JP3985247B2

JP3985247B2 - How to kill Aoko

Info

Publication number: JP3985247B2
Application number: JP2002229306A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 英生田川
Original assignee: 菱洋産業株式会社
Priority date: 2002-07-04
Filing date: 2002-07-04
Publication date: 2007-10-03
Anticipated expiration: 2022-07-04
Also published as: JP2004188230A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は水中の藍藻などの単細胞に，極めて低い電圧電流により電気ショツクを与えて海水，淡水中の区別なく死滅させることにより，産業上のさまざまな分野に清浄な水を提供することを目的としたアオコを瞬間的に死滅することを特徴とするアオコの死滅方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
近年海面の浅瀬においてアオコの繁殖が目立つて増加している。これは沿岸の水質汚濁の進行による浮遊汚濁物質の増加とそれらの沈降稚積による底土のヘドロ化と窒素、リンによる富栄養化等が原因とされている。同様に湖沼，河川，ダムでの繁殖が多いのは窒素やリン酸に富む生活排水の流入，工場や家畜の飼育場からの排水流入，農業用の肥料の流入で富栄養化しているからである。霞ケ浦，津久井湖，相模湖などの飲料水源となつている湖でもアオコが発生している。
このため有毒アオコの駆除に有効な窒素やリン酸を制限する水質基準を設けているが効果は達成できていない。硫酸銅は効果があるが人体への影響の点から使用は見合わせている。現在もつとも効果的なものとしてはアオコを水上の船から掬い取る方式しかない現状で有る。このためにアオコを簡単に無公害に化学薬品を一切使用しない方法での死滅させる技術開発がもとめられていた。
【０００３】
【発明の解決しようとする課題】
本発明は，アオコの駆除により人類が清浄な水を利用できるよう，そして家畜の安全な飲み水として有毒物質を除去できるように，アオコを簡単に無公害に化学薬品を一切使用しないで駆除できる安全に無公害の細胞膜破壊のための低い電圧，電流による電気ショツクを利用したアオコの死滅方法を提供することを目的とする。死滅すると毒は分解するので問題を生じない。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上述のような目的を達成するために、本発明は請求項１記載の淡水の取水通路に電極対を複数設け、該電極対の間隔を１ミリメーター以内として該電極対に１０ボルト以上２４ボルト１，５アンペア以内の直流電流を通電して電場を発生させ，電気ショツクを与えて細胞膜を破壊するとアオコは瞬間的に死滅することを特徴とする方法を採用した。取水域よりの通路に電極対を複数設け，電気ショツクを与えて細胞膜を破壊することは経済的にも安い費用で設備しうる上に，ランニングコストは極めて低いので公害を生じることなく実用化しうる効果がみられる。アオコが肝臓障害を引き起こすといわれる毒性物質，ミクロシスチンは死滅すると水中で微生物に分解される上に，水道の浄水処理工程で９５パーセント以上が除去されるので人体への影響は無い。塩素の発生は見られていないので安全である。
【０００５】
本発明請求項２記載の方法では，請求項１の該電極対を金属及び炭素をもつて構成して金網状とすることで，アオコが金網を通過する際に電気ショツクを与えて瞬間的に細胞膜を破壊して死滅することを特徴とした。
海水域，淡水域のいずれにも使用でき安価に軽く導電性が良く，水中への溶出の少い材料は炭素系であるが形状により金属との組み合わせがより良く，例えばチタン白金メツキ系との金網形成である。
網目の大きさは可変できるのでアオコが網目と直接接触しなくても網目を通過すると死滅するため大量の処理が可能となつた。
【０００６】
本発明請求項３記載の方法では，請求項１の該電極対に６ボルト３アンペア以下の直流電流を通電して電気ショツクを与えて，細胞膜を破壊することでアオコを瞬間的に死滅することを特徴とした。水中での電極対への電位は，導電性．金網の形状と寸法，間隔などにより変化するので，最適な数値を選定して瞬間的に細胞膜を破壊して死滅させることで決定される。例えば印加電位１，２ボルトでは，瞬間的死滅は完全では無く９５パーセントしか細胞膜を破壊しなかつた。又目的のアオコの種類により電位を調整し最適値が求められた。
【０００７】
【作用】
本発明請求項１記載の淡水取水中にアオコを死滅させる方法では，以下に述べる作用がある。アオコは細胞膜が破壊されると死滅するのであり，そのための電気的殺菌方法としては高圧パルス電場をかける，交流電源で過酸化水素や塩素などの殺菌作用をもつ物質を生成させる他に硫酸銅を散布する方法がある。一方では細胞−電極間電子移動反応によるものがあり，海水や淡水の分解が起こらない低い電位を印加して殺菌させ科学物質の溶出の無い新しい電気ショツク法を利用するものがある。細胞のマイナス電位に対しプラスの電位を与えて死滅させる本方法では遊泳運動中のアオコが停止することで効果が簡単に確認できる，これは自己の負電荷の水和が破壊され細胞膜がくずれを生じ分解死滅するのである。
【０００８】
本発明請求項２記載の死滅方法では，電極対を金属及び炭素をもつて構成して金網状とし白金メツキすることで，消耗が少なく保守手入れも簡単で完全死滅するための微弱電流を通過させる値を最小値とした。アオコはガス胞の厚さ２〜３ｍｍの膜の袋で直経は７０ｍｍで構成され，細胞壁はペプチドグリカン層でこれに鉄などの金属を粘質で吸着しているので，金網中を通過するさいに直接接触がなくても電気ショツクを受け易いので細胞壁は破壊し死滅する。金網目合いと間隔ならびに電極対数が関連しやすいように金属及び炭素をもつて構成した。
【０００９】
本発明請求項３記載の方法では，請求項１の該電極対に６ボルト３アンペア以下の直流電流を通電するものであり，海水中での電極対への電位は，淡水よりも海水の導電性質により低い電圧電流によつて作用する。又金網の形状と寸法，間隔などにより変化するので，最適な数値の選定により何れものアオコを死滅できるようにした。
【００１０】
【実施例】
以下本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。
表１は顕微鏡での確認を示す。
【表１】

【００１１】
図１により第１実施例を説明する。
淡水湖１に浮かべた船舶２の取水通路３にポンプ４を設けてアオコ５を吸水して，２個の電極対６の電極対の間隔を１ミリメーターとしてバツテリー７より該電極対に１０ボルト１，５アンペアの直流電流を通電して電場を発生させ，アオコが電極対を通過中に電気ショツクを与え，細胞膜を破壊することでアオコを瞬間的に死滅したことを顕微鏡により電気ショツクを与える以前と電気ショツク後との比較により確認した。塩素の発生はなかつた。
【００１２】
図２により第２実施例を説明する。
淡水湖１に浮かべた船舶２の取水通路３にポンプ４を設けてアオコ５を吸水して２個の電極対６をチタン表面上に白金を１ミクロンの厚みでメツキした金網８として，電極対間隔を１ミリメーターとしてバツテリー７より該電極対に１０ボルト１，５アンペアの直流電流を通電して電場を発生させ，アオコが電極対を通過中に電気ショツクを与え，細胞膜を破壊することでアオコを瞬間的に死滅したことを顕微鏡により電気ショツクを与える以前と電気ショツク後との比較により確認した。この際塩素の発生はなかつた。
【００１３】
図３により第３実施例を説明する。
海水面９の船舶２の取水通路３にポンプ４を設けてアオコ５を吸水して，２個の電極対６をチタン表面上に白金を１ミクロンの厚みでメツキした金網８として，電極対間隔を０，５ミリメーターとしてバツテリー７より該電極対に６ボルト２アンペアの直流電流を通電して電場を発生させ，アオコが電極対を通過中に電気ショツクを与え，細胞膜を破壊することでアオコを瞬間的に死滅したことを顕微鏡により電気ショツクを与える以前と電気ショツク後との比較により確認した。この際塩素の発生はなかつた。
【００１４】
【発明の効果】
本発明請求項１〜３記載のアオコの死滅方法では，前記方法を採用したため，従来から何ら改善対策されることのなかったアオコによる有毒飲料水の採取懸念，人体に肝臓障害を起こす防止方法と関連しての下水道処理場の建設，家畜飼育の排水処理などが一挙に解決される。アオコの被害は全世界にも通用するので人類以外に放牧中の家畜の死滅を防止できる効果が期待できる。
【００１５】
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】第１実施例のアオコの死滅方法に使用する装置を示す説明図である。
【図２】第２実施例のアオコの死滅方法に使用する装置を示す説明図である。
【図３】第３実施例のアオコの死滅方法に使用する装置を示す説明図である。
【符号の説明】
１・・・・・淡水湖
２・・・・・船舶
３・・・・・取水通路
４・・・・・ポンプ
５・・・・・アオコ
６・・・・・電極対
７・・・・・バツテリー
８・・・・・金網
９・・・・・海水面[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide clean water to various industrial fields by applying an electrical shock to a single cell such as cyanobacteria in water with an extremely low voltage and current to kill them without distinction in seawater and freshwater. The present invention relates to a method for killing a flying sardine, characterized by instantaneously slaughtering the flying smelt.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in the breeding of sea lions in shallow waters. This is due to the increase of suspended pollutants due to the progress of water pollution along the coast, sludge formation of sediments due to their sedimentation, and eutrophication with nitrogen and phosphorus. Similarly, the reason why there are many breeding in lakes, rivers and dams is due to eutrophication due to the inflow of domestic wastewater rich in nitrogen and phosphate, the inflow of wastewater from factories and livestock farms, and the inflow of fertilizer for agriculture. is there. Blue sea urchins also occur in lakes that serve as drinking water sources such as Kasumigaura, Lake Tsukui, and Sagami Lake.
For this reason, water quality standards have been established to limit nitrogen and phosphoric acid, which are effective for extinguishing toxic blue sea cucumbers, but the effect has not been achieved. Although copper sulfate is effective, its use is postponed from the point of influence on the human body. At present, the only effective method is to scoop up the sea bream from a surface ship. For this reason, the development of a technology for killing blue sea urchins by a method that does not use any chemicals in a pollution-free manner has been sought.
[0003]
[Problem to be Solved by the Invention]
The present invention can easily remove water without any chemicals so that humans can use clean water by removing water and remove toxic substances as safe drinking water for livestock. The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for killing sea cucumbers using a low voltage and current electric shock for safe and pollution-free cell membrane destruction. When killed, the poison will break down and cause no problems.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a plurality of electrode pairs in the fresh water intake passage according to claim 1, wherein the electrode pairs have a distance of 1 millimeter or less, and the electrode pairs have 10 to 24 volts. A method was adopted, in which a direct current of 1,5 amperes or less was applied to generate an electric field, and when a cell membrane was destroyed by applying an electric shock, the sea bream died instantaneously. It is possible to install multiple electrode pairs in the passage from the intake area and destroy the cell membrane by giving an electric shock. In addition, the running cost is extremely low, so it can be put into practical use without causing pollution. The effect is seen. Microcystin, a toxic substance that is said to cause liver damage in aerial, is broken down into microorganisms in water, and more than 95 percent is removed in the water purification process of the water, so there is no effect on the human body. There is no generation of chlorine, so it is safe.
[0005]
In the method according to claim 2 of the present invention, the electrode pair according to claim 1 is made up of a metal and carbon to form a wire mesh, so that an electric shock is applied instantaneously when the aoko passes through the wire mesh. It was characterized by destroying the cell membrane.
It can be used in both seawater and freshwater areas, is inexpensive, light and has good electrical conductivity, and its material that dissolves into water is carbon-based, but it is better combined with metal depending on its shape. For example, titanium platinum plating It is wire mesh formation.
Since the size of the mesh can be changed, even if the sea urchin does not directly contact the mesh, it will die if it passes through the mesh, and a large amount of processing will be possible.
[0006]
In the method according to claim 3 of the present invention, a direct current of 6 volts and 3 amperes or less is applied to the electrode pair of claim 1 to give an electric shock, and the sea bream is instantaneously killed by destroying the cell membrane. It was characterized. The potential to the electrode pair in water is conductive. Since it changes depending on the shape, size, and spacing of the wire mesh, it is determined by selecting the optimum value and instantaneously destroying and killing the cell membrane. For example, at an applied potential of 1 and 2 volts, instantaneous death was not complete and only 95% of the cell membrane was destroyed. In addition, the optimum value was obtained by adjusting the potential according to the type of the target mushroom.
[0007]
[Action]
The method for killing water-bloom in fresh water intake according to claim 1 of the present invention has the following effects. The sea cucumber is killed when the cell membrane is destroyed, and as a method of electrical sterilization, copper sulfate is used in addition to applying a high-voltage pulse electric field, generating substances with bactericidal action such as hydrogen peroxide and chlorine with an AC power source. There is a way to spray. On the other hand, there is a method based on an electron transfer reaction between cells and electrodes, and there is a method using a new electric shock method in which a chemical substance is sterilized by applying a low potential at which decomposition of seawater or fresh water does not occur and no chemical substance is eluted. In this method of killing by applying a positive potential to the negative potential of the cell, the effect can be easily confirmed by stopping the swimming parakeet during the swimming movement. This is because the hydration of its own negative charge is destroyed and the cell membrane is broken. It will break down and die.
[0008]
In the killing method according to claim 2 of the present invention, the electrode pair is made of metal and carbon, and is formed into a wire mesh and platinum-plated to pass a weak current for complete killing with little consumption and easy maintenance. The value was the minimum value. Aoko is a membrane bag with a thickness of 2 to 3 mm in gas vesicles. The cell wall is composed of 70 mm, and the cell wall is a peptidoglycan layer adsorbing a metal such as iron with stickiness, so it must pass through the wire mesh. Even if there is no direct contact with the cell wall, it is susceptible to electric shock, so the cell wall is destroyed and killed. Metal and carbon were constructed so that the wire mesh and spacing and the number of electrode pairs were easily related.
[0009]
In the method according to claim 3 of the present invention, a direct current of 6 volts and 3 amperes or less is applied to the electrode pair of claim 1, and the electric potential of the electrode pair in seawater is higher than that of fresh water. It works by lower voltage and current due to its nature. In addition, since it changes depending on the shape, size, and spacing of the wire mesh, it is possible to kill any sea cucumber by selecting the optimum value.
[0010]
【Example】
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.
Table 1 shows the confirmation with a microscope.
[Table 1]

[0011]
A first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
A pump 4 is provided in the water intake passage 3 of the ship 2 floating in the freshwater lake 1 to absorb the water smelt 5 and the distance between the electrode pairs of the two electrode pairs 6 is 1 mm. An electric field is generated by energizing a direct current of 1,5 amperes, and the electric shock is given while the aoko is passing through the electrode pair, and the electric shock is given by the microscope that the aiko is instantly killed by destroying the cell membrane. This was confirmed by comparison between before and after the electric shock. There was no generation of chlorine.
[0012]
A second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
A pump 4 is provided in the water intake passage 3 of the ship 2 floating on the freshwater lake 1 to absorb the blue water 5 and the two electrode pairs 6 are formed as a metal mesh 8 in which platinum is plated on the titanium surface with a thickness of 1 micron. An electric field is generated by energizing the electrode pair with a direct current of 10 volts and 5 amperes from the battery 7 with an interval of 1 millimeter, and the electric shock is applied while the aoko is passing through the electrode pair, thereby destroying the cell membrane. It was confirmed by a comparison between before and after the electric shock was given by the microscope that the water moth was killed instantaneously. At this time, no chlorine was generated.
[0013]
A third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
The pump 4 is provided in the intake passage 3 of the ship 2 on the sea surface 9 to absorb the water spill 5 and the two electrode pairs 6 are formed as a metal mesh 8 having a platinum thickness of 1 micron on the titanium surface. Is set to 0.5 mm, and a 6 volt, 2 ampere direct current is applied to the electrode pair from the battery 7 to generate an electric field, and an electric shock is applied while passing through the electrode pair to destroy the cell membrane. It was confirmed by the comparison between before and after the electric shock was given by the microscope that the electric gun was killed instantaneously. At this time, no chlorine was generated.
[0014]
【The invention's effect】
In the method for killing sea cucumbers according to claims 1 to 3 of the present invention, since the above method is adopted, there is a concern about collecting toxic drinking water by sea cucumbers that have not been improved in the past, and a method for preventing liver damage to the human body. Related construction of sewage treatment plants, wastewater treatment for livestock breeding, etc. will be solved at once. The damage of sea cucumber can be applied to the whole world, so it can be expected to prevent the death of livestock other than mankind.
[0015]
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an apparatus used in a method for killing a giant eel of a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing an apparatus used for a method for killing a giant eel of a second embodiment.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing an apparatus used for a method for killing a giant eel of a third embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Freshwater lake 2 ... Ship 3 ... Intake passage 4 ... Pump 5 ... Aoko 6 ... Electrode pair 7 ...・ Battery 8 ...... Wire mesh 9 ・・・・・ Sea level

Claims

A plurality of electrode pairs are provided in a multi-stage manner in the fresh water intake passage, the distance between the electrode pairs in a mesh form is within 1 millimeter, and the direct current of 10 to 24 volts is applied to the electrode pairs that are killed when Aoko passes the mesh. A method for killing a sea cucumber, characterized by instantly killing the sea bream by generating an electric field by energizing it and applying an electric shock to destroy the cell membrane.