JP3998349B2 - Light oil composition with excellent low-temperature fluidity - Google Patents

Light oil composition with excellent low-temperature fluidity Download PDF

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JP3998349B2
JP3998349B2 JP31044098A JP31044098A JP3998349B2 JP 3998349 B2 JP3998349 B2 JP 3998349B2 JP 31044098 A JP31044098 A JP 31044098A JP 31044098 A JP31044098 A JP 31044098A JP 3998349 B2 JP3998349 B2 JP 3998349B2
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Prior art keywords
light oil
mass
carbon atoms
temperature fluidity
oil composition
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JP2000136394A (en
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保高 岡野
政則 石野
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株式会社ジョモテクニカルリサーチセンター
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、自動車用ディーゼル燃料などに用いられる軽油組成物であり、特に、低温流動性に優れた軽油組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
軽油は、冬季などの低温環境で使用される場合に、含有されるワックス分の析出により流動性が悪化し、使用が困難となることがある。たとえば、フィルターの目詰まりによりディーゼルエンジンの運転が停止などの問題がある。
【0003】
このため、低温環境で使用される軽油には、通常の軽油留分に灯油留分を配合して低温流動性を向上させている。また、低温流動性向上剤と呼ばれる化学合成品を添加している。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、軽油留分に灯油留分を多く配合した場合、粘度が低下し、軽油の耐摩耗性が低下するなどの問題がある。また、軽油の低温流動性は、冬季において問題となるが、同時に、冬季は灯油の需要も多く、灯油留分の十分な手当が難しいこともある。
【0005】
さらに、低温流動性向上剤は、軽油留分の性質により効果が出にくい場合もある。例えば、ナローカットと呼ばれる沸点範囲の狭い軽油留分は、低温流動性向上剤を加えても、その効果は得られにくい。
【0006】
本発明は、軽油の低温流動性の問題を解決するもので、軽油より軽い留分の比較的少ない配合により、十分な低温流動性が得られる軽油組成物を提供するものである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明による軽油組成物の製造方法は、
軽油基材75〜95容量%と、炭素数9のアルキルベンゼンを50質量%以上含む留分5〜25容量%とを配合し、エチレン−酢酸ビニル系共重合体からなる低温流動性向上剤を100〜1000ppm添加する軽油組成物の製造方法であり、
また、本発明による軽油組成物は、
炭素数9のアルキルベンゼンを3質量%以上含み、エチレン−酢酸ビニル系共重合体からなる低温流動性向上剤が100〜1000ppm添加されている軽油組成物である。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
(軽油基材)
本発明に用いる軽油基材は、通常、沸点範囲150〜360℃の石油留分であり、20%留出温度が200〜280℃、50%留出温度が260〜300℃、90%留出温度が300〜380℃の性状である。
【0010】
このような軽油基材は、原油の常圧蒸留、減圧蒸留、接触分解・熱分解などの分解油から所定の留分として得ることができる。いわゆる軽油留分や、それに灯油留分などの他の留分を配合したものを軽油基材として用いることができる。通常、環境規制上、水素化脱硫処理などにより硫黄分が0.05質量%以下、特には、0.005質量%以下に低減されている。
【0011】
この軽油基材の好ましい特性は、セタン指数が40〜60、特には45〜55であり、15℃における密度が0.76〜0.92g/cm3、特には0.80〜0.88g/cm3であり、30℃における動粘度が1.5〜5.0mm2/sである。
【0012】
特に本発明は、沸点範囲の狭い軽油基材、具体的には終点が360℃以下であり、かつ、90%留出温度と終点の差が25℃以下の場合に低温流動性の向上が顕著であり、さらに、20%留出温度と90%留出温度との差が100℃以下、特には80℃以下の場合に、好ましく用いられる。
【0013】
(アルキルベンゼン)
本発明で用いられるアルキルベンゼンは、炭素数9〜11、特には炭素数9であり、1つ、または、2つ以上のアルキル基を含むものである。炭素数8以下のアルキルベンゼンは、軽油基材への配合により引火点が大きく低下する。また、炭素数12以上のアルキルベンゼンは、2環芳香族との分離が難しいため、添加により色相の悪化などが生じやすい。
【0014】
炭素数9〜11のアルキルベンゼンの含有量を、軽油に含まれる単環芳香族(ベンゼンおよびアルキルベンゼンを主成分とする)の内の20質量%以上、好ましくは30質量%以上とすることで、低温流動性が向上する。
【0015】
また、本発明は、比較的軽い留分のほとんどを単環芳香族、好ましくは炭素数9〜11のアルキルベンゼンとするものであり、具体的には、20%留出点までの30〜100質量%、好ましくは40質量%以上、特には50質量%以上とすることで、低温流動性が向上する。
【0016】
また、本発明は、軽油中に、炭素数9〜11の、特には炭素数9のアルキルベンゼンを3質量%以上、好ましくは5〜30質量%、特には10〜20質量%配合することにより、低温流動性が向上する。
【0017】
このようなアルキルベンゼンを主成分とする留分は、石油化学の製造工程から得ることもできるが、石油精製工程から得られる石油留分、特には、ナフサ留分の改質により得られる改質油中から容易に得ることができる。この留分は、炭素数9〜11の、特には炭素数9のアルキルベンゼンを主成分とし、50質量%以上、特には90質量%以上含むことが好ましい。
【0018】
(低温流動性向上剤)
本発明は、低温流動性向上剤を100〜1000ppm、特には150〜600ppm添加した際に、通常の軽油組成物へ添加する以上に低温流動性が向上する。添加量は、製品の流動点、目詰まり点が規格を満足するように適宜選択する。
【0019】
低温流動性向上剤としては、エチレン共重合体、アルケニルコハク酸アミド系化合物などを用いることができるが、エチレンと共重合させるコモノマーとしては特には、酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル、酪酸ビニルなどの飽和脂肪酸のビニルエステルが好ましく用いられる。
【0020】
(他の配合成分)
本発明の軽油組成物には、エーテル化合物などの含酸素化合物に代表される他の基材を20重量%、特には10重量%まで含んでいてもよい。さらに、耐摩耗性向上剤、セタン価向上剤、酸化防止剤、金属不活性化剤、腐食防止剤等の公知の燃料添加剤を添加してもよい。
【0021】
耐摩耗性向上剤としては、長鎖(例えば、炭素数12〜24)の脂肪酸またのその脂肪酸エステルが好ましく用いられる。10〜500ppm、好ましくは 50〜100ppmの添加量で十分に耐摩耗性が向上する。
【0022】
【実施例】
以下、実施例に基づき本発明を説明する。
【0023】
基材として、軽油基材、芳香族基材1、芳香族基材2、芳香族基材3および灯油基材を用い、供試油1〜4を調製した。
【0024】
これらの基材の性状を表1に示す。軽油基材・灯油基材は、直留の軽油留分または灯油留分を水素化脱硫した基材である。芳香族基材1〜3は、改質ガソリンからキシレンを抽出した際に得られるアルキルベンゼンを主成分とする基材である。
【0025】
芳香族基材1の組成は、炭素数8以下の単環芳香族を8.0質量%、炭素数9の単環芳香族を91.8質量%、炭素数10以上の単環芳香族を0.2質量%含むものである。
【0026】
芳香族基材2の組成は、炭素数8以下の単環芳香族を0.6質量%、炭素数9の単環芳香族を94.6質量%、炭素数10以上の単環芳香族を4.7質量%含むものである。
【0027】
芳香族基材3の組成は、炭素数9の単環芳香族を4.8質量%、炭素数10の単環芳香族を31.6質量%、炭素数11の単環芳香族を27.8質量%、炭素数12以上の単環芳香族を2.2質量%、2環芳香族を31.0質量%、3環芳香族を0.6質量%、その他を2.0質量%含むものである。
【0028】
【表1】

Figure 0003998349
【0029】
供試油1〜4は、軽油基材80容量%に、芳香族基材1、芳香族基材2、芳香族基材3または灯油基材をそれぞれ20容量%配合したものであり、その性状などを表2に示す。なお、芳香族分は、IP319−90により測定した。
【0030】
【表2】
Figure 0003998349
【0031】
この供試油1〜4の曇り点、目詰まり性、流動性を評価し、その結果を表3にまとめる。曇り点と流動点はJIS K 2269により、目詰まり点はJIS
K 2288により評価を行った。
【0032】
【表3】
Figure 0003998349
【0033】
この供試油1〜4に、エチレン−酢酸ビニル系共重合体からなる低温流動性向上剤(エクソン化学製、パラフロ−240)を300ppm添加し、曇り点、目詰まり点、流動点を同様に評価し、その結果を表4にまとめる。
【0034】
【表4】
Figure 0003998349
【0035】
本発明による軽油組成物は、軽油基材75〜95容量%と、炭素数9のアルキルベンゼンを50質量%以上含む留分5〜25容量%とを配合し、エチレン−酢酸ビニル系低共重合体からなる低温流動性向上剤を100〜1000ppm添加したものである。灯油基材などを配合した場合に比べ、曇り点、目詰まり性、流動性などが向上し、軽質な留分を多く配合することなく、高い低温流動性を得ることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a light oil composition used for automobile diesel fuel and the like, and particularly to a light oil composition excellent in low-temperature fluidity.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When light oil is used in a low-temperature environment such as winter, the fluidity is deteriorated due to precipitation of the contained wax, and it may be difficult to use. For example, there is a problem that the operation of the diesel engine is stopped due to clogging of the filter.
[0003]
For this reason, the light oil used in a low-temperature environment is blended with a kerosene fraction in a normal light oil fraction to improve low-temperature fluidity. In addition, a chemically synthesized product called a low temperature fluidity improver is added.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when a large amount of kerosene fraction is blended in the light oil fraction, there are problems such as a decrease in viscosity and a reduction in wear resistance of the light oil. In addition, low temperature fluidity of diesel oil is a problem in winter, but at the same time, there is a great demand for kerosene in winter, and it may be difficult to obtain sufficient allowance for the kerosene fraction.
[0005]
Furthermore, the low temperature fluidity improver may not be effective due to the nature of the light oil fraction. For example, a light oil fraction with a narrow boiling range called narrow cut is less likely to achieve its effect even when a low temperature fluidity improver is added.
[0006]
The present invention solves the problem of low-temperature fluidity of light oil, and provides a light-oil composition capable of obtaining sufficient low-temperature fluidity with a relatively small blend of lighter fractions than light oil.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The method for producing a light oil composition according to the present invention includes:
A low-temperature fluidity improver made of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is prepared by blending 75 to 95% by volume of a light oil base material and 5 to 25% by volume of a fraction containing 50% by mass or more of an alkylbenzene having 9 carbon atoms. It is a method for producing a light oil composition to be added to 1000 ppm,
Further, the light oil composition according to the present invention comprises:
This is a light oil composition containing 3 mass% or more of an alkylbenzene having 9 carbon atoms and having 100 to 1000 ppm of a low-temperature fluidity improver made of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer added.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(Light oil base)
The light oil base used in the present invention is usually a petroleum fraction having a boiling range of 150 to 360 ° C, a 20% distillation temperature of 200 to 280 ° C, a 50% distillation temperature of 260 to 300 ° C, and a 90% distillation. The temperature is 300 to 380 ° C.
[0010]
Such a light oil base material can be obtained as a predetermined fraction from cracked oil such as atmospheric distillation, reduced pressure distillation, catalytic cracking and thermal cracking of crude oil. A so-called gas oil fraction or a mixture of other fractions such as a kerosene fraction can be used as the light oil base material. Normally, due to environmental regulations, the sulfur content is reduced to 0.05% by mass or less, particularly 0.005% by mass or less by hydrodesulfurization treatment or the like.
[0011]
Preferred characteristics of this light oil base material are a cetane index of 40 to 60, particularly 45 to 55, and a density at 15 ° C. of 0.76 to 0.92 g / cm 3 , particularly 0.80 to 0.88 g / cm 3 and the kinematic viscosity at 30 ° C. is 1.5 to 5.0 mm 2 / s.
[0012]
In particular, the present invention has a remarkable improvement in low-temperature fluidity when the gas oil base has a narrow boiling range, specifically when the end point is 360 ° C. or less and the difference between the 90% distillation temperature and the end point is 25 ° C. or less. Furthermore, it is preferably used when the difference between the 20% distillation temperature and the 90% distillation temperature is 100 ° C. or less, particularly 80 ° C. or less.
[0013]
(Alkylbenzene)
The alkylbenzene used in the present invention has 9 to 11 carbon atoms, particularly 9 carbon atoms, and contains one or two or more alkyl groups. An alkylbenzene having 8 or less carbon atoms has a significantly reduced flash point due to its incorporation into a light oil base. In addition, since alkylbenzene having 12 or more carbon atoms is difficult to separate from a bicyclic aromatic, addition of the benzene tends to cause deterioration of hue.
[0014]
By setting the content of the alkylbenzene having 9 to 11 carbon atoms to 20% by mass or more, preferably 30% by mass or more, of monocyclic aromatics (mainly containing benzene and alkylbenzene) contained in light oil, Fluidity is improved.
[0015]
In the present invention, most of the relatively light fraction is monocyclic aromatic, preferably alkylbenzene having 9 to 11 carbon atoms, specifically, 30 to 100 mass up to a 20% distillation point. %, Preferably 40% by mass or more, and particularly 50% by mass or more improves the low temperature fluidity.
[0016]
Further, the present invention comprises blending 3 to 9% by mass, preferably 5 to 30% by mass, especially 10 to 20% by mass of an alkylbenzene having 9 to 11 carbon atoms, particularly 9 carbon atoms, in light oil. Low temperature fluidity is improved.
[0017]
Such a fraction containing alkylbenzene as a main component can be obtained from a petrochemical production process, but a refined oil obtained by reforming a petroleum fraction obtained from an oil refining process, particularly a naphtha fraction. It can be easily obtained from the inside. This fraction is mainly composed of an alkylbenzene having 9 to 11 carbon atoms, particularly 9 carbon atoms, and preferably contains 50% by mass or more, particularly 90% by mass or more.
[0018]
(Low temperature fluidity improver)
In the present invention, when a low-temperature fluidity improver is added in an amount of 100 to 1000 ppm, particularly 150 to 600 ppm, the low-temperature fluidity is improved as compared with the addition to a normal light oil composition. The addition amount is appropriately selected so that the pour point and clogging point of the product satisfy the standard.
[0019]
As the low temperature fluidity improver, an ethylene copolymer, an alkenyl succinic acid amide compound or the like can be used, but as a comonomer to be copolymerized with ethylene, a saturated solvent such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate or vinyl butyrate is particularly preferable. A vinyl ester of a fatty acid is preferably used.
[0020]
(Other ingredients)
The light oil composition of the present invention may contain other base materials typified by oxygen-containing compounds such as ether compounds in an amount of 20% by weight, particularly up to 10% by weight. Furthermore, known fuel additives such as an abrasion resistance improver, a cetane number improver, an antioxidant, a metal deactivator, and a corrosion inhibitor may be added.
[0021]
As the wear resistance improver, a long chain (for example, having 12 to 24 carbon atoms) fatty acid or fatty acid ester thereof is preferably used. The wear resistance is sufficiently improved by the addition amount of 10 to 500 ppm, preferably 50 to 100 ppm.
[0022]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on examples.
[0023]
Sample oils 1 to 4 were prepared using a light oil base, an aromatic base 1, an aromatic base 2, an aromatic base 3 and a kerosene base as the base.
[0024]
Table 1 shows the properties of these substrates. The light oil base material / kerosene base material is a base material obtained by hydrodesulfurizing a straight-run light oil fraction or a kerosene fraction. The aromatic base materials 1 to 3 are base materials mainly composed of alkylbenzene obtained when xylene is extracted from the reformed gasoline.
[0025]
The composition of the aromatic substrate 1 is 8.0% by mass of monocyclic aromatics having 8 or less carbon atoms, 91.8% by mass of monocyclic aromatics having 9 carbon atoms, and monocyclic aromatics having 10 or more carbon atoms. It contains 0.2% by mass.
[0026]
The composition of the aromatic base 2 is 0.6% by mass of monocyclic aromatics having 8 or less carbon atoms, 94.6% by mass of monocyclic aromatics having 9 carbon atoms, and monocyclic aromatics having 10 or more carbon atoms. It contains 4.7 mass%.
[0027]
The composition of the aromatic substrate 3 is 4.8% by mass of monocyclic aromatics having 9 carbon atoms, 31.6% by mass of monocyclic aromatics having 10 carbon atoms, and 27. monocyclic aromatics having 11 carbon atoms. 8% by mass, 2.2% by mass of monocyclic aromatics having 12 or more carbon atoms, 31.0% by mass of bicyclic aromatics, 0.6% by mass of tricyclic aromatics, 2.0% by mass of others It is a waste.
[0028]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003998349
[0029]
Test oils 1 to 4 are blended with 80% by volume of light oil base material and 20% by volume of aromatic base material 1, aromatic base material 2, aromatic base material 3 or kerosene base material, respectively. These are shown in Table 2. In addition, the aromatic content was measured by IP319-90.
[0030]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003998349
[0031]
The cloud points, clogging properties, and fluidity of these test oils 1 to 4 were evaluated, and the results are summarized in Table 3. The cloud point and pour point are in accordance with JIS K 2269, and the clogging point is in JIS.
Evaluation was performed according to K2288.
[0032]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003998349
[0033]
300 ppm of a low-temperature fluidity improver made of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (manufactured by Exxon Chemical, Paraflo-240) is added to each of the test oils 1 to 4, and the cloud point, clogging point, and pour point are similarly set. The results are evaluated and the results are summarized in Table 4.
[0034]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003998349
[0035]
The light oil composition according to the present invention comprises 75 to 95% by volume of a light oil base and 5 to 25% by volume of a fraction containing 50% by mass or more of an alkylbenzene having 9 carbon atoms, and an ethylene-vinyl acetate low copolymer. A low-temperature fluidity improver consisting of 100 to 1000 ppm is added . Compared with the case where a kerosene base material is blended, the cloud point, clogging property, fluidity, etc. are improved, and high low temperature fluidity can be obtained without blending many light fractions.

Claims (2)

軽油基材75〜95容量%と、炭素数9のアルキルベンゼンを50質量%以上含む留分5〜25容量%とを配合し、エチレン−酢酸ビニル系共重合体からなる低温流動性向上剤を100〜1000ppm添加する軽油組成物の製造方法。A low-temperature fluidity improver composed of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is prepared by blending 75 to 95% by volume of a light oil base material and 5 to 25% by volume of a fraction containing 50% by mass or more of an alkylbenzene having 9 carbon atoms. The manufacturing method of the light oil composition which adds -1000 ppm . 炭素数9のアルキルベンゼンを3質量%以上含み、エチレン−酢酸ビニル系共重合体からなる低温流動性向上剤が100〜1000ppm添加されている軽油組成物。 Look containing alkylbenzene having 9 carbon atoms 3 mass% or more, ethylene - gas oil composition cold flow improvers comprising a vinyl acetate copolymer is added 100 to 1000 ppm.
JP31044098A 1998-10-30 1998-10-30 Light oil composition with excellent low-temperature fluidity Expired - Lifetime JP3998349B2 (en)

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JP4856958B2 (en) * 2006-01-23 2012-01-18 コスモ石油株式会社 Fuel oil composition
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JP6128839B2 (en) * 2012-12-27 2017-05-17 昭和シェル石油株式会社 Light oil fuel composition
CN104830382A (en) * 2014-02-10 2015-08-12 四川欧瑞迪能源有限公司 Methyl ester diesel oil

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