Therefore, the cultivation pot 8 is pulled up from the seedling panel 7 in the state shown in FIG. 1, and the cultivation pot 8 is opened in the notch 31 of the temperature rising / falling prevention sheet 3 of the planting panel 1 of the planting cultivation apparatus as shown in FIG. When inserted, the cultivation pot is held by the gap 21 of the mesh-like holding plate 2. The insertion interval of the cultivation pot 8 in this state is vacant for each of the gap portions 21, so that it is twice as wide as that for raising seedlings, and the number of cultivation pots inserted is naturally halved. Further, the depth of the nutrient solution W in the planting container 41 is made as shallow as possible so that it disappears at the time of harvest.
[0025]
According to this planting cultivation apparatus, the temperature rising / falling prevention sheet 3 of the planting panel 1 directly covers the nutrient solution W stored in the container 41, thereby suppressing an increase in the temperature of the nutrient solution, particularly in summer. It is effective for prevention.
[0026]
Thus, the nutrient solution cultivation apparatus concerning this invention suppresses the raise of the temperature of this nutrient solution, helps the cultivation of the crop especially in the summer high temperature period, and also the light irradiated to this fixed planting panel 1 is heated and cooled. Since the prevention sheet 3 is almost reflected and there is almost no heat storage due to the absorbed light, an increase in the water temperature of the nutrient solution W in the container 4 is suppressed. For this reason, the rhizosphere temperature in the cultivation pot 8 and the nutrient solution 8 The water temperature can be kept at a temperature of 30 ° C. or lower suitable for root growth.
[0027]
In addition, according to the present invention, the seedling period becomes longer, so that the seedling can be enlarged and the cultivation period in the main field can be shortened. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, the depth of the nutrient solution and the amount of water in the main field are reduced. And can reduce the residual liquid after harvesting. If the nutrient solution W is reliably managed, this nutrient solution is almost lost at the time of harvesting, so that the bark of the medium becomes dry. Therefore, the harvest effort of the harvest can be reduced and the moisture can be cut, so the harvest is improved in quality and lasts longer, and the bark is dried, so it is easy to reuse and suppress the generation of pathogenic bacteria. Is also effective. The generation of algae can be suppressed by using a component containing hinokitiol in the bark when the bark is used. Moreover, according to the experimental example, the seedling raising period can be extended up to 3 weeks by using bark as a medium.
[0028]
Moreover, since the fixed planting panel 1 and the seedling raising panel 7 are separated from the nutrient solution, the occurrence of disease can be suppressed.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
The hydroponic panel according to the present invention is composed of a mesh-shaped holding plate and a heating / falling prevention sheet laminated on the mesh-like holding plate, and the heating / falling prevention sheet is made of a synthetic resin long fiber filament. A non-woven fabric bonded with high density, having a light reflectance of 90% or more and a light absorption rate of 1% or less, and the nutrient solution cultivation apparatus uses the nutrient solution cultivation panel of this configuration. The temperature of the nutrient solution in the liquid culture container is prevented from rising, especially in the summer high-temperature crops, and the light reflectance is 90% or more and the light absorption rate is 1% or less. Since the light irradiated to the nutrient solution cultivation container is almost reflected and there is almost no heat storage due to the absorbed light, an increase in the water temperature in the nutrient solution cultivation container is suppressed. For this reason, the rhizosphere temperature in a cultivation pot and the water temperature of a nutrient solution can be suppressed to the temperature suitable for root growth, for example, 30 degrees C or less.
[0030]
Moreover, the hydroponic cultivation apparatus is composed of a seedling cultivation apparatus and a fixed planting cultivation apparatus. The seedling cultivation apparatus includes a container for raising a seedling in which the nutrient solution is stored, and a mesh placed on the open end of the container for raising seedling. A planting pot, and a planting pot that is inserted into the void of the mesh-shaped seedling panel and supported by the panel, and the planting device includes a planting container that stores a nutrient solution and the planting plant. Since the planting panel covers the open end of the container, the planting interval can be freely changed, the occurrence of illness can be prevented as much as possible, and disposal is easy. In addition, it is possible to use large cultivation pots and long-term seedlings, so large seedlings that have been grown after a long seedling period have been planted in the main field, so the period from this planting to harvesting is shortened, The cultivation turnover rate can be increased. In this way, the cultivation period in the main field is shortened, so that the depth and amount of the nutrient solution in the main field can be reduced, which can reduce the remaining nutrient solution after harvesting, that is, the remaining amount of the culture solution. By adding a nutrient solution with a constant pH and EC so that there is no stress for a while, the nutrient solution in this field can be grown for a long time. As a result, the amount of fertilizer and water is reduced, which is effective in reducing the costs for nutrient solution management.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a seedling growing apparatus.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a mesh-like seedling panel.
FIG. 3 is a front view of a cultivation pot.
FIG. 4 is a side view of a cultivation pot.
FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view of the planting cultivation apparatus.
FIG. 6 is a front view of a planting panel.
FIG. 7 is a plan view of a mesh-type planting panel.
FIG. 8 is a plan view of a temperature rise / fall prevention sheet.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Hydroponics panel (fixed planting panel)
2 Mesh-shaped holding plate 21 Cavity portion 3 of mesh-shaped holding plate Temperature rise / fall prevention sheet 31 Cut 4 Container for raising seedling 41 Container for planting 7 Mesh-shaped seedling panel 71 Cavity portion for seedling panel 8 Cultivation pot 81 Edge portion 82 Body portion 83 Step W nutrient solution

Claims (3)

It consists of a mesh-shaped holding plate and a temperature-rise / fall prevention sheet laminated on the mesh-shaped holding plate,
The temperature rise / fall prevention sheet is a non-woven fabric in which long filament filaments of synthetic resin are bonded at a high density, and has a light reflectance of 90% or more and a light absorption of 1% or less,
The hydroponic cultivation panel according to claim 1, wherein the sheet for preventing temperature rise / fall is cut at predetermined intervals corresponding to the gaps of the mesh-shaped holding plate. It consists of a container containing a nutrient solution, a nutrient solution cultivation panel and a cultivation pot covering the open end of this container,
The above-mentioned hydroponics panel consists of a mesh-shaped holding plate and a sheet for preventing temperature rise / fall temperature laminated on the mesh-shaped holding plate,
The temperature rise / fall prevention sheet is a non-woven fabric in which long filament filaments of synthetic resin are bonded at a high density, and has a light reflectance of 90% or more and a light absorption of 1% or less,
The temperature rise / fall prevention sheet is cut at a predetermined interval corresponding to the gap of the mesh-shaped holding plate,
The said culture pot is inserted through the said notch of the said temperature rising / falling prevention sheet | seat, and is hold | maintained by the said mesh-shaped holding | maintenance board, The hydroponic cultivation apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned. Consists of seedling cultivation equipment and fixed plant cultivation equipment,
The seedling growing device is inserted into a seedling container that stores a nutrient solution, a mesh-shaped seedling panel placed on the open end of the seedling container, and a gap of the mesh-shaped seedling panel. It consists of a cultivation pot supported by this panel,
The planting cultivation apparatus comprises a planting container that contains a nutrient solution, and a planting panel that covers the open end of the container for planting,
The planting panel is composed of a mesh-shaped holding plate and a sheet for preventing temperature increase / decrease that is laminated on the mesh-shaped holding plate,
The temperature rise / fall prevention sheet is a non-woven fabric in which long filament filaments of synthetic resin are bonded at high density, and has a light reflectance of 90% or more and a light absorption of 1% or less,
The temperature rise / fall prevention sheet is cut at a predetermined interval corresponding to the gap of the mesh-shaped holding plate,
This cultivation pot is inserted through the cut of the said temperature-rise / fall prevention sheet | seat, and is hold | maintained by the said mesh-shaped holding | maintenance board, The nutrient solution cultivation apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned.

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