JP4033510B2 - Ophthalmic pharmaceutical composition containing trehalose - Google Patents

Ophthalmic pharmaceutical composition containing trehalose Download PDF

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JP4033510B2
JP4033510B2 JP34553696A JP34553696A JP4033510B2 JP 4033510 B2 JP4033510 B2 JP 4033510B2 JP 34553696 A JP34553696 A JP 34553696A JP 34553696 A JP34553696 A JP 34553696A JP 4033510 B2 JP4033510 B2 JP 4033510B2
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Prior art keywords
trehalose
formula
eye drop
eye
sodium
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JPH09235233A (en
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田中  均
淳 金井
俊之 高野
享子 河場
昌子 和田
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Rohto Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Rohto Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、眼科領域の医療に関連する組成物に関し、更に詳しくは、角膜保護作用を有する有用で安全な眼内灌流・洗浄剤、点眼剤および眼軟膏剤に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
角膜は眼組織の最も外側にあって外界に露出された部分であり、その適切な保護は眼科領域の医療において極めて重要である。角膜は、上皮、実質、内皮の3層から成るが、角膜上皮と内皮は実質に対してバリアー機能を持ち、それぞれに大切な役目を担っている。
即ち、角膜では、受動的な水分侵入と、能動的水分排泄のバランスが適切に保たれて角膜全体の水分を適量に調節し機能を維持しているが、このような角膜全体の機能を維持する上で中心となるのが角膜内皮細胞のポンプ機能である。このように、角膜内皮細胞は、代謝及び透明性の維持に重要な役割を果たしているので、内皮細胞が障害を受けて角膜の正常な生理機能が損なわれると、流体バランスが崩れ、角膜が膨潤し、透明性が失われることになる。角膜内皮細胞は、重要な役割を担っているにもかかわらず、成人においては分裂能力が極めて低く、障害を受けると修復が非常に困難である。
【0003】
眼科領域における白内障手術や硝子体手術を代表とする外科的療法は、技術の発展と共に近年増加の傾向にある。これらの手術中は、長時間にわたって眼内圧の維持、露出される組織の破壊防止、視野を不明瞭にするような血液や組織片の洗浄のために、手術部位に眼内灌流・洗浄剤が絶えず送り込まれる。望ましくない眼内灌流・洗浄剤は、連続的な接触により角膜内皮細胞へ障害を引き起こし、ひいては術後の治癒過程に影響を及ぼし角膜混濁の原因となる。更には、緑内障や網膜炎などを併発させる恐れがある。そのため、眼科手術において角膜内皮細胞の保護作用に優れた眼内灌流・洗浄剤が望まれている。
【0004】
初期の眼内灌流剤では、標準的な塩濃度0.9%の等張な溶液が広範に用いられたが、この等張液は角膜の膨潤を引き起こし、角膜内皮細胞の障害が問題であった。現在では、眼内灌流剤は房水組成にできるだけ近いものが好ましいとして、酸化型グルタチオンを添加したBSS PLUS(商品名)や、塩バランス溶液であるオペガード MA(商品名)が使用されている。しかしながら、これら従来製品も依然として角膜内皮細胞保護作用の点で問題を有している。
【0005】
一方、角膜上皮細胞は、外界との境界であり、眼球乾燥やコンタクトレンズ等の外的要因による機械的障害によって障害を受け易いことが知られている。ドライアイは最近増加傾向にあり、不定愁訴を伴う疾患であることから、患者のquality of lifeの向上という点からも、その適切な処置が重要になっている。更に現代の視覚情報化社会と、コンタクトレンズの普及により、眼疾患は益々多様化し、外界の危険因子に常に曝されている角膜上皮細胞の保護は深刻な問題である。従って、乾燥や異物による障害に対する保護作用を持ち、角膜上皮細胞の機能を正常に維持するための点眼剤、眼軟膏剤等が必要である。現在、角膜上皮障害の治療法として人工涙液の点眼剤などがあるが、必ずしも満足できる効果をあげていない。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、眼組織、とりわけ角膜の保護作用に優れた、有用で安全性の高い、眼内灌流・洗浄剤、点眼剤及び眼軟膏剤等の眼科用の医薬組成物を提供することにある。しかし、これら組成物の適用部位である眼組織は極めて精巧に造られた感覚器であり、生理的特性が他の臓器と顕著に異なっているために、その開発においては、眼組織の特異性に由来する様々な問題を解決しなければならない。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、眼科領域での様々な医療に用いる組成物の有効成分として有用な物質を見出すために鋭意研究を続けた結果、キノコ類、パン酵母、海草類、海老類など多くの食品にその存在が確認されており、長年の間、人間が食品として食してきた公知の2糖類の一つであるトレハロースが、優れた眼組織保護作用を有することを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
即ち、本発明は、式(1)
【化2】

Figure 0004033510
で表される化合物を含有する眼科用の医薬組成物を提供するものである。
上記の式(1)で示されるトレハロースは、従来、食品としての用途以外に、化粧品、精子保存液、移植臓器用溶液(特開平6-40801)などに用いうることが知られているが、眼科用の医薬組成物の成分として有用であることは未だ知られていない。
本発明のトレハロース含有医薬組成物の例として、眼内灌流・洗浄剤、点眼剤および眼軟膏剤を挙げることができる。トレハロースを含有する組成物は、後述の試験例に示すように、角膜保護作用に優れており、上記の本発明の目的の達成に有用である。
【0008】
トレハロースの製造法については、例えばMERCK INDEX、第11版、1508頁の9496 Trehaloseの項に記載の文献を参照して製することができ、また、市販のものを利用することもできる(和光純薬工業K.K.)。なお、これらの入手可能なトレハロースが水和物の形をとっている場合、該水和物も、水和していない化合物と同様に本発明組成物の有効成分として有用であることは、当業者ならば容易に理解しうることである。さらに、製剤の分野では、有効成分である化合物を、生体内で同一の作用を発揮する製剤的に許容される塩又はエステル等の誘導体の形に修飾して投与することが一般的であり、溶解性や安定性等の面で適当に修飾することが好ましい場合もある。従って、本発明の組成物の有効成分であるトレハロースも、同等の所望の角膜保護作用を示すことを条件として、当該技術分野で既知の方法で得られる製剤的に許容される塩又はエステルを含む誘導体の形で用いることができ、そのようにして得られる組成物も本発明の範囲内に含まれる。エステルの例としては、酢酸エステル、硫酸エステル等を挙げることができる。トレハロースの誘導体のうち、硫酸エステルは、既に皮膚保護作用を有することが知られており(特開平4−290808)、角膜に対しても保護効果を示すことが期待される。従って、トレハロースの硫酸エステルは本発明組成物の有効成分として有用である。そのような誘導体は、当業者既知の方法又は文献(例、Schweiger R.G.ら、Carbohydrate Research 21, 219-229 (1972))既知の方法で合成することができる。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の眼科用組成物が眼内灌流・洗浄剤及び点眼剤である場合、該組成物は予め液剤の形にしておいてもよく、あるいは固形剤として使用時に溶解して用いるようにしてもよい。固形剤の場合、例えば精製水や生理食塩液などに適量を溶解、懸濁または乳化させるとよい。固形剤としては、錠剤、顆粒剤や散剤などが挙げられ、これらは公知の方法により適宜製造することができる。これらの製剤は、無菌濾過や加熱滅菌などの公知の方法により無菌とするのがよい。
【0010】
本発明の組成物中のトレハロースの含量は、最終濃度として、通常、約0.01%〜20%の範囲であるが、好ましい濃度範囲は個々の製剤で若干異なり、通常、角膜保護効果、浸透圧、イオンバランス問うの様々な因子を考慮して決定される。トレハロースの配合量を増加させることにより、角膜内皮及び上皮に対する保護効果を高めることができる。そのためには、好ましくはトレハロースを組成物中に0.1%以上、より好ましくは0.3%以上配合するとよい。
一方、本発明の組成物は眼粘膜に直接適用されることから、製剤中にトレハロースを配合する場合には、同時に塩類含量を適切に調節し、細胞のイオンバランスに影響を与えないよう注意が必要である。従って、イオンバランスの崩壊を防ぐためには、塩類配合量との関係から、製剤中のトレハロースの含量を好ましくは5%以下、より好ましくは3.5%以下にすることが望ましい。
【0011】
以上の点を総合すると、トレハロースの最終濃度は、眼内灌流・洗浄剤の場合、通常、0.01%〜10%、好ましくは0.1%〜5%、特に好ましくは、0.3%〜3.5%の範囲、点眼剤および眼軟膏剤の場合、通常0.01%〜20%、好ましくは1%〜10%、特に好ましくは、0.5〜5%とすることができる。
また、本発明の組成物のpHは、眼内灌流・洗浄剤、点眼剤および眼軟膏剤として用いる場合、公知の方法によって、6.5〜8.0に調整するのがよい。さらに、点眼剤として用いる場合、浸透圧は公知の方法によって0.5〜5圧比、好ましくは0.8〜2圧比に調整するのがよい。眼内灌流・洗浄剤として用いる場合は、0.8〜1.5圧比、好ましくは1.0〜1.2圧比に調整するのがよい。
【0012】
本発明の組成物は、使用目的に応じて、当該技術分野で用いられている通常の成分に上記した濃度範囲内でトレハロース又はその誘導体を加え、要すればpH及び浸透圧を調整することにより、常法通り製造することができる。
本発明組成物が眼内灌流・洗浄剤である場合、本発明の目的に反しない限り、通常、眼内灌流・洗浄剤に用いられるその他の成分、例えば塩化カルシウム、塩化マグネシウム、硫酸マグネシウム、酢酸ナトリウム、リン酸ナトリウム、リン酸カリウム、クエン酸ナトリウムおよび炭酸水素ナトリウム等の各種の電解質、ブドウ糖等の単糖類、グルタチオンおよびグルタチオンジスルフィド等のペプタイド類、ペニシリンG等の抗生物質などを通常用いられる量を適宜配合することができる。
本発明組成物が点眼剤である場合、本発明の目的に反しない限り、通常点眼剤に用いられる添加剤、例えば、クロロブタノール、デヒドロ酢酸ナトリウム、塩化ベンザルコニウム、塩化セチルピリジウム、フェネチルアルコール、パラオキシ安息香酸メチル、塩化ベンゼトニウム等の保存剤、硼砂、硼酸、リン酸2水素カリウム等の緩衝剤、メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ポリビニルアルコール、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム、コンドロイチン硫酸等の増粘剤、ポリソルベート80、ポリオキシエチレン硬化ヒマシ油60等の溶解補助剤、エデト酸ナトリウム、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム等の安定化剤を適宜配合することができる。
本発明組成物が眼軟膏剤である場合、慣用の基剤を使用でき、具体的には、眼科用白色ワセリン、プロペト、プラスチベース等を例示できる。添加剤としては、流動パラフィン等を使用する。
【0013】
本発明の眼内灌流・洗浄剤の用法・用量は、患者の年齢、術式等により変動するが、通常、白内障手術で約20〜500ml、硝子体手術で約50〜4,000ml、緑内障手術で約20〜50mlである。本発明の点眼剤の用法・用量は、患者の症状、年齢等により変動するが、通常、1日1〜6回、1回1〜2滴が点眼される。眼軟膏剤の場合には、通常1日1〜2回、結膜嚢内に適量を塗布して使用される。
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
【0014】
【実施例】
Figure 0004033510
上記の成分を用いて、公知の方法により無菌製剤を調製して眼内灌流・洗浄剤とする。pH7.4、浸透圧比1.1。
【0015】
Figure 0004033510
上記の成分を用いて、公知の方法により無菌製剤を調製して眼内灌流・洗浄剤とする。pH7.4、浸透圧比1.1。
【0016】
Figure 0004033510
上記の成分を用いて、公知の方法により無菌製剤を調製して眼内灌流・洗浄剤とする。pH7.4、浸透圧比1.2。
【0017】
Figure 0004033510
上記の成分を用いて、公知の方法により無菌製剤を調製して眼内灌流・洗浄剤とする。pH7.4、浸透圧比1.5。
【0018】
Figure 0004033510
上記の成分を用いて、公知の方法により無菌製剤を調製して点眼剤とする。pH7.4、浸透圧比1.1。
【0019】
Figure 0004033510
上記の成分を用いて、公知の方法により無菌製剤を調製して点眼剤とする。pH7.4、浸透圧比1.1。
【0020】
Figure 0004033510
上記の成分を用いて、公知の方法により無菌製剤を調製して点眼剤とする。pH7.4、浸透圧比1.1。
【0021】
Figure 0004033510
上記の成分を用いて、公知の方法により無菌製剤を調製して点眼剤とする。pH7.4、浸透圧比1.1。
【0022】
Figure 0004033510
上記の成分を用いて、公知の方法により無菌製剤を調製して点眼剤とする。pH7.4、浸透圧比1.5。
【0023】
Figure 0004033510
上記の成分を用いて、公知の方法により無菌製剤を調製して点眼剤とする。pH7.4、浸透圧比2.0。
【0024】
Figure 0004033510
上記の成分を用いて、公知の方法により無菌製剤を調製して眼内灌流・洗浄剤とする。pH7.4、浸透圧比1.1。
【0025】
Figure 0004033510
上記の成分を用いて、公知の方法により無菌製剤を調製して点眼剤とする。pH7.4、浸透圧比1.1。
【0026】
Figure 0004033510
上記の成分を用いて、公知の方法により無菌製剤を調製して眼軟膏剤とする。
【0027】
試験例1
トレハロースの角膜内皮細胞保護作用を評価するため、本発明化合物を配合した組成物およびこれを除いた組成物を調製し、ウサギ強角膜片を用いて内皮細胞の保護作用について比較検討した。
[被験物質]
実施例1に示したトレハロースを含有する製剤(トレハロース(+)製剤)、及び対照としてその処方からトレハロースを除き滲透圧を約1.1とした製剤(トレハロース(−)製剤)を用いて試験した。
[試験方法]
眼に異常のない日本白色種雄性ウサギ4匹を用い、屠殺後眼球を摘出して強角膜片とした。Diksteinらの方法(S. Dikstein and D. M. Maurice: The Metabolic Basis to the Fluid Pump in the Cornea. J. Physiol. 221:29-41, 1972)に従って、灌流チャンバーに固定し、直ちにシリンジポンプを用いて流速1.6ml/h、角膜内圧約15mmHgの条件で、片眼をトレハロースを含有する製剤、僚眼をトレハロースを除いた製剤で37℃、8時間灌流した。灌流後、輪部に沿って強膜部を切除し、角膜片のみにして湿重量を測定した。その後、120℃で24時間乾燥し、乾燥重量を測定した。湿重量および乾燥重量から次式により含水率を算出した。
【数1】
角膜含水率=(湿重量−乾燥重量)/乾燥重量
[試験結果]
試験物質を8時間灌流した後の角膜含水率は、トレハロースを含有する製剤で5.24±0.21(平均値±標準誤差 n=4)、トレハロースを除いた製剤で6.89±0.25(平均値±標準誤差 n=4)であり、前者のほうが後者に比べて有意に低かった(p<0.05、図1参照)。
従って、トレハロースを配合することによって角膜内皮細胞が保護され、角膜の膨潤が抑制されることが明らかとなった。
【0028】
試験例2
トレハロースの角膜上皮細胞に対する保護作用を評価するために、ニュートラルレッドアッセイ法を用いて、塩化ベンザルコニウムによって障害を与えた家兎角膜上皮細胞に対する本化合物の保護作用を検討した。
[被験物質]
トレハロースを培養液で7%に調製した液(トレハロース有)を被験溶液として、食塩を培養液で0.6021%に調製した液(トレハロース無)を対照溶液として試験した。
[試験方法]
試験物質の細胞保護作用の評価は、コルネパックキット(クラボウ(株))に添付されているウサギ角膜上皮細胞を用いたニュートラルレッドアッセイ法に準じて行った。
1次培養凍結細胞を2つの25cm2フラスコに4000cells/cm2で接種し、36.5℃、5% CO2の条件下で5日間培養した後(2次培養)、96穴マルチプレートに100μlずつ2500cells/ウエルで接種し、37℃、5% CO2で3日間培養した(3次培養)。培養した角膜上皮細胞に塩化ベンザルコニウム溶液(25×10-6、50×10-6、75×10-6、10×10-5%)を50μl添加し、さらに被験溶液(7%トレハロース)または対照溶液(0.6021%食塩)を50μl(計100μl)添加し、36.5℃、5%CO2のインキュベーター内で2日間培養した。なお、培養液のみを100μl添加したものを未処理コントロールとした。ニュートラルレッド溶液を各ウエルに100μlずつ添加し、36.5℃、5%CO2で3時間インキュベートした。上清を捨てた後、1%塩化カルシウムを含む1%ホルマリン溶液200μlで細胞を1分間固定・洗浄した。続いて上清を捨て、水洗後、1%酢酸を含む50%エタノール溶液100μlを用いて細胞からニュートラルレッドを20分間抽出し、生存する細胞に摂取されたニュートラルレッドの吸光度(540nm)を測定した。測定値からブランク(未処理コントロールと同じ条件で細胞を培養した後、ニュートラルレッドの非存在下、同様に処理して得た測定値)の平均吸光度を差し引いた補正吸光度を求め、下式より、未処理コントロールとの比から細胞生存率を算出した。
【0029】
【数2】
Figure 0004033510
[試験結果]
培養角膜上皮細胞に塩化ベンザルコニウムを25×10-6〜10×10-5%添加すると、細胞生存率は濃度依存的に低下した。一方、この細胞生存率の低下は、トレハロースを同時に添加することにより、いずれの塩化ベンザルコニウムの濃度においても明らかに軽減された(図2)。
この結果は、トレハロースが障害を受けた角膜上皮細胞に対して保護作用を有することを示している。
【0030】
試験例3
トレハロースの眼内潅流液としての有用性を評価するため、本発明のトレハロース含有組成物でウサギ眼球内を潅流した。
[被験物質]
試験例1と同様に調製した、トレハロース(+)製剤及び、対照としてトレハロース(−)製剤を用いて試験した。
[試験方法]
眼に異状のない日本白色種雄性ウサギ6匹に全身麻酔を施し、角膜輪部から強膜側へ1mmの位置で強膜を幅3mm切開し、切開口より前房内に白内障手術用潅流装置(ストルツ社)の吸引潅流チップを挿入し、被験物質で前房内を室温で30分間(300ml)潅流した。潅流直後、1、2、7日後に超音波パキメーター(シルコ社)で角膜厚を測定した。
【0031】
[試験結果]
灌流1日後の角膜厚は、トレハロースを含有する製剤の場合、0.322±0.005 mm (平均値±標準偏差,n=3)、トレハロースを含有しない製剤の場合、0.349±0.001 mm (平均値±標準偏差,n=3)であり、前者の方が後者に比べて有意に低かった(p<0.01、図3参照)。従って、トレハロースを配合することによって角膜内皮細胞が保護され、灌流後の角膜の膨潤が抑制されることが明らかになった。
【0032】
【発明の効果】
本発明の組成物は、眼内組織、特に眼科手術の際に損傷を最も受けやすい角膜内皮細胞の保護の点で優れているので、各種眼科手術を安全に行うことができる。また、本発明の組成物は、これに含有されるトレハロースが角膜上皮細胞に対して保護作用を有することから、点眼剤あるいは眼軟膏剤として角膜障害の治療に有利に用いることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明組成物の角膜組織保護作用を表すグラフである。
【図2】 トレハロースの角膜上皮細胞に対する保護作用を表すグラフである。
【図3】 トレハロースの角膜内皮細胞に対する保護作用を示すグラフである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a composition related to medical treatment in the ophthalmic field, and more particularly to a useful and safe intraocular perfusion / cleaning agent, eye drop, and eye ointment having a cornea protecting action.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The cornea is the outermost part of the ocular tissue that is exposed to the outside world, and its proper protection is extremely important in ophthalmological medicine. The cornea consists of three layers: epithelium, parenchyma, and endothelium. The corneal epithelium and endothelium have a barrier function against the parenchyma, and each plays an important role.
In other words, in the cornea, the balance between passive water intrusion and active water excretion is properly maintained, and the function of the entire cornea is adjusted to maintain the function. The central function is the corneal endothelial cell pumping function. Thus, corneal endothelial cells play an important role in maintaining metabolism and transparency, so if the endothelial cells are damaged and the normal physiological function of the cornea is impaired, the fluid balance is disrupted and the cornea swells And transparency will be lost. Despite having an important role, corneal endothelial cells have a very low division ability in adults and are very difficult to repair when damaged.
[0003]
Surgical therapies such as cataract surgery and vitreous surgery in the ophthalmic field have been increasing in recent years with the development of technology. During these operations, intraocular perfusion / cleaning agent is applied to the surgical site to maintain intraocular pressure over a long period of time, prevent destruction of exposed tissue, and clean blood and tissue fragments that may obscure the visual field. It is sent continuously. Undesired intraocular perfusion / cleaning agent causes damage to corneal endothelial cells by continuous contact, and thus affects the post-operative healing process and causes corneal opacity. In addition, glaucoma and retinitis may occur simultaneously. Therefore, an intraocular perfusion / cleaning agent excellent in the protective action of corneal endothelial cells in ophthalmic surgery is desired.
[0004]
In early intraocular perfusants, a standard isotonic solution with a salt concentration of 0.9% was widely used, but this isotonic solution caused swelling of the cornea, and damage to corneal endothelial cells was a problem. It was. At present, BSS PLUS (trade name) to which oxidized glutathione is added and Opegard MA (trade name) which is a salt balance solution are used, assuming that the intraocular perfusion agent is preferably as close as possible to the composition of aqueous humor. However, these conventional products still have problems in terms of protecting corneal endothelial cells.
[0005]
On the other hand, corneal epithelial cells are a boundary with the outside world, and are known to be easily damaged by mechanical damage due to external factors such as eye dryness and contact lenses. Since dry eye has recently been on an increasing trend and is a disease accompanied by indefinite complaints, appropriate treatment has become important in terms of improving the quality of life of patients. Furthermore, with the modern visual information society and the spread of contact lenses, eye diseases are increasingly diversified, and the protection of corneal epithelial cells that are constantly exposed to external risk factors is a serious problem. Therefore, eye drops, eye ointments and the like are necessary for protecting against damage caused by dryness or foreign substances and maintaining the function of corneal epithelial cells normally. At present, there are eye drops of artificial tears as a treatment method for corneal epithelial disorder, but it does not always give a satisfactory effect.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a useful and safe ophthalmic pharmaceutical composition for ophthalmic use such as an intraocular perfusion / cleaning agent, eye drops and eye ointment, which has an excellent protective effect on ocular tissues, particularly the cornea. It is in. However, because the ocular tissue that is the application site of these compositions is a highly sophisticated sensory organ, and its physiological characteristics are significantly different from those of other organs, the development of the ocular tissue is unique in its development. We have to solve various problems that come from.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive research to find a substance useful as an active ingredient of various medical compositions in the ophthalmic field, the present inventors have found that many foods such as mushrooms, baker's yeast, seaweeds and shrimp are used. It has been confirmed that trehalose, which is one of the known disaccharides that humans have eaten as food for many years, has an excellent ocular tissue protecting action and has led to the completion of the present invention. It was.
That is, the present invention provides the formula (1)
[Chemical 2]
Figure 0004033510
The ophthalmic pharmaceutical composition containing the compound represented by these is provided.
Trehalose represented by the above formula (1) is conventionally known to be usable for cosmetics, sperm preservation solution, transplanted organ solution (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-40801), etc., in addition to its use as food. It is not yet known to be useful as a component of an ophthalmic pharmaceutical composition.
Examples of the trehalose-containing pharmaceutical composition of the present invention include intraocular perfusion / cleansing agents, eye drops, and eye ointments. The composition containing trehalose is excellent in the protective action of the cornea as shown in the following test examples, and is useful for achieving the object of the present invention.
[0008]
Regarding the production method of trehalose, it can be produced by referring to the literature described in the section of 996 Trehalose on page 1508, for example, MERCK INDEX, 11th edition, and a commercially available product can also be used (Pure Wako). Pharmaceutical industry KK). It should be noted that when these available trehalose is in the form of a hydrate, the hydrate is also useful as an active ingredient of the composition of the present invention in the same manner as the non-hydrated compound. It can be easily understood by a trader. Furthermore, in the field of pharmaceutical preparations, it is common to administer a compound as an active ingredient after modifying it into a form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester derivative that exhibits the same action in vivo, It may be preferable to modify appropriately in terms of solubility and stability. Therefore, trehalose, which is an active ingredient of the composition of the present invention, also contains a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester obtained by a method known in the art, provided that it exhibits an equivalent desired corneal protective action. A composition that can be used in the form of a derivative and thus obtained is also included within the scope of the present invention. Examples of the ester include acetate ester and sulfate ester. Of the derivatives of trehalose, sulfate is already known to have a skin protecting action (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-290808), and is expected to show a protective effect on the cornea. Therefore, trehalose sulfate is useful as an active ingredient of the composition of the present invention. Such derivatives can be synthesized by methods known to those skilled in the art or by methods known in the literature (eg Schweiger RG et al., Carbohydrate Research 21, 219-229 (1972)).
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
When the ophthalmic composition of the present invention is an intraocular perfusion / cleaning agent and eye drop, the composition may be preliminarily in the form of a solution, or may be used by dissolving as a solid agent at the time of use. Good. In the case of a solid preparation, an appropriate amount may be dissolved, suspended or emulsified in, for example, purified water or physiological saline. Examples of solid agents include tablets, granules, powders, and the like, and these can be appropriately produced by known methods. These preparations are preferably sterilized by a known method such as aseptic filtration or heat sterilization.
[0010]
The trehalose content in the composition of the present invention is usually in the range of about 0.01% to 20% as a final concentration, but the preferable concentration range is slightly different depending on the individual preparation, and usually the corneal protective effect, penetration The pressure and ion balance are determined in consideration of various factors. By increasing the amount of trehalose, the protective effect on the corneal endothelium and epithelium can be enhanced. For this purpose, trehalose is preferably added to the composition in an amount of 0.1% or more, more preferably 0.3% or more.
On the other hand, since the composition of the present invention is applied directly to the ocular mucosa, when adding trehalose in the preparation, be careful not to affect the ionic balance of the cells by simultaneously adjusting the salt content. is necessary. Therefore, in order to prevent the collapse of the ion balance, it is desirable that the trehalose content in the preparation is preferably 5% or less, more preferably 3.5% or less, in view of the relationship with the salt content.
[0011]
In total, the final concentration of trehalose is usually 0.01% to 10%, preferably 0.1% to 5%, particularly preferably 0.3% in the case of intraocular perfusion / cleaning agents. In the case of eye drops and eye ointments in the range of ~ 3.5%, it is usually 0.01% to 20%, preferably 1% to 10%, particularly preferably 0.5 to 5%.
In addition, the pH of the composition of the present invention is preferably adjusted to 6.5 to 8.0 by a known method when used as an intraocular perfusion / cleaning agent, eye drop, or eye ointment. Further, when used as an eye drop, the osmotic pressure is adjusted to a pressure ratio of 0.5 to 5, preferably 0.8 to 2, by a known method. When used as an intraocular perfusion / cleaning agent, the pressure ratio is adjusted to 0.8 to 1.5 pressure ratio, preferably 1.0 to 1.2 pressure ratio.
[0012]
The composition of the present invention is obtained by adding trehalose or a derivative thereof within the above-described concentration range to the usual components used in the technical field according to the purpose of use, and adjusting pH and osmotic pressure as necessary. Can be produced as usual.
When the composition of the present invention is an intraocular perfusion / cleaning agent, unless it is contrary to the purpose of the present invention, other components usually used in the intraocular perfusion / cleaning agent, such as calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, acetic acid Usual amounts of various electrolytes such as sodium, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium citrate and sodium bicarbonate, monosaccharides such as glucose, peptides such as glutathione and glutathione disulfide, and antibiotics such as penicillin G Can be appropriately blended.
If the invention composition is an ophthalmic solution, unless contrary to the object of the present invention, additives commonly used in eye drops, for example, chlorobutanol, sodium dehydroacetate, benzalkonium chloride, Sechirupiriji two um, phenethyl alcohol , Preservatives such as methyl paraoxybenzoate and benzethonium chloride, buffers such as borax, boric acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, chondroitin sulfate, etc. Thickeners, polysorbates 80, solubilizing agents such as polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 60, and stabilizers such as sodium edetate and sodium bisulfite can be appropriately blended.
When the composition of the present invention is an eye ointment, a conventional base can be used, and specific examples thereof include ophthalmic white petrolatum, propeto, plastibase and the like. As the additive, liquid paraffin or the like is used.
[0013]
The usage and dosage of the intraocular perfusion / cleaning agent of the present invention varies depending on the age, operation method, etc. of the patient, but is usually about 20 to 500 ml for cataract surgery, about 50 to 4,000 ml for vitreous surgery, and glaucoma surgery. About 20 to 50 ml. The dosage and administration of the eye drop of the present invention varies depending on the patient's symptoms, age, etc., but usually 1 to 2 drops are instilled 1 to 6 times a day. In the case of an eye ointment, it is usually used once or twice a day by applying an appropriate amount in the conjunctival sac.
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated, this invention is not limited to this.
[0014]
【Example】
Figure 0004033510
Using the above components, a sterile preparation is prepared by a known method to obtain an intraocular perfusion / cleaning agent. pH 7.4, osmotic pressure ratio 1.1.
[0015]
Figure 0004033510
Using the above components, a sterile preparation is prepared by a known method to obtain an intraocular perfusion / cleaning agent. pH 7.4, osmotic pressure ratio 1.1.
[0016]
Figure 0004033510
Using the above components, a sterile preparation is prepared by a known method to obtain an intraocular perfusion / cleaning agent. pH 7.4, osmotic pressure ratio 1.2.
[0017]
Figure 0004033510
Using the above components, a sterile preparation is prepared by a known method to obtain an intraocular perfusion / cleaning agent. pH 7.4, osmotic pressure ratio 1.5.
[0018]
Figure 0004033510
Using the above ingredients, a sterile preparation is prepared by a known method to give an eye drop. pH 7.4, osmotic pressure ratio 1.1.
[0019]
Figure 0004033510
Using the above ingredients, a sterile preparation is prepared by a known method to give an eye drop. pH 7.4, osmotic pressure ratio 1.1.
[0020]
Figure 0004033510
Using the above ingredients, a sterile preparation is prepared by a known method to give an eye drop. pH 7.4, osmotic pressure ratio 1.1.
[0021]
Figure 0004033510
Using the above ingredients, a sterile preparation is prepared by a known method to give an eye drop. pH 7.4, osmotic pressure ratio 1.1.
[0022]
Figure 0004033510
Using the above ingredients, a sterile preparation is prepared by a known method to give an eye drop. pH 7.4, osmotic pressure ratio 1.5.
[0023]
Figure 0004033510
Using the above ingredients, a sterile preparation is prepared by a known method to give an eye drop. pH 7.4, osmotic pressure ratio 2.0.
[0024]
Figure 0004033510
Using the above components, a sterile preparation is prepared by a known method to obtain an intraocular perfusion / cleaning agent. pH 7.4, osmotic pressure ratio 1.1.
[0025]
Figure 0004033510
Using the above ingredients, a sterile preparation is prepared by a known method to give an eye drop. pH 7.4, osmotic pressure ratio 1.1.
[0026]
Figure 0004033510
Using the above components, a sterile preparation is prepared by a known method to obtain an eye ointment.
[0027]
Test example 1
In order to evaluate the protective effect of trehalose on corneal endothelial cells, a composition containing the compound of the present invention and a composition excluding the composition were prepared, and the protective action of endothelial cells was compared using rabbit cornea fragments.
[Test substance]
The preparation containing trehalose shown in Example 1 (trehalose (+) preparation) and a preparation (trehalose (-) preparation) having an osmotic pressure of about 1.1 excluding trehalose from the formulation as a control were tested. .
[Test method]
Four Japanese white male rabbits with no abnormalities in the eyes were used. After sacrifice, the eyeballs were removed and used as cornea pieces. Fix to the perfusion chamber according to the method of Dikstein et al. (S. Dikstein and DM Maurice: The Metabolic Basis to the Fluid Pump in the Cornea. J. Physiol. 221: 29-41, 1972). Under the conditions of 1.6 ml / h and intracorneal pressure of about 15 mmHg, one eye was perfused at 37 ° C. for 8 hours with a preparation containing trehalose and the fellow eye with a preparation excluding trehalose. After perfusion, the sclera was excised along the annulus and the wet weight was measured using only the cornea piece. Then, it dried at 120 degreeC for 24 hours, and measured the dry weight. The water content was calculated from the wet weight and the dry weight by the following formula.
[Expression 1]
Corneal moisture content = (wet weight−dry weight) / dry weight [test result]
The corneal water content after perfusion of the test substance for 8 hours is 5.24 ± 0.21 (average value ± standard error n = 4) in the preparation containing trehalose, and 6.89 ± 0.25 (average value ± standard error n) in the preparation excluding trehalose. = 4), and the former was significantly lower than the latter (p <0.05, see FIG. 1).
Therefore, it was revealed that the addition of trehalose protects corneal endothelial cells and suppresses corneal swelling.
[0028]
Test example 2
In order to evaluate the protective effect of trehalose on corneal epithelial cells, the neutral red assay was used to examine the protective effect of this compound on rabbit corneal epithelial cells damaged by benzalkonium chloride.
[Test substance]
A solution prepared with 7% trehalose in a culture solution (with trehalose) was used as a test solution, and a solution prepared with sodium chloride 0.66021% in a culture solution (without trehalose) was used as a control solution.
[Test method]
Evaluation of the cytoprotective action of the test substance was performed according to the neutral red assay method using rabbit corneal epithelial cells attached to the Kornepack kit (Kurabo Co., Ltd.).
Primary cultured frozen cells are inoculated into two 25 cm 2 flasks at 4000 cells / cm 2 , cultured for 5 days under the conditions of 36.5 ° C. and 5% CO 2 (secondary culture), and then 100 μl in a 96-well multiplate. Each was inoculated at 2500 cells / well and cultured at 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2 for 3 days (tertiary culture). 50 μl of benzalkonium chloride solution (25 × 10 −6 , 50 × 10 −6 , 75 × 10 −6 , 10 × 10 −5 %) is added to the cultured corneal epithelial cells, and a test solution (7% trehalose) is further added. Alternatively, 50 μl (a total of 100 μl) of a control solution (0.6021% sodium chloride) was added and cultured in an incubator at 36.5 ° C. and 5% CO 2 for 2 days. In addition, 100 μl of culture medium alone was used as an untreated control. 100 μl of neutral red solution was added to each well and incubated at 36.5 ° C., 5% CO 2 for 3 hours. After discarding the supernatant, the cells were fixed and washed with 200 μl of a 1% formalin solution containing 1% calcium chloride for 1 minute. Subsequently, the supernatant was discarded, and after washing with water, neutral red was extracted from the cells for 20 minutes using 100 μl of a 50% ethanol solution containing 1% acetic acid, and the absorbance (540 nm) of neutral red ingested by the living cells was measured. . The corrected absorbance obtained by subtracting the average absorbance of the blank (measured value obtained by the same treatment in the absence of neutral red after culturing cells under the same conditions as the untreated control) from the following formula, Cell viability was calculated from the ratio to the untreated control.
[0029]
[Expression 2]
Figure 0004033510
[Test results]
When 25 × 10 −6 to 10 × 10 −5 % of benzalkonium chloride was added to cultured corneal epithelial cells, the cell viability decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. On the other hand, this decrease in cell viability was clearly reduced at any concentration of benzalkonium chloride by simultaneously adding trehalose (FIG. 2).
This result indicates that trehalose has a protective effect on damaged corneal epithelial cells.
[0030]
Test example 3
In order to evaluate the usefulness of trehalose as an intraocular perfusate, a rabbit eyeball was perfused with the trehalose-containing composition of the present invention.
[Test substance]
A trehalose (+) preparation prepared in the same manner as in Test Example 1 and a trehalose (-) preparation as a control were used for the test.
[Test method]
Six Japanese white male rabbits with no abnormalities in the eyes were given general anesthesia, the sclera was incised 3 mm wide at a position 1 mm from the limbus to the sclera, and a perfusion device for cataract surgery into the anterior chamber from the incision A suction perfusion tip (Struts) was inserted, and the inside of the anterior chamber was perfused with the test substance at room temperature for 30 minutes (300 ml). Immediately after the perfusion, the corneal thickness was measured with an ultrasonic pachymeter (Silco) after 1, 2 and 7 days.
[0031]
[Test results]
The corneal thickness one day after perfusion is 0.322 ± 0.005 mm (average value ± standard deviation, n = 3) for the preparation containing trehalose, and 0.349 ± 0.001 mm (average value ± standard deviation) for the preparation not containing trehalose. , N = 3), and the former was significantly lower than the latter (p <0.01, see FIG. 3). Therefore, it was revealed that the addition of trehalose protects corneal endothelial cells and suppresses swelling of the cornea after perfusion.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
Since the composition of the present invention is excellent in the protection of intraocular tissues, particularly corneal endothelial cells that are most susceptible to damage during ophthalmic surgery, various ophthalmic surgeries can be performed safely. Moreover, since the trehalose contained therein has a protective effect on corneal epithelial cells, the composition of the present invention can be advantageously used as an eye drop or eye ointment for the treatment of corneal disorders.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the corneal tissue protecting action of the composition of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the protective effect of trehalose on corneal epithelial cells.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the protective effect of trehalose on corneal endothelial cells.

Claims (11)

式(1)
Figure 0004033510
で表される化合物、その酢酸エステル又は硫酸エステル、及びそれらの水和物から選択される1種以上を0.01〜20%の範囲で含有することを特徴とする点眼剤。
Formula (1)
Figure 0004033510
An ophthalmic solution comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the formula:
式(1)で表される化合物、その酢酸エステル又は硫酸エステル、及びそれらの水和物から選択される1種以上を0.01〜3.5%の範囲で含有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の点眼剤。  It contains at least one selected from the compound represented by formula (1), its acetate or sulfate ester, and their hydrates in the range of 0.01 to 3.5%. The eye drop according to Item 1. さらに、塩類を含有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の点眼剤。  The eye drop according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a salt. 塩類が、塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム、塩化カルシウム、硫酸マグネシウム、酢酸ナトリウム、クエン酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、硼砂及びリン酸2水素ナトリウムからなる群から選択される1種以上であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の点眼剤。  The salt is one or more selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium acetate, sodium citrate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, borax and sodium dihydrogen phosphate. The eye drop according to claim 3. さらに、保存剤を含有することを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の点眼剤。  The eye drop according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a preservative. 保存剤が、塩化ベンザルコニウム、クロロブタノール、デヒドロ酢酸ナトリウム、塩化セチルピリジニウム、フェネチルアルコール、パラオキシ安息香酸メチル及び塩化ベンゼトニウムからなる群から選択される1種以上であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の点眼剤。  6. The preservative is one or more selected from the group consisting of benzalkonium chloride, chlorobutanol, sodium dehydroacetate, cetylpyridinium chloride, phenethyl alcohol, methyl paraoxybenzoate, and benzethonium chloride. Eye drops described in 1. 式(1)
Figure 0004033510
で表される化合物、その酢酸エステル又は硫酸エステル、及びそれらの水和物から選択される1種以上を含有することを特徴とする角膜上皮障害の治療又は予防のための点眼剤。
Formula (1)
Figure 0004033510
An eye drop for treatment or prevention of corneal epithelial disorder, comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the formula:
さらに塩類又は保存剤を含有することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の点眼剤。  The ophthalmic solution according to claim 7, further comprising a salt or a preservative. 式(1)
Figure 0004033510
で表される化合物、その酢酸エステル又は硫酸エステル、及びそれらの水和物から選択される1種以上を含有する、角膜上皮細胞を保護するための点眼剤。
Formula (1)
Figure 0004033510
An ophthalmic solution for protecting corneal epithelial cells, comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the formula:
コンタクトレンズの使用時及び/又はドライアイ時における角膜上皮細胞を保護するものである、請求項記載の点眼剤。The ophthalmic solution according to claim 9 , which protects corneal epithelial cells during contact lens use and / or dry eye. さらに塩類又は保存剤を含有することを特徴とする請求項9又は10に記載の点眼剤。  The eye drop according to claim 9 or 10, further comprising a salt or a preservative.
JP34553696A 1995-12-27 1996-12-25 Ophthalmic pharmaceutical composition containing trehalose Expired - Fee Related JP4033510B2 (en)

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CA2355814C (en) 2000-09-14 2010-06-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Hayashibara Seibutsu Kagaku Kenkyujo Pharmaceutical composition for ophthalmic use
JP4982643B2 (en) * 2000-09-14 2012-07-25 株式会社林原 Ophthalmic pharmaceutical composition
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US10493023B2 (en) 2013-05-07 2019-12-03 Seelos Therapeutics, Inc. Treatment of protein aggregation myopathic and neurodegenerative diseases by parenteral administration of trehalose
US10751353B2 (en) 2013-05-07 2020-08-25 Seelos Therapeutics, Inc. Compositions and methods for treating an aggregation disease or disorder
US10869831B2 (en) 2013-05-07 2020-12-22 Seelos Therapeutics, Inc. Treatment of protein aggregation myopathic and neurodegenerative diseases by parenteral administration of trehalose

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