JP4017930B2 - Waste plastic processing equipment - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a waste plastic processing apparatus suitable for heat-melting waste plastic, particularly waste foamed polystyrene.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a prior art of the waste plastic processing apparatus, there are techniques disclosed in Utility Model Registration No. 2592162 and No. 7-34653, which have been proposed by the present applicant. Since all the techniques are equally positioned in relation to the present case, the technique disclosed in the latter publication will be briefly described below.
[0003]
The waste plastic processing apparatus disclosed in this publication is composed of a crusher for crushing waste plastic, a melting machine for melting the crushed waste plastic, and a hot air generator for generating hot air. . A funnel-shaped melting furnace is disposed on the lower side of the melting machine, and waste plastics crushed by a crusher are supplied. In addition, a container for receiving the waste plastic that has been melted into a semi-fluid is disposed below the melting furnace. The molten waste plastic is stored in a container and then cooled and solidified elsewhere.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the case of the technique disclosed in the above publication, automation is only achieved up to the point where the waste plastic is melted. Therefore, it has been studied to automate the process after the melting process and to automate the entire waste plastic processing system. In that case, the molding process after the melting process will be automated. For example, when a method of rolling while cooling the molten plastic melt in a molten state by roll molding is adopted, the operator operating the waste plastic processing apparatus The problem of increasing the burden arises.
[0005]
More specifically, for example, when processing waste foamed polystyrene, various waste foamed polystyrenes having different foaming ratios may be added in a mixed state. In this case, when the expansion ratio of the introduced waste polystyrene is low (that is, it is high density and hard), the speed at which it is melted and discharged in the melting part becomes high. Conversely, if the foamed polystyrene foam that has been introduced has a high expansion ratio (that is, low density and softness), the speed at which it is melted and discharged in the melting section becomes slow. However, since the forming roll used in the forming process normally rotates at a constant speed, it cannot follow the change in the discharge rate of the waste foamed polystyrene. Therefore, when cooling and molding are performed, in the former case, clogging is likely to occur in the forming roll portion, and in the latter case, a molded state having a nest is likely to be formed, and further, the waste foamed polystyrene molded product is easily interrupted. For this reason, when the entire waste plastic processing system is automated, the operator who operates it must constantly monitor the melting state of the waste foamed polystyrene and change the setting speed of the forming roll as necessary. It is expected to be.
[0006]
In consideration of the above facts, the present invention has an object to obtain a waste plastic processing apparatus that can reduce the work effort of an operator who operates the apparatus and can further promote automation.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The waste plastic processing apparatus according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a charging unit into which waste plastic to be processed is charged, a melting unit for heating and melting the waste plastic, and a charging unit and a melting unit connected to each other. In addition, the volume reduction unit is configured to include a conveying unit that is operated by the driving force of the conveying motor and conveys the waste plastic that has been input to the charging unit to the melting unit, and is rotated by the driving force of the molding motor. A waste plastic processing apparatus comprising a molding roll configured to be molded into a predetermined shape while cooling the waste plastic in a molten state supplied from the melting part, and supplied to the transport motor When the current value of the current to be increased increases the number of revolutions of the molding motor, and when the current value of the current supplied to the transport motor decreases, the molding motor increases. And a motor rotational speed change means for reducing the rotational speed of the motor, is characterized in that.
[0008]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the waste plastic processing apparatus according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the motor rotation speed changing means includes a current value detecting means for detecting a current value of a current supplied to the transport motor. The current value detecting means and the forming motor are connected to each other, and output changing means for changing the output to the forming motor based on the detection result output from the current value detecting means. It is characterized by that.
[0009]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the waste plastic to be treated is fed into the loading section of the volume reducing section. The introduced waste plastic is conveyed to the melting part by a conveying means that is operated by the driving force of the conveying motor. In the melting part, the conveyed waste plastic is heated and melted. The melted waste plastic is supplied to the molding unit and molded into a predetermined shape while being cooled by a molding roll that is driven and rotated by the driving force of the molding motor.
[0010]
By the way, the waste plastics to be treated are not all of the same type, and may be treated in a state where waste plastics having different degrees of hardness and the like are mixed. Even if the waste plastics to be treated are of the same type, they may be harder or softer than standard waste plastics. In this case, if the waste plastic is relatively hard, the supply speed of the waste plastic supplied from the melting part to the molding part is increased. Conversely, if the waste plastic is relatively soft, the supply is supplied from the melting part to the molding part. The waste plastic supply rate is reduced.
[0011]
Here, for example, when the waste plastic is relatively hard, the current value of the current (load current) supplied to the transport motor increases. On the contrary, when the waste plastic is relatively soft, the current value of the current flowing through the transport motor decreases. In the present invention, when the current value changes as described above, the rotational speed of the molding motor is changed by the motor rotational speed changing means. Specifically, when the current value of the current supplied to the conveyance motor increases, the number of rotations of the forming motor is increased. Conversely, when the current value of the current supplied to the transport motor decreases, the rotational speed of the forming motor is decreased. Therefore, as explained in the section “Problems to be solved by the invention”, waste plastic in a molten state is clogged with a molding roll, or a nest is formed in the waste plastic molded body, or breakage occurs. Can be avoided. As a result, visual monitoring by the operator can be eased and further eliminated.
[0012]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, when the current value of the current supplied to the transport motor changes, the change is detected by the current value detecting means. The output changing means changes the output of the forming motor that drives and rotates the forming roll based on the detection result output from the current value detecting means. For example, when the current value increases, the output of the molding motor is increased by the output changing unit accordingly. Thereby, the occurrence of problems such as clogging of waste plastic in a molten state at the molding roll is prevented.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a waste plastic processing apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0014]
FIG. 1 shows an overall configuration diagram of a waste plastic processing apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1A, the waste plastic processing apparatus 10 includes a volume reducing part 12, a molding part 14, a cutting part 16, and a discharge part 18 as main parts. Hereinafter, the configuration of each unit will be described in this order.
[0015]
The volume reducing unit 12 includes a horizontal screw conveyor 20 as “conveying means”. The screw conveyor 20 includes a casing 22 and a screw 24. The casing 22 has a cylindrical shape, one end of which is closed and the other end is opened. Further, a closing hopper 28 as a “loading portion” into which the waste foamed polystyrene 26 as “waste plastic” is charged is connected to the upper part of the casing 22 on the closed end side. On the other hand, the screw 24 is constituted by a rotating shaft 24A and a spiral strip 24B. The base end portion of the rotating shaft 24A protrudes from the closed end of the casing 22 to the outside as it is, and is connected to a volume reducing machine motor 30 as a “conveyance motor” serving as a drive source via a reduction means (not shown). .
[0016]
In addition, a heater 32 as a “melting part” is connected to the other end of the casing 22, that is, an open end. Although various configurations can be adopted as the configuration of the heater 32, the following configuration is adopted in the present embodiment. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the heater 32 is used as a mounting seat surface for the casing 22 of the screw conveyor 20 and has a flange 36 having a square opening 34 formed in the center, and the opening of the flange 36. A peripheral frame portion 38 having a rectangular frame shape standing on the peripheral edge portion 34, and a plurality of heating plates 40 mounted in the peripheral wall portion 38 at a predetermined interval. As shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of nichrome wires 42 that generate heat when energized are embedded in the heating plate 40. Moreover, the heating plate 40 is made of a heat conductive material, and the tip thereof has a spire shape. In the present embodiment, the plurality of heating plates 40 are arranged vertically, but may be arranged horizontally or may be arranged obliquely. Further, special shapes such as a mesh shape and a honeycomb shape may be adopted.
[0017]
The forming unit 14 is disposed adjacent to the downstream side of the volume reducing unit 12 in the conveyance direction (the direction of arrow A in FIG. 1). The forming unit 14 includes an upper forming roll 44 and a lower forming roll 48 as “forming rolls”. These upper forming roll 44 and lower forming roll 48 are made of a heat conductive material. The upper forming roll 44 and the lower forming roll 48 are connected to each other by connecting members (not shown) such as a sprocket, a chain, and a belt, and are in opposite directions (directions for sending out a waste polystyrene molded body 94 described later). It is designed to rotate.
[0018]
Furthermore, a cooling medium such as water can be fed to the shaft cores of the upper forming roll 44 and the lower forming roll 48. By circulating these cooling media, the upper molding roll 44 and the lower molding roll 48 cool and mold a waste polystyrene foam 92 described later.
[0019]
Further, the upper molding roll 44 and the lower molding roll 48 described above are arranged to face each other in the vertical direction, and a gap 56 having a predetermined gap dimension is formed between them. The thickness of the waste expanded polystyrene molded body 94 to be described later is determined by the gap size of the gap 56. Note that one or both of the upper forming roll 44 and the lower forming roll 48 may be moved up and down so that the gap size of the gap 56 can be finely adjusted.
[0020]
Furthermore, the lower forming roll 48 is connected to a rotation shaft 58A of a molding machine motor 58 as a “forming motor” serving as a driving source and a connecting member 60 such as a driving chain and a driving belt. Therefore, the upper molding roll 44 and the lower molding roll 48 are driven and rotated at the same rotational speed by a single drive source (molding machine motor 58).
[0021]
The above-described upper molding roll 44 and lower molding roll 48 are, in a broad sense, other than functioning as cooling molding means for rolling the waste foamed polystyrene melt 92 while cooling it to form a flat shaped waste polystyrene foam 94. The waste foamed polystyrene molded body 94 is an element that also functions as a conveying means for feeding the cut portion 16 that is the next process. Further, in the present embodiment, a configuration is used in which one upper molding roll 44 and one lower molding roll 48 are used. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a plurality of upper molding rolls 44 and a plurality of lower molding rolls 48 are arranged side by side. You may make it connect.
[0022]
Further, a roll conveyor 62 is disposed in a range from the left end of the lower forming roll 48 to the discharge unit 18 described later in the forming unit 14 described above. The roll conveyor 62 is configured by a pair of guides 64 (see FIG. 1B) arranged in parallel on both sides, and a plurality of rolls (rollers) 66 supported between the guides 64. Yes.
[0023]
The cutting part 16 is disposed adjacent to the downstream side of the forming part 14 in the conveying direction. A cam 68 is rotatably disposed on the lower surface side of the roll conveyor 62 in the cutting unit 16. The rotating shaft 68A of the cam 68 is connected to each other via a connecting member 72 such as a cutting machine motor 70 serving as a driving source and a driving chain or a driving belt. Further, one end of the crankshaft 74 is attached to a predetermined position (eccentric position) of the outer peripheral portion of the cam 68. A cutter support 78 that supports the cutter 76 so as to be movable up and down is disposed immediately above the cam 68. The other end portion of the crankshaft 74 is connected to the cutter 76, and the cutter 76 is moved up and down in accordance with the movement stroke of the crankshaft 74 in the vertical direction.
[0024]
The discharge unit 18 is disposed adjacent to the downstream side of the cutting unit 16 in the transport direction. As shown in FIG. 1B, a rotating shaft 80 having the transport direction as an axial direction is disposed below the roll conveyor 62 in the discharge unit 18. Ends of rod-like discharge bars 82 projecting in the radial direction are fixed to the outer peripheral surfaces of both ends of the rotating shaft 80. The axial length of the discharge bar 82 is set to such a length that the discharge bar 82 does not interfere with the guide 64 of the roll conveyor 62 when the discharge bar 82 turns around the rotation shaft 80. A sprocket 84 is fixed to a predetermined position of the rotary shaft 80 so as to rotate integrally with the rotary shaft 80. A discharger motor 86 serving as a driving source is disposed below the rotary shaft 80, and is connected to each other via a sprocket 84 and a connecting member 88 such as a chain or a belt.
[0025]
A lamp sensor 90 is disposed at the tip of the roll conveyor 62. This lamp sensor 90 is a sensor that detects whether or not the "lamp" meaning recycled material, that is, whether or not the front end of the waste foamed polystyrene molded product 96 has arrived, and the controller outputs a detection signal to a controller (not shown). A drive signal is sent to the ejector motor 86 from the motor.
[0026]
Further, as shown in an enlarged manner in FIG. 4, in the present embodiment, a current detector 100 as “current value detecting means” is connected to the volume reducing machine motor 30. The current detector 100 constantly detects a current value supplied to the volume reducing machine motor 30 via the power supply lines (R, S, T), and outputs it to a control circuit (not shown) provided in the inverter device 102 described later. It has become.
[0027]
On the other hand, the molding machine motor 58 is connected to an inverter circuit (not shown) included in the inverter device 102 as “output changing means”. Further, the inverter device 102 includes a converter circuit (not shown), and the alternating current supplied from the power supply lines (R, S, T) is temporarily replaced with a direct current. Further, the inverter device 102 is provided with a control circuit (not shown), and the frequency of the inverter circuit is changed based on the detection signal output from the current detector 100 to increase or decrease the rotational speed of the molding machine motor 58. It is like that.
[0028]
Next, the operation and effect of this embodiment will be described.
[0029]
First, the overall operation of the waste plastic processing apparatus 10 will be outlined.
[0030]
First, the solid waste foamed polystyrene 26 having various shapes to be processed is fed into the charging hopper 28 of the volume reducing unit 12. The waste foamed polystyrene 26 that has been charged is dropped to the closed end side of the casing 22 of the screw conveyor 20. The dropped waste polystyrene 26 is transported horizontally by the screw conveyor 20 and fed into the heater 32. A plurality of heating plates 40 are arranged in the heater 32 in a heated state. When the solid waste foamed polystyrene 26 is pressed against these heating plates 40, the waste foamed polystyrene 26 is melted. When the solid waste polystyrene 26 is melted, the shape is lost and the volume is reduced. The waste expanded polystyrene reduced in volume as described above (hereinafter referred to as “waste expanded polystyrene melt 92”) is discharged from the heater 32 in a sticky and drastic state (semi-fluid) (hereinafter, reduced). Process).
[0031]
The waste expanded polystyrene melt 92 discharged from the heater 32 is supplied to the gap 56 between the upper molding roll 44 and the lower molding roll 48 of the molding unit 14. The upper molding roll 44 and the lower molding roll 48 are rotated in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 1 under the driving force of the molding machine motor 58 and are cooled by circulating a coolant such as water. . For this reason, the waste expanded polystyrene melt 92 that is a high-temperature semi-fluid is rolled while being cooled while passing through the gap 56 between the upper molding roll 44 and the lower molding roll 48, and gradually becomes harder. And it shape | molds in a flat shape (henceforth the "waste foamed polystyrene molded object 94".
[0032]
The waste polystyrene molded body 94 is conveyed in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 1 while rolling on the roll conveyor 62, and is sent to the next cutting unit 16. In the cutting part 16, when the cutting machine motor 70 is driven at a predetermined timing, the cam 68 makes one rotation in the direction of the arrow, and the crankshaft 74 reciprocates once in the vertical direction accordingly. Thereby, the cutter 76 descends, and the waste foamed polystyrene molded product 94 is cut to a predetermined length, and a waste foamed polystyrene molded product 96 is completed (the cutting process).
[0033]
In addition, the waste expanded polystyrene molded body 94 is elastic in a state immediately after being cut, and gradually becomes hard after several hours have passed after the cutting. Further, the cutting machine motor 70 is driven by a controller (not shown) when the tip of the lamp (waste foamed polystyrene molded product 96) is detected by the lamp sensor 90. Furthermore, by changing the position where the lamp sensor 90 is disposed, it is possible to cut the waste foamed polystyrene molded product 96 to an arbitrary length.
[0034]
The waste foamed polystyrene molded article 96 cut into a size as described above is sent to the next discharge unit 18. When the cutting machine motor 70 is operated to cut the waste foamed polystyrene molded article 96, the discharging machine motor 86 is driven by a controller (not shown). As a result, the rotary shaft 80 rotates about its axis, and the pair of discharge bars 82 fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft 80 is turned. As a result, as shown in FIG. 1B, the waste foamed polystyrene molded product 96 is discharged to the side of the apparatus (the discharge process).
[0035]
The discharged waste expanded polystyrene molded product 96 is laminated in a predetermined number to form a lump, and is dried and cured in this state over several hours. After that, it is packed and placed on the loading platform of the transport vehicle and transported to the destination.
[0036]
By the way, the waste foamed polystyrenes 26 to be treated are not necessarily all of the same type, and the waste foamed polystyrenes 26 having different hardness levels may be mixed. Further, even if the waste foamed polystyrene 26 to be treated is the same type, it may be harder or softer than the standard waste foamed polystyrene 26. In this case, if the waste expanded polystyrene 26 is relatively hard (for example, when the expansion ratio is about 40 times), the supply speed of the waste expanded polystyrene melt 92 supplied from the heater 32 to the molding unit 14 is increased. If the waste foamed polystyrene 26 is relatively soft (for example, when the foaming ratio is about 60 times), the supply speed of the waste foamed polystyrene 26 supplied from the heater 32 to the molding unit 14 becomes slow.
[0037]
Here, for example, when the waste foamed polystyrene 26 is relatively hard, the load applied to the volume reducer motor 30 increases, and the current value of the current (load current) supplied to the volume reducer motor 30 increases. Conversely, when the waste foamed polystyrene 26 is relatively soft, the current value of the current supplied to the volume reducer motor 30 decreases. In the present embodiment, when the current value changes as described above, the change is detected by the current detector 100. That is, the current detector 100 constantly detects the current value of the volume reducing machine motor 30 and outputs it to the control circuit of the inverter device 102. For example, when the load current increases, a corresponding signal is output to the control circuit of the inverter device 102, and the control circuit changes the frequency of the inverter circuit of the inverter device 102 based on the detection result. Thereby, the rotation speed of the molding machine motor 58 is increased. Therefore, the waste plastic melt 92 is not clogged between the upper molding roll 44 and the lower molding roll 48. Conversely, when the load current is reduced, the number of rotations of the molding machine motor 58 is reduced, and it is possible to avoid the formation of a nest in the waste plastic molded body 94 or the breakage. As a result, according to the present embodiment, the visual monitoring of the operator who operates the apparatus can be eased, and the work effort of the operator can be reduced. Furthermore, the monitoring itself by the operator can be abolished, and automation can be promoted.
[0038]
In addition, in the waste plastic processing apparatus 10 which concerns on this embodiment mentioned above, although the waste polystyrene 26 was made into the process target, not only this but all waste plastics are applicable.
[0039]
Moreover, in the waste plastic processing apparatus 10 which concerns on this embodiment mentioned above, although the heater 32 was installed in the volume reduction part 12, and the structure which presses and melt | dissolves the waste expanded polystyrene 26 on the heating plate 40 was taken, it is not restricted to this, A conventional gun type burner may be used, or other heating means may be employed.
[0040]
Furthermore, since the waste plastic processing apparatus 10 according to the above-described embodiment has been described on the assumption that an AC motor is used, the inverter apparatus 102 is configured to change the AC frequency to the molding machine motor 58. If it is to be used, a change in the supplied direct current may be detected by a current detector, and the current value of the direct current supplied to the molding machine motor 58 may be increased or decreased based on the result.
[0041]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the waste plastic processing apparatus according to the present invention described in claim 1 increases the number of rotations of the molding motor when the current value of the current supplied to the transport motor increases, and supplies it to the transport motor. When the current value of the current to be reduced is reduced, the motor rotational speed changing means for decreasing the rotational speed of the molding motor is provided, so that the visual monitoring of the operator can be eased and further eliminated. It is possible to reduce the work effort of the operator who operates the apparatus, and further, it is possible to promote automation.
[0042]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a waste plastic processing apparatus according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the current value detecting means for detecting the current value of the current supplied to the transport motor, the current value detecting means and the molding motor are provided. And the above-described motor speed changing means including the output changing means for changing the output to the molding motor based on the detection result output from the current value detecting means. It has an excellent effect that it can be automated.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1A is an overall configuration diagram of a waste plastic processing apparatus according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 1B is a front view showing a discharge mechanism of a discharge unit.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a heater of the volume reducing unit shown in FIG.
3 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure of a heating plate shown in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a main part configuration diagram showing an enlarged main part of the waste plastic processing apparatus according to the present embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Waste plastic processing apparatus 12 Volume reduction part 14 Molding part 20 Screw conveyor (conveyance means)
26 Waste Styrofoam (Waste Plastic)
28 Input hopper (input part)
30 Volume reducer motor (conveyance motor)
32 Heater (melting part)
44 Upper forming roll (forming roll)
48 Lower forming roll (Forming roll)
58 Molding machine motor (molding motor)
92 Waste Styrofoam Melt 94 Waste Styrofoam Molded Body 100 Current Detector (Current Value Detection Means, Motor Rotation Speed Changing Means)
102 Inverter device (output changing means, motor rotation speed changing means)

Claims (2)

Connects the input part to which the waste plastic to be treated is input, the melting part for heating and melting the waste plastic, the input part and the melting part, and is operated by the driving force of the transport motor and is input to the input part. A transporting means for transporting the waste plastic to the melting part, and a volume reducing part comprising:
A molding unit configured to include a molding roll that is rotated by a driving force of a molding motor and is molded into a predetermined shape while cooling the molten waste plastic supplied from the melting unit;
A waste plastic processing apparatus comprising:
When the current value of the current supplied to the transport motor increases, the rotational speed of the molding motor is increased, and when the current value of the current supplied to the transport motor decreases, the rotational speed of the molding motor. Motor rotational speed changing means for reducing
Waste plastic processing equipment characterized by that. The motor rotation speed changing means is
Current value detection means for detecting the current value of the current supplied to the transport motor;
Output changing means connected to the current value detecting means and the forming motor, and changing the output to the forming motor based on the detection result output from the current value detecting means;
Composed of,
The waste plastic processing apparatus according to claim 1 .

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