JP4027396B2 - Livestock rearing method using wood chips - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a breeding method for breeding livestock on a floor of wood chips spread in a breeding ground.

  In conventional livestock breeding, a relatively open structure, in other words, a relatively large number of livestock is raised in a barn with a lot of gaps with respect to the outside air, and the disposal of a large amount of livestock is mostly handled. It was done simply by manually discharging it with the old mattress at the time of replacement.

  Traditionally, livestock farms are often disliked because they always have a foul odor around the barn and a large amount of dredging can deteriorate the living environment of neighboring residents. The location of the venue is severely restricted. In particular, since pig farms often use waste food and leftover food for feed, such problems are even more serious because they tend to rot and have a pronounced off-flavor. With conventional breeding methods, labor costs and feed costs are high, and the environment is not always good for the animals being raised, leading to a decline in meat quality and the number of eggs laid under stress, and being susceptible to disease. was there.

In view of the above circumstances, the present invention provides a breeding method that facilitates the management of breeding grounds and breeding animals, reduces breeding costs, eliminates the stress of livestock, and enables the shipment of high-quality livestock. Is.

The present invention provides a breeding method that facilitates the treatment of the excrement of livestock and prevents the generation of malodor from the excrement and feed and the occurrence of drought.

The present invention facilitates the treatment of livestock excrement and enables the shipment of high-quality compost and the return to the field. The present invention further provides a livestock breeding method capable of effectively treating wooden materials and waste wood through livestock breeding.

The livestock feed method of the present invention comprises a farm surrounded by a fence for rearing livestock, wood chips spread on the farm, and feed for rearing livestock, and at least of the wood chips and feed It consists of fermented bacteria cultured on one side.

Since wood chips are used, it is easy to manage after breeding, and fermented bacteria can be used to ferment feed and wood chips, facilitating the treatment of manure, and preventing or reducing malodors even in open environments. In addition, it can be raised in an environment close to grazing for livestock animals, and a favorable environment for health management can be configured.

  The breeding system of the present invention is a facility for breeding livestock animals such as cows, pigs and chickens, and the breeding ground is provided outdoors and surrounded by a fence to breed the animals. In the present invention, the farm is provided with a place for walking and resting of livestock animals by laying wood chips directly or indirectly on the ground. The breeding grounds are provided with livestock feed along with wood chips.

  The wood chip includes wood fragments or cut pieces of an appropriate size, and is arranged in layers on the ground directly or with a waterproof layer on it. For example, the wood chip layer can be divided into a coarse wood chip layer and a fine wood chip layer.

  Wood chips include fine or coarse chips prepared by pulverizing thinned, pruned, rooted, driftwood, etc. with a pulverizer. Wood chips may include sawdust that is discharged during sawing in a sawmill. The wood chip receives an effective fermenting action of the fermenting bacteria, and the fermenting bacteria promote the volume reduction of the wood chips.

In the method of the present invention, since these wood chips can be used chips obtained by cutting felled wood or dead trees from mountain forests, pruned wood from parks or garden trees, or roadside trees, etc. It can be suitably used. Waste building wood generated by demolishing a wooden building can also be used as a wood chip layer by chipping.

  The breeding ground is preferably constructed by providing a waterproof layer on the ground and depositing wood chips in layers on it. The waterproof layer may be a concrete layer, but is preferably one that can prevent excreta such as human waste from a breeding ground from penetrating into the ground and contaminating. In this respect, the waterproof layer may be a resin sheet that is soft, flexible, and hardly damaged, such as a rubber or plastic sheet that is used for waterproofing.

  On the waterproof layer, a filtration layer is preferably provided below the wood chip layer, and the wood chips can be laminated in layers on the filter layer. The filtration layer separates liquid human waste from the wood chip layer, and for convenience, old tatami mats and carpets can be used.

  Furthermore, drainage pipes can be arranged between the waterproof layer and the filtration layer or inside the filtration layer to facilitate drainage. When a layer having a large layer thickness such as an old tatami mat is used as the filter layer, the drain pipe may be embedded in a filter tank such as the inside of the old tatami mat.

  One embodiment includes a filter layer in which a plurality of drain pipes are embedded on a waterproof sheet laid on the ground, for example, an old tatami mat, and a coarse wood chip layer in which coarse chips are collected as a wood chip layer. A structure in which a fine wood chip layer in which fine chips are collected can be laminated.

  Thus, a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the breeding ground includes a waterproof layer laid on the ground, and a water-permeable filter layer disposed on the waterproof layer, the wood chip layer, It consists of a coarse wood chip layer and a fine wood chip layer deposited on the filter layer.

  In yet another embodiment, the farm preferably includes a water collection pit formed on the ground to collect liquid collected from the filtration layer and / or the wood chip layer.

  Furthermore, in the embodiment, a drainage pump that sucks up the liquid accumulated in the water collecting pit and a pipe that sprays liquid such as sewage from above onto the upper surface of the uppermost wood chip layer without being connected to the pump. And a spraying device.

  One example is a water collection pit that is formed on the ground and collects liquid collected by a drain pipe. A pump and a pipe for spraying the liquid accumulated in the water collecting pit on the uppermost fine wood chip layer from above can be provided. Such a drainage facility can prevent the breeding ground from being wet even when the breeding ground is a natural grazing breeding system without a roof or during rainfall of 30 to 80 mm / hr. The water in the catchment pit can be sprinkled from the pit to the breeding ground when it is in good weather, and thus can be evaporated. In addition, the amount and state of the fermenting bacteria can be checked by appropriately pumping liquid from the pit.

The feed used in this system is provided with data suitable for the animals to be bred, but the feed is provided with cereals, minor grains, compound feeds, and pastures and straws. As with conventional pig farms, it includes leftovers, waste processed foods, food processing residue, organic sludge, garbage and livestock excrement.

  In the present invention, fermenting bacteria are blended in either wood chips or feed. The fermenting bacteria are incorporated in the culture substrate and mixed or sprayed on wood chips or feed. Fermentative bacteria can also be added to both wood chips and feed.

  When blended only with wood chips, the fermenter will ferment the cellulose and other wood fibers and other hydrocarbons contained in the chip to produce water and carbon dioxide gas, generate heat, and grow itself, Consume little by little. During fermentation, it contributes to promoting the decomposition of manure and preventing the generation of off-flavor components, thereby reducing the generation of off-flavors. Furthermore, the fermenting bacteria are also converted into feed directly placed in the wood chip layer, thereby making the feed non-brominated.

  When fermenting bacteria are added to the feed, the fermenting bacteria ferment the feed into a useful feed while preventing or delaying the decay of the feed. When fermenting bacteria are added to these feeds and water, certain types of fermenting bacteria are excreted together with livestock excretion, and active fermenting bacteria are excreted. Can be promoted.

  Examples of fermentable fungi that can be obtained as fermentative fungi that can be incorporated into wood chips include lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes, acetic acid producing bacteria, and yeast. In addition, degradable fungi such as starch and protein are selected as fermentative bacteria that can be blended in the feed. Similarly, lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes, acetic acid producing bacteria, yeasts, etc. are known as available fermentative bacteria. ing. When these fermenting bacteria are blended in the feed and the feed is placed directly on the surface of the wood chip, the fermenting bacteria are transferred from the scattered feed to the wood chip.

  Wood chips may be discarded wood from wooden buildings. Building waste wood is wood discharged from the demolition site of wooden buildings and may include various kinds of wood coated with preservatives containing heavy metals. Some fermentative bacteria ingest heavy metals such as cadmium and chromium contained in preservatives during the growth process, thereby detoxifying heavy metals. As such fermenting bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes, acetic acid producing bacteria, yeasts and the like are known. In particular, heavy metals that are harmful to the human body are absorbed and detoxified as a substrate for growth by certain fermentative bacteria, so that livestock can eat fermented wood chips of that type and use it for compost. Even safe. For example, a cadmium compound has a function of degrading by a bacterium and taking cadmium alone as an essential element into the body to eliminate the toxicity of the compound. Even when the fermenting bacteria are mixed only in the feed, if there are harmful components in the feed, they are ingested by the fermenting bacteria during the growth process, and the harmfulness is alleviated.

  In addition, after being ingested by livestock, resident bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract are activated to promote health, and excrement is made non-brominated. It is possible to promote chip weight reduction and to make high-quality compost.

Fermented bacteria have a function of stopping the life activity of spoilage bacteria, so that a spoilage odor does not occur and rarely attracts harmful insects such as spiders.
Fermenting bacteria can be used as useful feed when they are pre-mixed in raw garbage, leftover food, waste food, food processing residues, etc., and fermented, so feed costs can be reduced.

  When blended and used on wood chips of fermenting bacteria, the waste can be left on the wood chips for composting, so manpower for waste disposal can be saved. As mentioned above, there is no rot odor, and the reduction of harmful insects such as moths makes it possible to make the breeding place relatively wide with the relaxation of environmental constraints of the place where the system is installed. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the stress of livestock and to expect the shipment of high quality meat livestock and high quality eggs.

  The fermentative bacteria may be used by culturing lactic acid bacteria collected from plants or soil near the breeding ground using a culture apparatus. When culturing fermentative bacteria, an appropriate organic material substrate is refined to a micron level with an ultrafine device in advance, and the microorganisms to be cultured together with the organic particles that have been refined in the culture tank, The culture is preferably performed under the growth conditions described below.

  In the ultrafine device, the organic matter added to the high-speed water stream is subjected to the impact force of the high-speed water stream, the shearing force due to the speed difference of the high-speed water stream, or the bubble rupture due to the cavitation of the high-speed water stream. An apparatus capable of refining organic matter under impact force can be preferably used. An example of such a device uses a container in which a circulating water channel is formed in the middle of a double cylinder, arranges a nozzle that discharges a high-speed water flow to create a high-speed water flow in the circulating water channel, and peeks at the high-speed water flow on the inner cylinder wall A slit is formed, and the container is provided with a pipe for discharging a part of the high-speed water flow. The slurry containing organic matter is supplied from the inner cylinder through the slit at right angles to the high-speed water flow, and the organic particles are broken down and refined by the shearing force of the high-speed water flow, and a part of the high-speed water flow is discharged from the discharge pipe. It is possible to discharge and take out fine organic particles.

  The organic matter for culturing can also be used as the above-mentioned feed, such as raw garbage and residue, waste processed food, food processed residue, and organic sludge, and wood chips can be used.

  These organic matter and chips are coarsely crushed and then finely divided by the above-described atomization apparatus. In the culture tank, a slurry containing these finely divided organic matter particles is supplied, and the specific growth as described above is performed. Growing fermenting bacteria under conditions.

In the culturing process, a specific fermented fungus is grown under culture conditions so as to suppress the growth of miscellaneous fungi. The slurry containing the fermenting bacteria and organic particles cultured in the culture tank is appropriately blended as a fermentation base in feed, wood chips, or a wood chip layer already spread on a breeding ground. The blending is preferably performed by dispersing the slurry using an appropriate watering device or piping. In this way, the breeding method of the present invention can appropriately spray fermenting bacteria on wood chips and feed.

  Sometimes, a slurry containing fermenting bacteria and wood chips are mixed, and the fermenting bacteria mixed chips are appropriately laid on a breeding ground in a wet or dry state to be stratified into a wood chip layer. Preferably, the above-mentioned fermented bacteria mixed chip is always stored at an appropriate humidity as a fermentation base, and at the time of blending, the fermented bacteria mixed chip is mixed with a large amount of separately prepared wood chips and laid in a breeding ground You can also. Alternatively, the fermentation base material may be spread on the wood chip layer on which the fermentation base is mixed.

Furthermore, the fermenting bacteria preferably include photosynthetic bacteria having a symbiotic relationship with the fermenting bacteria such as the lactic acid bacteria, and the photosynthetic bacteria have a function of enhancing the activity of the fermenting bacteria and promoting growth. The photosynthetic bacteria are rich in excellent nutrients such as amino acids, minerals, and vitamins, and the cells themselves are useful as organic fertilizers. Actively use hydrogen sulfide generated by sulfate-reducing bacteria during spoilage as a nutrient source. In addition, toxic amines such as putrescine and cataverine, and teratogenic dimethylnitrosamine are also favored as substrates and decomposed and removed. Furthermore, when photosynthetic bacteria are reduced to green farmland, they not only decompose and remove harmful substances that the roots of crops dislike, protect root respiration and nutrient metabolism, and also perform nitrogen fixation to increase crop yields. As described above, it is rich in nutrients and is preferably used as a substrate by actinomycetes in the soil, so that the growth of actinomycetes is also promoted. The propagated actinomycetes kill and kill the phytopathogenic filamentous fungi, and act to control continuous cropping damage caused by the phytopathogenic filamentous fungi.
For such photosynthetic bacteria, red non-sulfur bacteria group (Phodospirillaceac family) and the like are used, for example, available under the trade name `` Geeland fermentation bacteria group '' from Higashi Nihon Girant, It has a great effect of promoting the fermentation decomposition of organic substances by lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus subtilis.

  The photosynthetic bacteria may be added in advance during the cultivation process of fermenting bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria to increase the culture speed, or may be added to the fermentation bacteria slurry in the process of blending feed or wood chips, The mixed slurry may be spread on a wood chip or the like. Further, the photosynthetic bacteria may be added on the wood chip layer in which the base of the fermenting bacteria is already blended in the breeding ground.

FIG. 1 shows a pig farming system 1 using wood chips as an embodiment of the present invention. In this example, about 30 pigs 40 are placed in a breeding ground 10 of about 300 m ² surrounded by a fence 11. Rearing.

  The breeding ground includes a wood chip floor 17 laid in a large amount in layers, and a feed 20 that is placed directly on the wood chip floor 17 at a plurality of locations and fed to the pigs 40. 20 is mixed in both. In this breeding ground, the excrement 45 of the pig 40 is also left on the wood chip floor 17, mixed as appropriate, fermented together with the wood chip floor 17 by the fermenter 30 as described later, and supplied to high-quality compost. It is.

  The breeding ground 10 digs down the ground surface to form a concave 13 having a depth of about 2.5 m, and forms a fill 12 around it. A fence 11 is provided on the embankment 12. On the dug ground, a vinyl chloride water-resistant sheet 14 is laid as a waterproof layer, and a large number of old tatami mats are laid on the sheet 14 as filtration tanks. A pipe 15 is embedded. On the filter layer 16, a coarse wood chip layer 17a having a thickness of about 50 cm is laid, and a fine wood chip layer 17b is laid thereon. The coarse wood chip layer 17a and the fine wood chip layer 17b are alternately stacked to form a chip layer 17 having a thickness of about 2 m.

Further, it is preferable that the trees 11a are planted in the shade from the south side to the west side of the breeding ground, near the breeding ground. Trees may be appropriately planted inside the breeding ground.

  In this example, a water collecting pit 18 made of waterproof concrete is provided at the bottom of the concave 13, and a water collecting pipe 15 has a cylindrical portion that is open to the atmosphere at the upper end through the bottom portion and the chip floor 17. Arranged to collect the liquid.

  The water collecting pit 18 accommodates an underwater pump 19a for pumping up liquid such as accumulated rainwater and human urine, and is connected to a spray pipe 19b when sprayed from above on the finest fine wood chip layer 17b. With the sprayed liquid, the chip layer can be kept wet, with some remaining evaporating, the rest giving moisture, maintaining the fermentation of the chip by the fermenting bacteria, and sometimes facilitating.

  In this example, coarse chips are produced on the coarse wood chip layer 17a by pulverizing thinned and pruned wood with a pulverizer, and the width or diameter is about 0.5 to 1.0 mm and the length is 5 mm. It is used as about ~ 20mm. Further, sawdust discharged from the sawmill is used for the fine wood chip layer 17b.

  An example of a pulverizer 50 for making coarse or fine chips from wood is shown in FIG. 2, and the pulverizer 50 performs a pulverization operation on the piece of wood W introduced from the upper opening 52 of the casing 51. A crushing working chamber 53 is provided, and a crushing rotor 54 is rotatably supported around a horizontal axis at a lower front portion of the crushing working chamber 53, and a plurality of crushing is provided around the rotor 54 in the axial direction and the circumferential direction. The blade 55 is arranged, and the rotor is rotated by the motor M in the direction of the arrow R1 through a transmission device (not shown).

  A forced feed base 56 equipped with a pusher 56a reciprocatingly driven by the cylinder C1 is provided at the end of the grinding work chamber side, the pusher 56a is brought close to the fixed blade 57, and the object to be crushed is fixed. Crushing work between.

  In the lower discharge port 53a of the grinding work chamber 53, particle size selection is performed by a screen 58 covering the rotor 54 so as to be replaceable over almost a half circumference. By replacing the screen 58 with an appropriate fine mesh, fine chips with different dimensions can be produced.

  In order to replace the screen 58 and maintain the rotor 54, the front portion 51a of the casing 51 can be opened and closed by the cylinder C2, and is locked by the cylinder C3. A suppression plate 59 is provided to suppress the inserted piece of wood W from above.

  As for feed, pig feed 22 includes garbage and leftover food from homes and restaurants, expired waste food from food stores, food processing residues from various food processing plants, and livestock excretion from the livestock industry. Such feed 21a is widely used.

  These feeds are fed to pigs by placing a large amount of fermenting bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria in a container or directly on the wood chip floor layer 17. Water 21b is also put in a container, and a large amount of fermenting bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria is added, which is swallowed by pigs.

  When raising the fertility of pigs, clover, comfrey, green-grown barley, potatoes, grasses and wild grasses are given as appropriate.

  Bacteria and fungi that effectively ferment wood chips and feeds are used as fermentative bacteria to be mixed in wood chips or feeds. In this example, lactobacilli that are lactic acid bacteria are used as the fermenting bacteria. .

  In the present pig farming system 1 of this example, fermenting bacteria use lactic acid bacteria collected from plants and soil near the breeding ground 10, and are used after being cultured in large quantities by a culture apparatus.

  The culture apparatus for fermenting bacteria used in the present pig farming system 1 is composed of a micronization unit for refining the organic material of the fermentation base, and a culture tank for culturing the fermenting fungus together with the refined organic material. The atomizing section 60 is preferably one that atomizes an organic substance by a high-speed water impact force, a shearing force due to a large water flow velocity difference, and an ultrasonic wave of bubble rupture. For example, as shown in FIG. Is formed of a top plate 61a, a bottom plate 61b, and a peripheral wall 61c, and a cylindrical inner wall 62a is provided concentrically inside to form an outer annular channel 63a and a lumen chamber 63b.

  A discharge port portion 64a of the water jet pipe 64 is attached from the tangential direction to the inside near the bottom plate 61b of the peripheral wall 61c, and a high-speed water flow F circulating in the annular flow path 63a is generated by the water flow supplied from the high-pressure pump P. Let In order to make the organic slurry S, which is a culture medium to be atomized, collide with the high-speed water flow F at a substantially right angle, a plurality of elongated slots 65a are formed in the cylindrical inner wall 62a, and the slurry supply pipe 65 is opened to the lumen chamber 63b. Attached to the plate 61a, the slurry S is supplied from the vertically long slot 65a to the annular channel 63a through the lumen chamber 63b.

  In the mixing region A coming out of the slot 65a, the organic matter in the slurry S is compressed by impact, sheared and cavitation by the high-speed water flow F, and along the outer surface of the high-speed water flow F and the cylindrical inner wall 62a and the inner surface of the peripheral wall 61c. It atomizes to 1-10 micrometers by the shear by the big speed difference with adhesion water. A bubble generator that mixes bubbles into the water flow from the water ejection pipe 64 may be attached to the water ejection pipe 64.

  The culture tank is supplied with a part of the high-speed water stream F containing the organic matter that has been atomized and increased in specific surface area as described above from the discharge pipe 65, and the organic matter is used as a culture substrate to suppress various germs and to propagate specific bacterial species. Cultivate bacteria under excellent culture conditions.

If the specific surface area of a spherical organic substance having a radius of 1 mm is only 0.00120 m ² / g but is refined into a spherical shape having a radius of 0.0001 mm, the specific surface area is calculated to be 12.0 m ^2. Therefore, a large number of fermenting bacteria can adhere to the surface of the refined particles, and the fermenting bacteria can be efficiently cultured in a large amount in a culture tank. it can. As the organic matter, the above-mentioned food waste and wood chips are used.

  The slurry containing the lactic acid bacteria cultivated in the culture tank contains the fermenting bacteria using the slurry as a base material, and is appropriately or periodically sprayed on the wood chip layer and added to the chip layer of the breeding ground. As a result, the wood chip in the breeding ground can continue fermentation while decomposing the wood, although it depends on the temperature of the wood chip layer in an environment for raising livestock. Due to continuous fermentation, pig manure taken into the wood layer can be quickly decomposed, produces less off-flavors, and is effective in improving the surrounding environment.

As the decomposition of the wood chips progresses, the wood chip layer is reduced in volume. In accordance with this, the wood chips are replenished sequentially, and at the time of replenishment or separately, the above fermentation substrate, for example, fermentation. The slurry containing the fungus is mixed with the wood chip or sprayed onto the wood chip layer to replenish the fermented bacteria. As a result, the wood chip layer is formed with a region in which the one or more kinds of the added fermented bacteria are dominantly controlled.

In the above examples, the method of raising pigs using wood chips has been described. However, there is only a difference in feed and the scale of the breeding ground, and basically it is also used for raising other livestock such as cattle and chickens. Applicable.

It is a typical longitudinal section showing a pig raising system of an example of the present invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the ultrafine grinding | pulverization apparatus used for the production | generation of the wood chip used in the pig raising system of the Example of this invention. The organic refinement | miniaturization part of the culture apparatus used for culture | cultivation of the fermenting microbe in the pig raising system of the Example of this invention is shown, (A) is a partially notched cross-sectional view, (B) is a partially notched longitudinal cross-section. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

1 Pig farming system 10 Farm 11 Fence 13 Ground (concave)
14 Tarpaulin 15 Drainage pipe 16 Filter layer 17 Wood chip layer 17a Coarse wood chip layer 17b Fine wood chip layer 18 Pit 19a pump 19b piping 40 Livestock (pig)
50 Crusher 60 Culture equipment

Claims (4)

A farm surrounded by a fence for raising livestock; a wood chip layer in which wood chips are laid on the ground of the farm; and a feed for raising livestock. In the method of raising livestock in a breeding ground that is composed of fermented bacteria cultured on one side,
The fermenting bacterium includes at least lactic acid bacteria and actinomycetes, and the organic material base is refined to 1 to 10 μm in advance, and after this is grown and cultured as a culture base material, it is used in combination with at least one of the wood chip layer and the feed. Characteristic livestock breeding method.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the lactic acid bacterium is a lactic acid bacterium obtained by harvesting from a plant or soil and culturing the lactic acid bacterium with a culture apparatus.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the fermenting bacterium comprises a photosynthetic bacterium represented by a red non-sulfur bacterium group.   The wood chip contains crushed waste wood generated by the demolition of a wooden building, and is composed of a coarse wood chip having an average width of 0.5 to 1.0 mm and a length of 5 to 20 mm and a fine wood chip smaller than that. The method of claim 1.

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