JP3967966B2 - How to move the structure - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention cuts off the structure from the supporting bedrock for the transfer or removal of large structures such as nuclear reactor facilities built on the bedrock or ground (hereinafter simply referred to as bedrock). It is related with the moving method of the structure moved.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a conventional method for moving the bottom of the structure by cutting off the bedrock, there is one described in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-21784.
In this conventional method, first, the rock on the outer periphery of the structure is excavated, and a plurality of horizontal grooves extending in the moving direction of the structure are opened immediately below the bottom surface of the structure. Next, a sliding bearing device is attached between the bottom of the lateral groove and the bottom surface of the structure, and the load of the structure is received by the sliding bearing device. Next, the bottom of the structure is separated from the bedrock, that is, the edge is cut by excavating the bedrock between the transverse grooves, that is, excavating the remaining bedrock in contact with the bottom surface of the structure.
[0003]
A sliding plate for guiding and supporting the moving structure and a solid cradle for supporting the sliding plate are also installed in the groove excavated along the moving direction of the structure.
Then, after the edge cutting is completed as described above, the structure is laterally moved in the extending direction of the lateral groove using the sliding support device and the sliding plate by pulling or pushing the structure.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the edge cutting by the conventional method as described above requires a work of excavating and removing the entire edge cutting surface mechanically using a heavy machine, which is troublesome. In addition, it is necessary to install a solid support device that receives the load of the structure at the time of edge cutting.
In addition, it takes time and effort to install a solid foundation for supporting the load of the structure and a sliding bearing device for reducing friction during movement in the plurality of lateral grooves established.
[0005]
The present invention has been made paying attention to the above points, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a moving method of a structure that can move the structure by cutting the structure from the rock by a simple method. Yes.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is a method for moving a structure constructed on the ground or rock, and at least a plurality of hollows are provided for the ground or rock located below the structure. And forming the cracks in the ground and rock by the expansion force of ice by filling each hollow part with water and freezing it, and then cutting the structure from the ground and rock, It is characterized by being moved.
[0007]
What is necessary is just to form the said hollow part with the hole extended in a horizontal direction at least with respect to the ground and rock mass located under the said structure, for example.
According to the present invention, the bottom of the structure is separated from the supporting bedrock by causing cracks in the bedrock between the hollow section and the hollow section due to the expansion force when water filled in the hollow section freezes. Is done. The structure is supported by the expanded ice.
[0008]
After that, for example, the structure is moved by sliding the frozen ice or the ice itself.
Here, FIG. 11 shows an ice expansion pressure, a cooling temperature, and a measurement example when water is sealed in a highly rigid container and freeze-cooled. Here, in FIG. 11, black points indicate measured values, and broken lines indicate Bridgman water-ice equilibrium curves.
[0009]
As can be seen from FIG. 11, when the constrained water is cooled to −25 ° C., the expansion pressure of ice reaches about 220 MPa, and when it is cooled to −30 ° C., the expansion pressure of ice reaches about 250 MPa. It has been confirmed. Therefore, the structure can be trimmed by utilizing the expansion pressure of ice.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
First, in order to separate the structure 1 from the rock mass, fracture surfaces H1 and H2 as shown in FIG. 1 are assumed for the surrounding rock mass and the supporting rock mass located below the structure 1. The fracture surfaces H1 and H2 are composed of a first fracture surface H1 that passes below the structure 1 and a second fracture surface H2 that rises upward from the outer periphery of the first fracture surface H1.
[0011]
In this embodiment, the first fracture surface H1 is set to be an inclined surface having a slight upward gradient along the moving direction of the structure 1, and is located above the first fracture surface H1. And the rock part 4 (it may only be called the structure 1 etc. hereafter) integrated with the structure 1 forms the sliding surface at the time of movement. The fracture surfaces H1 and H2 are not necessarily flat.
[0012]
Then, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, a plurality of holes 2 and 3 are drilled at appropriate intervals along the fracture surfaces H1 and H2.
The plurality of holes 2 provided in the first fracture surface H1 are preferably perforated so as to extend in the moving direction of the structure 1.
Moreover, although the drilling direction of the hole 3 provided in the 2nd fracture surface H2 is not specifically limited, For example, what is necessary is just to drill so that it may extend up and down. Here, with respect to the second fracture surface H2, the entire surface may be excavated and trimmed in the same manner as in the past, instead of using drilling and ice expansion force as described below.
[0013]
Next, each of the holes 2 and 3 is filled with water, and the water is frozen to perform edge cutting and formation of a sliding surface along the fracture surfaces H1 and H2.
First, as shown in FIG. 5, the cooling pipe 6 is inserted into each hole 2 and installed, and the end opening of each hole 2 is closed with a lid or the like, and water 7 is poured into the hole 2. Fill and fill. In addition, the code | symbol 4 is a bedrock above the fracture surface H1, and is a part which moves with the structure 1, and the code | symbol 5 is a rock mass below the fracture surface H1.
[0014]
Next, the water 7 filled in each hole 2 is frozen through a cooling medium such as liquid nitrogen through the cooling pipe 6. By freezing the water 7 in the hole 2, the water in the hole 2 becomes ice 8, and the ice 8 expands, and the expansion force causes cracks in the rock between the holes 2, as shown in FIG. Cracks are generated in the rock so as to connect the holes 2 to each other. As a result, the rock mass is broken along the assumed fracture surfaces H1, H2.
[0015]
Moreover, the frozen ice 8 supports the structure 1 etc. (upper rock mass 4 and the structure 1) positioned above the first fracture surface H1 after the fracture, and also has a role as a sliding surface.
Here, when it is necessary to widen the gap between the upper and lower fractured surfaces H1, water 9 is also poured into the gap (portion 9 in FIG. 6) between the holes 2 and frozen. This freezing may also be performed through the cooling pipe 6. If it does in this way, while expanding the gap of the up-and-down fracture surface H1 with the expansion force of ice, it becomes possible to make an ice slip surface also between the holes 2.
[0016]
At this time, the refrigerant may be adjusted so as to positively melt the ice 8 in a portion that contacts the upper or lower rock mass of the fracture surface H1 so that the fracture surface H1 can be easily slipped.
When the structure 1 is cut from the bedrock as described above and the sliding surface is formed along the fracture surfaces H1 and H2, the structure 1 is pushed or pulled along the first fracture surface H1 as shown in FIG. The structure 1 is moved.
[0017]
Next, the effect of the moving method of the structure 1 will be described.
In the present embodiment, the structure 1 can be separated from the rock mass with relatively easy labor such as drilling, water injection, and freezing.
That is, when cutting the structure 1 from the bedrock, it is not necessary to excavate the entire periphery and the entire lower surface of the structure 1, that is, the entire edge cutting surface. To do.
[0018]
In addition, since the structure 1 is supported by the frozen ice 8, even when excavation is performed along the edge cut surface, it is not necessary to install a temporary cradle or the like on the bottom surface of the structure 1.
Furthermore, since the breakage is caused by the expansion force of the ice 8, not only the breakage using a dangerous material such as blasting is unnecessary, but also the noise and vibration accompanying the breakage can be suppressed to a small level.
[0019]
In addition, since the structure 1 is moved using the sliding surface by the ice 8 supporting the structure 1 in order to move the structure 1, the movement after the edge cutting is performed separately. Further, the moving operation of the structure 1 is simplified without performing an installation operation of a member that moves while reducing friction such as a sliding material, a lubricant, a roller, and a carriage. Moreover, removal of the ice 8 after movement is unnecessary.
[0020]
Here, in the said embodiment, although the virtual surface with an ascending gradient along the moving direction of the structure 1 is assumed as the 1st fracture surface H1, it is not limited to this. For example, if the composition 1 exists on a hill or the like, the first fracture surface H1 may be set to a horizontal plane or an inclined plane having a downward slope.
Moreover, although the cross section of the hole 2 to be drilled is circular, it is not limited thereto, and may be a quadrangular shape or a triangular shape. Further, the hole formed below the structure 1 may be set so that the upper surface of the hole is constituted by the bottom surface of the structure 1, that is, may be formed in a groove shape. In short, it is only necessary to be a sealed space that can be filled with water.
[0021]
Further, the cooling pipe 6 through which the refrigerant passes does not necessarily need to be inserted into the hole 2 but may be disposed in the vicinity of the hole 2 so that the water 7 in the hole 2 can be frozen through the ground. . In this case, it is preferable that the cooling pipe 6 is on the side where the surface of the frozen ice is melted. For example, when melting the lower surface side of ice, the cooling pipe 6 is installed on the lower rock mass 5 side.
[0022]
Moreover, in order to ensure reliable sliding, the following sliding jigs may be installed in all or a part of the holes 2.
That is, the sliding jig 10 is a member that extends along the extending direction of the hole 2. As shown in FIG. 8, the upper and lower surfaces of the cross-sectional shape are arcs along the cross-sectional shape of the hole 2. That is, the shape is such that the cylinder is divided in half along the axial direction.
[0023]
The sliding jig 10 accommodates a melting heat generator 11 such as a heating wire.
And as shown in the said FIG. 8, the said sliding jig | tool 10 is inserted in the hole 2, and it adheres to upper part. In this state, the holes 2 are filled with water 7 and frozen. Thereafter, the melting heat generating device 11 is operated to heat the sliding jig 10 so that the ice surface in contact with the lower surface of the sliding jig 10 melts to become a sliding surface.
[0024]
The sliding jig 10 is fixed to the structure 1 side, and slides so as to be guided by the upper surface of ice when the structure 1 is moved.
Here, the sliding jig 10 may not have the arc shape as described above. In short, if the upper surface is fixed to the upper side surface of the hole 2 and the lower surface in contact with ice extends straight along the extending direction of the hole 2, the cross section of the lower surface may be triangular. .
[0025]
The melting heat generating device 11 heats the surface of the sliding jig 10 that contacts the ice (the lower surface in FIG. 8), and therefore is preferably disposed close to the contact surface.
Further, the sliding jig 10 may be attached to the lower side of the hole 2 as shown in FIG. In this case, the sliding jig 10 is fixed to the lower rock 5 and the ice 8 slides along the sliding jig 10. In this case, the upper side of the ice 8 is integrated with the lower surface of the structure 1 or the like.
[0026]
In addition, after the edge 7 is cut along the fracture surfaces H1 and H2 by freezing the water 7 in the hole 2, continuous drilling with a small diameter is performed so as to connect the holes 2 along the crack. Thus, the edges of the structure 1 and the bedrock may be surely cut. Although the entire surface of the fracture surfaces H1 and H2 will be drilled, the structure 1 and the like are supported by the ice 8 in the hole 2, so that it is not necessary to install a temporary cradle.
[0027]
Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the 1st fracture surface H1 is set in the bedrock below the lower surface of the structure 1, the 1st fracture surface H1 is installed just under the lower surface of the structure 1, and the hole 2 You may set so that the upper part of the inside ice 8 may contact the lower surface of the structure 1 directly .
[0028]
Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the axis | shaft of the hole 2 provided along the said 1st fracture surface H1 is orient | assigned to the moving direction of the structure 1, it is not limited to this. The axis of the hole 2 and the moving direction of the structure 1 do not need to match. However, in this case, the upper part of the ice 8 needs to be a sliding surface.
[0029]
【Example】
As shown in FIG. 10, a cylindrical hole 2 having a diameter of 2 m is drilled so as to extend in the moving direction of the structure 1 on the boundary surface between the bottom slab of the structure 1 and the rock. A plurality of holes 2 are formed along the intervals of 6 m in the direction perpendicular to the moving direction of the structure 1.
[0030]
Further, a groove 20 having a semicircular bottom surface is continuously excavated along the moving direction to the holes 2. The excavation of the groove 20 may be during or after the water 7 is frozen.
Next, as shown in FIG. 9, the sliding jig 10 is installed in the lower part of the hole 2, the cooling pipe 6 is installed in the hole 2, and the opening end of the hole 2 is covered, In addition, water 7 is filled and liquid nitrogen is passed through the cooling pipe 6 to freeze the water 7 to perform edge cutting.
[0031]
Thereafter, the melting heat generating device 11 is operated to melt the lower surface side of the columnar ice 8 that is in contact with the upper surface of the sliding jig 10 to make it easy to slide. The upper surface side of the columnar ice 8 is integrated with the bottom plate side of the structure 1.
In this state, when an external force in the moving direction is applied to the structure 1, the lower surface of the ice 8 moves toward the groove 20 while being guided by the upper surface of the sliding jig 10, and then slides along the groove 20. The structure 1 moves by going.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, when the present invention is adopted, the structure can be easily cut off from the rock without using a mechanical support device, and the movement of the structure becomes simple.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a fracture surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the positions of holes according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a relationship between a fracture surface, a hole, and a cooling pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 shows a broken state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating movement of a structure or the like according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a sliding jig and its installation.
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a sliding jig and its installation.
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a structure moving method according to an embodiment.
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between ice expansion pressure and cooling temperature.
[Explanation of symbols]
H1, H2 Fracture surface 1 Structure 2, 3 Hole 4 Upper rock mass 5 Lower rock mass 6 Cooling pipe 7 Water 8 Ice 10 Sliding jig 11 Melting heat generator

Claims (4)

A method of moving a structure built on the ground or bedrock, wherein a plurality of hollow portions are formed at least with respect to the ground or bedrock located below the structure, and water is supplied to each hollow portion. The structure is moved with the surface of the ice as a sliding surface after the structure and the bedrock are cracked by the expansion force of the ice by filling and freezing and the structure is cut off from the ground and bedrock. A structure moving method characterized by the above. A method of moving a structure built on the ground or bedrock, wherein a plurality of hollow portions are formed at least with respect to the ground or bedrock located below the structure, and water is supplied to each hollow portion. The ice by filling and freezing is brought into direct contact with the lower surface of the structure, the structure is edged from the ground or rock by the expansion force of the ice, and then the structure is moved with the ice surface as a sliding surface. A method for moving a structure, characterized in that the structure is moved. A method of moving a structure built on the ground or bedrock, wherein a plurality of hollow portions are formed at least with respect to the ground or bedrock located below the structure, and water is supplied to each hollow portion. Cracks are generated in the ground and bedrock due to the expansion force of the ice by filling and freezing, the structure is edged from the ground and bedrock, the surface of the ice is melted, and then the surface of the ice is slipped. And moving the structure as described above. A method of moving a structure built on the ground or bedrock, wherein a plurality of hollow portions are formed at least with respect to the ground or bedrock located below the structure, and water is supplied to each hollow portion. By creating cracks in the ground and bedrock due to the expansion force of ice caused by filling and freezing, the structure is edged from the ground and bedrock, and then water is poured into the gaps formed by the cracks to freeze them. A structure moving method, wherein the gap is widened, and then the structure is moved with a surface of ice formed in the gap as a sliding surface.

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