JP4018562B2 - Gasification melting furnace - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a gasification melting furnace for melting a melting target object such as a thermal decomposition residue generated when processing general waste or industrial waste.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Usually, when processing general waste such as municipal waste and industrial waste, a device that puts the waste in a pyrolysis reactor and heats it in a low oxygen atmosphere to decompose it into pyrolysis gas and solid residue is widely used. It has been.
[0003]
Further, in this apparatus, pyrolysis gas is used as fuel gas for reforming and purification. On the other hand, the solid residue is sent as a fuel to a gasification and melting furnace and gasified in the gasification and melting furnace to generate fuel gas, and the ash in the solid residue is melted to generate molten slag.
[0004]
Next, the configuration of the conventional gasification melting furnace as described above will be described with reference to FIG. 6 which is an elevational sectional view showing the configuration of the gasification melting furnace. The details of the waste treatment method using such a gasification and melting furnace are detailed in, for example, Patent Document 1, and the details of the configuration of this type of gasification and melting furnace are described in, for example, Patent Document 2.
[0005]
That is, in the gasification melting furnace 50 according to the prior art, for example, air is supplied to the main burner 23 as a solid residue as a fuel and as an oxidant. In the main burner 23, the supplied oxidant and solid residue are mixed and ignited, and a flame F is formed inside the melting furnace body 14. In the flame F, the carbon content contained in the solid residue is gasified into carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
[0006]
The ash content in the solid residue is melted by the reaction heat in the gasification, becomes molten slag M, falls in the internal space of the melting furnace main body 14, and is captured by the slag reservoir 16 provided on the hearth.
[0007]
This molten slag M is sufficiently superheated in the slag reservoir 16, overflows after stabilization, and moves to the weir 18. As shown in FIG. 7, the weir 18 moves to the slag discharge port 20 along the slag flow path 21 and is discharged from the slag discharge port 20 opened downward to the outside of the melting furnace main body 14. Product gases such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide also move along the internal space of the melting furnace body 14 and are discharged from the slag discharge port 20 to the outside of the melting furnace body 14.
[0008]
On the other hand, among the ash content in the solid residue, those that are particularly fine particles become mist-like slag S that is fine particle-like molten slag. This mist-like slag S falls in the internal space of the melting furnace main body 14 in the same manner as the molten slag M, and is transported by generated gas and moved to the slag discharge port 20 side in addition to being captured by the slag reservoir 16. There is also.
[0009]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-360998
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-26333
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, such a conventional gasification melting furnace has the following problems.
[0012]
That is, the diameter of the slag discharge port 20 is narrower than the upstream side and the downstream side by the weir 18 and the throttle member 22. Such a configuration acts as a throttle when viewed as a flow path for the product gas. Therefore, if the mist-like slag S collides with the slag discharge port 20 and is captured on the upper portion of the throttle member 22 as shown in FIG. 6, for example, this may solidify and block the slag discharge port 20. There's a problem.
[0013]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and by preventing the mist-like slag from moving toward the slag outlet, it is possible to prevent the slag outlet from being blocked by the mist-like slag. An object is to provide a possible gasification melting furnace.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention takes the following measures.
[0015]
That is, the invention of claim 1 gasifies the carbon content in the pyrolysis residue obtained by pyrolyzing the waste to produce a combustible fuel gas, and the reaction heat in the gasification causes the pyrolysis residue in the pyrolysis residue. In a gasification and melting furnace that melts ash to form molten slag and discharges molten slag from a slag discharge port that opens downward, the slag discharge port extends in a substantially horizontal direction and the molten slag extends in a substantially horizontal direction. Weirs with guides to the side and molten slag droplets that move with the generated combustible fuel gas will not adhere to and solidify around the slag discharge port and block the slag discharge port In addition, a plurality of barriers are provided on the upstream side of the slag discharge port so as to extend in a substantially vertical direction so as to remove droplets of the molten slag so as not to move to the slag discharge port side . The plurality of barriers are arranged so that at least one of the barriers does not block the weir, the diameter is smaller than the diameter of the slag discharge port , and molten slag droplets are directed to the slag discharge port side. It arrange | positions so that the gas passage port which guides may be formed.
[0016]
Therefore, in the gasification melting furnace according to the first aspect of the invention, by taking the above-described means, it is possible to efficiently remove the molten slag droplets and not reach the slag discharge port. As a result, it is possible to prevent the slag discharge port from being blocked by the molten slag droplets.
[0023]
A plurality of invention of claim 2, in the gasification melting furnace of the invention of claim 1, for droplets of molten slag which is removed by the barrier when adhered to the barrier to flow down adhering droplets from the barrier A heating means for heating at least one of the barriers is added.
[0024]
Therefore, in the gasification melting furnace according to the second aspect of the present invention, by taking the above measures, the solidification of the molten slag droplets adhering to the barrier is prevented and the adhered molten slag droplets can be easily removed. Can flow down from the barrier. As a result, the ability to remove molten slag droplets by the barrier can be maintained.
[0025]
The invention of claim 3 uses a burner as the heating means in the gasification melting furnace of claim 2 of the invention.
[0026]
Therefore, in the gasification melting furnace according to the third aspect of the invention, the barrier can be effectively heated using the burner by taking the above-described means. As a result, the molten slag droplets adhering to the barrier can be prevented from solidifying, and the adhered molten slag droplets can easily flow down from the barrier. Can be maintained.
[0027]
A fourth aspect of the present invention, the gasification and melting furnace for wastes according to claim 1, comprising adding at least one oxidant supply nozzle for supplying a spray-like oxidizing agent to the wall surface of the plurality of barriers.
[0028]
Therefore, in the gasification melting furnace of the invention of claim 4 , the barrier can be efficiently heated by taking the above-described means. As a result, the molten slag droplets adhering to the barrier can be prevented from solidifying, and the adhered molten slag droplets can easily flow down from the barrier. Can be maintained.
[0029]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the gasification melting furnace according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the oxidizing agent is combustion air.
[0030]
Therefore, in the gasification melting furnace according to the fifth aspect of the invention, the barrier can be efficiently heated by taking the above-described means. As a result, the molten slag droplets adhering to the barrier can be prevented from solidifying, and the adhered molten slag droplets can easily flow down from the barrier. Can be maintained.
[0031]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0032]
In addition, the code | symbol in the figure used for description of each following embodiment attaches | subjects and shows the same code | symbol about the same part as FIG. 6 and FIG.
[0033]
(First embodiment)
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
[0034]
FIG. 1 is an elevational sectional view showing a configuration example of a gasification melting furnace according to the first embodiment.
[0035]
That is, the gasification melting furnace 10 according to the present embodiment has a vertical direction from the ceiling portion 19 above the weir 18 in the internal space of the conventional gasification melting furnace 50 shown in FIG. It is set as the structure which added the barrier | block 24 extended in this.
[0036]
Next, the operation of the gasification melting furnace 10 according to the present embodiment configured as described above will be described.
[0037]
In the gasification melting furnace 10 according to the present embodiment, a solid residue is supplied to the main burner 23 as a fuel and, for example, air as an oxidant. In the main burner 23, the supplied oxidant and solid residue are mixed and ignited, and a flame F is formed inside the melting furnace body 14. In the flame F, the carbon content contained in the solid residue is gasified into carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
[0038]
The ash content in the solid residue is melted by the reaction heat in the gasification, becomes molten slag M, falls in the internal space of the melting furnace main body 14, and is captured by the slag reservoir 16 provided on the hearth.
[0039]
The molten slag M is sufficiently overheated in the slag reservoir 16 and stabilized, and then overflows the weir 18 and moves to the slag discharge port 20 side along the slag flow bottom 21 and opens downward. The slag discharge port 20 is discharged to the outside of the melting furnace main body 14.
[0040]
Further, the generated gas such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide also moves in the interior space of the melting furnace main body 14 along the direction indicated by the arrow in the figure, and finally from the slag discharge port 20 to the outside of the melting furnace main body 14. Is discharged.
[0041]
On the other hand, among the ash content in the solid residue, those that are particularly fine particles become mist-like slag S that is fine particle-like molten slag. The mist slag S passes through two movement paths.
[0042]
That is, a part of the mist-like slag S falls in the internal space of the melting furnace main body 14 in the same manner as the molten slag M, and is captured by the slag reservoir 16. The other mist-like slag S is accompanied by the generated gas and moves above the weir 18 from the left to the right in the figure. The mist-like slag S entrained in the product gas in this way is removed by the barrier 24 as described below.
[0043]
That is, a barrier 24 is provided above the weir 18. The barrier 24 is provided so as to extend in the vertical direction, which is a direction substantially orthogonal to the product gas moving in the horizontal direction from the left to the right in the drawing. Therefore, the mist-like slag S moving with the generated gas collides with the barrier 24 and is easily removed.
[0044]
In this way, since the mist slag S is almost removed by the barrier 24, the slag discharge port can be prevented from being blocked by the droplets of the mist slag S. The mist slag S removed by the barrier 24 flows down along the surface of the barrier 24 and is collected in the slag reservoir 16.
[0045]
As described above, in the gasification melting furnace according to the present embodiment, the mist-like slag S accompanying the product gas can be efficiently removed by the barrier 24 by the above-described action.
[0046]
This prevents the mist-like slag S from reaching the slag discharge port 20 and prevents the slag discharge port 20 from being blocked by the mist-like slag S.
[0047]
(Second Embodiment)
A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0048]
FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view showing a configuration example of a gasification melting furnace according to the second embodiment. The same parts as those in FIG. Only about.
[0049]
That is, the gasification melting furnace 11 according to the present embodiment is a modification of the gasification melting furnace 10 according to the first embodiment, and the gasification melting furnace 10 according to the first embodiment includes: A barrier 25 extending from the weir 18 toward the upper ceiling portion 19, that is, from the weir 18 in the vertical direction, is added. The barrier 24 and the barrier 25 form a flow path for the product gas that is zigzag in the vertical direction. Further, the diameter of the formed flow path is made smaller than the diameter of the slag discharge port 20.
[0050]
As shown in FIG. 3, the barrier 25 is provided with the slag flow bottom 21, so that the slag overflow from the slag reservoir 16 is not hindered.
[0051]
Next, the operation of the gasification melting furnace 11 according to the present embodiment configured as described above will be described.
[0052]
As described in the first embodiment, in the gasification melting furnace 11 according to the present embodiment, a solid residue as a fuel and, for example, air as an oxidant are supplied to the main burner 23. These are mixed and ignited to form a flame F. In the flame F, the carbon content contained in the solid residue is gasified into carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
[0053]
Then, the ash content in the solid residue becomes molten slag M and falls in the internal space of the melting furnace body 14 and is captured by the slag reservoir 16. The molten slag M is sufficiently overheated in the slag reservoir 16 and stabilized, and then overflows the weir 18 and is discharged from the slag discharge port 20 to the outside of the melting furnace main body 14 through the slag flow bottom 21. Is done.
[0054]
In addition, generated gases such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide also move in the interior space of the melting furnace body 14 along the direction indicated by the arrow in the figure, and are discharged from the slag discharge port 20 to the outside of the melting furnace body 14. The
[0055]
Among the ash content in the solid residue, those that are particularly fine particles become mist-like slag S that is fine-particle molten slag. A part of the mist-like slag S falls in the internal space of the melting furnace main body 14 like the molten slag M, and is captured by the slag reservoir 16. The other mist-like slag S is accompanied by the generated gas and moves toward the slag discharge port 20 along the zigzag flow path formed by the barrier 24 and the barrier 25 above the weir 18. The mist slag S entrained in the generated gas in this way is efficiently removed by the barrier 24 and the barrier 25 as described below.
[0056]
The barrier 24 is provided so as to extend in a direction substantially perpendicular to the moving direction of the product gas that moves in the vertical direction, that is, from the left to the right in the drawing, in a substantially horizontal direction. Therefore, the mist-like slag S moving with the generated gas collides with the barrier 24 and is removed.
[0057]
Further, the barrier 25 is provided so as to extend from below to above so as to be parallel to the barrier 24. Therefore, the mist slag S that has not been removed by the barrier 24 collides with the barrier 25 when the mist slag S is moved to the slag discharge port 20 side along with the generated gas. As a result, the mist-like slag S that has not been removed by the barrier 24 is removed by the barrier 25.
[0058]
In this way, in addition to the mist-like slag S being removed by the barrier 24, the mist-like slag S that is not removed by the barrier 24 is removed by the barrier 25. Moreover, since the diameter of the zigzag channel formed by the barrier 24 and the barrier 25 is narrower than the diameter of the slag discharge port 20, the surface area ratio of the barriers 24 and 25 in this channel is high. As a result, the removal efficiency of the mist slag S by the barriers 24 and 25 is further enhanced, the movement of the mist slag S to the slag discharge port 20 is effectively prevented, and the slag discharge port 20 is blocked. Can be blocked.
[0059]
The mist slag S removed by the barrier 24 flows down along the surface of the barrier 24 and is collected in the slag reservoir 16. Further, the mist-like slag S removed by the barrier 25 flows down to the weir 18 along the surface of the barrier 25 and moves to the slag discharge port 20 along the slag flow stop 21.
[0060]
As described above, in the gasification melting furnace according to the present embodiment, the mist-like slag S accompanying the product gas can be efficiently removed by the barrier 24 and the barrier 25 by the above-described action. .
[0061]
This prevents the mist-like slag S from reaching the slag discharge port 20 and prevents the slag discharge port 20 from being blocked by the mist-like slag S.
[0062]
In this embodiment, an example using two barriers 24 and 25 has been described. However, the number of barriers is not limited to two, and may be three or more. The greater the number of barriers, the higher the removal efficiency of the mist slag S.
[0063]
(Third embodiment)
A third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
[0064]
FIG. 4 is an elevational sectional view showing a configuration example of a gasification melting furnace according to the third embodiment. The same parts as those in FIG. Only about.
[0065]
That is, the gasification melting furnace 12 according to the present embodiment is a modification of the gasification melting furnace 11 according to the second embodiment, and the gasification melting furnace 11 according to the second embodiment includes: A wall surface heating burner 30 for heating the wall surface of the barrier 24 is added.
[0066]
The wall surface heating burner 30 is supplied with fuel and oxidant, and heats the wall surface of the barrier 24 by burning the fuel using the supplied oxidant. For example, a combustible gas such as city gas is used as the fuel, and air or combustion air is used as the oxidant. When supplying the oxidant, the wall surface heating burner 30 has a nozzle function, and the entire wall surface is efficiently burned by spraying the oxidant atomized by the nozzle function over the entire wall surface of the barrier 24. You may do it.
[0067]
Next, the operation of the gasification melting furnace 12 according to the present embodiment configured as described above will be described.
[0068]
In other words, the gasification melting furnace 12 according to the present embodiment is provided with a wall surface heating burner 30 for heating the wall surface of the barrier 24. Since the fuel and the oxidant are supplied to the wall surface heating burner 30, the wall surface of the barrier 24 is heated by burning the fuel using the oxidant.
[0069]
As a result, solidification of the mist-like slag S adhering to the barrier 24 is prevented, and the mist-like slag S easily flows down along the wall surface of the barrier 24 and is collected in the slag reservoir 16. As a result, the mist slag S adhering to the barrier 24 is quickly removed from the wall surface, so that the ability to remove the mist slag S by the barrier 24 is maintained over the operation period of the gasification melting furnace 12.
[0070]
As described above, in the gasification melting furnace 12 according to the present embodiment, the operation and effects obtained in the second embodiment can be achieved over the operation period by the above-described operation.
[0071]
In the present embodiment, the case where the barrier 24 is heated by the wall surface heating burner 30 has been described as an example, but in addition, a burner for heating the barrier 25 may be provided. Even when the barrier 25 is heated by this burner, the ability of the mist-like slag S to be removed by the barrier 25 is maintained over the operation period of the gasification melting furnace 12.
[0072]
(Fourth embodiment)
A fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
[0073]
FIG. 5 is an elevational sectional view showing a configuration example of a gasification melting furnace according to the fourth embodiment. The same parts as those in FIG. Only about.
[0074]
That is, the gasification melting furnace 13 according to the present embodiment is a modification of the gasification melting furnace 12 according to the third embodiment, and is a wall surface in the gasification melting furnace 12 according to the third embodiment. Instead of the heating burner 30, an oxidant supply nozzle 32 is added.
[0075]
The oxidant supply nozzle 32 atomizes, for example, oxygen, air, or combustion air, and sprays it over the entire wall surface of the barrier 24. Since the internal space of the melting furnace main body 14 of the gasification melting furnace 13 according to the present embodiment is a high-temperature and low-oxygen atmosphere filled with carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide, oxygen, air, or combustion air that is an oxidant is used. When atomized and sprayed on the entire wall surface of the barrier 24, these oxides burn, and the entire wall surface of the barrier 24 is efficiently heated.
[0076]
Even with such a configuration, the entire wall surface of the barrier 24 can be efficiently heated. Thus, as in the third embodiment, the effect obtained in the second embodiment over the operation period. There is an effect.
[0077]
As mentioned above, although preferred embodiment of this invention was described referring an accompanying drawing, this invention is not limited to this structure. Within the scope of the invented technical idea of the scope of claims, a person skilled in the art can conceive of various changes and modifications. The technical scope of the present invention is also applicable to these changes and modifications. It is understood that it belongs to.
[0078]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to prevent the mist from being moved to the slag discharge port side by removing the mist-like slag. As described above, a gasification melting furnace capable of preventing the slag discharge port from being blocked by the mist-like slag can be realized.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a sectional elevation view showing a configuration example of a gasification melting furnace according to a first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a sectional elevation view showing a configuration example of a gasification melting furnace according to a second embodiment. 3] A perspective view showing a connection state between a barrier and a weir. [FIG. 4] An elevational sectional view showing a configuration example of a gasification melting furnace according to the third embodiment. [FIG. 5] A gas according to the fourth embodiment. Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional view showing a configuration example of a gasification melting furnace according to the prior art. Fig. 7 is a perspective view showing a detailed configuration of a weir.
F: Flame, M: Molten slag, S: Mist slag, 10, 11, 12, 13, 50 ... Gasification melting furnace, 14 ... Melting furnace body, 16 ... Slag reservoir, 18 ... Weir, 19 ... Ceiling part, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 20 ... Slag discharge port, 21 ... Slag flow down, 22 ... Throttling member, 23 ... Main burner, 24, 25 ... Barrier, 28 ... Slag overflow hole, 30 ... Wall surface heating burner, 32 ... Oxidant supply nozzle

Claims (5)

The combustible fuel gas is generated by gasifying the carbon content in the pyrolysis residue obtained by pyrolyzing the waste, and the ash content in the pyrolysis residue is melted by the heat of reaction in this gasification to form molten slag. In the gasification melting furnace for discharging the molten slag from the slag discharge port that opens downward,
A weir that is provided extending in a substantially horizontal direction and provided with a guide for guiding the molten slag to the slag discharge port side in a substantially horizontal direction;
The molten slag droplets that move with the generated combustible fuel gas adhere and solidify around the slag discharge port so as not to block the slag discharge port. And a plurality of barriers that extend substantially vertically in the upstream side, remove droplets of the molten slag, and prevent the molten slag from moving to the slag discharge port side ,
The plurality of barriers are arranged so that at least one of the barriers does not block the insulator on the weir, and the diameter of the plurality of barriers is smaller than the diameter of the slag discharge port. A gasification melting furnace arranged so as to form a zigzag-shaped gas passage port that leads to the discharge port side. In the gasification melting furnace according to claim 1 ,
When a molten slag droplet removed by the barrier adheres to the barrier , heating means for heating at least one of the plurality of barriers is added to cause the adhered droplet to flow down from the barrier. Gasification melting furnace. The gasification melting furnace according to claim 2 , wherein a burner is used as the heating means. In the gasification melting furnace according to claim 1 ,
Gasification melting furnace with the addition of oxidizing agent supply nozzle for supplying at least one atomized oxidizing agent to the wall surface of the plurality of barrier. The gasification melting furnace of Claim 4 which used the said oxidizing agent as combustion air.

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