JP2004271120A - Gasification melting furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gasification melting furnace with a slag discharge port free from blockage due to mist slag. <P>SOLUTION: In the gasification melting furnace, carbon components in pyrogenuous residues obtained by the pyrolysis of wastes are gasified to produce flammable fuel gas and ash components in the pyrogenuous residues are melted by reaction heat in the process of the gasification to produce molten slag M which is discharged from the slag discharge port 22 opened at the lower part. To prevent the mist slag S moving along with the produced flammable fuel gas from being deposited and coagulated around the slag discharge port 22 to block the slag discharge port 22, a barrier 24 is provided on the upstream side of the slag discharge port 22 which removes the mist slag S and avoids it from moving to the side of the slug discharge port 22. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a gasification and melting furnace for melting and processing an object to be melted such as a pyrolysis residue generated when processing general waste or industrial waste.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Generally, when treating general waste such as municipal solid waste and industrial waste, equipment that puts waste into a pyrolysis reactor, heats it in a low oxygen atmosphere, and decomposes it into pyrolysis gas and solid residues is widely used. Have been.
[0003]
Further, in this apparatus, the pyrolysis gas is used as a fuel gas after reforming and refining. On the other hand, the solid residue is sent as a fuel to a gasification and melting furnace, where it is gasified and fuel gas is generated, and the ash in the solid residue is melted to generate a molten slag.
[0004]
Next, the configuration of the gasification and melting furnace according to the related art as described above will be described with reference to FIG. 6, which is a vertical sectional view showing the configuration of the gasification and melting furnace. It should be noted that the details of such a waste gas treatment method using a gasification and melting furnace are described in, for example, Patent Document 1 and the details of the configuration of this type of gasification and melting furnace are described in, for example, Patent Document 2.
[0005]
That is, in the gasification and melting furnace 50 according to the prior art, the solid residue is supplied to the main burner 23 as a fuel and the oxidant, for example, air. In the main burner 23, the supplied oxidizing agent and the solid residue are mixed and ignited, and a flame F is formed inside the melting furnace main body 14. In this flame F, the carbon content contained in the solid residue is gasified into carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
[0006]
The ash in the solid residue is melted by the reaction heat in the gasification, becomes molten slag M, falls in the internal space of the melting furnace main body 14, and is captured by the slag reservoir 16 provided on the hearth.
[0007]
The molten slag M is sufficiently heated in the slag reservoir 16, overflows after being stabilized, and moves to the weir 18. As shown in FIG. 7, the weir 18 shifts to a slag discharge port 20 along a slag flow trough 21 and is discharged from the slag discharge port 20 opening downward to the outside of the melting furnace body 14. The generated gas such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide also moves along the inside space of the melting furnace main body 14 and is discharged from the slag discharge port 20 to the outside of the melting furnace main body 14.
[0008]
On the other hand, among the ash components in the solid residue, those which are particularly fine particles become mist-like slags S which are fine slag particles. This mist-like slag S falls in the internal space of the melting furnace body 14 similarly to the molten slag M, and is not only captured by the slag reservoir 16 but also carried by the generated gas and moved to the slag discharge port 20 side. There is also.
[0009]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-9-360998
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-10-26333
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, such a conventional gasification and melting furnace has the following problems.
[0012]
That is, the diameter of the slag discharge port 20 is narrowed by the weir 18 and the throttle member 22 from the upstream side and the downstream side. Such a configuration acts as a throttle when viewed as a flow path for the product gas. Therefore, if the mist-like slag S collides with the periphery of the slag discharge port 20 and is caught in the upper part of the throttle member 22 as shown in FIG. 6, for example, it may solidify and block the slag discharge port 20. There's a problem.
[0013]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and by preventing mist-like slag from moving toward the slag discharge port side, it is possible to prevent the slag discharge port from being blocked by the mist-like slag. It is an object to provide a possible gasification and melting furnace.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention takes the following measures.
[0015]
That is, the invention of claim 1 gasifies the carbon content in the pyrolysis residue obtained by pyrolyzing the waste to generate a combustible fuel gas, and also generates the combustible fuel gas by the heat of reaction in the gasification. In a gasification and melting furnace that melts ash into molten slag and discharges molten slag from a slag discharge port that opens downward, droplets of molten slag that move along with the combustible fuel gas generated In order to prevent solidification around the discharge port and blockage of the slag discharge port, a movement preventing means that removes liquid droplets of the molten slag and does not move toward the slag discharge port is located upstream of the slag discharge port. In preparation.
[0016]
Therefore, in the gasification and melting furnace according to the first aspect of the present invention, by taking the above-described means, the droplets of the molten slag can be removed and the molten slag can be prevented from reaching the slag discharge port. As a result, it is possible to prevent the slag discharge port from being blocked by the droplets of the molten slag.
[0017]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the gasification and melting furnace of the first aspect, the moving direction of the droplets of the molten slag is made substantially horizontal, and as a movement inhibiting means, a substantially vertically extending barrier is provided. I have.
[0018]
Therefore, in the gasification and melting furnace according to the second aspect of the present invention, by taking the above-described means, the barrier serving as the movement inhibiting means can effectively remove the droplets of the molten slag. As a result, it is possible to prevent the slag discharge port from being blocked by the droplets of the molten slag.
[0019]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the gasification and melting furnace according to the second aspect of the present invention, the gas passage opening has a diameter smaller than the diameter of the slag discharge port and guides the droplets of the molten slag to the slag discharge side as the movement inhibiting means. , One or more barriers provided to form
[0020]
Therefore, in the gasification and melting furnace according to the third aspect of the present invention, by taking the above measures, it is possible to increase the surface area ratio of the barrier in the gas passage opening through which the droplets of the molten slag move. As a result, it is possible to increase the efficiency of removing the droplets of the molten slag by the barrier.
[0021]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the gasification and melting furnace of the third aspect, the gas passage opening is formed in a zigzag shape.
[0022]
Therefore, in the gasification and melting furnace according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, by taking the above measures, the droplets of the molten slag can efficiently collide with the barrier. As a result, it is possible to increase the efficiency of removing the droplets of the molten slag by the barrier.
[0023]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the gasification and melting furnace according to any one of the second to fourth aspects, when a droplet of the molten slag removed by the barrier adheres to the barrier, the adhered droplet. A heating means for heating the barrier is added in order to cause the gas to flow down from the barrier.
[0024]
Therefore, in the gasification and melting furnace according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, by taking the above measures, it is possible to prevent solidification of the droplets of the molten slag adhered to the barrier and easily remove the droplets of the molten slag adhered to the barrier. Can flow down from the barrier. As a result, it is possible to maintain the capability of removing the droplets of the molten slag by the barrier.
[0025]
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the gasification melting furnace of the fifth aspect, a burner is used as a heating means.
[0026]
Therefore, in the gasification melting furnace according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, by taking the above measures, the barrier can be effectively heated by using the burner. As a result, the molten slag droplets attached to the barrier are prevented from solidifying, and the attached molten slag droplets can easily flow down from the barrier, and the ability of the barrier to remove the molten slag droplets. Can be maintained.
[0027]
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the gasification and melting furnace according to any one of the second to fourth aspects, an oxidant supply nozzle for supplying a sprayed oxidant to a wall surface of the barrier is added.
[0028]
Therefore, in the gasification melting furnace according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the barrier can be efficiently heated by taking the above measures. As a result, the molten slag droplets attached to the barrier are prevented from solidifying, and the attached molten slag droplets can easily flow down from the barrier, and the ability of the barrier to remove the molten slag droplets. Can be maintained.
[0029]
According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the gasification melting furnace according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the oxidant is used as combustion air.
[0030]
Therefore, in the gasification melting furnace according to the eighth aspect of the present invention, the barrier can be efficiently heated by taking the above measures. As a result, the molten slag droplets attached to the barrier are prevented from solidifying, and the attached molten slag droplets can easily flow down from the barrier, and the ability of the barrier to remove the molten slag droplets. Can be maintained.
[0031]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0032]
In the drawings used in the description of the embodiments below, the same parts as those in FIGS. 6 and 7 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
[0033]
(First Embodiment)
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
[0034]
FIG. 1 is an elevational sectional view showing a configuration example of a gasification and melting furnace according to the first embodiment.
[0035]
That is, the gasification and melting furnace 10 according to the present embodiment is provided in the interior space of the conventional gasification and melting furnace 50 shown in FIG. The structure is such that a barrier 24 extended to is provided.
[0036]
Next, the operation of the gasification and melting furnace 10 according to the present embodiment configured as described above will be described.
[0037]
In the gasification and melting furnace 10 according to the present embodiment, a solid residue is supplied to the main burner 23 as a fuel and, for example, air is supplied as an oxidant. In the main burner 23, the supplied oxidizing agent and the solid residue are mixed and ignited, and a flame F is formed inside the melting furnace main body 14. In this flame F, the carbon content contained in the solid residue is gasified into carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
[0038]
The ash in the solid residue is melted by the reaction heat in the gasification, becomes molten slag M, falls in the internal space of the melting furnace main body 14, and is captured by the slag reservoir 16 provided on the hearth.
[0039]
After the molten slag M is sufficiently heated in the slag reservoir 16 and stabilized, it overflows the weir 18 and moves to the slag discharge port 20 along the slag flow trough 21 and opens downward. The slag is discharged from the slag discharge port 20 to the outside of the melting furnace body 14.
[0040]
Also, the generated gas such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide moves in the internal space of the melting furnace main body 14 in the direction shown by the arrow in the figure, and finally passes through the slag discharge port 20 to the outside of the melting furnace main body 14. Is discharged to
[0041]
On the other hand, among the ash components in the solid residue, those which are particularly fine particles become mist-like slags S which are fine slag particles. This mist-like slag S passes through two movement routes.
[0042]
That is, a part of the mist-like slag S falls in the internal space of the melting furnace main body 14 like the molten slag M, and is captured by the slag reservoir 16. The other mist-like slag S moves along the weir 18 from left to right in the figure, accompanied by the generated gas. The mist-like slag S entrained in the generated gas in this manner is removed by the barrier 24 as described below.
[0043]
That is, the barrier 24 is provided above the weir 18. The barrier 24 is provided so as to extend in a vertical direction that is a direction substantially orthogonal to the generated gas that moves substantially horizontally from left to right in the drawing. Therefore, the mist-like slag S moving with the generated gas collides with the barrier 24 and is easily removed.
[0044]
Thus, since the mist-like slag S is almost completely removed by the barrier 24, it is possible to prevent the slag discharge port from being blocked by the droplets of the mist-like slag S. The mist-like slag S removed by the barrier 24 flows down along the surface of the barrier 24 and is collected in the slag reservoir 16.
[0045]
As described above, in the gasification and melting furnace according to the present embodiment, the mist-like slag S accompanying the generated gas can be efficiently removed by the barrier 24 by the above-described operation.
[0046]
Thus, the mist-like slag S does not reach the slag discharge port 20, and it is possible to prevent the slag discharge port 20 from being blocked by the mist-like slag S.
[0047]
(Second embodiment)
A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0048]
FIG. 2 is an elevational sectional view showing a configuration example of a gasification and melting furnace according to a second embodiment, in which the same parts as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. Is described only.
[0049]
That is, the gasification and melting furnace 11 according to the present embodiment is a modification of the gasification and melting furnace 10 according to the first embodiment, and the gasification and melting furnace 10 according to the first embodiment includes: A barrier 25 extending from the weir 18 toward the upper ceiling 19, that is, vertically from the weir 18 is added. The barrier 24 and the barrier 25 form a flow path of the generated gas in a zigzag shape in the vertical direction. Further, the diameter of the formed flow path is made smaller than the diameter of the slag discharge port 20.
[0050]
As shown in FIG. 3, the slag downflow gutter 21 is provided on the barrier 25, so that the slag overflow from the slag reservoir 16 is not obstructed.
[0051]
Next, the operation of the gasification and melting furnace 11 according to the present embodiment configured as described above will be described.
[0052]
As described in the first embodiment, also in the gasification and melting furnace 11 according to the present embodiment, the solid residue as the fuel and the oxidant, for example, air are supplied to the main burner 23. These are mixed and ignited to form a flame F. In this flame F, the carbon content contained in the solid residue is gasified into carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
[0053]
Then, the ash in the solid residue becomes molten slag M, falls in the internal space of the melting furnace main body 14 and is captured by the slag reservoir 16. After the molten slag M is sufficiently heated in the slag reservoir 16 and stabilized, the molten slag M overflows the weir 18, and is discharged from the slag discharge port 20 to the outside of the melting furnace body 14 through the slag flow down pad 21. Is done.
[0054]
In addition, generated gases such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide also move in the inner space of the melting furnace main body 14 in the direction shown by the arrow in the figure and are discharged from the slag discharge port 20 to the outside of the melting furnace main body 14. You.
[0055]
Among the ash components in the solid residue, those which are particularly fine particles become mist-like slag S which is fine molten slag. A part of the mist-like slag S falls in the internal space of the melting furnace body 14 like the molten slag M, and is captured by the slag reservoir 16. The other mist-like slag S is entrained by the generated gas and moves above the weir 18 toward the slag discharge port 20 along a zigzag flow path formed by the barrier 24 and the barrier 25. As described below, the mist-like slag S entrained in the generated gas is efficiently removed by the barriers 24 and 25.
[0056]
The barrier 24 is provided so as to extend in a direction substantially perpendicular to the moving direction of the generated gas moving in the vertical direction, that is, in the horizontal direction from left to right in the drawing. Therefore, the mist-like slag S that moves accompanying the generated gas collides with the barrier 24 and is removed.
[0057]
Further, the barrier 25 is provided so as to extend upward from below so as to be parallel to the barrier 24. Therefore, the mist-like slag S not removed by the barrier 24 collides with the barrier 25 when it is further moved to the slag discharge port 20 side with the generated gas. Thereby, the mist-like slag S not removed by the barrier 24 is removed by the barrier 25.
[0058]
Thus, in addition to the mist-like slag S being removed by the barrier 24, even if there is a mist-like slag S that is not removed by the barrier 24, it is removed by the barrier 25. Moreover, since the diameter of the zigzag flow path formed by the barrier 24 and the barrier 25 is narrower than the diameter of the slag discharge port 20, the surface area ratio of the barriers 24 and 25 in this flow path is high. Thereby, the removal efficiency of the mist-like slag S by the barriers 24 and 25 is further enhanced, and the movement of the mist-like slag S to the slag discharge port 20 is effectively prevented, and the slag discharge port 20 is closed. Can be blocked.
[0059]
The mist-like slag S removed by the barrier 24 flows down along the surface of the barrier 24 and is collected in the slag reservoir 16. Further, the mist-like slag S removed by the barrier 25 flows down to the weir 18 along the surface of the barrier 25 and moves to the slag discharge port 20 along the slag flow-down pad 21.
[0060]
As described above, in the gasification and melting furnace according to the present embodiment, the mist-like slag S accompanying the generated gas can be efficiently removed by the barrier 24 and the barrier 25 by the above-described operation. .
[0061]
Thus, the mist-like slag S does not reach the slag discharge port 20, and it is possible to prevent the slag discharge port 20 from being blocked by the mist-like slag S.
[0062]
In the present embodiment, an example using two barriers 24 and 25 has been described, but the number of barriers is not limited to two, and may be three or more. The greater the number of barriers, the higher the mist-like slag S removal efficiency.
[0063]
(Third embodiment)
A third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
[0064]
FIG. 4 is an elevational sectional view showing a configuration example of a gasification and melting furnace according to a third embodiment. The same parts as those in FIG. 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted. Is described only.
[0065]
That is, the gasification and melting furnace 12 according to the present embodiment is a modification of the gasification and melting furnace 11 according to the second embodiment, and the gasification and melting furnace 11 according to the second embodiment includes: The configuration is such that a wall surface heating burner 30 for heating the wall surface of the barrier 24 is added.
[0066]
The wall heating burner 30 is supplied with the fuel and the oxidant, and heats the wall of the barrier 24 by burning the fuel using the supplied oxidant. As the fuel, for example, a combustible gas such as city gas is used, and as the oxidant, for example, air or combustion air is used. When supplying the oxidizing agent, the wall surface heating burner 30 is provided with a nozzle function, and the oxidizing agent sprayed by the nozzle function is sprayed over the entire wall surface of the barrier 24, so that the entire wall surface is efficiently burned. You may do it.
[0067]
Next, the operation of the gasification and melting furnace 12 according to the present embodiment configured as described above will be described.
[0068]
That is, the gasification melting furnace 12 according to the present embodiment is provided with the wall surface heating burner 30 for heating the wall surface of the barrier 24. Since the fuel and the oxidant are supplied to the wall surface heating burner 30, the wall surface of the barrier 24 is heated by burning the fuel using the oxidant.
[0069]
As a result, the solidification of the mist-like slag S attached to the barrier 24 is prevented, and the mist slag S easily flows down along the wall surface of the barrier 24 and is collected in the slag reservoir 16. As a result, the mist-like slag S attached to the barrier 24 is quickly removed from the wall surface, so that the ability to remove the mist-like slag S by the barrier 24 is maintained throughout the operation period of the gasification and melting furnace 12.
[0070]
As described above, in the gasification and melting furnace 12 according to the present embodiment, the operation and effect obtained in the second embodiment can be achieved over the operation period by the above operation.
[0071]
In the present embodiment, the case where the barrier 24 is heated by the wall surface heating burner 30 has been described as an example. However, in addition to this, a burner for heating the barrier 25 may be provided. Even if the barrier 25 is heated by the burner, the ability to remove the mist-like slag S by the barrier 25 is maintained over the operation period of the gasification and melting furnace 12.
[0072]
(Fourth embodiment)
A fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
[0073]
FIG. 5 is an elevational sectional view showing a configuration example of a gasification and melting furnace according to a fourth embodiment. The same parts as those in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. Is described only.
[0074]
That is, the gasification and melting furnace 13 according to the present embodiment is a modified example of the gasification and melting furnace 12 according to the third embodiment, and the wall surface of the gasification and melting furnace 12 according to the third embodiment. An oxidant supply nozzle 32 is added instead of the heating burner 30.
[0075]
The oxidant supply nozzle 32 atomizes, for example, oxygen, air, or combustion air and sprays the atomized air over the entire wall surface of the barrier 24. Since the internal space of the melting furnace main body 14 of the gasification melting furnace 13 according to the present embodiment is a high-temperature low-oxygen atmosphere filled with carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, oxygen, air, or combustion air as an oxidizing agent is When atomized and sprayed on the entire wall surface of the barrier 24, these oxides burn, and the entire wall surface of the barrier 24 is efficiently heated.
[0076]
With such a configuration, the entire wall surface of the barrier 24 can be efficiently heated, so that the operation obtained in the second embodiment over the operation period can be achieved similarly to the third embodiment. The effect can be achieved.
[0077]
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to such configurations. Within the scope of the invented technical concept of the claims, those skilled in the art will be able to conceive various changes and modifications, and those changes and modifications will be described in the technical scope of the present invention. It is understood that it belongs to.
[0078]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, by removing the mist-like slag, it is possible to prevent the slag from being moved to the slag discharge port side. As described above, a gasification and melting furnace capable of preventing the slag discharge port from being blocked by the mist-like slag can be realized.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view showing a configuration example of a gasification / melting furnace according to a first embodiment; FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view showing a configuration example of a gasification / melting furnace according to a second embodiment; 3 is a perspective view showing a connection state between a barrier and a weir. FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view showing a configuration example of a gasification and melting furnace according to a third embodiment. FIG. 5 is a gas according to a fourth embodiment. FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view showing a configuration example of a gasification / melting furnace. FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view showing a configuration of a conventional gasification / melting furnace. FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a detailed configuration of a weir.
F: Flame, M: Molten slag, S: Mist slag, 10, 11, 12, 13, 50: Gasification / melting furnace, 14: Melting furnace body, 16: Slag reservoir, 18: Weir, 19: Ceiling, Reference Signs List 20 slag discharge port, 21 slag flow down, 22 squeezing member, 23 main burner, 24, 25 barrier, 28 slag overflow hole, 30 wall heating burner, 32 oxidant supply nozzle

Claims (8)

Gasification of the carbon content in the pyrolysis residue obtained by pyrolyzing the waste to produce a combustible fuel gas, and melting of the ash in the pyrolysis residue by the heat of reaction in this gasification to form molten slag In a gasification and melting furnace that discharges the molten slag from a slag discharge port that opens downward,
The liquid of the molten slag such that droplets of the molten slag moving accompanying the generated combustible fuel gas do not adhere to and solidify around the slag discharge port and block the slag discharge port. A gasification and melting furnace comprising a movement inhibiting means for removing droplets and preventing the slag from moving toward the slag discharge port. 2. The gasification and melting furnace according to claim 1, wherein the direction of movement of the molten slag droplets is substantially horizontal, and the movement inhibiting means is a substantially vertically extending barrier. As the movement inhibiting means, one or more barriers provided so as to form a gas passage opening which is smaller in diameter than the diameter of the slag discharge port and guides the droplets of the molten slag to the slag discharge port side. The gasification and melting furnace according to claim 2. The gasification melting furnace according to claim 3, wherein the gas passage opening is formed in a zigzag shape. The gasification and melting furnace according to any one of claims 2 to 4,
When a droplet of the molten slag removed by the barrier adheres to the barrier, a gasification and melting furnace to which a heating means for heating the barrier is added so that the adhered droplet flows down from the barrier. The gasification melting furnace according to claim 5, wherein a burner is used as the heating means. The gasification and melting furnace according to any one of claims 2 to 4,
A gasification and melting furnace to which an oxidizing agent supply nozzle for supplying a sprayed oxidizing agent to the wall surface of the barrier is added. The gasification and melting furnace according to claim 7, wherein the oxidizing agent is combustion air.

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