JP4003531B2 - Aqueous polymer composition - Google Patents

Aqueous polymer composition Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4003531B2
JP4003531B2 JP2002136196A JP2002136196A JP4003531B2 JP 4003531 B2 JP4003531 B2 JP 4003531B2 JP 2002136196 A JP2002136196 A JP 2002136196A JP 2002136196 A JP2002136196 A JP 2002136196A JP 4003531 B2 JP4003531 B2 JP 4003531B2
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polymer
aqueous
functional group
acrylic
aqueous polymer
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JP2003327774A (en
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明美 纐纈
聡 栢森
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Toagosei Co Ltd
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Toagosei Co Ltd
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  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、特定のアクリル系重合体を水性の可塑剤として使用する技術に関するものであり、詳しくは該アクリル系重合体からなる水性可塑剤と水性重合体とが混合されて得られる水性重合体組成物に関するものである。上記水性重合体組成物は、塗料、インク用バインダー、コーティング剤、接着剤、化粧料、粘着剤等の用途に使用できる。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
フタル酸エステル類は可塑剤として多用されているが環境ホルモンとしての有害性のため、代替可塑剤が望まれている。
国際公開特許WO 01/83619号公報にはビニル単量体を高温で重合させて得られるアクリル系重合体からなる可塑剤が開示されている。しかし、該公報に記載のアクリル系重合体を水性重合体用の可塑剤として使用すると、アクリル系重合体が安定に分散しないために、沈降や浮きなどの分離が起きて可塑剤として機能しない場合や、見かけ上分散していても可塑化効果すなわち水性重合体に柔軟性を付与する効果が不充分である場合がある。
国際公開特許WO 01/04163号公報には、本発明と類似のアクリル系重合体および水性重合体を含有する水性樹脂分散体が記載されている。しかし、該発明はもともとアクリル系重合体を高分子乳化剤として利用する技術に関するもので、水性重合体の可塑化を意図したものではなく、目的によっては可塑化の程度が充分ではないため用途が制限される場合がある。
国際公開特許WO 01/88052号公報には、本発明と類似のアクリル系重合体および水性重合体を含有する水性粘着剤組成物が記載されている。しかし、該発明はもともとアクリル系重合体を粘着付与剤として利用する技術に関するもので、水性重合体の可塑化を意図したものではなく、目的によっては可塑化の程度が充分ではないため用途が制限される場合がある。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、環境ホルモン作用や臭気など環境への影響が少ない可塑剤が配合され、効果的に柔軟性が付与された水性重合体組成物およびその利用技術を提供しようとするものである。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために請求項1に記載の発明の水性重合体組成物は、酸性官能基を有するビニル単量体および疎水性ビニル単量体を含有し酸性官能基濃度が0.5〜10meq/gである単量体混合物を180〜350℃の温度で、重合開始剤を単量体混合物に対して1質量%以下の濃度で使用し、重合させて得られる重量平均分子量が10000以下であり、重合体の酸性官能基濃度が0.5〜10meq/gであるアクリル系重合体の塩基による中和率が50〜100%であるアクリル系重合体中和物の水溶液とアクリル系重合体、スチレン−アクリル系重合体、酢酸ビニル系重合体、エチレン−酢酸ビニル系重合体、ウレタン系重合体、スチレン−ブタジエン系重合体、合成ゴム系重合体、オレフィン系重合体、アルキッド系重合体の中から選ばれる少なくとも1つの重合体であり、重量平均分子量が10000を超える水性重合体とを混合させて得られることを特徴とするものである。請求項に記載の発明の水性重合体組成物は、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の発明において、アクリル系重合体が−80〜10℃のガラス転移温度を有することを特徴とするものである。請求項に記載の発明の水性重合体組成物は、請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の発明において、水性重合体100質量部を基準とするアクリル系重合体の割合が0.5〜200質量部であることを特徴とするものである。請求項に記載の発明のフロアポリッシュ組成物は、請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の水性重合体組成物を含有することを特徴とするものである。請求項に記載の発明の接着剤組成物は、請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の水性重合体組成物を含有することを特徴とするものである。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施形態について詳細に説明する。本明細書において「(メタ)アクリル」とは「アクリルまたはメタクリル」を意味する。本発明の水性重合体組成物は、酸性官能基を有するビニル単量体および疎水性ビニル単量体を含有し酸性官能基濃度が0.5〜10meq/gである単量体混合物を180〜350℃の温度で、重合開始剤を単量体混合物に対して1質量%以下の濃度で使用し、重合させて得られる重量平均分子量が10000以下であり、重合体の酸性官能基濃度が0.5〜10meq/gであるアクリル系重合体(以下、単にアクリル系重合体ともいう。)の塩基による中和物の水溶液と重量平均分子量が10000を超える水性重合体(以下、単に水性重合体ともいう。)とを混合させて得られるものである。
【0006】
アクリル系重合体は、酸性官能基を有するビニル単量体および疎水性ビニル単量体を含有し酸性官能基濃度が0.5〜10meq/gである単量体混合物を180〜350℃の温度で、重合開始剤を単量体混合物に対して1質量%以下の濃度で使用し、重合させて得られる重量平均分子量が10000以下で、重合体の酸性官能基濃度が0.5〜10meq/gであり、塩基による中和物の水溶液の状態で水性重合体と混合され、水性の可塑剤として機能する、すなわち水性重合体に柔軟性を付与するものである。
【0007】
酸性官能基を有するビニル単量体としては、カルボキシル基含有ビニル単量体、スルホン酸基含有ビニル単量体などが挙げられる。カルボキシル基含有単量体とは、酸無水物基のように加水分解などによりカルボキシル基に転化される官能基を有する単量体も包含する。カルボキシル基含有ビニル単量体の具体例としては、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、クロトン酸、ビニル酢酸、アクリロキシプロピオン酸等の不飽和一塩基酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸、メサコン酸、シトラコン酸、イタコン酸、シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸等の不飽和二塩基酸、マレイン酸無水物、テトラヒドロフタル酸無水物等の不飽和酸無水物が挙げられる。スルホン酸基含有ビニル単量体の具体例としては、アリルスルホン酸、スチレンスルホン酸、ビニルスルホン酸、アリルホスホン酸、ビニルホスホン酸、2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸などがあげられる。
これらの酸性官能基を有するビニル単量体のうち、水性重合体組成物を塗布、乾燥して得られる被膜の耐水性が優れたものとなるために、カルボキシル基含有単量体が好ましく、なかでもアクリル酸およびメタクリル酸が他の各種単量体との共重合性が良好なため特に好ましい。
【0008】
疎水性単量体とは、20℃における水への溶解度が2質量%以下の単量体を意味し、例えば、メタクリル酸メチル、(メタ)アクリル酸エチル、(メタ)アクリル酸プロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸ブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル、(メタ)アクリル酸シクロヘキシル、(メタ)アクリル酸ステアリル、(メタ)アクリル酸ラウリル、(メタ)アクリル酸イソボルニル、及び、(メタ)アクリル酸パーフルオロアルキル等の炭素数が1〜22のアルキル基を有するメタアクリル酸エステル及び、炭素数が2〜22のアクリル酸エステル、プロピオン酸ビニル、及びスチレンが挙げられる。高い重合度のアクリル系重合体が得られるので、アクリル酸エステル類が好ましい。
【0009】
重合に供される単量体混合物は、上記酸性官能基を有するビニル単量体および疎水性ビニル単量体を含有するものであり、酸性官能基を有するビニル単量体を含有する割合は、単量体混合物中の酸性官能基濃度が0.5〜10meq/gとなる範囲で決められる。単量体混合物中の酸性官能基濃度は0.7〜9meq/gが好ましく、1.0〜8meq/gがより好ましい。「meq/g」は試料1g中に含まれる官能基のミリ当量数である。酸性官能基濃度が低すぎると、アクリル系重合体の塩基による中和物が水溶性の不充分なものとなったり、水性重合体との相溶性が不充分なものとなったりする。酸性官能基濃度が高すぎると得られるアクリル系重合体の塩基による中和物が添加された水性重合体組成物が、該組成物を塗布、乾燥して得られる被膜の耐水性の悪いものとなる。
【0010】
単量体混合物は、酸性官能基を有するビニル単量体および疎水性ビニル単量体以外のビニル単量体、すなわち酸性官能基を有しない親水性ビニル単量体を含んでいてもよい。そのようなビニル単量体としては、アクリル酸メチル、(メタ)アクリルアミド、(メタ)アクリル酸ヒドロキシエチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ヒドロキシプロピル、酢酸ビニルが挙げられる。親水性単量体とは、20℃における水への溶解度が2質量%より大きい単量体を意味する。
【0011】
これらの単量体の使用割合は単量体混合物中の酸性官能基濃度が上記条件を満たすように決められるが、酸性官能基を有するビニル単量体、疎水性ビニル単量体および酸性官能基を有しない親水性ビニル単量体の割合がそれぞれ3〜75質量%、25〜97質量%および0〜40質量%であることが好ましく、5〜70質量%、30〜95質量%および0〜30質量%であることがより好ましく、7〜60質量%、40〜93質量%および0〜20質量%であることがさらに好ましい。
【0012】
上記単量体混合物は180〜350℃の温度で重合される。重合温度を180〜350℃に設定することにより、重合開始剤や連鎖移動剤を使用することなくまたは少量の使用により比較的低分子量のアクリル系重合体を得ることができ、水性可塑剤として優れた性能を発揮する。重合温度が180℃未満の場合、重合に使用する重合開始剤や連鎖移動剤が多く必要となり、得られるアクリル系重合体が着色したり、臭気が発生したりする。重合温度が350℃を越える場合、分解反応が起きやすく、得られたアクリル系重合体が着色するおそれがある。アクリル系重合体を製造するための好ましい重合方法は、連続で行う塊状重合法又は溶液重合法である。このような高温重合により、分子量分布を小さくできるために、可塑化効果の良好な重合体が得られる。なお、重合開始剤は使用することも、使用しないで重合させることもできるが、使用する場合には1質量%以下の濃度とすることが好ましい。
【0013】
上記単量体混合物を重合させて得られるアクリル系重合体は、重量平均分子量が10000以下の低分子量のものである必要があり、8000以下が好ましく、6000以下がより好ましく、5000以下がさらに好ましい。重量平均分子量が10000を超えると十分な可塑化効果が発揮できない。重量平均分子量の下限は特にないが、通常得られるアクリル系重合体の重量平均分子量は500以上である。
【0014】
アクリル系重合体は示差走査熱量測定法(DSC)で測定したガラス転移温度(Tg)が−80〜10℃のものが好ましく、−80〜0℃のものがより好ましい。10℃を超える場合にはアクリル系重合体が硬くなって可塑剤としての性能を発揮できなくなることもある。
【0015】
上記酸性官能基を有するアクリル系重合体は、塩基による中和物として水溶液にされる。アクリル系重合体の中和に用いる塩基としては、アンモニア、沸点が140℃以下の低沸点アミン化合物等が挙げられる。低沸点アミンの具体例としては、トリメチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、ジメチルエチルアミン、N−メチルモルホリン、t−ブタノールアミン、モルホリン、ジメチルエタノールアミン等が挙げられる。
【0016】
塩基によるアクリル系重合体の中和率すなわち酸性官能基が中和されている割合は、50〜100%であり、70〜100%であることがより好ましい。つまり部分中和であっても完全中和であっても良いが、アクリル系重合体の全量が水に溶解する必要がある。中和率の上限は当然100%であるが、酸性官能基に対して過剰の塩基が存在していてもよい。
【0017】
中和率が小さすぎるとアクリル系重合体の水溶性が不足し、水性重合体との混合が不充分となって可塑化効果が小さいものになったり、該アクリル系重合体が添加された水性重合体組成物が安定性の悪いものになったりする。アクリル系重合体は水性重合体と混合される前に中和されている必要があり、中和されていないアクリル系重合体が水性重合体との混合後に中和されても充分な可塑化効果が発揮できない。
【0018】
国際公開特許WO 01/88052号公報には、本発明と類似のアクリル系重合体および水性重合体を含有する水性粘着剤組成物が記載されている(合成例3、実施例5、6)。しかし、該発明はもともとアクリル系重合体を粘着付与剤として利用する技術に関するもので、水性重合体の可塑化を意図したものではなく、目的によっては可塑化の程度が充分ではない。上記公報に具体的に記載されているアクリル系重合体は、水性重合体と混合される前に中和されていないものであり、その結果アクリル系重合体と水性重合体との相溶が不足し、充分な可塑化効果が発揮できないことがあると推測している。
【0019】
本発明に使用される水性重合体は、水または水を主体とする溶媒(以下、水性溶媒という。)に溶解または分散される重量平均分子量が10000を超える重合体である。水性重合体の例としては、アクリル系重合体、スチレン−アクリル系重合体、酢酸ビニル系重合体、エチレン−酢酸ビニル系重合体、ウレタン系重合体、スチレン−ブタジエン系重合体、合成ゴム系重合体、オレフィン系重合体、アルキッド系重合体が挙げられ、これらは水溶液、エマルション、サスペンション等の状態のものを使用することができる。
【0020】
本発明の水性重合体組成物は、上記アクリル系重合体の塩基による中和物の水溶液と水性重合体とを均一に混合させて得られる。アクリル系重合体の塩基による中和物の存在下に水性媒体中でビニル単量体を重合させて水性重合体を生成させる方法により得られる水性重合体組成物は充分に可塑化されないため本発明の技術的範囲に含まれない。このような、本発明と異なるが類似の水性重合体組成物の製造方法として、上記のアクリル系重合体と類似の重合体の存在下(該重合体を高分子乳化剤として使用して)、水性媒体中でビニル単量体を乳化重合させる方法が知られている(国際公開特許WO 01/04163号公報)が、該発明はもともとアクリル系重合体を高分子乳化剤として利用する技術に関するもので、水性重合体の可塑化を意図したものではなく、目的によっては可塑化(柔軟性付与)の程度が充分ではない。上記公報に記載された発明においては、アクリル系重合体がビニル単量体の乳化重合の際に共重合されるので、高分子乳化剤であるアクリル系重合体の多くがエマルション粒子表面に固定され、水性重合体中に均一に分布しにくいために可塑化の効果が不充分になることがあると推測している。水性重合体が上記公報に記載の方法により製造される場合にも、別途アクリル系重合体の塩基による中和物の水溶液が混合されることにより、良好に可塑化される水性重合体組成物が得られる。
【0021】
本発明の水性重合体組成物は、水性重合体100質量部を基準とするアクリル系重合体の割合が0.5〜200質量部であるものが好ましく、1〜180質量部であるものがより好ましく、3〜150質量部であるものがさらに好ましい。アクリル系重合体の割合が少なすぎると可塑化効果が充分でなく、多すぎると組成物を塗布して得られる被膜の強度が小さいものとなる場合がある。上記質量部はいずれも固形分(溶媒を含まない成分)についてのものである。
【0022】
本発明の水性重合体組成物は、例えば基材の表面に塗布、乾燥することにより耐水性が優れ、柔軟性が調整された被膜を形成できる。
本発明の水性重合体組成物は、塗料、インク用バインダー、コーティング剤、接着剤、化粧料、粘着剤等の用途に好適に使用できる。目的に応じて充填剤、顔料、染料、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤、香料、ワックス、成膜助剤などが添加されたものであってもよい。また、上記アクリル系重合体および水性重合体以外の重合体が添加されたものであってもよい。
【0023】
本発明の水性重合体組成物は、特にフロアポリッシュ材料として好適に使用できる。フロアポリッシュ材料としては、通常ワックス、成膜助剤などが添加される。
また、本発明の水性重合体組成物は、特に接着剤としても好適に使用できる。
【0024】
【実施例】
以下、実施例及び比較例を挙げて、本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。以下の記載において「部」は質量部を意味し、「%」は質量%を意味する。また、固形分とは、150℃の熱風乾燥機にて30分間揮発成分を除去した後に残る成分のことを意味する。
【0025】
(合成例)
(重合体1)
電熱式ヒータを備えた容量300mlの加圧式攪拌槽型反応器を、3−エトキシプロピオン酸エチルで満たし、温度を230℃にして、圧力調節器により圧力をゲージ圧で2.45〜2.65MPa(25〜27kg/cm2)に保った。次いで、反応器の圧力を一定に保ちながら、単量体としてアクリル酸n−ブチル(以下、BAという。)95部とアクリル酸(以下、AAという。)5部、溶剤としてイソプロピルアルコール20部、重合開始剤としてジターシャリブチルパーオキサイド0.5部からなる単量体混合物を、一定の供給速度(23g/分、滞留時間:13分)で原料タンクから反応器に連続供給を開始した。そして、単量体混合物の供給量に相当する反応物を出口から連続的に抜き出した。送液直後に、一旦反応温度が低下した後、重合熱による温度上昇が認められたが、ヒータを制御することにより、反応温度を230℃に保持した。
単量体混合物の供給開始後温度が安定した時点を、反応液の回収開始点とし、これから154分間反応を継続した結果、2000gの単量体混合液を供給し、1950gの反応液を回収した。
得られた反応液を薄膜蒸発器に導入して、235℃、30mmHgの減圧下で、未反応単量体および溶剤等の揮発成分を除去し、約1500gの液状樹脂(重合体1)を得た。ガスクロマトグラフ分析の結果、液状樹脂中の未反応単量体は0.5%以下であった。
中和滴定により求めた重合体1の酸価すなわち酸性官能基濃度は0.70meq/gであった。また、溶媒としてテトラヒドロフランを使用し、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフ(以下、GPCという。)より求めた分子量をポリスチレン換算した重合体1の数平均分子量(以下、Mnという。)は1950、重量平均分子量(以下、Mwという。)は3000であった。Tgは−43℃であった。
重合体1が有している酸性官能基と当モル量のアンモニアを含むアンモニア水を添加することにより重合体1の100%中和水溶液(固形分40%)を得た。
【0026】
(重合体2〜14)
使用する単量体の組成を表1に示すように変更し、それ以外は上記した重合体1の製造の場合と同様に操作して重合体2〜14をそれぞれ得た。得られた各重合体についてMwと酸性官能基濃度を測定した結果を表1に示す。尚、表1中のHAはアクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル、EAはアクリル酸エチル、C1はアクリル酸メトキシエチル、MAAはメタクリル酸、MAはアクリル酸メチルである。
【0027】
(重合体15)
攪拌機、還流冷却器、温度計、窒素導入管を備えた反応容器内にBA80部、AA20部、ドデシルメルカプタン5部、AIBN1.5部およびメチルエチルケトン100部を仕込み、窒素雰囲気下で80℃に4時間加熱して重合させた。その後に、更に0.5部のAIBNを投入して80℃で5時間加熱し、固形分濃度50%の共重合体(重合体15)のメチルエチルケトン溶液を得た。重合体15の酸価は2.70meq/gであった。共重合体の分子量をGPCにより測定したところ、Mnは2210、Mwは4020であった。Tgは−21℃であった。得られた重合体15のメチルエチルケトン溶液に、該重合体が有する酸性官能基と等モル量のアンモニアを含むアンモニア水を加えて中和し、減圧下に脱溶剤して重合体15の100%中和水溶液(固形分40%)を得た。
【0028】
【表1】

Figure 0004003531
【0029】
(実施例1〜11および比較例1〜5)
攪拌機、還流冷却器、2個の滴下ロート、温度計、窒素導入管を備えた反応容器内にイオン交換水60部を仕込み80℃に昇温した。
メチルメタクリレート(以下、MMAという。)58部、BA40部、MAA2部からなる単量体混合物に、ラウリル硫酸ソーダ1部及びイオン交換水40部を加えて乳化させた。得られた単量体乳化液および5%過硫酸アンモニウム(以下、APSという。)水溶液10部をそれぞれ別の滴下ロートにより4時間かけて連続的に反応容器内に滴下して乳化重合させた。滴下終了後、反応容器内を40℃に1時間保った後に系を冷却して重合を終了させた。
得られた水性重合体にイオン交換水を加え、固形分を40%に調整した後、表1に示す重合体又は汎用の可塑剤ジブチルフタレート(以下、DBPという。)をそれぞれ固形分換算で10部配合した。
【0030】
得られた配合液(重合体組成物)を用いて以下(1)〜(5)に示される安定性、臭気、硬度、密着性、加熱減量について評価を行った。評価結果を表2に示す。
(1)安定性:各試料(配合液)を室温に放置し、1週間後の沈降、浮き、凝集の有無を目視で評価した。
(2)臭気:各試料(配合液)の臭いを10名のパネラーに嗅いでもらい、下記評価基準で評価を行った。
○:ほとんど臭気なし
△:臭気あり
×:臭気が強い
(3)硬度:各試料(配合液)を厚さが2mmとなるように40℃の乾燥機中で1週間成膜させた。この試料のショア硬度(タイプD)をJISK6301に準じて測定した。
(4)密着性:各試料(配合液)をアルミ板上に厚さが20μmとなるように塗布し、120℃の乾燥機中で3分間乾燥させた。得られた試料をJISK5400に準じて碁盤目テープ法にて測定した。
(5)加熱減量:重合体1から15およびDBPを120℃で2時間加熱し、加熱処理前後の質量変化から加熱による質量減少率を求めた。
【0031】
【表2】
Figure 0004003531
【0032】
(比較例6)
攪拌機、還流冷却器、2個の滴下ロート、温度計、窒素導入管を備えた反応容器内にイオン交換水45部および重合体3のアンモニア中和水溶液(固形分40%)20部を仕込み80℃に昇温した。
MMA58部、BA32部からなる単量体混合物に、ラウリル硫酸ソーダ1部及びイオン交換水40部を加えて乳化させた。得られた単量体乳化液および5%APS水溶液10部をそれぞれ別の滴下ロートにより4時間かけて連続的に反応容器内に滴下して乳化重合させた。滴下終了後、反応容器内を40℃に1時間保った後に系を冷却して重合を終了させた。
得られた水性重合体組成物を用いて実施例1と同様の評価を行った。評価結果を表2に示す。
表2に示すように、実施例1〜11では、配合液の安定性、臭気および可塑化効果ともに良好(硬度が小さい)であった。これに対し、比較例1、3および6では可塑化効果が悪く(硬度が大きく)、比較例4では臭気が強かった。また、比較例2では配合液の安定性が悪く、比較例5では可塑剤の加熱による減量が著しかった。
【0033】
(実施例12〜15、比較例7〜8及び参考例1(フロアポリッシュへの応用))
攪拌機、還流冷却器、2個の滴下ロート、温度計、窒素導入管を備えた反応容器内にイオン交換水60部、ラウリル硫酸ソーダ1部を仕込み85℃に昇温した。
スチレン(以下、Stという。)20部、MMA48部、BA15部、MAA20部からなる単量体混合物に、ラウリル硫酸ソーダ0.5部及びイオン交換水35部を加えて乳化させた。得られた単量体乳化液および5%APS水溶液10部をそれぞれ別の滴下ロートにより3時間かけて連続的に反応容器内に滴下して乳化重合させた。滴下終了後、反応容器内を40℃に1時間保った後に系を冷却して重合を終了させた。
更に、重合体中のカルボキシル基に対して亜鉛のモルイオン当量が20%となるように重炭酸アンモニウムおよびアンモニア水を用いて可溶化した酸化亜鉛を混合して固形分濃度38%の水性重合体を得た。
更に、この水性重合体に表3に示すような比率で各種添加剤を添加して攪拌混合し、フロアポリッシュを得た。ここで添加する可塑剤は表4に示す重合体又は汎用の可塑剤トリブトキシフェニルフォスフェート(以下、TBXPという。)を使用した。
【0034】
【表3】
Figure 0004003531
【0035】
得られたフロアポリッシュを以下の基材に塗布して、膜付き試験片を作成し、該試験片を用いて後述する各種物性を評価した。評価結果を表4に示す。
(試験片の作成)
黒色のJFPA規格試験用標準タイル(ビニルアスベストタイル)を基材として用いた。基材は、水性艶出し剤を塗布する前に、住友スリーエム株式会社製51ラインレッドバッファーパッド(通称「赤パッド」)を用いてJISK3920記載の方法にて洗浄を行った。ちなみにこの洗浄条件は、実際にビル床などの艶出し用途に使用される場合に比較して、非常に穏やかな洗浄条件である。
【0036】
得られた基材面に対して、各水性艶出し剤を1平方メートルあたり20g程度になるように塗布し、室温で1時間乾燥した後に必要ならば複数回塗布をおこない、各試験片を得た。測定した物性項目は以下の通りである。
(1)レベリング性:1回塗布し、未乾燥状態の各試験片表面にガーゼにてX字状のマーク(以下、Xマークという。)を付け、乾燥させた。この表面状態を目視により観察し、5段階評価した。
5:Xマークが見られない。
4:Xマークの輪郭が一部光沢差として、わずかに見られる。
3:Xマークの輪郭が光沢差としてはっきり見られる。
2:Xマークが一部尾根状になって見られる。
1:Xマークが全体的に尾根状になり、凸凹である。
(2)光沢:4回塗布した各試験片表面について60度光沢を測定した。3回測定した平均値を示す。
(3)密着性:4回塗布した各試験片表面についてテープ剥離試験を行った。5回測定した平均の残膜面積率(%)を示す。
(4)耐水性:1回塗布した各試験片を相対湿度80%以下の室温にて一昼夜放置した後、塗布面に対して、0.2mlの蒸留水を滴下した。水滴を1時間保持した後に拭き取り、30分後の塗膜表面の白化度合いを目視により観察し、5段階評価した。
5:白化・損傷がない。
4:白化の輪郭がわずかに見られる。
3:部分的に白化が見られる。ブリスターなし。
2:全面的に白化が見られる。ブリスターなし。
1:ブリスターを伴った全面的な白化が見られる。
(5)耐ブラックヒールマーク性(耐BHM性ともいう。):3回塗布した各試験片を相対湿度80%以下の室温にて24時間放置した後、JISK3920に記載されているヒールマーク試験機にセットし、50mm角の標準ゴムブロックを6個投入した。50rpmの回転速度で2.5分間ずつ左右両回転し、塗膜表面に付いたブラックヒールマーク(BHM、黒色のこすれた様な汚れ)の量を目視により観察し、黒色のこすれた様な汚れがないものを5、ひどいものを1とする相対5段階評価をした。
【0037】
【表4】
Figure 0004003531
【0038】
表4に示すように、実施例12〜15では、レベリング性、光沢、耐水性、耐BHM性ともに良好であり、通常使用されるTBXPとほぼ同性能を示したほか、密着性が特に優れていた。これに対し、比較例7および8では、樹脂の可塑化が不充分なためにレベリング性や耐水性が非常に悪く、光沢や密着性も悪かった。なお、TBXPは揮発や付着などによって経時的に被膜から失われて被膜の性状が変化しやすいが、本発明のアクリル系重合体からなる可塑剤はそのようなことは少ない。
【0039】
(実施例16〜20、比較例9〜10及び参考例2(接着剤への応用))
攪拌機付きの反応容器内にイオン交換水120部、PVA(電気化学工業社製、商品名B−17)15部を加え、80℃に昇温した。PVAが完全に溶解したところで触媒(APSと炭酸水素ナトリウムそれぞれ0.3部をイオン交換水5.7部に溶解させた溶液)と、酢酸ビニル100部を滴下し重合を行った。固形分濃度40%の酢酸ビニル樹脂分散体を得た。
得られた酢酸ビニル樹脂分散体に、可塑剤として表5に示す重合体又は汎用の可塑剤DBPをそれぞれ固形分換算で10部配合し、接着剤組成物を得た。
得られた接着剤組成物を用いて以下(1)〜(3)に示されるエマルションの状態、接着強度、造膜性について評価を行った。評価結果を表5に示す。
(1)エマルションの状態:凝集しないものを良好とする。
(2)接着強度:JIS K 6852に基づき、圧縮せん段接着強度を測定した。使用試験片は、カバ材・カバ材の組み合わせを用いた。
(3)造膜性:JIS K 6804に基づき最低造膜温度により測定した値をしめし、次のように判定した。
○:0℃で造膜した。
×:0℃で造膜しなかった。
【0040】
【表5】
Figure 0004003531
【0041】
表5に示すように、実施例16〜20は汎用の可塑剤DBPを使用した参考例2と比較して、造膜性、接着強さの点でも遜色のない性能を示した。一方、比較例9および10は造膜温度が高いものになってしまった。
なお、DBPは揮発や付着などによって経時的に被膜から失われて被膜の性状が変化しやすいが、本発明のアクリル系重合体からなる可塑剤はそのようなことは少ない。
【0042】
【発明の効果】
環境ホルモン作用や臭気など環境への影響が少ない可塑剤が配合され、効果的に柔軟性が付与された水性重合体組成物が得られた。本発明の水性重合体組成物は、塗料、インク用バインダー、コーティング剤、接着剤、化粧料、粘着剤等の用途に使用できる。本発明の水性重合体組成物から得られる被膜は経時的な物性の変化も少ない。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a technique for using a specific acrylic polymer as an aqueous plasticizer, and more specifically, an aqueous polymer obtained by mixing an aqueous plasticizer comprising the acrylic polymer and an aqueous polymer. It relates to a composition. The aqueous polymer composition can be used for applications such as paints, ink binders, coating agents, adhesives, cosmetics, and pressure-sensitive adhesives.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Phthalate esters are widely used as plasticizers, but alternative plasticizers are desired because of their harmfulness as environmental hormones.
International Patent Publication No. WO 01/83619 discloses a plasticizer made of an acrylic polymer obtained by polymerizing a vinyl monomer at a high temperature. However, when the acrylic polymer described in the publication is used as a plasticizer for an aqueous polymer, the acrylic polymer does not stably disperse, so that separation such as sedimentation or floating occurs and it does not function as a plasticizer. Even if it is apparently dispersed, the plasticizing effect, that is, the effect of imparting flexibility to the aqueous polymer may be insufficient.
International Patent Publication WO 01/04163 describes an aqueous resin dispersion containing an acrylic polymer and an aqueous polymer similar to those of the present invention. However, the invention originally relates to a technology that uses an acrylic polymer as a polymer emulsifier, and is not intended to plasticize an aqueous polymer. Depending on the purpose, the degree of plasticization is not sufficient, so the use is limited. May be.
International Patent Publication WO 01/88052 describes an aqueous pressure-sensitive adhesive composition containing an acrylic polymer and an aqueous polymer similar to those of the present invention. However, the invention originally relates to a technology that uses an acrylic polymer as a tackifier, and is not intended to plasticize an aqueous polymer. Depending on the purpose, the degree of plasticization is not sufficient, so the use is limited. May be.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention intends to provide an aqueous polymer composition that is blended with a plasticizer that has little influence on the environment, such as environmental hormone action and odor, and is effectively imparted with flexibility, and a technique for using the same.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the aqueous polymer composition of the invention according to claim 1 includes a vinyl monomer having an acidic functional group and a hydrophobic vinyl monomer, and the acidic functional group concentration is 0.5 to 0.5. A monomer mixture which is 10 meq / g at a temperature of 180-350 ° C. , Using a polymerization initiator at a concentration of 1% by mass or less based on the monomer mixture, The weight average molecular weight obtained by polymerization is 10,000 or less The acidic functional group concentration of the polymer is 0.5 to 10 meq / g. An aqueous solution of an acrylic polymer neutralized product with a neutralization rate of 50 to 100% of the acrylic polymer and an acrylic polymer, styrene-acrylic polymer, vinyl acetate polymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate system It is at least one polymer selected from a polymer, a urethane polymer, a styrene-butadiene polymer, a synthetic rubber polymer, an olefin polymer, and an alkyd polymer, and the weight average molecular weight exceeds 10,000. It is obtained by mixing with an aqueous polymer. Claim 5 The aqueous polymer composition of the invention described in Any one of claims 1-4 In the invention described in item 3, the acrylic polymer has a glass transition temperature of -80 to 10 ° C. Claim 6 The aqueous polymer composition of the invention described in claim 1, 5 In the invention according to any one of the above, the ratio of the acrylic polymer based on 100 parts by mass of the aqueous polymer is 0.5 to 200 parts by mass. Claim 7 The floor polish composition of the invention described in claims 1 to 6 The water-based polymer composition described in any of the above is contained. Claim 8 The adhesive composition of the invention described in claim 1, 6 The water-based polymer composition described in any of the above is contained.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. In this specification, “(meth) acryl” means “acryl or methacryl”. The aqueous polymer composition of the present invention comprises a monomer mixture containing a vinyl monomer having an acidic functional group and a hydrophobic vinyl monomer and having an acidic functional group concentration of 0.5 to 10 meq / g. At a temperature of 350 ° C , Using a polymerization initiator at a concentration of 1% by mass or less based on the monomer mixture, The weight average molecular weight obtained by polymerization is 10,000 or less The acidic functional group concentration of the polymer is 0.5 to 10 meq / g. An aqueous solution of a neutralized product of an acrylic polymer (hereinafter also simply referred to as an acrylic polymer) and an aqueous polymer having a weight average molecular weight exceeding 10,000 (hereinafter also simply referred to as an aqueous polymer) are mixed. Is obtained.
[0006]
The acrylic polymer contains a vinyl monomer having an acidic functional group and a hydrophobic vinyl monomer, and a monomer mixture having an acidic functional group concentration of 0.5 to 10 meq / g is heated to a temperature of 180 to 350 ° C. so , Using a polymerization initiator at a concentration of 1% by mass or less based on the monomer mixture, The weight average molecular weight obtained by polymerization is 10,000 or more Below, the acidic functional group concentration of the polymer is 0.5-10 meq / g, It is mixed with an aqueous polymer in the state of an aqueous solution of a neutralized product by a base and functions as an aqueous plasticizer, that is, imparts flexibility to the aqueous polymer.
[0007]
Examples of the vinyl monomer having an acidic functional group include a carboxyl group-containing vinyl monomer and a sulfonic acid group-containing vinyl monomer. The carboxyl group-containing monomer includes a monomer having a functional group that is converted into a carboxyl group by hydrolysis or the like, such as an acid anhydride group. Specific examples of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl monomer include unsaturated monobasic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, vinyl acetic acid, acryloxypropionic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, mesaconic acid, citraconic acid, itacone Examples thereof include unsaturated dibasic acids such as acid and cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, and unsaturated acid anhydrides such as maleic anhydride and tetrahydrophthalic anhydride. Specific examples of the sulfonic acid group-containing vinyl monomer include allyl sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, allyl phosphonic acid, vinyl phosphonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, and the like.
Among these vinyl monomers having an acidic functional group, a carboxyl group-containing monomer is preferable because the water resistance of a film obtained by applying and drying an aqueous polymer composition is excellent. However, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid are particularly preferred because of good copolymerizability with other various monomers.
[0008]
The hydrophobic monomer means a monomer having a solubility in water at 20 ° C. of 2% by mass or less. For example, methyl methacrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, (meth ) Butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, stearyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate, isobornyl (meth) acrylate, and par (meth) acrylate Examples thereof include methacrylic acid esters having an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms such as fluoroalkyl, acrylic acid esters having 2 to 22 carbon atoms, vinyl propionate, and styrene. Acrylic esters are preferred because acrylic polymers with a high degree of polymerization are obtained.
[0009]
The monomer mixture subjected to polymerization contains the above-mentioned vinyl monomer having an acidic functional group and a hydrophobic vinyl monomer, and the proportion of the vinyl monomer having an acidic functional group is The acidic functional group concentration in the monomer mixture is determined within a range of 0.5 to 10 meq / g. The acidic functional group concentration in the monomer mixture is preferably 0.7 to 9 meq / g, more preferably 1.0 to 8 meq / g. “Meq / g” is the number of milliequivalents of functional groups contained in 1 g of the sample. If the acidic functional group concentration is too low, the neutralized product of the acrylic polymer with a base may be insufficient in water solubility or insufficient in compatibility with the aqueous polymer. An aqueous polymer composition to which a neutralized product of an acrylic polymer obtained when the acidic functional group concentration is too high is added is a coating film obtained by applying and drying the composition and has a poor water resistance. Become.
[0010]
The monomer mixture may contain a vinyl monomer other than a vinyl monomer having an acidic functional group and a hydrophobic vinyl monomer, that is, a hydrophilic vinyl monomer having no acidic functional group. Examples of such vinyl monomers include methyl acrylate, (meth) acrylamide, hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, and vinyl acetate. The hydrophilic monomer means a monomer having a solubility in water at 20 ° C. of more than 2% by mass.
[0011]
The proportion of these monomers used is determined so that the concentration of acidic functional groups in the monomer mixture satisfies the above conditions, but vinyl monomers having acidic functional groups, hydrophobic vinyl monomers and acidic functional groups It is preferable that the ratio of the hydrophilic vinyl monomer which does not have is 3-75 mass%, 25-97 mass%, and 0-40 mass%, respectively, 5-70 mass%, 30-95 mass%, and 0- More preferably, it is 30 mass%, and it is further more preferable that they are 7-60 mass%, 40-93 mass%, and 0-20 mass%.
[0012]
The monomer mixture is polymerized at a temperature of 180 to 350 ° C. By setting the polymerization temperature to 180 to 350 ° C., an acrylic polymer having a relatively low molecular weight can be obtained without using a polymerization initiator or a chain transfer agent or by using a small amount, and it is excellent as an aqueous plasticizer. Demonstrate performance. When the polymerization temperature is lower than 180 ° C., a large amount of polymerization initiator and chain transfer agent used for the polymerization are required, and the resulting acrylic polymer is colored or odor is generated. When the polymerization temperature exceeds 350 ° C., a decomposition reaction tends to occur, and the obtained acrylic polymer may be colored. A preferred polymerization method for producing the acrylic polymer is a bulk polymerization method or a solution polymerization method which is carried out continuously. Since the molecular weight distribution can be reduced by such high temperature polymerization, a polymer having a good plasticizing effect can be obtained. In addition, although a polymerization initiator can be used or it can superpose | polymerize without using, When using, it is preferable to set it as the density | concentration of 1 mass% or less.
[0013]
The acrylic polymer obtained by polymerizing the monomer mixture needs to have a low molecular weight having a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 or less, preferably 8000 or less, more preferably 6000 or less, and even more preferably 5000 or less. . When the weight average molecular weight exceeds 10,000, a sufficient plasticizing effect cannot be exhibited. The lower limit of the weight average molecular weight is not particularly limited, but the acrylic polymer usually obtained has a weight average molecular weight of 500 or more.
[0014]
The acrylic polymer preferably has a glass transition temperature (Tg) measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of −80 to 10 ° C., more preferably −80 to 0 ° C. When the temperature exceeds 10 ° C., the acrylic polymer becomes hard, and the performance as a plasticizer may not be exhibited.
[0015]
The acrylic polymer having an acidic functional group is made into an aqueous solution as a neutralized product with a base. Examples of the base used for neutralization of the acrylic polymer include ammonia and a low-boiling amine compound having a boiling point of 140 ° C. or lower. Specific examples of the low boiling point amine include trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, dimethylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, t-butanolamine, morpholine, dimethylethanolamine and the like.
[0016]
The neutralization rate of the acrylic polymer with the base, that is, the ratio in which the acidic functional group is neutralized is 50 to 100%. Yes 70 to 100% is more preferable. That is, partial neutralization or complete neutralization may be performed, but the entire amount of the acrylic polymer needs to be dissolved in water. The upper limit of the neutralization rate is naturally 100%, but an excess of base may be present with respect to the acidic functional group.
[0017]
If the neutralization rate is too small, the water-solubility of the acrylic polymer is insufficient, mixing with the aqueous polymer becomes insufficient, and the plasticizing effect becomes small, or the aqueous solution to which the acrylic polymer is added The polymer composition may become unstable. Acrylic polymer must be neutralized before mixing with aqueous polymer, and sufficient plasticizing effect even if unneutralized acrylic polymer is neutralized after mixing with aqueous polymer Cannot be demonstrated.
[0018]
International Publication No. WO 01/88052 describes an aqueous pressure-sensitive adhesive composition containing an acrylic polymer and an aqueous polymer similar to the present invention (Synthesis Example 3, Examples 5 and 6). However, the invention originally relates to a technique using an acrylic polymer as a tackifier, and is not intended to plasticize an aqueous polymer, and the degree of plasticization is not sufficient depending on the purpose. The acrylic polymer specifically described in the above publication is not neutralized before being mixed with the aqueous polymer, and as a result, the compatibility between the acrylic polymer and the aqueous polymer is insufficient. However, it is estimated that a sufficient plasticizing effect may not be exhibited.
[0019]
The aqueous polymer used in the present invention is a polymer having a weight average molecular weight exceeding 10,000 which is dissolved or dispersed in water or a solvent mainly composed of water (hereinafter referred to as an aqueous solvent). Examples of aqueous polymers include acrylic polymers, styrene-acrylic polymers, vinyl acetate polymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate polymers, urethane polymers, styrene-butadiene polymers, and synthetic rubber polymers. Polymer, olefin polymer, alkyd polymer Body is These can be used in the form of an aqueous solution, emulsion, suspension or the like.
[0020]
The aqueous polymer composition of the present invention is obtained by uniformly mixing an aqueous solution of a neutralized product of the above acrylic polymer with a base and an aqueous polymer. Since the aqueous polymer composition obtained by the method of polymerizing a vinyl monomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a neutralized product of an acrylic polymer base in an aqueous medium to produce an aqueous polymer is not sufficiently plasticized, the present invention Not included in the technical scope of As a method for producing an aqueous polymer composition different from the present invention but similar to the present invention, in the presence of a polymer similar to the above acrylic polymer (using the polymer as a polymer emulsifier), an aqueous A method of emulsion polymerization of a vinyl monomer in a medium is known (International Patent Publication WO 01/04163), but the invention originally relates to a technique of using an acrylic polymer as a polymer emulsifier, It is not intended to plasticize the aqueous polymer, and depending on the purpose, the degree of plasticization (giving flexibility) is not sufficient. In the invention described in the above publication, since the acrylic polymer is copolymerized during the emulsion polymerization of the vinyl monomer, most of the acrylic polymer that is a polymer emulsifier is fixed on the surface of the emulsion particles, It is speculated that the plasticizing effect may be insufficient because it is difficult to uniformly distribute in the aqueous polymer. Even when the aqueous polymer is produced by the method described in the above publication, an aqueous polymer composition that is plasticized satisfactorily by mixing an aqueous solution of a neutralized product of a base of an acrylic polymer separately. can get.
[0021]
In the aqueous polymer composition of the present invention, the ratio of the acrylic polymer based on 100 parts by mass of the aqueous polymer is preferably 0.5 to 200 parts by mass, and more preferably 1 to 180 parts by mass. What is 3-150 mass parts is more preferable. If the proportion of the acrylic polymer is too small, the plasticizing effect is not sufficient, and if it is too large, the strength of the film obtained by applying the composition may be small. The above-mentioned parts by mass are all about solid content (component not containing a solvent).
[0022]
The aqueous polymer composition of the present invention can form a film having excellent water resistance and adjusted flexibility, for example, by coating and drying on the surface of a substrate.
The aqueous polymer composition of the present invention can be suitably used for applications such as paints, ink binders, coating agents, adhesives, cosmetics, and pressure-sensitive adhesives. Depending on the purpose, fillers, pigments, dyes, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, light stabilizers, fragrances, waxes, film-forming aids and the like may be added. Moreover, what added polymers other than the said acrylic polymer and an aqueous polymer may be used.
[0023]
The aqueous polymer composition of the present invention can be suitably used particularly as a floor polish material. As the floor polish material, a wax, a film forming aid and the like are usually added.
In addition, the aqueous polymer composition of the present invention can be suitably used particularly as an adhesive.
[0024]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples and comparative examples. In the following description, “part” means part by mass, and “%” means mass%. Moreover, solid content means the component which remains after removing a volatile component for 30 minutes with a 150 degreeC hot-air dryer.
[0025]
(Synthesis example)
(Polymer 1)
A 300 ml capacity pressurized stirred tank reactor equipped with an electric heater is filled with ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, the temperature is set to 230 ° C., and the pressure is adjusted to 2.45 to 2.65 MPa using a pressure regulator. (25-27 kg / cm @ 2). Next, while maintaining the reactor pressure constant, 95 parts of n-butyl acrylate (hereinafter referred to as BA) and 5 parts of acrylic acid (hereinafter referred to as AA) as a monomer, 20 parts of isopropyl alcohol as a solvent, A monomer mixture composed of 0.5 part of ditertiary butyl peroxide as a polymerization initiator was continuously fed from the raw material tank to the reactor at a constant feed rate (23 g / min, residence time: 13 minutes). And the reaction material equivalent to the supply amount of a monomer mixture was continuously extracted from the exit. Immediately after the feeding, the reaction temperature once decreased and then a temperature increase due to the heat of polymerization was observed. The reaction temperature was maintained at 230 ° C. by controlling the heater.
The time when the temperature was stabilized after starting the supply of the monomer mixture was taken as the recovery start point of the reaction liquid, and the reaction was continued for 154 minutes. As a result, 2000 g of the monomer mixture was supplied and 1950 g of the reaction liquid was recovered. .
The obtained reaction liquid was introduced into a thin film evaporator, and volatile components such as unreacted monomers and solvent were removed under reduced pressure of 235 ° C. and 30 mmHg to obtain about 1500 g of a liquid resin (polymer 1). It was. As a result of gas chromatographic analysis, the unreacted monomer in the liquid resin was 0.5% or less.
The acid value, that is, the acidic functional group concentration of the polymer 1 determined by neutralization titration was 0.70 meq / g. Further, tetrahydrofuran was used as a solvent, and the number average molecular weight (hereinafter referred to as Mn) of the polymer 1 obtained by converting the molecular weight obtained from gel permeation chromatography (hereinafter referred to as GPC) into polystyrene was 1950, and the weight average molecular weight (hereinafter referred to as Mn). Hereinafter, it is referred to as Mw). Tg was -43 ° C.
A 100% neutralized aqueous solution (solid content 40%) of polymer 1 was obtained by adding aqueous ammonia containing an acidic functional group possessed by polymer 1 and an equimolar amount of ammonia.
[0026]
(Polymers 2-14)
The composition of the monomer used was changed as shown in Table 1, and the other operations were carried out in the same manner as in the production of the polymer 1 to obtain polymers 2 to 14, respectively. Table 1 shows the results of measurement of Mw and acidic functional group concentration for each polymer obtained. In Table 1, HA is 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, EA is ethyl acrylate, C1 is methoxyethyl acrylate, MAA is methacrylic acid, and MA is methyl acrylate.
[0027]
(Polymer 15)
80 parts BA, 20 parts AA, 5 parts dodecyl mercaptan, 1.5 parts AIBN and 100 parts methyl ethyl ketone were charged in a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, reflux condenser, thermometer, and nitrogen introduction tube, and the mixture was heated to 80 ° C. for 4 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere. Polymerization was conducted by heating. Thereafter, 0.5 part of AIBN was further added and heated at 80 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a methyl ethyl ketone solution of a copolymer (polymer 15) having a solid content concentration of 50%. The acid value of the polymer 15 was 2.70 meq / g. When the molecular weight of the copolymer was measured by GPC, Mn was 2210 and Mw was 4020. Tg was -21 ° C. The resulting methyl ethyl ketone solution of polymer 15 is neutralized by adding aqueous ammonia containing an acidic functional group of the polymer and an equimolar amount of ammonia, and the solvent is removed under reduced pressure to remove 100% of polymer 15 A Japanese aqueous solution (solid content 40%) was obtained.
[0028]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004003531
[0029]
(Examples 1-11 and Comparative Examples 1-5)
In a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, two dropping funnels, a thermometer, and a nitrogen introduction tube, 60 parts of ion-exchanged water was charged and heated to 80 ° C.
1 part of sodium lauryl sulfate and 40 parts of ion-exchanged water were added to a monomer mixture consisting of 58 parts of methyl methacrylate (hereinafter referred to as MMA), 40 parts of BA, and 2 parts of MAA and emulsified. The monomer emulsion obtained and 10 parts of a 5% ammonium persulfate (hereinafter referred to as APS) aqueous solution were continuously dropped into the reaction vessel with a separate dropping funnel over 4 hours to effect emulsion polymerization. After completion of the dropping, the inside of the reaction vessel was kept at 40 ° C. for 1 hour, and then the system was cooled to complete the polymerization.
After adding ion-exchanged water to the obtained aqueous polymer to adjust the solid content to 40%, the polymer shown in Table 1 or a general-purpose plasticizer dibutyl phthalate (hereinafter referred to as DBP) is 10 in terms of solid content. Partly formulated.
[0030]
Using the resulting blended solution (polymer composition), the stability, odor, hardness, adhesion, and loss on heating shown in (1) to (5) below were evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
(1) Stability: Each sample (mixed solution) was allowed to stand at room temperature, and the presence or absence of sedimentation, floating and aggregation after one week was visually evaluated.
(2) Odor: Ten panelists sniff the odor of each sample (mixed solution) and evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria.
○: Almost no odor
Δ: Odor
×: Strong odor
(3) Hardness: Each sample (mixed solution) was formed into a film for 1 week in a dryer at 40 ° C. so as to have a thickness of 2 mm. The Shore hardness (type D) of this sample was measured according to JISK6301.
(4) Adhesiveness: Each sample (mixed solution) was applied on an aluminum plate so as to have a thickness of 20 μm, and dried in a 120 ° C. drier for 3 minutes. The obtained sample was measured by a cross-cut tape method according to JISK5400.
(5) Loss on heating: Polymers 1 to 15 and DBP were heated at 120 ° C. for 2 hours, and the mass reduction rate due to heating was determined from the mass change before and after the heat treatment.
[0031]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004003531
[0032]
(Comparative Example 6)
A reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, two dropping funnels, a thermometer, and a nitrogen introduction tube was charged with 45 parts of ion-exchanged water and 20 parts of an ammonia neutralized aqueous solution of polymer 3 (solid content 40%) 80 The temperature was raised to ° C.
To a monomer mixture consisting of 58 parts of MMA and 32 parts of BA, 1 part of sodium lauryl sulfate and 40 parts of ion-exchanged water were added and emulsified. The obtained monomer emulsion and 10 parts of 5% APS aqueous solution were continuously dropped into the reaction vessel over 4 hours by separate dropping funnels, and emulsion polymerization was carried out. After completion of the dropping, the inside of the reaction vessel was kept at 40 ° C. for 1 hour, and then the system was cooled to complete the polymerization.
Evaluation similar to Example 1 was performed using the obtained aqueous polymer composition. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
As shown in Table 2, in Examples 1 to 11, the stability, odor, and plasticizing effect of the blended liquid were all good (the hardness was small). In contrast, Comparative Examples 1, 3 and 6 had a poor plasticizing effect (high hardness), and Comparative Example 4 had a strong odor. In Comparative Example 2, the stability of the blended liquid was poor, and in Comparative Example 5, the weight loss due to heating of the plasticizer was significant.
[0033]
(Examples 12 to 15, Comparative Examples 7 to 8 and Reference Example 1 (application to floor polish))
A reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, two dropping funnels, a thermometer, and a nitrogen introduction tube was charged with 60 parts of ion-exchanged water and 1 part of sodium lauryl sulfate, and the temperature was raised to 85 ° C.
To a monomer mixture composed of 20 parts of styrene (hereinafter referred to as St), 48 parts of MMA, 15 parts of BA, and 20 parts of MAA, 0.5 part of sodium lauryl sulfate and 35 parts of ion-exchanged water were added and emulsified. The obtained monomer emulsion and 10 parts of a 5% APS aqueous solution were continuously dropped into the reaction vessel over 3 hours by separate dropping funnels, and emulsion polymerization was performed. After completion of the dropping, the inside of the reaction vessel was kept at 40 ° C. for 1 hour, and then the system was cooled to complete the polymerization.
Furthermore, zinc oxide solubilized using ammonium bicarbonate and aqueous ammonia so that the molar ion equivalent of zinc is 20% with respect to the carboxyl group in the polymer is mixed to obtain an aqueous polymer having a solid content concentration of 38%. Obtained.
Furthermore, various additives were added to the aqueous polymer at the ratios shown in Table 3 and mixed with stirring to obtain a floor polish. The plasticizer added here was a polymer shown in Table 4 or a general-purpose plasticizer tributoxyphenyl phosphate (hereinafter referred to as TBXP).
[0034]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004003531
[0035]
The obtained floor polish was apply | coated to the following base materials, the test piece with a film | membrane was created, and various physical properties mentioned later were evaluated using this test piece. The evaluation results are shown in Table 4.
(Creation of specimen)
A black standard tile for JFPA standard test (vinyl asbestos tile) was used as a substrate. The substrate was washed by the method described in JISK3920 using a 51 line red buffer pad (commonly known as “red pad”) manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Co., Ltd. before applying the aqueous polish. By the way, this cleaning condition is a very gentle cleaning condition as compared with the case where it is actually used for a polishing application such as a building floor.
[0036]
Each aqueous polishing agent was applied to the obtained substrate surface so as to be about 20 g per square meter, dried at room temperature for 1 hour, and then applied multiple times if necessary to obtain each test piece. . The physical property items measured are as follows.
(1) Leveling property: It was applied once, and an X-shaped mark (hereinafter referred to as X mark) was applied to the surface of each undried test piece with gauze and dried. This surface condition was visually observed and evaluated in five stages.
5: X mark is not seen.
4: The outline of the X mark is slightly seen as a difference in gloss.
3: The outline of the X mark is clearly seen as a difference in gloss.
2: Part of the X mark is seen as a ridge.
1: The X mark is entirely ridged and uneven.
(2) Gloss: The 60-degree gloss was measured on the surface of each test piece applied four times. The average value measured 3 times is shown.
(3) Adhesiveness: A tape peeling test was performed on the surface of each test piece applied four times. The average remaining film area ratio (%) measured 5 times is shown.
(4) Water resistance: Each test piece applied once was allowed to stand overnight at room temperature with a relative humidity of 80% or less, and then 0.2 ml of distilled water was dropped onto the coated surface. After holding the water droplet for 1 hour, it was wiped off, and the degree of whitening of the coating film surface after 30 minutes was visually observed and evaluated in 5 stages.
5: No whitening / damage.
4: The outline of whitening is slightly seen.
3: Partial whitening is observed. No blister.
2: Whitening is observed over the entire surface. No blister.
1: Full whitening with blisters is observed.
(5) Black heel mark resistance (also referred to as BHM resistance): Each test piece applied three times was allowed to stand at room temperature with a relative humidity of 80% or less for 24 hours, and then the heel mark tester described in JIS K3920 And 6 standard rubber blocks of 50 mm square were introduced. Rotate both left and right at a rotation speed of 50 rpm for 2.5 minutes, visually observe the amount of black heel mark (BHM, black rubbing stain) on the surface of the coating, and look like black rubbing stain Relative five-level evaluation was performed with 5 being no and 1 being severe.
[0037]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004003531
[0038]
As shown in Table 4, in Examples 12 to 15, the leveling property, gloss, water resistance, and BHM resistance were all good, the performance was almost the same as that of TBXP that is usually used, and the adhesion was particularly excellent. It was. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 7 and 8, since the plasticization of the resin was insufficient, the leveling property and water resistance were very poor, and the gloss and adhesion were also poor. TBXP is lost from the coating over time due to volatilization, adhesion, etc., and the properties of the coating tend to change. However, the plasticizer made of the acrylic polymer of the present invention is rare.
[0039]
(Examples 16 to 20, Comparative Examples 9 to 10 and Reference Example 2 (application to adhesive))
In a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, 120 parts of ion exchange water and 15 parts of PVA (trade name B-17, manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.) were added, and the temperature was raised to 80 ° C. When PVA was completely dissolved, a catalyst (a solution obtained by dissolving 0.3 parts of APS and sodium hydrogen carbonate in 5.7 parts of ion-exchanged water) and 100 parts of vinyl acetate were added dropwise for polymerization. A vinyl acetate resin dispersion having a solid content of 40% was obtained.
The obtained vinyl acetate resin dispersion was blended with 10 parts of the polymer shown in Table 5 or a general-purpose plasticizer DBP as a plasticizer in terms of solid content to obtain an adhesive composition.
Using the obtained adhesive composition, the state of the emulsion, the adhesive strength, and the film-forming property shown in (1) to (3) below were evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.
(1) Emulsion state: The one that does not aggregate is considered good.
(2) Adhesive strength: Based on JIS K 6852, compression step adhesive strength was measured. The test piece used was a combination of birch material and birch material.
(3) Film-forming property: The value measured by the minimum film-forming temperature based on JIS K 6804 was measured and determined as follows.
○: A film was formed at 0 ° C.
X: No film was formed at 0 ° C.
[0040]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004003531
[0041]
As shown in Table 5, Examples 16 to 20 showed performance comparable to that in Reference Example 2 using a general-purpose plasticizer DBP in terms of film forming property and adhesive strength. On the other hand, Comparative Examples 9 and 10 had high film forming temperatures.
DBP is lost from the coating over time due to volatilization or adhesion, and the properties of the coating are likely to change. However, the plasticizer made of the acrylic polymer of the present invention is rare.
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
An aqueous polymer composition effectively blended with a plasticizer having a low environmental impact such as environmental hormone action and odor was obtained. The aqueous polymer composition of the present invention can be used for applications such as paints, ink binders, coating agents, adhesives, cosmetics, and pressure-sensitive adhesives. The film obtained from the aqueous polymer composition of the present invention has little change in physical properties over time.

Claims (8)

酸性官能基を有するビニル単量体および疎水性ビニル単量体を含有し酸性官能基濃度が0.5〜10meq/gである単量体混合物を180〜350℃の温度で、重合開始剤を単量体混合物に対して1質量%以下の濃度で使用し、重合させて得られる重量平均分子量が10000以下であり、重合体の酸性官能基濃度が0.5〜10meq/gであるアクリル系重合体の塩基による中和率が50〜100%であるアクリル系重合体中和物の水溶液とアクリル系重合体、スチレン−アクリル系重合体、酢酸ビニル系重合体、エチレン−酢酸ビニル系重合体、ウレタン系重合体、スチレン−ブタジエン系重合体、合成ゴム系重合体、オレフィン系重合体、アルキッド系重合体の中から選ばれる少なくとも1つの重合体であり、重量平均分子量が10000を超える水性重合体とを混合させて得られる水性重合体組成物。An acidic functional group concentration containing vinyl monomer and hydrophobic vinyl monomer having an acidic functional group is a 0.5~10meq / g monomer mixture at a temperature of 180 to 350 ° C., a polymerization initiator used at a concentration of less than 1% by weight, based on the monomer mixture, the weight average molecular weight obtained by polymerizing the Ri der 10000 or less, the acrylic acid concentration of the functional group of the polymer is 0.5~10meq / g An aqueous solution of an acrylic polymer neutralized product having a neutralization rate of 50 to 100% with a base of an acrylic polymer, an acrylic polymer, a styrene-acrylic polymer, a vinyl acetate polymer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate heavy polymer It is at least one polymer selected from a polymer, a urethane polymer, a styrene-butadiene polymer, a synthetic rubber polymer, an olefin polymer, and an alkyd polymer, and has a weight average molecular weight of 1 The aqueous polymer composition obtained by mixing the aqueous polymer more than 000. 酸性官能基を有するビニル単量体および疎水性ビニル単量体を含有し酸性官能基濃度が0.5〜10meq/gである単量体混合物を180〜350℃の温度で、重合開始剤を単量体混合物に対して1質量%以下の濃度で使用し、重合させて得られる重量平均分子量が10000以下であり、重合体の酸性官能基濃度が0.5〜10meq/gであるアクリル系重合体の塩基による中和率が50〜100%であるアクリル系重合体中和物の水溶液と重量平均分子量が10000を超えるアクリル系水性重合体とを混合させて得られる水性重合体組成物。An acidic functional group concentration containing vinyl monomer and hydrophobic vinyl monomer having an acidic functional group is a 0.5~10meq / g monomer mixture at a temperature of 180 to 350 ° C., a polymerization initiator used at a concentration of less than 1% by weight, based on the monomer mixture, the weight average molecular weight obtained by polymerizing the Ri der 10000 or less, the acrylic acid concentration of the functional group of the polymer is 0.5~10meq / g Aqueous polymer composition obtained by mixing an aqueous solution of an acrylic polymer neutralized product having a neutralization rate of 50 to 100% with a base of an acrylic polymer and an acrylic aqueous polymer having a weight average molecular weight exceeding 10,000 . 単量体混合物を180〜350℃の温度で、重合開始剤を単量体混合物に対して1質量%以下の濃度で使用し、連鎖移動剤は使用しないで重合させるものである請求項1または2に記載の水性重合体組成物。The monomer mixture is polymerized at a temperature of 180 to 350 ° C, the polymerization initiator is used at a concentration of 1% by mass or less with respect to the monomer mixture, and the chain transfer agent is not used. 3. The aqueous polymer composition according to 2. 重量平均分子量が10000以下であるアクリル系重合体が、酸性官能基を有するビニル単量体および疎水性ビニル単量体を含有し酸性官能基濃度が
0.5〜10meq/gである単量体混合物を、連続で行う塊状重合法または溶液重合法により180〜350℃の温度で重合させて得られたものである請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の水性重合体組成物。
A monomer having a weight-average molecular weight of 10,000 or less, a vinyl monomer having an acidic functional group and a hydrophobic vinyl monomer, and having an acidic functional group concentration of 0.5 to 10 meq / g The aqueous polymer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is obtained by polymerizing the mixture at a temperature of 180 to 350 ° C by a continuous bulk polymerization method or a solution polymerization method.
重量平均分子量が10000以下であるアクリル系重合体が−80〜10℃のガラス転移温度を有するものである請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の水性重合体組成物。The aqueous polymer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the acrylic polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 or less has a glass transition temperature of -80 to 10 ° C. 水性重合体100質量部を基準とするアクリル系重合体の割合が0.5〜200質量部である請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の水性重合体組成物。The aqueous polymer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the proportion of the acrylic polymer based on 100 parts by mass of the aqueous polymer is 0.5 to 200 parts by mass. 請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の水性重合体組成物を含有するフロアポリッシュ組成物。A floor polish composition containing the aqueous polymer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6 . 請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の水性重合体組成物を含有する接着剤組成物。The adhesive composition containing the aqueous polymer composition in any one of Claims 1-6 .
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