JP3984896B2 - Structure dismantling method and dismantling apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for dismantling a structure from the inside.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, waste incinerators such as chimneys are generally composed of a double structure of an external structure made of concrete or the like and an internal structure made of brick or the like. It connects with the inner wall of an external structure with the connection member. In waste incinerators such as chimneys, a large amount of dioxin adheres to internal structures, but dioxins do not adhere to external structures, so the procedure for dismantling recent waste incinerators is The internal structure to which a large amount of dioxin adheres is first disassembled with the external structure remaining, and the external structure is disassembled after removing the disassembled internal structure.
[0003]
In the case of dismantling the internal structure of the chimney, conventionally, a gondola with an operator placed inside the chimney is suspended, and the worker in the gondola destroys the internal structure using a breaker. However, because dust containing a large amount of dioxins can enter the chimney by destroying the internal structure, workers in the gondola wear airline masks used by divers and astronauts. Air was sent to the line mask from the outside through an air pipe. However, if an operator on the gondola wears an airline mask and introduces air from outside into the airline mask, the workability is very poor and the airline mask and the air pipe are damaged. In such a case, there is a problem that the worker falls into a dangerous state. Moreover, there is a possibility that the bricks constituting the internal structure may collapse during the dismantling work of the internal structure, and when the worker enters the chimney to work, there is a risk that the worker may be in great danger. .
[0004]
As a solution to this problem, a method for dismantling a waste incinerator that can destroy an internal structure without allowing an operator to enter the inside of a waste incinerator such as a chimney and its apparatus are disclosed in JP 2002-213730. The dismantling apparatus of this waste incinerator is shown in FIGS. Here, the waste incinerator is a chimney 66 having an internal structure 60, an external structure 62, and a support member 64 that communicates them. An elevating means 68 such as a winch is installed on the ground, a wire 70 from the elevating means 68 is hung on a roller 74 provided on a beam 72, a hook 76 is attached to the tip of the wire 70, and waste incineration is performed on the hook 76. The device disassembly device 78 is suspended.
[0005]
The dismantling device 78 has a suspension member 84 composed of an upper member 80 and a cylindrical member 82 fixed to the lower side thereof, and hooks the hook 76 on a wire 86 attached to the upper portion of the upper member 80. The shaft 88 is held so as to be rotatable with respect to the tubular member 82 (suspending member 80) through the inside of the tubular member 82 in the vertical direction. The shaft 88 is rotated by a motor 90 provided on the upper member 80, a gear 92 fixed to the motor 90, and a gear 94 fixed to the shaft 88. A crusher 96 for crushing the internal structure 60 is attached to the lower end of the shaft 88.
[0006]
A plurality of position fixing means 98a and 98b are attached to the cylindrical member 82 at the upper side and the lower side, respectively. The position fixing means 98a and 98b are fixed to the ends of the hydraulic cylinders 100a and 100b fixed to the cylindrical member 82 and the rods 102a and 102b of the hydraulic cylinders 100a and 100b. Slide members 104a and 104b that can move up and down along, swing members 106a and 106b that are swingably attached to the cylindrical member 82, intermediate positions of the swing members 106a and 106b, and rods 102a and 102b. It consists of connecting arms 108a and 108b attached to the tips and contact members 110a and 110b fixed to the tips of the swing members 106a and 106b.
[0007]
When disassembling the internal structure 60, the plurality of hydraulic cylinders 100a and 100b are operated to extend the rods 102a and 102b upward to open the free ends of the swinging members 106a and 106b to the outside. Contact members 110 a and 110 b at the tips of 106 a and 106 b are brought into contact with the inner wall of the external structure 62. As a result, the suspension member 80 is fixed to the external structure 62. By making the suspension member 80 holding the crusher 96 fixed to the external structure 62, the crusher 96 can be operated to break the internal structure 60. In addition, since the crusher 96 can be rotated 360 degrees with respect to the internal structure 60 by operating the motor 90, the internal structure 60 at a position located almost at the same height as the crusher 96 is set to 360 degrees. It can be broken with a crusher 96.
[0008]
After destroying the internal structure 60 having substantially the same height with the crusher 96, the contact between the contact members 110a and 110b and the inner wall of the external structure 62 is removed, and the internal structure 60 to be destroyed next is disassembled. The apparatus 78 is lowered and brought into contact with the inner wall of the external structure 62 of the contact members 110 a and 110 b again to fix the suspension member 80 to the external structure 62. Thereafter, the crusher 96 is operated again to destroy the internal structure 60. By repeating such a procedure, the internal structure 60 can be destroyed and disassembled sequentially from top to bottom.
The dismantling device 78 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 eliminates the need for an operator to enter the chimney 66 when the chimney 66 is dismantled, thereby ensuring the safety of the worker.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In this dismantling device 78, the mechanism of the position fixing means 98a, 98b for contacting the contact members 110a, 110b to the inner wall of the external structure 62 becomes complicated, so that the manufacturing cost of the disassembling device 78 increases. It was. In addition, since the mechanism of the position fixing means 98a and 98b is complicated, there is a risk of failure, and there is a problem that maintenance and inspection are expensive.
[0010]
Further, in this dismantling device 78, in order to destroy the internal structure 60, it is necessary to fix the suspension member 80 and the external structure 62 via the position fixing means 98a and 98b. That is, the dismantling device 78 can destroy the inner internal structure 60 of the double structure, but the single member cannot fix the suspension member 80. Could not be destroyed.
[0011]
The present invention has been made in view of these points, and it is intended to provide a structure demolition apparatus and a demolition method that can shorten disassembly time, have a simple structure, have few failures, and can be applied to a single structure. Objective.
[0012]
In order to achieve the above object, a method for disassembling a structure according to the present invention includes an upper member suspended by an elevating means so as to be tiltable, a housing rotatably attached to the upper member, and the housing attached to the housing. A method of disassembling a structure using a dismantling device having a link mechanism and a crusher that is attached to the link mechanism and is displaceable with respect to the housing, the crusher with respect to the housing The dismantling device inclines the housing to maintain the balance of the center of gravity, the crusher and the lower end of the housing are brought into contact with the structure, and the crusher and the housing are moved to the structure. The structure is destroyed by operating the crusher in a state in which the structure is contacted.
[0013]
Disassembling apparatus of a structure according to the present invention is a disassembling apparatus for disassembling the structure, an upper member to be suspended tiltable relative to the structure by the lifting means, rotate relative to the upper member A housing that is freely attached, a link mechanism that is attached to the housing, and a crusher that is attached to the link mechanism and is displaceable with respect to the housing. The crusher contacts the structure. In order to maintain the balance of the center of gravity of the dismantling device by moving in the direction, the upper member and the housing move in the direction opposite to the moving direction of the crusher and tilt, The lower end portion of the housing and the crusher are in contact with the structure .
[0014]
First Embodiment of the Invention
Next, the present invention will be described based on the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a structure demolition apparatus according to the present invention. 1, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 6 denote the same members. The disassembling apparatus 10 mainly includes an upper member 12, a wire 14 as a suspended member fixed to both ends of the upper member 12, a housing 16 rotatable relative to the upper member 12, and an upper member. Direction rotating means 18 for rotating the position of the housing 16 with respect to 12, a link mechanism 20 attached to the housing 16, and a breaker 22 as a crusher provided at the tip of the link mechanism 20. The wire 14 having both ends fixed to the upper member 12 is hung on a hook 76 attached to the tip of the wire 70 of the lifting means 68 such as a winch. The hook 76 is set so as not to rotate with respect to the chimney 66, and the upper member 12 is set so as not to rotate with respect to the hook 76.
[0015]
A shaft 24 is fixed to the upper portion of the housing 16, and the shaft 24 passes through the upper member 12 and protrudes higher than the upper member 12. The shaft 24 is attached to the upper member 12 while being rotatable with respect to the upper member 12. It is attached. The direction rotating means 18 is fixed to a gear 26 fixed to the upper part of the shaft 24, a motor 28 fixed to the upper surface of the upper member 12, and a tip of a shaft 30 of the motor 28. It comprises a gear 32 that meshes with the gear 26. By operating the motor 28, the rotational force is transmitted to the shaft 24, and the shaft 24 (housing 16) is rotated within a range of 360 degrees with respect to the upper member 12. The motor 28 is operated by a remote control by an operator on the ground or a scaffold (not shown).
[0016]
As shown in FIG. 2, the housing 16 is formed in a columnar shape, for example, and a space 34 is provided therein. The space 34 penetrates in a diametrical direction from one side to the other side on a cylindrical side surface, and extends from the lower end to the vicinity of the upper end. At the lower end position of the housing 16, a connecting portion 36 that blocks the space 34 is formed at one end of the space 34 that passes therethrough. A support member 38 is provided in the upper portion of the space 34, the link mechanism 20 is attached to the support member 38, and the breaker 22 is attached to the tip of the link mechanism 20. The connecting portion 36 increases the strength of the housing 16 and prevents the housing 16 from being deformed. However, the connecting portion 36 may or may not be provided. Further, the housing 16 is not limited to a cylindrical shape.
[0017]
FIG. 1 shows a state in which the link mechanism 20 and the breaker 22 are accommodated in the space 34 of the housing 16. In the state shown in FIG. 1, the center line C of the shaft 24 fixed to the housing 16 passes through the center of gravity G of the weight of the entire dismantling apparatus 10, and the center line C is set to face in the vertical direction. The wire 14 having both ends fixed to the upper member 12 is hooked on the hook 76 at the center of its length.
[0018]
The link mechanism 20 has a first arm 40 having one end swingably attached to the support member 38, and one end swingably attached to the other end of the first arm 40, and the breaker 22 is attached to the other end. Of the second arm 42, the first hydraulic cylinder 44 as an operating means for adjusting the swing angle of the first arm 40 with respect to the support member 38, and the second arm 42 with respect to the first arm 40. It comprises a second hydraulic cylinder 45 as an operating means for adjusting the swing angle, and a third hydraulic cylinder 46 as an operating means for adjusting the swing angle of the breaker 22 relative to the second arm 42. The operation of the first hydraulic cylinder 44 and the third hydraulic cylinder 46 is also operated by remote control by an operator who is on the ground or on a scaffold.
[0019]
In addition, a TV camera 48 and a projector 50 that can swing freely are provided in an upper portion of the space 34 of the housing 16. The television camera 48 and the projector 50 project or project a portion where the structure is broken by the breaker 22, and the television camera 48 and the projector 50 are also remotely controlled by an operator on the ground or on a scaffold. Operated by.
[0020]
Next, the case where the internal structure 60 of the chimney 66 is disassembled using the dismantling apparatus 10 of the present invention will be described. In the state of FIG. 1 in which the link mechanism 20 and the breaker 22 are accommodated in the space 34 of the housing 16, the lifting means 68 is operated to lower the dismantling device 10 into the internal structure 60 of the chimney 66 (FIG. 3). At this time, the tip of the internal structure 60 is checked by the television camera 48. When the position of the breaker 22 is lowered slightly below the tip of the internal structure 60, the disassembly of the dismantling device 10 is stopped, and the first hydraulic cylinder 44, the second hydraulic cylinder 45, and the third hydraulic cylinder 46 are operated, The breaker 22 is protruded outward from the space 34 of the housing 16. Since the dismantling apparatus 10 is suspended by the hook 76 via the wire 14 having both ends fixed to the upper member 12, the dismantling apparatus 10 maintains the balance of the center of gravity by the movement of the breaker 22, as shown in FIG. Tilt. In the state where the dismantling device 10 is inclined, the position of the center of gravity G of the dismantling device 10 moves from the center line C of the shaft 24 toward the breaker 22, and the connecting portion 36 at the lower end of the housing 16 is opposite to the protruding direction of the breaker 22. Move in the direction.
[0021]
By causing the breaker 22 to protrude greatly from the space 34 of the housing 16 toward the outside, the breaker 22 contacts the inner wall of the internal structure 60, and the connecting portion 36 at the lower end of the housing 16 is brought into contact with the inner wall of the internal structure 60. Contact. Either one of the breaker 22 and the connecting portion 36 contacts the inner wall of the internal structure 60 first, but after that, the first hydraulic cylinder 44 and By operating the second hydraulic cylinder 45 and the third hydraulic cylinder 46, both the breaker 22 and the connecting portion 36 of the housing 16 can be brought into contact with the inner wall of the internal structure 60.
[0022]
When both the connecting portion 36 of the housing 16 and the breaker 22 are in contact with the inner wall of the internal structure 60, the housing 16 is fixed to the internal structure 60. Thus, the force of the breaker 22 supported by the housing 16 can be transmitted to the internal structure 60 only after the housing 16 is in a fixed state. In this way, the internal structure 60 can be broken by the breaker 22 by operating the breaker 22 by bringing both the connecting portion 36 of the housing 16 and the breaker 22 into contact with the inner wall of the internal structure 60.
[0023]
After breaking the internal structure 60 of the same height by the breaker 22 360 degrees, the first hydraulic cylinder 44 and the third hydraulic cylinder 46 are operated to move the breaker 22 in a direction to be accommodated in the space 34 of the housing 16. . As a result, both the breaker 22 and the connecting portion 36 of the housing 16 do not come into contact with the inner wall of the internal structure 60. Thereafter, by operating the motor 28 attached to the upper member 12, the housing 16 can be rotated with respect to the upper member 12, and the internal structure 60 having almost the same height as the breaker 22 is rotated 360 degrees by the breaker 22. Can be destroyed.
[0024]
After breaking the internal structure 60 having a predetermined height by 360 degrees, the dismantling apparatus 10 is lowered to the tip position of the internal structure 60 to be broken next, and the breaker 22 and the connecting portion 36 of the housing 16 are again connected to the internal structure. 60, the breaker 22 is activated and the internal structure 60 is destroyed. By repeating such a procedure, the internal structure 60 can be disassembled sequentially from top to bottom.
[0025]
In the present invention, the housing 16 and the breaker 22 are fixed to the structure (when a structure is destroyed) or released (the disassembly apparatus 10 is moved in the vertical direction, or the housing 16 of the disassembly apparatus 10 is rotated. Or the like) by moving the position of the breaker 22 relative to the housing 16. Since the link mechanism 20 for displacing the breaker 22 relative to the housing 16 in the present invention has a simple structure as compared with the conventional mechanism, the dismantling apparatus 10 can be made at low cost. The movement of the breaker 22 with respect to the housing 16 by the link mechanism 20 is simple and can be performed in a shorter time than the conventional one. Therefore, the present invention can shorten the rotation time of the housing 16 of the dismantling apparatus 10 and the vertical movement time of the disassembling apparatus 10 as compared with the conventional one, and can greatly shorten the entire work time. .
[0026]
Second Embodiment of the Invention
FIG. 3 illustrates an example in which the internal structure 60 of the chimney 66 (double structure) composed of the internal structure 60 and the external structure 64 is disassembled. However, in the present invention, the internal structure 60 is disassembled. The external structure 64 (single structure) can also be dismantled. Here, an embodiment for disassembling the external structure 64 (single structure) will be described with reference to FIG. Since the inner diameter of the outer structure 64 is larger than the inner diameter of the inner structure 60, the breaker 22 and the housing 16 may not come into contact with the outer structure 64 even if the breaker 22 protrudes from the space 34 of the housing 16 to the maximum. In this case, as shown in FIG. 4, a contact arm 52 as a contact means that protrudes radially outward and downward is fixed to the lower portion of the housing 16. The contact arm 52 is detachable from the housing 16. By fixing the contact arm 52 to the lower part of the housing 16, the contact arm 52 (housing 16) and the breaker 22 can contact the external structure 62, and the external structure 64 (single structure) can be disassembled. It can be carried out. It should be noted that the disassembly device 10 of the present invention can be used for a single structure of any size if the housing 16 having a different size or the link mechanism 20 having a different length is used in accordance with the size of the inner diameter of the structure. can do.
[0027]
Another example of disassembling the external structure 64 (single structure) will be described with reference to FIG. The contact arm 52 shown in FIG. 4 may not be applicable to the external structure 64 having different inner diameters. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, a hydraulic cylinder 54 as a contact means is attached to the lower side of the housing 16. The hydraulic cylinder 54 protrudes outside the housing, and the position of the tip protruding outside the housing can be varied. By attaching the hydraulic cylinder 54 to the housing 16, the hydraulic cylinder 54 (housing 16) can be brought into contact with the outer structure 64 (single structure) even if the inner diameter of the outer structure 64 is different. . The hydraulic cylinder 54 may be attached to the housing 16 so as to be rotatable about the shaft 56, and an inclination angle adjusting means 58 for adjusting the inclination angle of the hydraulic cylinder 54 with respect to the housing 16 may be attached to the housing 16. . Accordingly, the hydraulic cylinder 54 (housing 16) can be more reliably brought into contact with the inner wall of the external structure 64 having different inner diameters. The tilt angle adjusting means 58 may be any conventionally known means and does not require a special structure.
[0028]
As the crusher, a breaker 22 for breaking the structure as shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4 from the side surface may be used, but instead of the breaker 22, the upper part of the structure as shown in FIG. The crusher 59 may be used to destroy the structure by sandwiching both sides thereof. The crusher is preferably the breaker 22 or the crusher 59, but is not limited thereto.
[0029]
In the conventional dismantling device, only the inner structure of the double structure composed of the inner structure and the outer structure can be dismantled. On the other hand, the dismantling device according to the present invention includes the breaker 22 and the structure. Since the crusher 59 and the housing 16 are brought into contact with each other at the same time, the present invention can be applied not only to the double structure but also to the disassembly of the single structure. The present invention is not limited to chimneys or other waste incinerators, but can be used to suspend the dismantling device 10 from above the structure and disassemble the structure with a crusher from the inside of the structure. Can be applied.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the structure disassembly method and the disassembly apparatus according to the present invention, the crusher and the housing are brought into contact with the inner wall of the structure, and the housing holding the crusher is fixed to the structure. By doing so, the structure can be destroyed by a crusher. As a result, in the present invention, the housing and the crusher can be easily fixed to and released from the structure, so that the time for disassembling the structure can be significantly reduced compared to the conventional one. Further, in the present invention, since the link mechanism for displacing the crusher with respect to the housing can be made a simple structure, the manufacturing cost of the dismantling device can be reduced as compared with the conventional ones. Becomes easy. Furthermore, in the present invention, the crusher and the housing are brought into contact with the inner wall of the structure to be disassembled, so that the present invention can be applied to the dismantling of a single structure.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a structure demolition apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a housing used in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a structure is destroyed by a dismantling apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the structure dismantling apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the structure demolition apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a conventional structure demolition apparatus.
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of FIG. 6.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Dismantling apparatus 12 Upper member 14 Wire 16 Housing 22 Breaker 52 Contact arm 54 Hydraulic cylinder 58 Inclination angle adjustment means 59 Crusher 60 Internal structure
64 External structure 66 Chimney 68 Lifting means

Claims (6)

  An upper member suspended in a tiltable manner by an elevating means, a housing rotatably attached to the upper member, a link mechanism attached to the housing, and a link mechanism attached to the link mechanism, with respect to the housing A dismantling device having a displaceable crusher, wherein the structure is dismantled by displacing the crusher relative to the housing so that the dismantling device maintains the balance of the center of gravity. Inclining, bringing the crusher and the lower end of the housing into contact with the structure, and operating the crusher with the crusher and the housing in contact with the structure, A method for dismantling a structure characterized by destroying. A dismantling device for disassembling a structure, the upper member being suspended from the structure by an elevating means, a housing rotatably attached to the upper member, and an attachment to the housing And a crusher attached to the link mechanism and displaceable with respect to the housing. The crusher moves in a direction in contact with the structure to move the crusher with respect to the housing. By displacing, the upper member and the housing move in the direction opposite to the moving direction of the crusher and incline in order to keep the balance of the center of gravity of the dismantling device, and the lower end portion of the housing and the crusher are An apparatus for disassembling a structure, wherein the apparatus is in contact with the structure. The structure demolition apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a space communicating with the outside is provided in the housing, and the link mechanism is provided in the space.   3. A structure demolition apparatus according to claim 2, wherein contact means projecting outward from the housing is attached to the housing.   The structure disassembling apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the contact means can change a position of a tip protruding outward from the housing.   5. The structure according to claim 4, wherein the contact means is rotatably attached to the housing, and an inclination angle adjusting means for adjusting an inclination angle of the contact means with respect to the housing is attached to the housing. Demolition device.

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