JP3999749B2 - Combustion apparatus and combustion method - Google Patents

Combustion apparatus and combustion method Download PDF

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JP3999749B2
JP3999749B2 JP2004050176A JP2004050176A JP3999749B2 JP 3999749 B2 JP3999749 B2 JP 3999749B2 JP 2004050176 A JP2004050176 A JP 2004050176A JP 2004050176 A JP2004050176 A JP 2004050176A JP 3999749 B2 JP3999749 B2 JP 3999749B2
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combustion
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計二 武野
利光 一ノ瀬
章泰 岡元
善彦 池本
五輪麿 天野
由則 小林
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本発明は、石炭火力発電システムや産業用ボイラ等において、慣用の石炭等の固体化石燃料の一部を廉価なバイオマス燃料に代替して化石燃料起源のCO2発生量を抑制しつつ効率的なエネルギー産生を可能にする燃焼装置および燃焼方法に関するものである。 In the present invention, in coal-fired power generation systems, industrial boilers, and the like, a part of the conventional solid fossil fuel such as coal is replaced with an inexpensive biomass fuel while efficiently reducing the amount of CO 2 generated from the fossil fuel. The present invention relates to a combustion apparatus and a combustion method that enable energy production.

周知のように、固体化石燃料である石炭とバイオマスとの混焼は、産業用ボイラ、事業用ボイラ、さらには各種タービンなどの燃焼によりエネルギーを産生する燃焼装置において、廉価燃料の使用による燃料費の削減が可能であり、さらには化石燃料起源のCO2発生量の抑制に寄与することができ、ひいてはCO2排出権取引に活用可能である。そのために、近年、化石燃料とバイオマス燃料との混焼の利用促進が叫ばれており、米国では再生可能利用政策に加えて規制緩和を実施するに至っている。 As is well known, co-firing of coal and biomass, which is a solid fossil fuel, is the cost of fuel due to the use of low-priced fuel in combustion equipment that produces energy by combustion in industrial boilers, business boilers, and various turbines. It can be reduced, and can further contribute to the suppression of the amount of CO 2 generated from fossil fuels. As a result, it can be used for CO 2 emission trading. Therefore, in recent years, the use of fossil fuels and biomass fuels has been promoted, and in the United States, regulations have been relaxed in addition to renewable use policies.

近年、石炭とバイオマス燃料とを混焼する燃焼装置として様々なものが提案されている。従来提案されている石炭−バイオマス混焼装置は、石炭の供給量に対して可能な限り多量のバイオマス燃料を代替させることを目的に設計されている。それは、燃料費の削減、化石燃料起源のCO2発生量の抑制という本来の目的を考えれば、当然のことと言える。 In recent years, various types of combustion apparatuses that co-fire coal and biomass fuel have been proposed. Conventionally proposed coal-biomass co-firing apparatus is designed for the purpose of replacing as much biomass fuel as possible with respect to the supply amount of coal. This is a matter of course considering the original objectives of reducing fuel costs and reducing the amount of CO 2 generated from fossil fuels.

バイオマス燃料は、乾燥により着火性、燃焼性が格段に向上するが、微粒化、微粉化しにくいという欠点がある。一方、石炭は、容易に微粉化することができ、従来の石炭燃焼装置で使用している微粉炭は平均粒径は数10μmである。これに対して、バイオマス燃料は、石炭に比べて脆性が大きく劣るため、石炭を微粉化する粉砕装置と同等以上の粉砕能力を持つ装置を用いても微粉化の程度は、数mm程度にとどまる。したがって、バイオマスそれ自体は、乾燥すれば、着火性、燃焼性は十分に高いレベルにあるが、粒径が大きいので、燃料として燃焼装置の炉本体に大量に供給する場合には、微粉度の高い石炭粉末に比べると、遥かに着火性が悪くなる。そのため、炉本体の中で、バイオマス燃料の未燃焼分が多くなり、不完全燃焼状態となり、CO、NOxの発生が多くなるという問題が生じる。また、バイオマス燃料は、前述のように粒径が大きいので、炉本体に供給された後、落下しやすく、供給量の一部が炉底に未燃物として残留し、そのため燃焼効率が挙げることができないという問題も生じる。   Biomass fuel has significantly improved ignitability and combustibility by drying, but has a drawback that it is difficult to atomize and atomize. On the other hand, coal can be easily pulverized, and the pulverized coal used in conventional coal combustion apparatuses has an average particle size of several tens of μm. On the other hand, since the biomass fuel is much less brittle than coal, the degree of pulverization is only a few millimeters even if a device having a pulverization capacity equal to or higher than that of a pulverizer for pulverizing coal is used. . Therefore, when the biomass itself is dried, the ignitability and combustibility are at a sufficiently high level, but since the particle size is large, when supplying a large amount as fuel to the furnace body of the combustion apparatus, Compared to high coal powder, the ignitability is much worse. Therefore, there arises a problem that in the furnace body, an unburned portion of the biomass fuel is increased, an incomplete combustion state is generated, and generation of CO and NOx is increased. In addition, since the biomass fuel has a large particle size as described above, it is easy to fall after being supplied to the furnace body, and a part of the supply amount remains as unburned material in the furnace bottom, so that the combustion efficiency is raised. There is also a problem that it is not possible.

石炭燃料とバイオマス燃料との混焼装置における前記問題点を解決するために、従来、様々な改良が施された燃焼装置が提案されている。例えば、特許文献1に開示の燃焼装置では、「粉砕された固体化石燃料とバイオマス燃料とを別系統で燃焼炉へそれぞれ供給する燃料供給流路と、両燃料供給流路からの各燃料を燃焼炉に噴出するノズルとして固体化石燃料噴出ノズルを中心側に、バイオマス燃料噴出ノズルを固体化石燃料噴出ノズルの外周側に配した燃焼炉壁面に設けたバーナーと、バイオマス燃料噴出ノズル先端に設けた保炎板とを備える」ことで、前記問題点を解消しようとしている。すなわち、この燃焼装置では、微粉炭を噴出する噴出口の外周にバイオマス燃料を噴出するリング状開口部を有するバイオマス燃料噴出口を形成し、さらに前記バイオマス燃料噴出口の外周に二次空気噴出口を設け、この二次空気の噴出方向を保炎板と称する邪魔板で燃焼火炎に回り込ませることにより、バイオマス燃料の燃焼性を改善しようとしている。   In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the coal-fired and biomass-fuel co-firing device, conventionally, combustion devices with various improvements have been proposed. For example, in the combustion apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1, “a pulverized solid fossil fuel and a biomass fuel are separately supplied to a combustion furnace by separate systems, and each fuel from both fuel supply channels is burned. As a nozzle to be injected into the furnace, a solid fossil fuel injection nozzle is provided at the center side, a biomass fuel injection nozzle is provided on the outer peripheral side of the solid fossil fuel injection nozzle, and a burner provided at the tip of the biomass fuel injection nozzle. By providing the flame plate, "the above-mentioned problem is being solved. That is, in this combustion apparatus, a biomass fuel jet port having a ring-shaped opening for jetting biomass fuel is formed on the outer periphery of a jet port for jetting pulverized coal, and a secondary air jet port is further provided on the outer periphery of the biomass fuel jet port. Is provided, and the combustion direction of the biomass fuel is improved by surrounding the combustion direction with the baffle plate called a flame-holding plate.

前記特許文献1に開示の燃焼装置に限らず、従来の燃焼装置では、微粉炭とバイオマス燃料との着火性、燃焼性、および火炎による浮上性等の燃焼特性が異なっているため、各燃料の供給量および供給割合の制御、炉内の温度制御、炉内への供給空気量の制御が微妙であり、混焼装置における前記問題点、すなわち、バイオマス燃料の燃焼効率の低さ、CO、NOx発生の抑制等の目的を十分に果たし得ていないのが、現状である。   Not only the combustion apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 but the conventional combustion apparatus has different combustion characteristics such as ignitability, combustibility, and floatability due to flame between pulverized coal and biomass fuel. Control of supply amount and supply ratio, control of furnace temperature, control of supply air quantity into the furnace are subtle, and the above problems in mixed-burning equipment, namely, low combustion efficiency of biomass fuel, CO and NOx generation The present situation is that the purpose such as the suppression of the above is not fully achieved.

特開2003−222310号公報JP 2003-222310 A

前述のように、石炭とバイオマスとを混焼する燃焼装置では、バイオマス燃料の混焼によって燃料コストの低減、CO、NOx発生の抑制等を図るという目的を実現するために、バイオマス燃料の完全燃焼が重要な要件であるが、従来の燃焼装置では、バイオマス燃料の完全燃焼化を十分に実現できていないのが現状である。
本発明は、係る事情に鑑みてなされたもので、その課題は、固体化石燃料とバイオマス燃料とを混焼させる燃焼装置において、バイオマスの完全燃焼化と、燃焼装置全体としての燃焼特性の向上とを図ることにある。
As described above, in a combustion apparatus that co-fires coal and biomass, complete combustion of biomass fuel is important in order to achieve the objectives of reducing fuel costs and suppressing CO and NOx generation by co-firing biomass fuel. However, the conventional combustion apparatus does not sufficiently realize the complete combustion of the biomass fuel.
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and the problem is that in a combustion apparatus that co-fires solid fossil fuel and biomass fuel, complete combustion of biomass and improvement of combustion characteristics of the entire combustion apparatus are achieved. There is to plan.

本発明者らは、従来の混焼装置は様々な改良が提案され、バイオマス燃料の燃焼性向上が図られているが、開発のコストに比べて十分な効果が上げられていないこと、また、バイオマス燃料利用の本来の目的から考えて、化石燃料の代替量を可能な限り増やすことが必要である反面、完全燃焼を実現する必要があることを主題に据えて、混焼装置の新たなあり方を検討した。その結果、燃焼処理量が少なくとも完全燃焼を優先し、さらにバイオマス燃焼バーナーにバイオマスを燃焼させる機能ばかりでなく付加機能を持たせることができれば、燃焼処理量が少ないという不足を補うことができ、十分に実用に耐える混焼装置を提供できるとの結論に至った。係る観点から、具体的な構成を検討したところ、次のような知見を得るに至った。   The inventors of the present invention have proposed various improvements in the conventional co-firing device, and have attempted to improve the combustibility of biomass fuel, but have not been sufficiently effective compared to the cost of development, Considering the original purpose of fuel use, it is necessary to increase the alternative amount of fossil fuel as much as possible, but considering the need to realize complete combustion, we will consider new ways of mixed combustion equipment did. As a result, if the amount of combustion treatment gives priority to at least complete combustion, and if the biomass combustion burner can have not only the function of burning biomass but also an additional function, the shortage of the amount of combustion treatment can be compensated. It came to a conclusion that a mixed-burning device that can withstand practical use can be provided. From such a viewpoint, when a specific configuration was examined, the following findings were obtained.

すなわち、従来の混焼装置における問題点は、バイオマス燃料が炉内で不完全燃焼に陥るのは、第1に微粉炭と混合状態になるためバイオマス燃料が完全燃焼に必要な十分量の酸素を得ることができないこと、第2にバイオマス燃料の供給量が多いため、炉内で燃焼される前に落下してしまう分量が発生することである。
これに対して、バイオマス噴出口の大きさを微粉炭噴出口より十分に小さくし、バイオマス燃料と微粉炭とが混合した状態で燃焼しないように微粉炭の噴出口に対するバイオマス燃料の噴出口の設置位置を工夫することにより、バイオマス燃料自体の着火性および燃焼性の良さを生かして完全燃焼させることができ、しかもバイオマス燃焼炎に微粉炭燃焼の着火トーチとして役割を発揮させ得ることを、知見するに至った。
That is, the problem with the conventional co-firing device is that the biomass fuel falls into incomplete combustion in the furnace. First, the biomass fuel obtains a sufficient amount of oxygen necessary for complete combustion because it is mixed with pulverized coal. Secondly, since the amount of biomass fuel supplied is large, an amount that falls before being burned in the furnace is generated.
In contrast, the size of the biomass spout is sufficiently smaller than that of the pulverized coal spout, and the biomass fuel spout is installed on the pulverized coal spout so that it does not burn in a mixed state of biomass fuel and pulverized coal. By knowing that the position can be devised, the biomass fuel itself can be fully combusted by taking advantage of its ignitability and combustibility, and that the biomass combustion flame can play a role as an ignition torch for pulverized coal combustion It came to.

本発明は、係る知見に基づいてなされたものである。すなわち、本発明の[請求項1]の燃焼装置は、固体化石燃料とバイオマス燃料とを炉本体内に供給して燃焼させる燃焼装置であって、前記炉本体には主燃焼バーナーと着火トーチ兼用バーナーとが取り付けられ、前記主燃焼バーナーには固体化石燃料供給流路が接続され、前記着火トーチ兼用バーナーにはバイオマス燃料供給流路が接続されると共に、前記着火トーチ兼用バーナーと前記バイオマス燃料供給流路との接続が、前記主燃焼バーナーの外側であり、前記着火トーチ兼用バーナーの噴出口が、前記主燃焼バーナーの噴出口と前記主燃焼バーナーの外周に設けられている風箱の二次空気噴出口とにまたがるように設けられ、前記着火トーチ兼用バーナーの噴出口が前記主燃焼バーナーの噴出口の内側隅部に位置していることを特徴とする。 The present invention has been made based on such knowledge. That is, the combustion apparatus according to [Claim 1] of the present invention is a combustion apparatus that supplies and burns solid fossil fuel and biomass fuel into the furnace body, and the furnace body is used as a main combustion burner and an ignition torch. A burner is attached, a solid fossil fuel supply flow path is connected to the main combustion burner, a biomass fuel supply flow path is connected to the ignition torch combined burner, and the ignition torch combined burner and the biomass fuel supply are connected connection with the flow path, the main Ri outer der combustion burner, the ignition torch spout of combined burner, the windbox which is provided on the outer periphery of said main burner jets and the main burner two The firing port of the ignition torch and burner is located at the inner corner of the ejection port of the main combustion burner. To.

本発明の[請求項]は燃焼方法に係る発明であり、この燃焼方法は、固体化石燃料とバイオマス燃料とを炉本体内に供給して燃焼させる燃焼方法であって、前記炉本体に開口するバイオマス燃料の燃焼バーナーとバイオマス燃料を供給するバイオマス燃料供給流路とが、前記炉本体に開口する固体化石燃料の燃焼バーナーの外側で接続され、前記バイオマス燃料供給流路から前記バイオマス燃料を供給し、前記バイオマス燃料の燃焼バーナーの噴出口が、前記固体化石燃料の燃焼バーナーの噴出口と前記固体化石燃料の燃焼バーナーの外周に設けられている風箱の二次空気噴出口とにまたがるように配置され、前記バイオマスの燃焼バーナーの噴出口を前記固体化石燃料の燃焼バーナー噴出口の内側隅部に位置させ、前記炉本体に開口するバイオマス燃料の燃焼バーナーを着火トーチとして利用することにより前記固体化石燃料の燃焼性を向上させることを特徴とする。 [Claim 2 ] of the present invention relates to a combustion method, and this combustion method is a combustion method in which solid fossil fuel and biomass fuel are supplied into a furnace body and burned, and the furnace body is opened. A biomass fuel combustion burner and a biomass fuel supply flow path for supplying biomass fuel are connected to the outside of the solid fossil fuel combustion burner that opens in the furnace body, and the biomass fuel is supplied from the biomass fuel supply flow path. And the biomass fuel combustion burner outlet spans between the solid fossil fuel combustion burner outlet and the secondary air outlet of the wind box provided on the outer periphery of the solid fossil fuel combustion burner. The biomass combustion burner outlet is located at the inner corner of the solid fossil fuel combustion burner outlet and opens into the furnace body. Combustibility of the solid fossil fuel is improved by using a combustion burner of biomass fuel as an ignition torch.

本発明にかかる燃焼装置および燃焼方法は、比較的少量を微粉炭と分離して燃焼させることにより完全燃焼させ、しかも、バイオマスが本来持っている着火性および燃焼性の良好な点を発揮させて、その燃焼炎に着火トーチとしての役割を持たせることができ、大量の微粉炭を燃焼する固体化石燃焼バーナーの燃焼炎を安定化するという効果を奏する。   The combustion apparatus and the combustion method according to the present invention allow complete combustion by separating a relatively small amount from pulverized coal and combusting it, and also exhibits the good ignitability and combustibility inherent in biomass. The combustion flame can serve as an ignition torch, and has an effect of stabilizing the combustion flame of a solid fossil combustion burner that burns a large amount of pulverized coal.

以下に、本発明にかかる燃焼装置および燃焼方法の実施の形態を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。なお、以下に説明する実施の形態は、本発明を好適に説明するための例示に過ぎず、なんら本発明を限定するものではない。   Embodiments of a combustion apparatus and a combustion method according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiments described below are merely examples for suitably explaining the present invention, and do not limit the present invention.

なお、本発明において、バイオマスとは生物資源のことを言う。バイオマスとしては、例えば農業生産物または副産物、木材、植物等が例示される。バイオマスの変換目的などにもよるが、燃料・原料の供給面という観点から、大量入手が容易なものや、生育・成長速度が速いものなど、燃料・原料としての供給が安定しているものが好ましい。草木類・木本類の植物性バイオマスの一例を示すと、トウモロコシ類、イネ類、スイートソルガムなどのサトウキビ類、ネピアグラスなどの牧草類、木材類などが挙げられる。また、本発明においては、バイオマスの代替原料として使用可能な有機性廃棄物等を用いてもよい。   In the present invention, biomass refers to biological resources. Examples of biomass include agricultural products or by-products, wood, plants, and the like. Depending on the purpose of biomass conversion, from the viewpoint of fuel and raw material supply, those that are easily available in large quantities and those that have a stable supply as fuel and raw materials, such as those with fast growth and growth rates, are available. preferable. Examples of plant biomass of plants and trees include corn, rice, sugar cane such as sweet sorghum, pastures such as napier grass, and wood. Moreover, in this invention, you may use the organic waste etc. which can be used as an alternative raw material of biomass.

(第1の実施の形態)
図1、図2および図3は、本発明にかかる燃焼装置の第1の実施の形態を示す図である。図1は本発明の燃焼装置の燃焼バーナーおよびその近傍を含む要部の平断面図であり、図2は同要部の側断面図、図3は前記燃焼バーナーの開口部の端面図である。
図中の符号1は炉本体を示すものであり、この炉本体1には、主燃焼バーナー2と、着火トーチ兼用バーナー3とが取り付けられている。前記主燃焼バーナー2には固体化石燃料(石炭)供給流路4が接続され、前記着火トーチ兼用バーナー3にはバイオマス燃料供給流路5が接続されている。また、前記主燃焼バーナー2の外周には、風箱6が形成されており、主燃焼バーナー2の噴出口2aの全外周部分に二次空気7を噴出するようになっている。
(First embodiment)
1, 2 and 3 are views showing a first embodiment of a combustion apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 1 is a plan sectional view of a main part including a combustion burner and its vicinity of the combustion apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of the main part, and FIG. 3 is an end view of the opening of the combustion burner. .
Reference numeral 1 in the figure denotes a furnace body, and a main combustion burner 2 and an ignition torch combined burner 3 are attached to the furnace body 1. A solid fossil fuel (coal) supply channel 4 is connected to the main combustion burner 2, and a biomass fuel supply channel 5 is connected to the ignition torch and burner 3. A wind box 6 is formed on the outer periphery of the main combustion burner 2, and the secondary air 7 is jetted to the entire outer peripheral portion of the jet outlet 2 a of the main combustion burner 2.

前記着火トーチ兼用バーナー3の噴出口3aは、前記主燃焼バーナー2の噴出口2aの内側上隅部に位置している。より正確には、噴出口3aと風箱6による二次空気噴出口6aとにまたがるように配置されている。   The outlet 3 a of the ignition torch combined burner 3 is located at the inner upper corner of the outlet 2 a of the main combustion burner 2. More precisely, it is arranged so as to straddle the jet outlet 3 a and the secondary air jet outlet 6 a by the wind box 6.

主燃料である微粉炭8の原料の石炭は、温度200℃程度の搬送用の熱空気とともに不図示の石炭ミル内に供給され、内部で乾燥と同時に粉砕が行われて微粉炭となり、熱空気により搬送されて前記固体化石燃料供給流路4に供給される。   The raw coal of the pulverized coal 8 as the main fuel is supplied into a coal mill (not shown) together with hot air for conveyance at a temperature of about 200 ° C., and is pulverized simultaneously with drying inside to become pulverized coal. And is supplied to the solid fossil fuel supply channel 4.

一方の微粒バイオマス燃料9の原料となるバイオマスは、石炭同様に、搬送用の熱ガスとともに不図示のバイオマスミル内にて乾燥、粉砕され、微粒バイオマスとなり、熱空気により搬送されて前記バイオマス燃料供給流路5に供給される。このときの微粒バイオマス燃料9と熱空気との混合割合は、前記着火トーチ兼用バーナー3の噴出口において、バイオマス燃料9が完全燃焼し、かつ燃焼炎が安定して持続可能な範囲に設定する。   Biomass as a raw material for one of the fine biomass fuels 9 is dried and pulverized in a biomass mill (not shown) together with a hot gas for transportation, like coal, to become fine biomass, which is transported by hot air and supplied with the biomass fuel. It is supplied to the flow path 5. The mixing ratio of the fine biomass fuel 9 and hot air at this time is set to a range where the biomass fuel 9 is completely burned and the combustion flame is stable and sustainable at the jet outlet of the ignition torch / burner 3.

前記構成によれば、着火トーチ兼用バーナー3に供給されるバイオマス燃料9は十分量の熱空気により搬送されるので、バーナー3の噴出口3aの燃焼は完全燃焼となる。しかも噴出口3aは微粉炭8の噴出口2aの上隅部の二次空気7の噴出口6aにまたがる位置にあるので、仮にバイオマス燃料9を搬送してきた熱空気の一部が微粉炭8の燃焼に食われるようなことがあっても、隣接の二次空気7から十分量の空気が供給されるので、バイオマス燃料9の完全燃焼が妨害されることはなく、安定した燃焼炎を維持することができる。したがって、噴出口3aにて維持されるバイオマス燃焼炎は、着火トーチとして機能し、噴出口2aにて形成される微粉炭8の燃焼炎が不安定になった場合にも、すぐに噴出微粉炭8に着火させることができ、主燃料である微粉炭の燃焼を安定して持続させることができる。このようにバイオマス燃料は、着火トーチ兼用バーナー3の噴出口3aにおいて完全燃焼されるので、数mm径のバイオマス燃料9であっても噴出口3aにて即座に燃焼されるので、バーナー3に供給されたバイオマス燃料の一部が落下して炉底に未燃焼物として堆積することはない。   According to the said structure, since the biomass fuel 9 supplied to the ignition torch combined use burner 3 is conveyed by sufficient quantity of hot air, combustion of the jet nozzle 3a of the burner 3 becomes complete combustion. Moreover, since the spout 3a is located at a position across the spout 6a of the secondary air 7 at the upper corner of the spout 2a of the pulverized coal 8, a part of the hot air that has transported the biomass fuel 9 is part of the pulverized coal 8. Even if it may be eaten by combustion, a sufficient amount of air is supplied from the adjacent secondary air 7, so that the complete combustion of the biomass fuel 9 is not hindered and a stable combustion flame is maintained. be able to. Therefore, the biomass combustion flame maintained at the jet outlet 3a functions as an ignition torch, and even when the combustion flame of the pulverized coal 8 formed at the jet outlet 2a becomes unstable, the pulverized coal is immediately ejected. 8 can be ignited, and the combustion of the pulverized coal as the main fuel can be stably maintained. In this way, the biomass fuel is completely burned at the jet outlet 3a of the ignition torch / burner 3, so even a biomass fuel 9 having a diameter of several millimeters is immediately burned at the jet outlet 3a. Part of the biomass fuel that has been dropped does not fall and accumulate as unburned material on the bottom of the furnace.

本実施の形態の燃焼装置では、バイオマス燃料の完全燃焼を実現でき、しかもバイオマス燃料の燃焼炎は、主燃料である微粉炭の燃焼の着火トーチとしての役目を果たすことができる。すなわち、本装置によれば、石炭燃焼装置において、着火性、燃焼性の向上を図ることができ、しかもバイオマスを完全燃焼にて利用することができ、化石燃料を起源とするCO2の削減、さらにはNOxの削減も実現することができる。本装置では、従来の混焼装置に比べると、バイオマスの処理量が少なくなるが、その分、完全燃焼が実現でき、しかも、既存の石炭燃焼装置を大きく改造することなく、バイオマス燃料用の省スペースバーナーと、供給流路とを付設するだけの簡易な工事で装置を完成させることができるという優れた利点を持つ。したがって、既存の数多くの石炭燃焼装置に対して本発明装置の特徴構成を適用すれば、総計のバイオマス処理量は極めて多量なものになり、高価な石炭燃料の削減、およびCO2の低減効果は、莫大なものになる。それが、設備的に簡易かつ低コストに実現できる利益は、計り知れない程のものである。 In the combustion apparatus of the present embodiment, complete combustion of biomass fuel can be realized, and the combustion flame of biomass fuel can serve as an ignition torch for combustion of pulverized coal, which is the main fuel. That is, according to the present apparatus, in the coal combustion apparatus, it is possible to improve the ignitability and combustibility, and the biomass can be used in complete combustion, and the reduction of CO 2 originating from fossil fuels, Furthermore, NOx reduction can be realized. Compared with conventional mixed-fired equipment, this equipment reduces the amount of biomass that can be completely burned, and saves space for biomass fuel without significantly remodeling existing coal-fired equipment. The apparatus has an excellent advantage that the apparatus can be completed by a simple construction requiring only a burner and a supply flow path. Therefore, if the characteristic configuration of the present invention apparatus is applied to many existing coal combustion apparatuses, the total biomass processing amount becomes extremely large, and the effects of reducing expensive coal fuel and reducing CO 2 are , Become enormous. The benefits that can be realized simply and at low cost in terms of equipment are immeasurable.

(第2の実施の形態)
図4、図5および図6は、燃焼装置の第2の実施の形態を示す図である。図4は燃焼装置の燃焼バーナーおよびその近傍を含む要部の平断面図であり、図5は同要部の側断面図、図6は前記燃焼バーナーの開口部の端面図である。これらの図4、図5および図6において、前述の図1、図2および図3に示した装置の要素と同一構成要素には同一符号を付して説明を簡略化する。
(Second Embodiment)
4, 5 and 6 are diagrams showing a second embodiment of the combustion apparatus. Figure 4 is a plan sectional view of a main part including a combustion burner and the vicinity thereof of the combustion device, FIG 5 is a side sectional view of the essential portion, FIG. 6 is an end view of the opening of the burner. 4, FIG. 5, and FIG. 6, the same components as those of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2, and FIG.

本実施の形態の特徴は、着火トーチ兼用バーナー13の噴出口13aが前記主燃焼バーナー2の噴出口2aの内側中央部に位置している点にあり、残りの構成要素の配置構造は前記第1の実施の形態と同様である。かかる配置構造では、着火トーチ兼用バーナー13の噴出口13aが主燃焼バーナー2の噴出口2aの中央に位置しているので、前記第1の実施の形態の着火トーチ兼用バーナー3と比べると、噴出口13aでより酸素不足になりやすい。したがって、本実施の形態では、バイオマス燃料供給流路5に供給されるバイオマス燃料−熱空気混合流体における熱空気の混合割合を、前記第1の実施の形態の場合に比べて、増やすように不図示のバイオマス粉砕ミルでの熱空気配合量を調整する。このようにバイオマス燃料9を搬送する熱空気の配分量を増やすことによって、着火トーチ兼用バーナー13の排出口13aを主燃焼バーナー2の噴出口2aの中央に配置しても、バイオマス燃料9の燃焼用酸素の不足が生じることなく、噴出口13aにおいてバイオマス燃料9は完全燃焼して安定な燃焼炎を維持し続けることができる。そして、このバイオマス燃料9の安定した燃焼炎によって、主燃料である微粉炭8の着火性および燃焼性を良好に維持することができる。   The feature of the present embodiment is that the jet outlet 13a of the ignition torch / burner 13 is located in the center of the inner side of the jet outlet 2a of the main combustion burner 2, and the arrangement structure of the remaining components is as described above. This is the same as the first embodiment. In such an arrangement structure, the jet outlet 13a of the ignition torch / burner 13 is located in the center of the jet outlet 2a of the main combustion burner 2, so that the injection torch combines with the ignition torch / burner 3 of the first embodiment. Oxygen deficiency is more likely at the outlet 13a. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the mixing ratio of hot air in the biomass fuel-hot air mixed fluid supplied to the biomass fuel supply flow path 5 is not increased as compared with the case of the first embodiment. The amount of hot air blended in the illustrated biomass crushing mill is adjusted. By increasing the distribution amount of the hot air that conveys the biomass fuel 9 in this way, the combustion of the biomass fuel 9 can be achieved even if the discharge port 13a of the ignition torch / burner 13 is arranged in the center of the outlet 2a of the main combustion burner 2. The biomass fuel 9 can be completely combusted at the jet nozzle 13a and maintain a stable combustion flame without causing a shortage of working oxygen. And by this stable combustion flame of the biomass fuel 9, the ignitability and combustibility of the pulverized coal 8 which is the main fuel can be well maintained.

したがって、本実施の形態の燃焼装置によっても、前記第1の実施の形態の燃焼装置で得た作用効果と同様の作用効果を得ることができる。すなわち、本第2の実施の形態の燃焼装置では、バイオマス燃料の完全燃焼を実現でき、しかもバイオマス燃料の燃焼炎は、主燃料である微粉炭の燃焼の着火トーチとしての役目を果たすことができる。すなわち、本装置によれば、石炭燃焼装置において、着火性、燃焼性の向上を図ることができ、しかもバイオマスを完全燃焼にて利用することができ、化石燃料を起源とするCO2の削減、さらにはNOxの削減も実現することができる。本装置では、従来の混焼装置に比べると、バイオマスの処理量が少なくなるが、その分、完全燃焼が実現でき、しかも、既存の石炭燃焼装置を大きく改造することなく、バイオマス燃料用の省スペースバーナーと、供給流路とを付設するだけの簡易な工事で装置を完成させることができるという優れた利点を持つ。したがって、既存の数多くの石炭燃焼装置に対して本装置の特徴構成を適用すれば、総計のバイオマス処理量は極めて多量なものになり、高価な石炭燃料の削減、およびCO2の低減効果は、莫大なものになる。それが、設備的に簡易かつ低コストに実現できる利益は、計り知れない程のものである。 Therefore, also by the combustion apparatus of the present embodiment, the same operational effects as the operational effects obtained by the combustion apparatus of the first embodiment can be obtained. That is, in the combustion apparatus of the second embodiment, complete combustion of biomass fuel can be realized, and the combustion flame of biomass fuel can serve as an ignition torch for combustion of pulverized coal, which is the main fuel. . That is, according to the present apparatus, in the coal combustion apparatus, it is possible to improve the ignitability and combustibility, and the biomass can be used in complete combustion, and the reduction of CO 2 originating from fossil fuels, Furthermore, NOx reduction can be realized. Compared with conventional mixed-fired equipment, this equipment reduces the amount of biomass that can be completely burned, and saves space for biomass fuel without significantly remodeling existing coal-fired equipment. The apparatus has an excellent advantage that the apparatus can be completed by a simple construction requiring only a burner and a supply flow path. Thus, by applying the characterizing feature of the This equipment to the existing number of coal combustion apparatus, biomass throughput of total it becomes very abundant ones, reducing expensive coal, and reduction of CO 2 is , Become enormous. The benefits that can be realized simply and at low cost in terms of equipment are immeasurable.

(第3の実施の形態)
図7および図8は、燃焼装置の第3の実施の形態を示す図である。図7は燃焼装置の燃焼バーナーおよびその近傍を含む要部の平断面図であり、図8は前記燃焼バーナーの開口部の端面図である。これらの図7および図8において、前述の図1〜図6に示した装置の要素と同一構成要素には同一符号を付して説明を簡略化する。
(Third embodiment)
7 and 8 are diagrams showing a third embodiment of the combustion apparatus. Figure 7 is a plan sectional view of a main part including a combustion burner and the vicinity thereof of the combustion device. FIG. 8 is an end view of the opening of the burner. 7 and 8, the same components as those of the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be simplified.

本実施の形態の特徴は、着火トーチ兼用バーナー23の噴出口23aが前記主燃焼バーナー2の噴出口2aの外側部に位置している点にあり、残りの構成要素の配置構造は前記第1および第2の実施の形態と同様である。より正確には、前記噴出口23aは、主燃焼バーナー2の外周に設けられている風箱6の外側部に配置されている。かかる配置構造では、着火トーチ兼用バーナー23の噴出口23aは主燃焼バーナー2の噴出口2aからさらに離間しており、しかも二次空気の噴出口6aに隣接しているので、バイオマス燃料9の燃焼用酸素が不足することがなく、バイオマス燃料9は容易に完全燃焼し、その燃焼炎も継続して安定なものとなる。   The feature of the present embodiment is that the injection port 23a of the ignition torch and burner 23 is located outside the injection port 2a of the main combustion burner 2, and the arrangement structure of the remaining components is the first structure. This is the same as in the second embodiment. More precisely, the jet outlet 23 a is arranged on the outer side of the wind box 6 provided on the outer periphery of the main combustion burner 2. In this arrangement structure, the jet outlet 23a of the ignition torch / burner 23 is further away from the jet outlet 2a of the main combustion burner 2 and is adjacent to the secondary air jet outlet 6a. There is no shortage of oxygen, and the biomass fuel 9 is easily burned completely, and the combustion flame continues to be stable.

したがって、本実施の形態の燃焼装置によっても、前記第1および第2の実施の形態の燃焼装置で得た作用効果と同様の作用効果を得ることができる。すなわち、本第3の実施の形態の燃焼装置では、バイオマス燃料の完全燃焼を実現でき、しかもバイオマス燃料の燃焼炎は、主燃料である微粉炭の燃焼の着火トーチとしての役目を果たすことができる。すなわち、本装置によれば、石炭燃焼装置において、着火性、燃焼性の向上を図ることができ、しかもバイオマスを完全燃焼にて利用することができ、化石燃料を起源とするCO2の削減、さらにはNOxの削減も実現することができる。本装置では、従来の混焼装置に比べると、バイオマスの処理量が少なくなるが、その分、完全燃焼が実現でき、しかも、既存の石炭燃焼装置を大きく改造することなく、バイオマス燃料用の省スペースバーナーと、供給流路とを付設するだけの簡易な工事で装置を完成させることができるという優れた利点を持つ。したがって、既存の数多くの石炭燃焼装置に対して本装置の特徴構成を適用すれば、総計のバイオマス処理量は極めて多量なものになり、高価な石炭燃料の削減、およびCO2の低減効果は、莫大なものになる。それが、設備的に簡易かつ低コストに実現できる利益は、計り知れない程のものである。 Therefore, even with the combustion apparatus according to the present embodiment, the same effects as those obtained with the combustion apparatuses according to the first and second embodiments can be obtained. That is, in the combustion apparatus of the third embodiment, complete combustion of biomass fuel can be realized, and the combustion flame of biomass fuel can serve as an ignition torch for combustion of pulverized coal, which is the main fuel. . That is, according to the present apparatus, in the coal combustion apparatus, it is possible to improve the ignitability and combustibility, and the biomass can be used in complete combustion, and the reduction of CO 2 originating from fossil fuels, Furthermore, NOx reduction can be realized. Compared with conventional mixed-fired equipment, this equipment reduces the amount of biomass that can be completely burned, and saves space for biomass fuel without significantly remodeling existing coal-fired equipment. The apparatus has an excellent advantage that the apparatus can be completed by a simple construction requiring only a burner and a supply flow path. Thus, by applying the characterizing feature of the This equipment to the existing number of coal combustion apparatus, biomass throughput of total it becomes very abundant ones, reducing expensive coal, and reduction of CO 2 is , Become enormous. The benefits that can be realized simply and at low cost in terms of equipment are immeasurable.

なお、前記各実施の形態では、バーナーの形状を矩形管形状として図示したが、円筒管形状であってもよい。同様に、第3の実施の形態では、着火トーチ兼用バーナーの形状を矩形管形状として図示したが、円筒管形状としてもよい。さらに、各実施の形態において、主燃焼バーナーの頭部をバーナー本体に対して傾斜自在に構成してもよい。この場合、第1および第2の実施形態の構造では、着火トーチ兼用バーナーの頭部も一体的に傾斜自在とすることが好ましい。このようなバーナー頭部の傾斜機構は、慣用の機構を用いて設けることができるので、ここでは、詳しい説明を省略する。   In each of the above embodiments, the shape of the burner is illustrated as a rectangular tube shape, but it may be a cylindrical tube shape. Similarly, in the third embodiment, the shape of the ignition torch / burner is illustrated as a rectangular tube shape, but may be a cylindrical tube shape. Further, in each embodiment, the head of the main combustion burner may be configured to be tiltable with respect to the burner body. In this case, in the structures of the first and second embodiments, it is preferable that the head of the ignition torch / burner is also tiltable integrally. Since such a burner head tilting mechanism can be provided using a conventional mechanism, a detailed description thereof is omitted here.

以上説明したように、本発明の燃焼装置および燃焼方法では、バイオマス燃料の完全燃焼を実現でき、しかもバイオマス燃料の燃焼炎は、主燃料である微粉炭の燃焼の着火トーチとしての役目を果たすことができる。すなわち、本燃焼装置および燃焼方法によれば、石炭燃焼装置において、着火性、燃焼性の向上を図ることができ、しかもバイオマスを完全燃焼にて利用することができ、化石燃料を起源とするCO2の削減、さらにはNOxの削減も実現することができる。本燃焼装置および燃焼方法では、従来の混焼装置および燃焼方法に比べると、バイオマスの処理量が少なくなるが、その分、バイオマス燃料の完全燃焼が実現でき、しかも、既存の石炭燃焼装置を大きく改造することなく、バイオマス燃料用の省スペースバーナーと、供給流路とを付設するだけの簡易な工事で装置を完成させることができるという優れた利点を持つ。したがって、既存の数多くの石炭燃焼装置に対して本発明装置の特徴構成を適用すれば、総計のバイオマス処理量は極めて多量なものになり、高価な石炭燃料の削減、およびCO2の低減効果は、莫大なものになる。それが、設備的に簡易かつ低コストに実現できる利益は、計り知れない程のものである。 As described above, in the combustion apparatus and combustion method of the present invention, complete combustion of biomass fuel can be realized, and the combustion flame of biomass fuel serves as an ignition torch for combustion of pulverized coal, which is the main fuel. Can do. That is, according to the present combustion apparatus and combustion method, in the coal combustion apparatus, the ignitability and combustibility can be improved, and the biomass can be used in complete combustion, and CO originating from fossil fuels can be used. Reduction of 2 and further reduction of NOx can be realized. Compared to conventional mixed combustion devices and combustion methods, this combustion device and combustion method reduce the amount of biomass that can be processed. However, it is possible to achieve complete combustion of biomass fuel, and the existing coal combustion device is greatly modified. Without having to do so, the apparatus can be completed with a simple construction that simply attaches a space-saving burner for biomass fuel and a supply flow path. Therefore, if the characteristic configuration of the present invention apparatus is applied to many existing coal combustion apparatuses, the total biomass processing amount becomes extremely large, and the effects of reducing expensive coal fuel and reducing CO 2 are , Become enormous. The benefits that can be realized simply and at low cost in terms of equipment are immeasurable.

本発明の第1の実施の形態の燃焼装置の燃焼バーナーおよびその近傍を含む要部の平断面図である。It is a plane sectional view of the principal part containing the combustion burner of the combustion device of a 1st embodiment of the present invention, and its neighborhood. 本発明の第1の実施の形態の燃焼装置の燃焼バーナーおよびその近傍を含む要部の側断面図である。It is a sectional side view of the principal part containing the combustion burner of the combustion apparatus of the 1st Embodiment of this invention, and its vicinity. 本発明の第1の実施の形態の燃焼装置の燃焼バーナーの開口部の端面図である。It is an end view of the opening part of the combustion burner of the combustion apparatus of the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 2の実施の形態の燃焼装置の燃焼バーナーおよびその近傍を含む要部の平断面図である。A plan sectional view of a main part including a combustion burner and its vicinity of a combustion device of the second embodiment. 2の実施の形態の燃焼装置の燃焼バーナーおよびその近傍を含む要部の側断面図である。It is a side sectional view of a main part including a combustion burner and its vicinity of a combustion device of the second embodiment. 2の実施の形態の燃焼装置の燃焼バーナーの開口部の端面図である。It is an end view of the opening of the combustion burner of a combustion device of the second embodiment. 3の実施の形態の燃焼装置の燃焼バーナーおよびその近傍を含む要部の平断面図である。A plan sectional view of a main part including a combustion burner and its vicinity of a combustion device of the third embodiment. 3の実施の形態の燃焼装置の燃焼バーナーの開口部の端面図である。It is an end view of the opening of the combustion burner of a combustion device of the third embodiment.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 炉本体
2 主燃焼バーナー
2a 噴出口
3、13、23 着火トーチ兼用バーナー
3a、13a、23a 噴出口
4 固体化石燃料供給流路
5 バイオマス燃料供給流路
6 風箱
6a 二次空気噴出口
7 二次空気
8 微粉炭
9 バイオマス燃料
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Furnace body 2 Main combustion burner 2a Outlet 3, 13, 23 Ignition torch combined burner 3a, 13a, 23a Outlet 4 Solid fossil fuel supply flow path 5 Biomass fuel supply flow path 6 Wind box 6a Secondary air outlet 7 2 Secondary air 8 Pulverized coal 9 Biomass fuel

Claims (2)

固体化石燃料とバイオマス燃料とを炉本体内に供給して燃焼させる燃焼装置であって、
前記炉本体には主燃焼バーナーと着火トーチ兼用バーナーとが取り付けられ、前記主燃焼バーナーには固体化石燃料供給流路が接続され、前記着火トーチ兼用バーナーにはバイオマス燃料供給流路が接続されると共に、
前記着火トーチ兼用バーナーと前記バイオマス燃料供給流路との接続が、前記主燃焼バーナーの外側であり、
前記着火トーチ兼用バーナーの噴出口が、前記主燃焼バーナーの噴出口と前記主燃焼バーナーの外周に設けられている風箱の二次空気噴出口とにまたがるように設けられ、
前記着火トーチ兼用バーナーの噴出口が前記主燃焼バーナーの噴出口の内側隅部に位置していることを特徴とする燃焼装置。
A combustion device for supplying solid fossil fuel and biomass fuel into the furnace body and burning them,
A main combustion burner and an ignition torch combined burner are attached to the furnace body, a solid fossil fuel supply passage is connected to the main combustion burner, and a biomass fuel supply passage is connected to the ignition torch combined burner With
The connection ignition torch combined burner and the biomass fuel supply passage, Ri outer der of the main burner,
The outlet of the ignition torch combined burner is provided so as to straddle the outlet of the main combustion burner and the secondary air outlet of the wind box provided on the outer periphery of the main combustion burner,
2. A combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an outlet of the ignition torch combined burner is located at an inner corner of the outlet of the main combustion burner .
固体化石燃料とバイオマス燃料とを炉本体内に供給して燃焼させる燃焼方法であって、
前記炉本体に開口するバイオマス燃料の燃焼バーナーとバイオマス燃料を供給するバイオマス燃料供給流路とが、前記炉本体に開口する固体化石燃料の燃焼バーナーの外側で接続され、
前記バイオマス燃料供給流路から前記バイオマス燃料を供給し、
前記バイオマス燃料の燃焼バーナーの噴出口が、前記固体化石燃料の燃焼バーナーの噴出口と前記固体化石燃料の燃焼バーナーの外周に設けられている風箱の二次空気噴出口とにまたがるように配置され、
前記バイオマスの燃焼バーナーの噴出口を前記固体化石燃料の燃焼バーナー噴出口の内側隅部に位置させ、
前記炉本体に開口するバイオマス燃料の燃焼バーナーを着火トーチとして利用することにより前記固体化石燃料の燃焼性を向上させることを特徴とする燃焼方法。
A combustion method in which solid fossil fuel and biomass fuel are supplied into the furnace body and burned,
A biomass fuel combustion burner that opens to the furnace body and a biomass fuel supply passage that supplies biomass fuel are connected outside the solid fossil fuel combustion burner that opens to the furnace body,
Supplying the biomass fuel from the biomass fuel supply channel,
The biomass fuel combustion burner outlet is disposed so as to span between the solid fossil fuel combustion burner outlet and the secondary air outlet of the wind box provided on the outer periphery of the solid fossil fuel combustion burner. And
The biomass combustion burner outlet is located at the inner corner of the solid fossil fuel combustion burner outlet,
A combustion method characterized by improving the combustibility of the solid fossil fuel by using a combustion burner of biomass fuel opened in the furnace body as an ignition torch.
JP2004050176A 2004-02-25 2004-02-25 Combustion apparatus and combustion method Expired - Lifetime JP3999749B2 (en)

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