JP3997665B2 - Connection method between semiconductor element and circuit board - Google Patents
Connection method between semiconductor element and circuit board Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3997665B2 JP3997665B2 JP24017799A JP24017799A JP3997665B2 JP 3997665 B2 JP3997665 B2 JP 3997665B2 JP 24017799 A JP24017799 A JP 24017799A JP 24017799 A JP24017799 A JP 24017799A JP 3997665 B2 JP3997665 B2 JP 3997665B2
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- wire
- circuit board
- bonding
- land
- semiconductor element
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、半導体素子の電極と回路基板の配線とをワイヤボンディングで形成されたAuよりなる導線によって電気的に接続する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
半導体製品の高機能化とともに、例えばハイブリッドICに実装される半導体素子(ベアチップIC)の電極は、狭ピッチおよび多端子化の傾向にある。このため、半導体素子の電極と回路基板上の配線との間を狭ピッチ化に対応できるAu(金)ワイヤボールボンディング手法を用いる必要性がでてきた。また、回路基板の低コスト化のために回路基板の配線にはコストの高いAu等の貴金属ではなく、Cu(銅)等の卑金属を用いる必要性がある。
【0003】
しかし、回路基板上のCu配線にAuワイヤボールボンディング手法を実施する場合は回路基板を加熱する必要性があり、この加熱によりCu配線が酸化してAuワイヤのボンディング接合性が低下するといった不具合がある。そこで、このような不具合に対して、回路基板上のAuワイヤをボンディングする部分(ボンディングランド部)を工夫することにより上述の不具合を解決する様々な提案がなされている。
【0004】
例えば、特開昭57−130443号公報に記載の発明においては、この発明の接続方法を用いた回路基板の模式的な断面図である図6に示すように、回路基板J1上のCu配線J2のうちボンディングランド部J3をAu厚膜などの貴金属を用いて予め形成しておく。そして、その後、上述の半導体素子J4の電極部J4aと回路基板J1のボンディングランド部J3とを、Auワイヤを用いてワイヤボンディングすることにより、半導体素子J4と回路基板J1とを導線J5によって電気的に接続するという手法を用いている。
【0005】
また、特開平3−91251号公報に記載の発明の接続方法を用いた回路基板の模式的な断面図を図7(a)に示す。この発明では、Au厚膜などを回路基板J1上に形成せずに、予め回路基板J1のCu配線J2上にAuパッドJ6を溶接してボンディングランド部を形成する。その後、特開昭57−130443号公報と同様にAuワイヤからなる導線J5によって接続する。
【0006】
さらに、特開平10−112471号公報に記載の発明では、この発明の接続方法を用いた回路基板の模式的な断面図である図8(a)に示すように、予め回路基板J1のCu配線J2上にAuワイヤボールボンディングを行ってボール状のバンプJ7を形成しておき、その後は、特開昭57−130443号公報と同様にAuワイヤからなる導線J5によって接続するという手法が提案されている。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上述の特開昭57−130443号公報に記載の発明では、Au厚膜等の貴金属を用いるため回路基板のコストが高くなるという不具合がある。また、特開平3−91251号公報に記載の発明では、AuリボンからなるAuパッドJ6をパラレルギャップ溶接等の手法で溶接する場合、このAuパッドJ6の寸法は少なくとも1mm×1mm程度の大きさが必要である。図7(b)はこの発明を用いた場合の回路基板の模式的な上面図である。
【0008】
このAuパッドJ6の大きさで、例えば、100をこえる電極端子数をもつ半導体素子J4を回路基板J1に組み付け、AuパッドJ6を回路基板J1上にレイアウトした場合には、図7(b)に示す様に、ワイヤボンディング部の実装面積が大きくなってしまう。そして、それにより、Auワイヤからなる導線J5のボンディング長が長くなりすぎてAuワイヤボンディングができないといった不具合も生じる。従って、本公報に記載の発明では、近年の半導体素子の電極の狭ピッチ化および多端子化に対応できない。
【0009】
一方、特開平10−112471号公報に記載の発明を用いた場合、回路基板の模式的な上面図である図8(b)に示す様に、Auワイヤの接合性を確保し、かつ、例えば300μmピッチ程度の狭ピッチなAuワイヤボンディング用のランドを形成することができる。しかし、最初にCu配線J2上にバンプJ7を形成する手法はAuワイヤボールボンディングであるため、ボンディング時に回路基板J1を加熱する必要がある。これにより、回路基板J1上へのAuワイヤボンディングの本数が多い場合には、加熱時間が長くなるためにCu配線J2の酸化が生じてしまい、バンプJ7をうまく接合することができないといった不具合がある。
【0010】
本発明は、上記問題点に鑑み、半導体素子と回路基板上に形成された複数個の配線とをワイヤボンディングで形成されたAuよりなる導線によって電気的に接続する方法において、回路基板に形成された卑金属よりなる配線の酸化により、Auワイヤボンディングの接合性が低下することを回避するとともに、狭ピッチ化に対応したワイヤボンディング用のランドを提供することを目的とする。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、請求項1に記載の発明では、回路基板(1)上に形成された複数個の配線(4)のワイヤボンディングを行う全ての部分に、回路基板(1)の加熱を伴わずにウェッジボンディングを行ってAuよりなるランド(5)を形成し、その後、ボールボンディング用のワイヤボンダを用いて半導体素子(3)とランド(5)との間をワイヤボンドすることによりAuよりなる導線(10)を形成することを特徴としている。
【0012】
本発明によれば、回路基板(1)の加熱を伴わずにウェッジボンディングを行ってランド(5)を形成しているので、回路基板(1)の配線(4)上にランド(5)を形成する際に配線(4)が酸化することを防ぎ、適切にランド(5)を形成することができる。また、ウェッジボンディングによりランド(5)を形成したことにより、ランド(5)の大きさはAuワイヤ(6)を少しつぶした程度の大きさにすることができる。そのため、複数個の配線(4)を狭ピッチ化しても、それに対応してランド(5)を形成できる。従って、回路基板に形成された卑金属よりなる配線の酸化により、Auワイヤボンディングの接合性が低下することを回避するとともに、狭ピッチ化に対応したワイヤボンディング用のランドを提供することができる。
【0013】
請求項2に記載の発明では、請求項1に記載の発明において、ランド(5)を形成した後、回路基板(1)を加熱することにより、ランド(5)を構成するAuと配線(4)を構成する金属とを相互に拡散させることを特徴としている。これにより、ランド(5)と配線(4)との接合性を向上させることができる。
【0014】
なお、上記各手段の括弧内の符号は、後述する実施形態に記載の具体的手段との対応関係を示すものである。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は、回路基板上に対するAuワイヤを用いたワイヤボンディングの方法であり、主にハイブリッドICの実装に用いて好適である。図1および図2は、本発明の第1実施形態に係る半導体素子と回路基板との接続方法を示す工程図であり、本接続方法は、図3に示す本実施形態のフローチャートに示すように、ウェッジボンディングを行った後に、ボールボンディングを行うものことにより、最終的に図2(d)に示す接続構造(部分断面図)を得るものである。なお、図1および図2(a)〜(c)は、図2(d)に対応した断面にて各接続工程の状態を示している。以下、接続工程順に説明する。
【0016】
まず、図1(a)に示す様に、回路基板(セラミック基板やプリント基板などの基板もしくはリードフレーム)1を用意する。この回路基板1の一面上には、ダイマウント材(例えばはんだやAgペースト)2により半導体素子3がダイマウントされ、半導体素子3上には、半導体素子3の内部回路と電気的に接続された複数の電極3aが設けられている。一方、回路基板1の一面上のうち半導体素子3の設置領域と異なる部分には、Cu等の卑金属からなる配線材料を用いた複数の配線4が形成されており、本実施形態ではCuを用いている。
【0017】
そして、ウェッジボンディング用のワイヤボンダを用いて、図1(a)〜(c)に示す様に、この配線4上に、Auよりなる複数個のAuランド5を、Auワイヤ6を用いて室温において、つまり、回路基板1を加熱することなくウェッジボンディングにより形成する。ここで、本発明でいうウェッジボンディングとは、周知の様に、超音波振動をするウェッジボンディング用のワイヤボンドツール(以下、ウェッジツールとする)先端で、ボンディングワイヤを非接触物に押し付け、超音波振動と荷重により接合するという手法である。初めに、図1(a)に示す様に、ウェッジツール7の先端にボンディングワイヤとしてのAuワイヤ6があるような状態にする。ここで用いるAuワイヤ6の直径は、例えば、30μm、50μmあるいは100μm程度のものである。
【0018】
次に、図1(b)に示す様に、ウェッジツール7を配線4上に位置させてウェッジボンディングを行いAuランド5を形成する。具体的には、Auワイヤ6をウェッジボンドした後、Auワイヤ6をクランプして、図1(b)のAの部分で引きちぎるか、あるいは、カッター等で切ることによりAuランド5を形成することができる。ここで、Auランド5の幅は、後述のボールボンディングを行う時に用いるAuワイヤ6の直径の1.5倍程度以上あるようにする。次に、図1(c)に示す様に、次のAuランド5の形成に備える。以上これら図1(a)〜(c)の工程を順次繰り返し、必要とされる全てのAuランド5を形成する。ここまでが、図3に示すAuワイヤウェッジボンディング工程S1である。
【0019】
次に、図2(a)〜(d)に示す様に、ボールボンディング用のワイヤボンダを用いて、回路基板1を加熱しつつ、半導体素子3の複数の電極3aを1次側、回路基板1の配線4上に形成された複数のAuランド5を2次側として、ボールボンディングによって半導体素子3と回路基板1とをワイヤボンドする。まず、図2(a)に示すように、キャピラリ8の貫通孔にAuワイヤ6を挿通した状態で、トーチ電極9からの放電によりキャピラリ8から突出したAuワイヤ6の先端にAuボール6aを形成する。ここで用いるAuワイヤ6の直径は、例えば、30μm、50μmあるいは100μm程度のものを用いることができる。
【0020】
そして、図2(b)に示すように、キャピラリ8を半導体素子3の電極3a上に位置させ、1次ボンディングを行う。次に、図2(c)に示すように、Auワイヤ6をルーピングしてキャピラリ8をAuランド5上に位置させ2次ボンディングを行い、Auよりなる導線10を形成する。そして、図2(a)〜(c)の工程を順次繰り返し、全てのAuランド5と対応する半導体素子3の電極3aとを導線10によって接続する。ここまでが、図3に示すAuワイヤボールボンディング工程S2である。以上、各工程S1およびS2を行うことにより、図2(d)に示すように、半導体素子3の電極3aと回路基板1の全てのAuランド5との間にAuワイヤ6よりなる導線10が形成され、半導体素子3と回路基板1とが電気的に接続される。
【0021】
ところで、本実施形態によれば、Auランド5の形成をウェッジボンディングによって行っており、ウェッジボンディングは回路基板1の加熱を伴わずに行うことができるため、回路基板1の配線4上にAuランド5を形成する際に配線4が酸化することを防ぎ、適切にAuランド5を形成することができる。また、予め必要とされる全てのAuランド5を形成し、その後、そのAuランド5を2次側としてAuワイヤ6を用いてボールボンディングを行っており、2次ボンディングはAuどうしの接合であるため、Auワイヤ6を用いたワイヤボンディングの接合性が低下することはない。
【0022】
また、ウェッジボンディングによりAuランド5を形成するため、Auワイヤ6を少しつぶした程度の大きさである小さなAuランド5を形成することができる。詳しくは、Auランド5の上面図である図4に示すように、つぶれ幅WをAuワイヤ6のワイヤ径の1.5〜3倍程度にし、つぶれ長さLをAuワイヤ6のワイヤ径の2〜5倍程度にすることができる。従って、回路基板に形成された卑金属よりなる配線の酸化により、Auワイヤボンディングの接合性が低下することを回避するとともに、狭ピッチ化に対応したワイヤボンディング用のランドを提供することができる。
【0023】
なお、Auランド5を形成するのに用いるAuワイヤ6と、その後ボールボンディングを行うのに用いるAuワイヤ6との直径は同じであってもよいし異なっていてもよいが、Auランド5に対して2次ボンディングを行った際にAuワイヤがAuランド5からはみ出さない様にする必要がある。また、本実施形態の接続方法では、回路基板1の配線4に形成されたAuランド5をボールボンディングの2次側としたが、これとは逆に、半導体素子3の電極3aをボールボンディングの2次側としてもよい。
【0024】
(他の実施形態)
本実施形態のフローチャートを図5に示す。本実施形態は、上述の実施形態におけるAuワイヤウェッジボンディング工程S1とAuワイヤボールボンディング工程S2との間に、加熱工程S3を行うものである。具体的には、この加熱工程S3では、回路基板1を、例えば、150℃程度の温度に加熱することができる。本実施形態によれば、回路基板1を加熱することにより、Auランド5を構成するAuと配線4を構成するCuとを相互に拡散させ、Auランド5の配線4への接合性を向上させることができる。
【0025】
なお、この加熱工程S3は、Auワイヤボールボンディング工程S2を行った後に行ってもよい。また、Auワイヤボールボンディング工程S2においても回路基板1を加熱しているが、その時の温度は、例えば、100〜110℃程度の温度であり、本実施形態の加熱工程S3における加熱温度よりも低い。従って、Auランド5の配線4への接合性を向上させるためには、本実施形態の様に加熱工程S3を行うことが有効である。
【0026】
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の半導体素子と回路基板との接続方法を示す工程図である。
【図2】図1に続く接続方法を示す工程図である。
【図3】本発明の実施形態のフローチャートである。
【図4】Auランドの上面図である。
【図5】本発明の他の実施形態のフローチャートである。
【図6】従来の半導体素子と回路基板との接続方法を示す模式的な断面図である。
【図7】その他の従来の接続方法を示す模式的な図である。
【図8】もう一つのその他の従来の接続方法を示す模式的な図である。
【符号の説明】
1…回路基板、3…半導体素子、4…配線、5…Auランド、10…導線。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method of electrically connecting an electrode of a semiconductor element and a wiring of a circuit board by a conductive wire made of Au formed by wire bonding.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Along with the increase in functionality of semiconductor products, for example, the electrodes of semiconductor elements (bare chip ICs) mounted on hybrid ICs tend to have narrow pitches and multiple terminals. For this reason, it has become necessary to use an Au (gold) wire ball bonding technique that can cope with a narrow pitch between the electrode of the semiconductor element and the wiring on the circuit board. Further, in order to reduce the cost of the circuit board, it is necessary to use a base metal such as Cu (copper) instead of the expensive noble metal such as Au for the wiring of the circuit board.
[0003]
However, when the Au wire ball bonding method is applied to the Cu wiring on the circuit board, it is necessary to heat the circuit board, and this heating causes a problem that the Cu wiring is oxidized and the bonding property of the Au wire is lowered. is there. Therefore, various proposals have been made to solve the above problems by devising a portion (bonding land portion) for bonding the Au wire on the circuit board.
[0004]
For example, in the invention described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-130443, as shown in FIG. 6 which is a schematic cross-sectional view of a circuit board using the connection method of the present invention, Cu wiring J2 on the circuit board J1 is used. Of these, the bonding land J3 is formed in advance using a noble metal such as an Au thick film. Thereafter, the electrode part J4a of the semiconductor element J4 and the bonding land part J3 of the circuit board J1 are wire-bonded using an Au wire, whereby the semiconductor element J4 and the circuit board J1 are electrically connected by the conductive wire J5. The method of connecting to is used.
[0005]
FIG. 7A shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a circuit board using the connection method of the invention described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-91251. In the present invention, without forming an Au thick film or the like on the circuit board J1, an Au pad J6 is welded in advance on the Cu wiring J2 of the circuit board J1 to form a bonding land portion. Thereafter, they are connected by a conductive wire J5 made of Au wire as in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-130443.
[0006]
Furthermore, in the invention described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-112471, as shown in FIG. 8A which is a schematic cross-sectional view of a circuit board using the connection method of the present invention, Cu wiring of the circuit board J1 is previously provided. A method has been proposed in which Au wire ball bonding is performed on J2 to form a ball-shaped bump J7, and thereafter, connection is made by a conductive wire J5 made of Au wire as in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-130443. Yes.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the invention described in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-130443 has a problem that the cost of the circuit board increases because a noble metal such as an Au thick film is used. In the invention described in JP-A-3-91251, when the Au pad J6 made of Au ribbon is welded by a technique such as parallel gap welding, the size of the Au pad J6 is at least about 1 mm × 1 mm. is necessary. FIG. 7B is a schematic top view of a circuit board when the present invention is used.
[0008]
When the size of the Au pad J6, for example, the semiconductor element J4 having the number of electrode terminals exceeding 100 is assembled to the circuit board J1, and the Au pad J6 is laid out on the circuit board J1, FIG. As shown, the mounting area of the wire bonding portion increases. As a result, there also arises a problem that the bonding length of the lead wire J5 made of Au wire becomes too long and Au wire bonding cannot be performed. Therefore, the invention described in this publication cannot cope with the recent reduction in the pitch and the number of terminals of the electrodes of semiconductor elements.
[0009]
On the other hand, when the invention described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-112471 is used, as shown in FIG. 8B which is a schematic top view of a circuit board, the bonding property of the Au wire is ensured, and for example, A land for Au wire bonding having a narrow pitch of about 300 μm can be formed. However, since the method of first forming the bump J7 on the Cu wiring J2 is Au wire ball bonding, it is necessary to heat the circuit board J1 during bonding. As a result, when the number of Au wire bondings on the circuit board J1 is large, the heating time becomes long, so that the Cu wiring J2 is oxidized, and the bump J7 cannot be bonded well. .
[0010]
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method for electrically connecting a semiconductor element and a plurality of wirings formed on a circuit board by a conductive wire made of Au formed by wire bonding. Another object of the present invention is to provide a wire bonding land corresponding to a narrow pitch while avoiding deterioration of the bonding performance of Au wire bonding due to the oxidation of the wiring made of the base metal.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the heating of the circuit board (1) is performed on all the portions where the plurality of wirings (4) formed on the circuit board (1) are bonded. Wedge bonding is performed without forming a land (5) made of Au, and then wire bonding is performed between the semiconductor element (3) and the land (5) by using a wire bonder for ball bonding. It is characterized by forming a conducting wire (10).
[0012]
According to the present invention, since the land (5) is formed by performing the wedge bonding without heating the circuit board (1), the land (5) is formed on the wiring (4) of the circuit board (1). The formation of the land (5) can be prevented by preventing the wiring (4) from being oxidized during the formation. In addition, since the land (5) is formed by wedge bonding, the size of the land (5) can be set to a size that the Au wire (6) is slightly crushed. Therefore, even if the pitch of the plurality of wirings (4) is narrowed, the land (5) can be formed correspondingly. Therefore, it is possible to avoid a decrease in the bonding property of Au wire bonding due to the oxidation of the wiring made of the base metal formed on the circuit board, and to provide a wire bonding land corresponding to a narrow pitch.
[0013]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, after the land (5) is formed, the circuit board (1) is heated to form Au and the wiring (4) constituting the land (5). ) Is diffused with each other. Thereby, the bondability between the land (5) and the wiring (4) can be improved.
[0014]
In addition, the code | symbol in the bracket | parenthesis of each said means shows the correspondence with the specific means as described in embodiment mentioned later.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a wire bonding method using an Au wire on a circuit board, and is suitable mainly for mounting a hybrid IC. 1 and 2 are process diagrams showing a method for connecting a semiconductor element and a circuit board according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the flowchart of this embodiment shown in FIG. The connection structure (partial cross-sectional view) shown in FIG. 2D is finally obtained by performing ball bonding after performing wedge bonding. FIG. 1 and FIGS. 2A to 2C show the state of each connection step in a cross section corresponding to FIG. Hereinafter, it demonstrates in order of a connection process.
[0016]
First, as shown in FIG. 1A, a circuit board (a board such as a ceramic board or a printed board or a lead frame) 1 is prepared. A
[0017]
Then, using a wire bonder for wedge bonding, as shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C, a plurality of Au lands 5 made of Au are formed on the
[0018]
Next, as shown in FIG. 1B, the
[0019]
Next, as shown in FIGS. 2A to 2D, a plurality of
[0020]
Then, as shown in FIG. 2B, the capillary 8 is positioned on the
[0021]
By the way, according to the present embodiment, the
[0022]
Further, since the
[0023]
The diameters of the
[0024]
(Other embodiments)
A flowchart of this embodiment is shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, a heating step S3 is performed between the Au wire wedge bonding step S1 and the Au wire ball bonding step S2 in the above-described embodiment. Specifically, in this heating step S3, the
[0025]
The heating step S3 may be performed after the Au wire ball bonding step S2. The
[0026]
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a process diagram illustrating a method for connecting a semiconductor element and a circuit board according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a process diagram illustrating a connection method following FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a top view of an Au land.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a conventional method for connecting a semiconductor element and a circuit board.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing another conventional connection method.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing another other conventional connection method.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (2)
前記複数個の配線(4)におけるワイヤボンディングを行う全ての部分に、前記回路基板(1)の加熱を伴わずにウェッジボンディングを行ってAuよりなるランド(5)を形成し、
その後、ボールボンディング用のワイヤボンダを用いて前記半導体素子(3)と前記ランド(5)との間をワイヤボンドすることにより前記導線(10)を形成することを特徴とする半導体素子と回路基板との接続方法。A method of electrically connecting a semiconductor element (3) and a plurality of wirings (4) formed on a circuit board (1) by a conductive wire (10) made of Au formed by wire bonding,
A land (5) made of Au is formed by performing wedge bonding without heating the circuit board (1) on all portions where wire bonding is performed in the plurality of wirings (4).
Thereafter, the conductor (10) is formed by wire bonding between the semiconductor element (3) and the land (5) using a wire bonder for ball bonding, and a semiconductor element and a circuit board, Connection method.
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JP24017799A JP3997665B2 (en) | 1999-08-26 | 1999-08-26 | Connection method between semiconductor element and circuit board |
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US8125060B2 (en) | 2006-12-08 | 2012-02-28 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Electronic component with layered frame |
GB2604433B (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2023-05-03 | Skyworks Solutions Inc | Apparatus and methods for tool mark free stitch bonding |
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