JP4017783B2 - Production method of kelp extract - Google Patents

Production method of kelp extract Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4017783B2
JP4017783B2 JP08156099A JP8156099A JP4017783B2 JP 4017783 B2 JP4017783 B2 JP 4017783B2 JP 08156099 A JP08156099 A JP 08156099A JP 8156099 A JP8156099 A JP 8156099A JP 4017783 B2 JP4017783 B2 JP 4017783B2
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Prior art keywords
kelp
weight
parts
molecular weight
extract
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JP2000270806A (en
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直樹 田中
暁風 郭
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Yaizu Suisan Kagaku Kogyo Co Ltd
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Yaizu Suisan Kagaku Kogyo Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、低分子アルギン酸及びミネラル成分を含有することを特徴とする昆布エキス及びその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般に昆布などの海藻類は、古くから日常の食生活に広く利用されており、健康維持や老化防止等に有効とされている。
【0003】
例えば、昆布の主要な細胞間粘質多糖類であるアルギン酸(アルギン酸塩)やその誘導体は、血圧降下作用等を有することが知られており、広く研究がなされている。また、その増粘性やゲル化性、保湿性等の機能により、食品、医薬品、化粧品、繊維加工品、その他幅広い用途に利用されている。
【0004】
更に、アルギン酸を酸加水分解して得られる低分子アルギン酸は、整腸作用や血中コレステロールの改善作用等を有しており、健康食品関連へ利用されている(特開平6−90703号公報、特開平6−253780号公報、特開平6−7093号公報)。
【0005】
そして、昆布に含まれる微量ミネラル成分は、ナトリウムの過剰摂取やカルシウム不足といった体内のミネラルバランス改善のために注目されており、昆布から微量ミネラル成分を効率良く抽出する方法も提案されている(特公平5−77379号公報)。
【0006】
アルギン酸(アルギン酸塩)の製造方法に関しては、数多くの報告や特許出願がなされており、工業的に生産が行われている。
【0007】
また、昆布などからグルタミン酸等のだし成分を抽出する方法としては、熱水抽出法、アルコール抽出法、またこれらの抽出法を組み合わせた方法などが工業的にすでに確立されている。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上述した抽出方法は、目的とする成分については効率良く抽出できる反面、それ以外の有効成分はほとんど抽出されずに残ったり、抽出過程で失われてしまい、有効に利用されていない場合が多かった。
【0009】
一般にアルギン酸の抽出方法としては、炭酸ナトリウム等のアルカリ剤によって可溶化して抽出する方法がとられているが、抽出液の粘度が非常に高く、収率向上のためには大量の水で希釈しなければならず、その工程は煩雑であった。また、更に純度を上げるための酸洗浄や酸によるアルギン酸の回収方法等により、ミネラル成分などは極力除去されている。
【0010】
一方、ミネラル成分を抽出する場合は、アルギン酸等の他の成分が収率低下の要因となるため、極力抽出されないような工程をとっている。
【0011】
そして、だし成分を抽出する熱水抽出法やアルコール抽出法では、アルギン酸やミネラル成分はあまり抽出されず、その残渣中に豊富に含まれているが、その大部分は廃棄処分されているのが現状である。
【0012】
従って、これまで昆布の有効成分であるアルギン酸やミネラル成分を程よく含有した昆布エキスはなかった。
【0013】
昆布が有する様々な成分を摂取するためには、昆布そのものを食すことが最も有効な方法の1つであるが、日常の食生活において昆布自体を多量にかつ常時食することは一般に困難である。
【0014】
すなわち、本発明の目的は、昆布に含まれるアルギン酸及びミネラル成分を含有した昆布エキス及びその製造方法を提供することにある。
【0015】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、本発明は、昆布を0.1〜3.0Nの希塩酸溶液中又は希硫酸溶液中で60〜120℃の温度範囲にて0.5〜5時間加熱処理することにより該昆布中のアルギン酸を低分子化した後、次いでセルラーゼ及び/又はペクチナーゼ処理を施すことを特徴とする昆布エキスの製造方法を提供するものである。
【0016】
本発明の昆布エキスの製造方法によって得られる昆布エキスは、アルギン酸及びミネラル成分を豊富に含有しており、各種飲食品に添加することで昆布そのものを食するのと同様の効果が期待できる。また、アルギン酸が低分子化されているため低粘度であり、幅広い食品に利用可能である。
【0017】
本発明の昆布エキスの製造方法によれば、得られる昆布エキスが、固形分100重量部当たり、分子量30万以下の低分子アルギン酸が30〜70重量部、ナトリウムイオンが25重量部以下、カリウムイオンが2〜10重量部、カルシウムイオンが0.5〜2重量部、マグネシウムイオンが0.3〜1.5重量部、鉄イオンが0.0005〜0.02重量部含有するものである昆布エキスを提供することができる。
【0018】
【発明の実施形態】
本発明において原料となる昆布は、褐藻類の中のコンブ科に属するものであれば特に制限はなく、例えば、マコンブ、ミツイシコンブ、ナガコンブ、アツバコンブ、リシリコンブ、ガゴメコンブ等が挙げられ、その産地、等級も限定されるものではない。これらの昆布は、原藻のまま、あるいは熱水抽出、アルコール抽出した残渣であってもよく、その形態は、湿体及び乾物を問わず、刻み、破砕、粉砕等の機械的な処理を施したものの方が好ましい。
【0019】
本発明の昆布エキスは、下記の方法により抽出することができる。
・酸処理
好ましくは上記前処理を施した昆布を、まず希酸溶液中で加熱処理する。希酸溶液中で処理することにより、昆布に含まれるアルギン酸が不溶化して処理液の粘度の上昇を抑えることができ、また、加熱することによりアルギン酸を低分子化することができる。更に、これらによって昆布の組織が軟化し、後の酵素処理工程において、酵素が作用しやすくなる。
【0020】
本発明において、希酸溶液としては、0.1〜3.0N、好ましくは0.5〜2.0Nの塩酸又は硫酸溶液が好ましく用いられる。希酸溶液が0.1N未満では、細胞組織の破壊が弱く、更にアルギン酸が十分に不溶化しないため処理液の粘度が高くなるため抽出効率が低下してしまい好ましくない。一方、3.0Nを超えると中和に用いるアルカリ剤の量が増加するため、昆布本来のミネラルバランスが大きく変化してしまうため好ましくない。
【0021】
また、希酸溶液の量は、原料の状態にもよるが、原料が希酸溶液中に充分浸っていればよく、昆布重量の3〜50倍量、好ましくは5〜20倍量用いる。希酸溶液の量が少ないと粘度が上昇してエキスの回収率が悪くなり、また、量が多いと抽出効率は高くなるが、エキス濃度が下がり工程が煩雑になってしまうため好ましくない。
【0022】
そして、加熱温度は、60〜120℃、好ましくは70〜100℃に調整し、加熱時間は、0.5〜5時間、好ましくは1〜3時間程度処理することが好ましい。
【0023】
・酵素処理
上記酸処理をした後、次いでセルラーゼ及び/又はペクチナーゼを作用させることで、細胞壁を壊してエキス成分を抽出しやすくすると共に、処理液の粘度を低減し、低分子アルギン酸及びミネラル成分を含んだ昆布エキスを効率よく得ることができる。
【0024】
上記セルラーゼは、天然の不溶性セルロース分解能(C1酵素活性)を有するものであれば、特に制限はなく、市販のものが使用できる。また、ペクチナーゼについても同様に市販のものが使用できる。
【0025】
酵素の添加量、反応温度及び処理時間については、処理液の粘度が1,000cps以下、好ましくは500cps以下になるように適宜設定すればよい。
【0026】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を具体的に説明する。
なお、アルギン酸ナトリウム含量については、アルギン酸ソーダ「AD−3」(君津化学工業(株)製)を標品として検量線を作成し、カルバゾール・硫酸法にて測定した。
【0027】
実施例1
5mm幅に切断したミツイシコンブのアルコール抽出残渣100gに、0.5N塩酸500gを添加して90℃で1時間加熱した。その後、1.0Nとなるように塩酸を追加してさらに1時間加熱した。加熱終了後、市水250mlと共に炭酸ナトリウムでpHを4.5に調整し、セルラーゼ(セルラーゼT「アマノ」4、天野製薬(株)製)を0.5g、ペクチナーゼ(ペクチナーゼG「アマノ」、天野製薬(株)製)を0.3g添加して50℃、15時間酵素分解を行った。反応終了後、80℃、20分間加熱して酵素失活を行い、pH6.0に中和後、濾過してアルギン酸ナトリウム4.1%を含むBrix10.0%の昆布エキス780gを得た。そして、この昆布エキスサンプルについて下記の条件でゲル濾過法による分子量分画を行った。その結果を図1に示す。
【0028】
また、このサンプルをBrix40%まで濃縮して(濃縮液:灰分21.0%、塩分16.4%)、偏光ゼーマン原子吸光光度計(Z−5300、日立製)でサンプル中に含まれるミネラル成分の測定を行った。その結果を表1に示す。
(ゲル濾過条件)
・カラムサイズ:22mm×100cm
・ゲル剤:トヨパールHW−55S
・移動相:0.5%NaCl(pH8.0)
・流速:1.0ml/min
・フラクション:5min(ml)/本
・発色:分子量標品は、フェノール・硫酸法で発色して480nm吸光度測定、アルギン酸ナトリウム標品及び実施例1サンプルは、カルバゾール・硫酸法で発色して530nm吸光度測定
(サンプル)
・分子量標品:プルランSTANDARD P−82(MW.3.8×105、4.8×104、5.8×103、フナコシ製)、グルコース
・アルギン酸標品:低分子アルギン酸Na「ソルギン」(AV MW.5.0×104、カイゲン製)
・実施例1昆布エキス
【0029】
【表1】

Figure 0004017783
【0030】
図1から、実施例1サンプルのアルギン酸ナトリウムの分子量は、約700〜80,000の範囲に分布し、分子量約13,000(フラクションNo.35)のものが最も多く含まれていることが分かった。
【0031】
実施例2
1cm幅に切断した素干しのリシリコンブ100gに、実施例1と同様の処理を施し、アルギン酸ナトリウム2.5%を含むBrix11.6%の昆布エキス830gを得た。このサンプルについて実施例1と同様にミネラル成分の分析を行った結果を表2に示す。
【0032】
【表2】
Figure 0004017783
【0033】
実施例3
1cm幅に切断したリシリコンブのアルコール抽出残渣100gに、実施例1と同様の処理を施し、アルギン酸ナトリウム3.2%を含むBrix8.7%の昆布エキス900gを得た。このサンプルについて実施例1と同様にミネラル成分の分析を行った結果を表3に示す。
【0034】
【表3】
Figure 0004017783
【0035】
実施例4
実施例2及び3で得られた昆布エキスに、固形分の半量の賦形剤を添加して噴霧乾燥を行い、それぞれのエキスパウダーを得た。各エキスパウダーのスペックを表4に示す。
【0036】
【表4】
Figure 0004017783
【0037】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、低分子アルギン酸やミネラル成分をバランスよく含有した昆布エキスを得ることができる。また、本発明の昆布エキスは、その加工のしやすさから通常の食品への利用はもとより、健康食品あるいは美容食品といった様々な分野への応用が期待できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 ゲル濾過による分子量分画の結果を示すグラフである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a kelp extract containing a low-molecular alginic acid and a mineral component, and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, seaweeds such as kelp have been widely used for daily diet since ancient times, and are effective for maintaining health and preventing aging.
[0003]
For example, alginic acid (alginate), which is the main intercellular viscous polysaccharide of kelp, is known to have a blood pressure lowering action and the like, and has been extensively studied. In addition, due to its functions such as thickening, gelation, and moisture retention, it is used in foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, processed textiles, and a wide variety of other applications.
[0004]
Furthermore, low molecular weight alginic acid obtained by acid hydrolysis of alginic acid has an intestinal regulating action, an action to improve blood cholesterol, and the like, and is used for health foods (JP-A-6-90703, JP-A-6-253780, JP-A-6-7093).
[0005]
The trace mineral components contained in kelp are attracting attention for improving the mineral balance in the body such as excessive intake of sodium and calcium deficiency, and a method for efficiently extracting trace mineral components from kelp has also been proposed (specialty). No. 5-77379).
[0006]
Regarding the production method of alginic acid (alginate), many reports and patent applications have been made, and production is carried out industrially.
[0007]
In addition, as a method for extracting soy sauce components such as glutamic acid from kelp or the like, a hot water extraction method, an alcohol extraction method, a method combining these extraction methods, and the like have already been established industrially.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the extraction method described above can efficiently extract the target component, but other effective components may be left unextracted or lost in the extraction process, and may not be used effectively. There were many.
[0009]
Generally, alginic acid is extracted by solubilizing with an alkaline agent such as sodium carbonate, but the viscosity of the extract is very high, and it is diluted with a large amount of water to improve the yield. The process was cumbersome. Further, mineral components and the like are removed as much as possible by acid washing for increasing the purity and a method for recovering alginic acid using an acid.
[0010]
On the other hand, when extracting a mineral component, since other components, such as alginic acid, become a factor of a yield fall, the process which is not extracted as much as possible is taken.
[0011]
And in hot water extraction method and alcohol extraction method to extract soup stock components, alginic acid and mineral components are not extracted so much and are abundantly contained in the residue, but most of them are discarded. Currently.
[0012]
Therefore, there has never been a kelp extract containing moderate amounts of alginic acid and mineral components, which are active ingredients of kelp.
[0013]
Eating kelp itself is one of the most effective ways to ingest various components of kelp. However, it is generally difficult to eat kelp itself in large quantities in daily life. .
[0014]
That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a kelp extract containing alginic acid and a mineral component contained in kelp and a method for producing the same.
[0015]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
To achieve the above object, the present onset Ming is 0.5 to 5 hours of heat treatment at a temperature range of 60 to 120 ° C. kelp dilute hydrochloric acid solution in 0.1~3.0N or a dilute sulfuric acid solution Thus, the present invention provides a method for producing a kombu extract, characterized in that alginic acid in the kombu is reduced in molecular weight and then subjected to cellulase and / or pectinase treatment.
[0016]
The kelp extract obtained by the method for producing a kelp extract of the present invention contains a large amount of alginic acid and mineral components, and can be expected to have the same effect as eating kelp itself by adding it to various foods and drinks. Moreover, since alginic acid is low molecular weight, it has a low viscosity and can be used for a wide range of foods.
[0017]
According to the method for producing a kelp extract of the present invention, the obtained kelp extract is 30 to 70 parts by weight of low molecular weight alginic acid having a molecular weight of 300,000 or less, 100 parts by weight of solids, 25 parts by weight or less of sodium ions , and potassium ions. Extract containing 2 to 10 parts by weight of calcium, 0.5 to 2 parts by weight of calcium ions , 0.3 to 1.5 parts by weight of magnesium ions , and 0.0005 to 0.02 parts by weight of iron ions Can be provided.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The kelp used as a raw material in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it belongs to the Kombu family among brown algae. It is not limited. These kelp may be intact algae, or may be a residue obtained by hot water extraction or alcohol extraction, and the form is subjected to mechanical processing such as chopping, crushing, and pulverizing regardless of whether it is wet or dry. Is preferred.
[0019]
The kelp extract of the present invention can be extracted by the following method.
-Acid treatment Preferably, the pre-treated kelp is first heat-treated in a dilute acid solution. By treating in a dilute acid solution, the alginic acid contained in the kelp can be insolubilized to prevent an increase in the viscosity of the treatment liquid, and the alginic acid can be reduced in molecular weight by heating. Furthermore, the tissue of the kelp is softened by these, and the enzyme is likely to act in the subsequent enzyme treatment step.
[0020]
In the present invention, a 0.1 to 3.0N, preferably 0.5 to 2.0N hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid solution is preferably used as the diluted acid solution. If the dilute acid solution is less than 0.1 N, the destruction of the cell tissue is weak, and the alginic acid is not sufficiently insolubilized, so that the viscosity of the treatment liquid increases and the extraction efficiency decreases, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if it exceeds 3.0N, the amount of the alkaline agent used for neutralization increases, so that the original mineral balance of kelp changes greatly, which is not preferable.
[0021]
Moreover, although the quantity of a dilute acid solution is based also on the state of a raw material, the raw material should just fully immerse in a dilute acid solution, 3-50 times amount of kelp weight, Preferably 5-20 times amount is used. If the amount of the dilute acid solution is small, the viscosity is increased and the recovery rate of the extract is deteriorated. If the amount is large, the extraction efficiency is increased, but the extract concentration is lowered and the process becomes complicated, which is not preferable.
[0022]
The heating temperature is adjusted to 60 to 120 ° C., preferably 70 to 100 ° C., and the heating time is preferably 0.5 to 5 hours, preferably about 1 to 3 hours.
[0023]
・ Enzyme treatment After the above acid treatment, cellulase and / or pectinase is then allowed to act, thereby making it easier to extract the extract component by breaking the cell wall, reducing the viscosity of the treatment solution, and reducing the low molecular weight alginic acid and mineral components. The contained kelp extract can be obtained efficiently.
[0024]
The cellulase as long as it has a natural insoluble cellulose resolution (C 1 enzymatic activity) is not particularly limited, commercially available ones can be used. Similarly, commercially available pectinases can be used.
[0025]
The amount of the enzyme added, the reaction temperature, and the treatment time may be appropriately set so that the viscosity of the treatment liquid is 1,000 cps or less, preferably 500 cps or less.
[0026]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.
In addition, about the sodium alginate content, the calibration curve was created using sodium alginate "AD-3" (manufactured by Kimitsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) as a standard, and measured by the carbazole / sulfuric acid method.
[0027]
Example 1
500 g of 0.5N hydrochloric acid was added to 100 g of an alcoholic extraction residue of honey comb cut to a width of 5 mm and heated at 90 ° C. for 1 hour. Thereafter, hydrochloric acid was added to 1.0 N and the mixture was further heated for 1 hour. After the heating, the pH was adjusted to 4.5 with sodium carbonate with 250 ml of city water, 0.5 g of cellulase (Cellulase T “Amano” 4, Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), pectinase (Pectinase G “Amano”), Amano 0.3 g (manufactured by Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was added and enzymatic degradation was performed at 50 ° C. for 15 hours. After completion of the reaction, the enzyme was deactivated by heating at 80 ° C. for 20 minutes, neutralized to pH 6.0, and filtered to obtain 780 g of Brix 10.0% kelp extract containing 4.1% sodium alginate. And the molecular weight fractionation by the gel filtration method was performed about this kelp extract sample on condition of the following. The result is shown in FIG.
[0028]
In addition, this sample is concentrated to Brix 40% (concentrate: ash content 21.0%, salinity 16.4%), and mineral components contained in the sample with a polarized Zeeman atomic absorption photometer (Z-5300, manufactured by Hitachi) Was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
(Gel filtration conditions)
-Column size: 22mm x 100cm
・ Gel: Toyopearl HW-55S
Mobile phase: 0.5% NaCl (pH 8.0)
・ Flow rate: 1.0 ml / min
-Fraction: 5 min (ml) / book-Color development: Molecular weight sample is colored by phenol / sulfuric acid method and measured at 480 nm absorbance, Sodium alginate sample and Example 1 sample are colored by carbazole / sulfuric acid method and absorbance at 530 nm Measurement (sample)
・ Molecular weight standard: Pullulan STANDARD P-82 (MW. 3.8 × 10 5 , 4.8 × 10 4 , 5.8 × 10 3 , manufactured by Funakoshi), glucose / alginate standard: low molecular weight sodium alginate “Sorgin (AV MW. 5.0 × 10 4 , manufactured by Kaigen)
Example 1 Kelp extract [0029]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004017783
[0030]
1 shows that the molecular weight of sodium alginate of the sample of Example 1 is distributed in the range of about 700 to 80,000, and the molecular weight of about 13,000 (fraction No. 35) is the most contained. It was.
[0031]
Example 2
The same treatment as in Example 1 was applied to 100 g of dried risibib cut to a width of 1 cm to obtain 830 g of Brix 11.6% kelp extract containing 2.5% sodium alginate. Table 2 shows the results of analyzing the mineral components of this sample in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0032]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004017783
[0033]
Example 3
The same treatment as in Example 1 was performed on 100 g of alcohol extracted residue of resilib cut to a width of 1 cm to obtain 900 g of Brix 8.7% kelp extract containing 3.2% sodium alginate. Table 3 shows the results of analyzing the mineral components of this sample in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0034]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004017783
[0035]
Example 4
The kelp extract obtained in Examples 2 and 3 was added with an excipient of half the solid content and spray-dried to obtain each extract powder. Table 4 shows the specifications of each extract powder.
[0036]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004017783
[0037]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, a kelp extract containing a low molecular weight alginic acid and a mineral component in a balanced manner can be obtained. In addition, the kelp extract of the present invention is expected to be applied to various fields such as health foods and beauty foods as well as use for ordinary foods because of its ease of processing.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of molecular weight fractionation by gel filtration.

Claims (2)

昆布を0.1〜3.0Nの希塩酸溶液中又は希硫酸溶液中で60〜120℃の温度範囲にて0.5〜5時間加熱処理することにより該昆布中のアルギン酸を低分子化した後、次いでセルラーゼ及び/又はペクチナーゼ処理を施すことを特徴とする昆布エキスの製造方法。After reducing the molecular weight of alginic acid in the kelp by heating the kelp in a 0.1 to 3.0 N dilute hydrochloric acid solution or a dilute sulfuric acid solution at a temperature range of 60 to 120 ° C. for 0.5 to 5 hours. Then, cellulase and / or pectinase treatment is performed. 得られる昆布エキスが、固形分100重量部当たり、分子量30万以下の低分子アルギン酸が30〜70重量部、ナトリウムイオンが25重量部以下、カリウムイオンが2〜10重量部、カルシウムイオンが0.5〜2重量部、マグネシウムイオンが0.3〜1.5重量部、鉄イオンが0.0005〜0.02重量部含有するものである請求項1に記載の昆布エキスの製造方法 The obtained kelp extract has 30 to 70 parts by weight of low molecular weight alginic acid having a molecular weight of 300,000 or less, 25 parts by weight or less of sodium ions, 2 to 10 parts by weight of potassium ions, and 0. 5. The method for producing a kelp extract according to claim 1, comprising 5 to 2 parts by weight, 0.3 to 1.5 parts by weight of magnesium ions, and 0.0005 to 0.02 parts by weight of iron ions .
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KR101084939B1 (en) 2009-08-27 2011-11-17 강릉원주대학교산학협력단 Composition comprising the extract of sea algae for preventing and treating hypertension
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