JP3992441B2 - Method for producing compressed wood - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention of this application relates to a method for obtaining a compressed wood (hereinafter referred to as a compressed wood). More specifically, the wood is compressed to produce a high specific gravity wood, which has a high degree of freedom in process design and has a high working efficiency. The present invention relates to a new method for producing compressed wood that can be manufactured with improved quality.
[0002]
[Prior art and its problems]
Conventionally, for the purpose of improving the strength and the like of low specific gravity wood, such as cedar, for example, it has been practiced to compress these high specific gravity. Regarding a method for obtaining such compressed wood, there are a case where the wood is compressed in a water vapor atmosphere and a case where the resin material is injected into the wood and heated and compressed in order to fix the wood in its compressed state.
[0003]
In any of these conventional methods, heat treatment and compression are simultaneously performed, and immobilization is simultaneously performed in the wood heating and compression steps. And, in the case of the conventional method of heating and compressing wood under a steam atmosphere, although compression processing and fixing treatment can be performed simultaneously in one step, it occurs in the compressed wood because of simultaneous processing and processing. The wood could be destroyed by water vapor. Therefore, in order to obtain the compressed wood in a good state, it has been necessary to strictly adjust the heating and pressurizing conditions according to the state of the wood to be compressed.
[0004]
In addition, after the compression processing, in order to ensure the safety in handling the wood in the heated state, it is necessary to provide a sufficient cooling time and wait for the compression processing material to cool and take out the compressed wood. For this reason, it took time and cost for cooling.
[0005]
The invention of this application has been made in view of the above circumstances, and does not require strict adjustments such as heating / pressing conditions and cooling time according to the wood, and the process management is easy and has a degree of freedom. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a compressed wood having a high height.
[0006]
In other words, without requiring special expensive equipment, using conventional equipment and technology, it is easy to use compressed wood with high specific gravity that is equivalent to or better than conventional products. The issue is to manufacture.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention of this application firstly includes a heating / self-adhesion component generation step in which a wood component is decomposed by heating wood in the presence of moisture to generate a self-adhesion component. performed, then to produce a adhesive component timber, perform a drying step of drying to a predetermined moisture content without compression, intends subsequently dried wood is compressed rows as compression and fixation Engineering for fixing the compressed state A compressed wood manufacturing method is provided.
[0008]
In this method, the wood is heated in the presence of moisture to produce a self-adhesive component, dried to a predetermined moisture content, and then the dried wood is compressed. There is no destruction due to an increase in pressure, and the pressure can be released without cooling.
[0009]
In addition, the invention of this application provides, secondly, a method for producing compressed wood in which the heating / self-adhesive component generation step is performed under pressurized steam.
[0010]
According to the manufacturing method of the second invention in which the heating step for generating the self-adhesive component is performed under pressurized steam, the shape after compression of the wood is further easily fixed in the compression-fixing step executed in the subsequent stage. .
[0011]
In addition, since the wood is exposed to high pressure and high pressure under pressurized steam, the moisture inside the wood is vaporized, thereby destroying the wood structure and smoothing the circulation to the outside of the wood, A drying process can be performed easily.
[0012]
Further, the invention of this application thirdly provides a method for producing compressed wood, wherein in the method for producing compressed wood, the wood is dried to an air dry water content or less in the drying step of the wood.
[0013]
For example, when wood is dried to air-dry moisture content, that is, when the wood is left in the atmosphere and dried to below the moisture content at the time when equilibrium is reached, in the subsequent compression / fixing process, the moisture in the wood The wood can be prepared so as not to be ruptured, and it can be easily stored in this dry state.
[0014]
Fourthly, the invention of this application provides a compressed wood manufacturing method in which the wood is processed while being additionally heated in the compression / fixing step.
[0015]
When compressing with additional heating, compression deformation can be effectively fixed by an adhesive component contained in the wood.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, an embodiment of the invention of this application will be described in detail.
[0017]
In the compressed wood manufacturing method of the first invention of this application, a heating / adhesive component generation step is performed in which the wood is heated in the presence of moisture to generate a self-adhesive component, and then the self-adhesive component-generated wood is subjected to a predetermined moisture content. until subjected to drying step of drying, it intends then rows as compression and fixation Engineering immobilizing dry wood in a predetermined compressed state.
[0018]
In this method, various types of wood can be used, but wood having a relatively low specific gravity is preferably used. When low specific gravity wood is used, great effects such as an increase in strength can be obtained. As the low specific gravity wood, for example, cedar, cypress, sawara, falkata, poplar and the like can be used. Further, it is preferably applied to the production of a plate member.
[0019]
The heating / adhesive component generation step of heating the wood in the presence of moisture to generate a self-adhesive component is carried out to promote fixation in the subsequent compression fixation step.
[0020]
Preferably, it is carried out under conditions suitable for decomposing wood hemicellulose, lignin and the like to produce an adhesive component.
[0021]
For example, in the heating process accompanied by the generation of the self-adhesive component, the presence of moisture is considered to be at least one of the inside of the wood and the outside added from the outside. For example, it is preferable that pressurization with water vapor is performed simultaneously with heating. By pressurizing simultaneously with heating with this water vapor, hydrolysis of hemicellulose or the like for generating an adhesive component is promoted. Moreover, the wood structure can be softened by exposing the wood to pressurized water vapor, thereby further suppressing cracks and distortion (deformation) in the drying process. This steam heating is suitable when using wood with a low water content.
[0022]
In addition, wood having a high water content can be used as a material used, and in this case, another method or the like can be employed. For example, since water vapor can be sufficiently secured by the water contained in the wood, it is not necessary to add water for forming a pressurized water vapor atmosphere from the outside, or at least the added water can be reduced.
[0023]
For this reason, as a heating method, a method that does not supply moisture, such as smoke, can be employed. However, the form which supplies water | moisture content from the outside, such as cooking and water addition, and heat | fever-preserves the predetermined water | moisture content made into water vapor | steam, is preferable.
[0024]
When the heating / self-adhesive component generation step is performed under pressurized steam, the heating temperature is preferably 60 ° C. or higher and 230 ° C. or lower, although it varies depending on the tree species and the shape of the wood. When the heating is within this temperature range, an adhesive component can be generated satisfactorily by decomposition of hemicellulose and lignin, and browning, generation of odor, and the like can be suppressed. More preferably, it is heated to 110 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower.
[0025]
The moisture content of the wood in the process of heating and generating the self-adhesive component can range from 0% or more to a saturated state. Preferably, it is 8% or more and 40% or less. In this case, the self-adhesive component can be efficiently generated and the subsequent drying can be further facilitated.
[0026]
The heating temperature is preferably 60 ° C. or higher and 230 ° C. or lower. If the temperature exceeds 230 ° C., the pressure may become too high, and the wood may burst or crack in the fiber direction. In addition, the wood may decompose and turn brown or burn. On the other hand, when the temperature is less than 60 ° C., it takes a long time to generate the self-adhesive component. The heating temperature is more preferably 110 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower. When heated to a heating temperature in this range, browning can be prevented and an adhesive component can be generated satisfactorily.
[0027]
In the drying process, moisture in the wood after the heating process can be reduced. Thereafter, the wood is continuously subjected to a compression / fixation step after drying, or once stored after drying, it is prepared for the next compression / fixation step.
[0028]
When performing the compression-fixing step after drying, it is preferable to dry the wood so that the wood is not destroyed by water vapor inside the wood after the compression step.
[0029]
For example, it is preferable to dry to a moisture content of 3 to 15%.
[0030]
In addition, when the wood is stored / stored after the drying step, it is preferably dried to a moisture content of 3% to 20%. In this range, it is possible to preserve and prevent the corrosion and deformation of the wood well. More preferably, it is dried to an air dry moisture content.
[0031]
This facilitates production management although it is temporary storage.
[0032]
Drying can be performed by various known methods. You may make it dry forcibly under high temperature, and you may carry out so that it may dry naturally at normal temperature.
[0033]
In the compression-fixing step, the dried wood is fixed in a compressed state to a predetermined compression rate to form a compressed wood. The compression process can be performed using various known methods.
[0034]
Since the wood that has undergone the process of generating the self-adhesive component and the drying process has already been subjected to pretreatment for fixation, the compressed state can be easily fixed.
[0035]
Moreover, it can heat additionally at the time of compression and fixing, and in this case, the compression deformation is effectively fixed by the adhesive component contained in the wood.
[0036]
For example, a hot press or the like is preferable as a means for compression and fixation because compression and heating can be effectively performed when compressed by these.
[0037]
The pressure required for compression can be appropriately changed according to the tree species, material, and compression rate.
[0038]
The pressure required for this compression must be, for example, 10 kg / cm ² or more when 50% of a cedar thickness 10 mm plate is compressed.
[0039]
When heating in the compression fixing step, it is preferable to heat to 100 ° C. or higher and 230 ° C. or lower. When it is in this range, the adhesive component can be softened moderately and excessive decomposition of the wood can be suppressed. A more preferable heating temperature varies depending on the tree species and shape. For example, in the case of cedar, it is preferable to heat to 140 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower.
[0040]
In this compression and fixing step, the wood can be compressed to a compression rate of 1% to 80%.
[0041]
After compression, it can be left to cool naturally.
[0042]
In the compressed wood manufactured by the method including the drying step, the moisture content at the time of compression is low, so that damage such as rupture of the wood due to water vapor in the wood is suppressed. For this reason, the compressed wood can be handled without waiting for cooling.
[0043]
In the manufacturing method of this application, since the heating / adhesive component generating step for heating and generating the self-adhesive component and the compression / fixing step are performed separately, the degree of freedom in manufacturing planning and process design can be increased.
[0044]
Specifically, before the compression-fixing step, the wood is subjected to a fixing process and moisture is reduced, so that adjustment of the heating temperature, heating time, and applied pressure in the compression-fixing step is easy. In addition, the safety of the compression fixing process is also high. In addition, the degree of freedom of each process condition is high.
[0045]
For this reason, it can be flexibly prepared by adjusting the conditions of the wood to be compressed, the desired properties of the compression material to heat and generate a self-adhesive component, and the compression-fixing step. .
[0046]
Moreover, the wood containing the adhesive component can be stored for a long period of time by drying to a predetermined moisture content or less in the drying step, and can be prepared for the next compression / fixation step. For this reason, by storing dry wood, an appropriate amount of wood can be compressed to an appropriate compression rate and supplied quickly as required.
[0047]
Moreover, since it compresses and fixes after drying, the generation | occurrence | production of the crack and deviation after compression is suppressed, and generation | occurrence | production of inferior goods is suppressed.
[0048]
Moreover, since compression fixation has little moisture content, there is little increase in internal pressure, and it can be taken out immediately under normal temperature and normal pressure.
[0049]
In the compressed wood produced by the invention of this application, the process of heating and generating the self-adhesive component and the compression and fixing process are performed under different conditions, so various properties, that is, generation of the self-adhesive component and fixation of the compressed state Is imparted satisfactorily, and an improvement in the strength of the compressed wood can be expected.
[0050]
Moreover, the internal stress is released in the wood after heating and generating the self-adhesive component and the wood after the drying step. For this reason, generation | occurrence | production of a crack, a crack, a deformation | transformation, etc. is reduced, and a yield is good.
[0051]
Accordingly, examples will be described below. Of course, the invention is not limited by the following examples.
【Example】
The compressed material manufacturing apparatus for carrying out the compressed material manufacturing method of the invention of this application can be a heating / pressurizing container such as an autoclave. Wood can be processed in the heating and pressure vessel. The heating / pressurizing vessel is provided with a carry-in inlet, and further provided with a steam supply line that receives supply of steam and a steam discharge line that discharges steam.
[0053]
Below, the manufacturing method of the compression material in the case of carrying out the compression process after heat processing including the heating and pressurizing process by the water vapor | steam for hydrolyzing wood is demonstrated according to the flowchart of FIG.
[0054]
First, low specific gravity wood such as cedar is carried into a heating / pressurizing container as wood to be processed. In this case, the moisture content of the wood is 8% to 40%.
[0055]
Next, when pressurized steam of 60 to 230 ° C. is introduced into the heating / pressurizing vessel through the steam supply line and heated, the low specific gravity wood is heated and pressurized by the steam, and at the same time, the wood is hydrolyzed to produce hemicellulose and lignin. The self-adhesive component is generated from the above (heating / self-adhesive component generating step (1)).
[0056]
After heating the wood for a predetermined time, the wood is dried to reduce the water content of the wood to a moisture content of 3 to 15% (drying step (2)). This is to prevent the wood from being destroyed by the water vapor remaining inside the wood due to the compressive force received during the compression process in the next step.
[0057]
Thereafter, the wood such as cedar and the like dried to a predetermined moisture content is compressed by a compression means within a range of 1 to 80%, and the compressed state is maintained by maintaining the shape for a predetermined time to obtain a compressed wood. (Compression / fixing step (3)).
[0058]
The compressed wood obtained by the manufacturing method described above has very few occurrences of cracking and deviation after compression, suppresses the generation of defective products, and enables production with good yield.
[0059]
In addition, as a heating means of the wood in the heating / pressurized container type processing can, a heating plate or the like installed on the floor of the processing can where the processing wood that has been carried in is arranged as a double structure processing can The method by is also possible. In addition, this processing canister does not necessarily have a sealed structure, but an open structure is also possible. In this case, positive pressure cannot be applied.
[0060]
As described above, in the manufacturing method for obtaining compressed wood, the compressed wood according to the invention of this application is a process in which the process of heating to generate a self-adhesive component and the compression / fixing process are performed under different conditions. Te, wood subjected to heating by heating and bonding component generating step of generating a self-adhesive component (1), and then drying to reduce drying heat-adhesive component product timber without compression until a predetermined moisture content (2 ) performs a subsequent compressing the dry wood, which is dried to a predetermined moisture content lines a compression-fixing step (3) to be fixed to its compressed state Umono.
[0061]
The conditions in each process are summarized as follows.
(1) Wood, etc. to be subjected to this treatment is cedar, cypress, sawara, fartaka, poplar, etc. as low specific gravity wood.
(2) The wood before processing can be used in the range of 0 to saturated state from the viewpoint of its moisture content, and wood with a high moisture content can also be used. The moisture content of the wood was preferably 8% or more and 40% or less from the viewpoint of efficient generation of the self-adhesive component and easy post-drying treatment.
(3) The manufacturing method of the present invention was suitable for manufacturing a plate-like member.
(4) In the heating / adhesive component generation step (1), in the case of steam heating, the heating temperature is preferably 60 ° C. to 230 ° C. in view of browning and odor control, and 110 to 200 ° C. is optimal. .
(5) As a heating method in the heating / adhesive component generation step (1), in addition to steam heating, a simple heating method can be adopted as a method of not supplying moisture. However, in this soot heating method, it is preferable to supply moisture by steaming, adding water, or the like.
(6) When pressurized steam is used, the vapor pressure and the like can be adjusted and controlled, and the drying time and moisture content in the drying process can be controlled.
(7) In the drying step (2), it is preferable to dry the wood to a moisture content of 3% to 15% in consideration of prevention of wood destruction in the next compression step.
[0062]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the invention of this application, it is possible to provide a method for producing a compressed material having a high degree of freedom in process design. That is, unlike the conventional method of heating and compressing at the same time, the process of heating and generating a self-adhesive component, the drying process, and the compression and fixing process can be separated to store materials in the process, and the cooling process after compression Therefore, thermal efficiency and work efficiency can be improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a processing flow in a method for producing compressed wood according to the invention of this application.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Heating / Adhesive Component Generation Process 2 Drying Process 3 Compression / Fixing Process

Claims (4)

A heating / self-adhesive component generation process is performed in which the wood component is decomposed by heating the wood in the presence of moisture to produce a self-adhesive component, and then the wood from which the adhesive component has been generated has a predetermined moisture content without being compressed. perform a drying step of drying up rate, then dried compressed wood manufacturing method a more compressed and fixed Engineering and said row Ukoto be immobilized compressed compression wood.   The method for producing compressed wood according to claim 1, wherein the heating / self-adhesive component generation step is performed under pressurized steam.   The method for producing compressed wood according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wood is dried to an air dry water content or less in the drying step.   4. A method for producing compressed wood according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the compression / fixing step, the wood is processed with additional heating.

Images