JP2004011234A - Moving method of structure - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for moving a structure, which cuts off the structure from a bedrock to move the same. <P>SOLUTION: According to the method, a plurality of holes 2 forming a hollow portion are drilled in the bedrock at under the structure 1. Then, by filling water 7 in the holes 2 and freezing the same, the structure 1 is separated from the bedrock and supported by ice 8 and further, the structure 1 is slid by using the ice 8, to move the structure 1. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention separates a large-scale structure such as a nuclear reactor facility constructed on rock or ground (hereinafter simply referred to as rock) from a supporting rock in order to transfer or remove the structure. The present invention relates to a method of moving a structure to be moved.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a conventional method of moving the bottom of a structure by cutting it off from rock, there is a method described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-21784, for example.
In this conventional method, first, a rock around an outer periphery of a structure is excavated, and a plurality of lateral grooves extending in a moving direction of the structure are opened directly below a bottom surface of the structure. Next, a sliding bearing device is mounted between the bottom of the lateral groove and the bottom surface of the structure, and the load of the structure is received by the sliding bearing device. Next, the bottom of the structure is separated from the bedrock, that is, cut off by excavating the bedrock between the lateral grooves, that is, excavating the remaining bedrock in contact with the bottom surface of the structure.
[0003]
In addition, a sliding plate for guiding and supporting the moving structure, and a solid receiving stand for supporting the sliding plate are also installed in the groove excavated along the moving direction of the structure.
Then, after the edge cutting is completed as described above, by pulling or pushing the structure, the structure is laterally moved in the direction in which the lateral groove extends by using the slide bearing device and the slide plate.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the edging according to the conventional method as described above, it is necessary to mechanically excavate and remove the entire edging surface using a heavy machine, which is troublesome. In addition, it is necessary to install a solid support device that receives the load of the structure at the time of edging.
In addition, it is required to install a solid foundation for supporting the load of the structure and a slide bearing device for reducing friction during movement in the plurality of opened lateral grooves, which is troublesome.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a method of moving a structure in which a structure can be moved from a bedrock by a simple method and the structure can be moved. I have.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a method for moving a structure built on the ground or rock, comprising a plurality of hollows with respect to the ground or rock located at least below the structure. After forming the part, each hollow part is filled with water and frozen, and the expansion force of the ice caused by freezing causes cracks to be generated in the ground and the bedrock, and after the structure is cut off from the ground and the bedrock, the structure is removed. It is characterized by being moved.
[0007]
The hollow portion may be formed, for example, by a hole extending in a lateral direction with respect to at least the ground or the rock located below the structure.
According to the present invention, the bottom of the structure is cut off from the supporting bedrock by cracking also generated in the bedrock between the hollow sections due to the expansion force when the water filled in the hollow section freezes due to expansion force. Is done. The structure is supported by the expanded ice.
[0008]
Thereafter, the structure is moved, for example, by sliding on the frozen ice or on the ice itself.
Here, FIG. 11 shows a measurement example of the expansion pressure, the cooling temperature, and the cooling temperature of ice when water is sealed in a highly rigid container and frozen and cooled. Here, in FIG. 11, black points indicate measured values, and broken lines indicate the Bridgman water-ice equilibrium curves.
[0009]
As can be seen from FIG. 11, when the restrained water is cooled to −25 ° C., the expansion pressure of the ice reaches about 220 MPa, and when cooled to −30 ° C., the expansion pressure of the ice reaches about 250 MPa. Has been confirmed. Therefore, it is possible to cut off the structure using the expansion pressure of ice.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
First, in order to separate the structure 1 from the rock, fracture surfaces H1 and H2 as shown in FIG. 1 are assumed for the surrounding rock and the supporting rock located below the structure 1. The fracture surfaces H1 and H2 include a first fracture surface H1 passing below the structure 1 and a second fracture surface H2 rising upward from the outer periphery of the first fracture surface H1.
[0011]
In this embodiment, the first fractured surface H1 is set as an inclined surface having a slight ascending gradient along the moving direction of the structure 1, and the structure 1 located above the first fractured surface H1. In addition, a rock surface 4 (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as the structure 1 or the like) integrated with the structure 1 forms a sliding surface when moving. The fracture surfaces H1 and H2 do not necessarily need to be plane.
[0012]
Then, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, a plurality of holes 2 and 3 are formed at appropriate intervals along the fractured surfaces H1 and H2.
The plurality of holes 2 provided in the first fractured surface H1 are preferably perforated so as to extend in the moving direction of the structure 1.
The direction in which the holes 3 provided in the second fracture surface H2 are pierced is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, pierced so as to extend vertically. Here, the second fracture surface H2 may be excavated and trimmed in the same manner as in the related art, instead of using the piercing and the expanding force of ice as described below.
[0013]
Next, the holes 2 and 3 are filled with water, and the water is frozen to form edges and form sliding surfaces along the fracture surfaces H1 and H2.
First, as shown in FIG. 5, a cooling pipe 6 is inserted into and installed in each hole 2, and an opening at the end of each hole 2 is closed with a lid or the like, and water 7 is poured into the hole 2. Inject and fill. Reference numeral 4 denotes a bedrock located above the fractured surface H1 and moves together with the structure 1. Reference numeral 5 denotes a bedrock located below the fractured surface H1.
[0014]
Next, water 7 filled in each hole 2 is frozen by passing a coolant such as liquid nitrogen through the cooling pipe 6. By freezing the water 7 in the hole 2, the water in the hole 2 becomes ice 8 and the ice 8 expands, and as a result of the expansion force, cracks are generated in the rock between the holes 2 as shown in FIG. Then, cracks are generated in the bedrock so as to connect the holes 2 to each other. Thereby, the rock is broken along the assumed fracture surfaces H1 and H2.
[0015]
Further, the frozen ice 8 supports the structure 1 and the like (the upper rock 4 and the structure 1) located above the first fractured surface H1 after the fracture, and has a role as a sliding surface.
Here, when it is necessary to widen the gap between the upper and lower fracture surfaces H1, the water 9 is also poured into the gap between the holes 2 (the portion indicated by reference numeral 9 in FIG. 6) to freeze. This freezing may be performed through the cooling pipe 6. In this way, the gap between the upper and lower fracture surfaces H1 can be widened by the expanding force of the ice, and a slip surface of the ice can be formed between the holes 2.
[0016]
At this time, the above-mentioned refrigerant may be adjusted to positively melt the ice 8 at the portion in contact with the bedrock on the upper side or the lower side of the fractured surface H1 to make the fractured surface H1 slippery.
When the structure 1 is cut off from the bedrock and a sliding surface is formed along the fracture surfaces H1 and H2 as described above, the structure 1 is pushed or pulled along the first fracture surface H1, as shown in FIG. To move the structure 1.
[0017]
Next, the effect of the method of moving the structure 1 will be described.
In the present embodiment, the structure 1 can be separated from the bedrock with relatively easy labor such as perforation, water injection, and freezing.
That is, when the structure 1 is cut off from the bedrock, it is not necessary to excavate the entire peripheral portion and the entire lower portion of the structure 1, that is, it is only necessary to drill the hole 2, and the labor for the construction is reduced. I do.
[0018]
In addition, since the structure 1 is supported by the frozen ice 8, even when excavating along the edge cut surface, there is no need to install a temporary cradle or the like on the bottom surface of the structure 1.
Furthermore, since the rupture is caused by the expanding force of the ice 8, rupture using dangerous substances such as blasting is not only unnecessary, but also noise and vibration accompanying the rupture can be suppressed to a small level.
[0019]
In addition, the movement after the edge cutting is also performed by moving the structure 1 by using the sliding surface of the ice 8 supporting the structure 1. In addition, the operation of moving the structure 1 can be simplified without performing an operation of installing a member to be moved while reducing friction such as a sliding material, a lubricant, a roller, and a bogie. Further, it is not necessary to remove the ice 8 after the movement.
[0020]
Here, in the above-described embodiment, a virtual surface having an ascending gradient along the moving direction of the structure 1 is assumed as the first fractured surface H1, but is not limited thereto. For example, if the composition 1 exists on a hill or the like, the first fractured surface H1 may be set to a horizontal plane or an inclined surface having a downward slope.
In addition, although the cross section of the hole 2 to be bored is circular, the shape is not limited to this, and may be a square shape, a triangular shape, or the like. The hole formed below the structure 1 may be set so that the upper surface of the hole is formed by the bottom surface of the structure 1, that is, may be formed in a groove shape. In short, it is only necessary that the closed space be filled with water.
[0021]
Further, the cooling pipe 6 through which the refrigerant passes does not necessarily need to be inserted into the hole 2 and may be arranged near the hole 2 so that the water 7 in the hole 2 is frozen via the ground. . In this case, it is preferable that the cooling pipe 6 is on the side of the frozen ice that melts the surface. For example, when melting the lower surface side of ice, a cooling pipe 6 is installed on the lower rock 5 side.
[0022]
In order to ensure reliable sliding, the following sliding jigs may be installed in all or some of the holes 2.
That is, the sliding jig 10 is a member extending along the extending direction of the hole 2. As shown in FIG. 8, the cross-sectional shape of the upper surface and the lower surface is an arc along the cross-sectional shape of the hole 2. That is, the shape is such that the cylinder is divided in half along the axial direction.
[0023]
The sliding jig 10 accommodates a melting heat generating device 11 such as a heating wire.
Then, as shown in FIG. 8, the sliding jig 10 is inserted into the hole 2 and is brought into close contact with the upper part. In this state, the hole 2 is filled with water 7 and frozen. Thereafter, the melting heat generator 11 is operated to give heat to the sliding jig 10, so that the ice surface in contact with the lower surface of the sliding jig 10 melts and becomes a sliding surface.
[0024]
The sliding jig 10 is fixed to the structure 1 side, and slides so as to be guided on the upper surface of the ice when moving the structure 1.
Here, the sliding jig 10 does not need to have the arc shape as described above. In short, if the upper surface is fixed to the upper surface of the hole 2 and the lower surface in contact with ice extends straight along the extending direction of the hole 2, the cross section of the lower surface may be triangular. .
[0025]
Since the melting heat generating device 11 heats the side of the sliding jig 10 that comes into contact with the ice (the lower surface in FIG. 8), it is preferable to dispose it closer to the contact surface.
Further, the sliding jig 10 may be attached below the hole 2 as shown in FIG. In this case, the sliding jig 10 is fixed to the lower rock 5, and the ice 8 slides along the sliding jig 10. In this case, the upper side of the ice 8 is integrated with the lower surface of the structure 1 or the like.
[0026]
Further, after the water 7 in the hole 2 is frozen and cracks are generated along the fracture surfaces H1 and H2 to perform edging, continuous small-diameter drilling or the like is performed along the cracks so as to connect the holes 2 to each other. Thus, the edges of the structure 1 and the rock may be surely cut off. Although the entire surfaces of the fractured surfaces H1 and H2 are to be pierced, since the structures 1 and the like are supported by the ice 8 in the holes 2, it is not necessary to set up a temporary receiving stand or the like.
[0027]
Further, in the above embodiment, the first fracture surface H1 is set in the rock below the lower surface of the structure 1, but the first fracture surface H1 is installed immediately below the lower surface of the structure 1, and the hole 2 The upper part of the ice 8 inside may be set so as to directly contact the lower surface of the structure 1.
Further, in the above embodiment, the structure 1 is moved by using the surface of the frozen ice 8 as a sliding surface, but the structure 1 after the edge cutting may be moved by another means. good.
[0028]
Further, in the above embodiment, the axis of the hole 2 provided along the first fractured surface H1 is oriented in the moving direction of the structure 1, but is not limited to this. The axis of the hole 2 and the moving direction of the structure 1 do not have to match. However, in this case, it is necessary to make the upper part of the ice 8 a sliding surface.
[0029]
【Example】
As shown in FIG. 10, a cylindrical hole 2 having a diameter of 2 m is formed in the boundary surface between the bottom plate of the structure 1 and the bedrock so as to extend in the moving direction of the structure 1. A plurality of holes 2 are formed in the direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the structure 1 at intervals of 6 m.
[0030]
Further, a groove 20 having a semicircular lower surface is excavated along the moving direction continuously from the holes 2. The excavation of the groove 20 may be performed during or after the water 7 is frozen.
Next, as shown in FIG. 9, the sliding jig 10 is installed below the hole 2, the cooling pipe 6 is installed in the hole 2, and the opening end of the hole 2 is covered. Is filled with water 7 and liquid nitrogen is passed through a cooling pipe 6 to freeze the water 7 and cut off.
[0031]
Thereafter, the melting heat generating device 11 is operated to melt the lower surface of the columnar ice 8 which is in contact with the upper surface of the sliding jig 10 to make it slippery. The upper surface of the columnar ice 8 is integrated with the bottom plate of the structure 1.
In this state, when an external force is applied to the structure 1 in the moving direction, the lower surface of the ice 8 moves toward the groove 20 while being guided by the upper surface of the sliding jig 10, and then slides along the groove 20. By moving, the structure 1 moves.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, when the present invention is adopted, the structure can be easily cut off from the rock without using a mechanical support device, and the movement of the structure is simplified.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a fractured surface according to an embodiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view showing positions of holes according to the embodiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a relationship between a fracture surface, a hole, and a cooling pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a broken state according to the embodiment based on the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing movement of a structure or the like according to the embodiment based on the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a sliding jig and its installation.
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a sliding jig and its installation.
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a method of moving a structure according to the embodiment.
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between the expansion pressure of ice and the cooling temperature.
[Explanation of symbols]
H1, H2 Fracture surface 1 Structure 2, 3 Hole 4 Upper rock 5 Lower rock 6 Cooling pipe 7 Water 8 Ice 10 Sliding jig 11 Melting heat generator

Claims (1)

A method of moving a structure built on the ground or rock mass, comprising forming a plurality of hollow portions at least on the ground or rock mass located below the structure, and supplying water to each hollow portion. A method for moving a structure, comprising: generating cracks in the ground or the rock by the expansion force of ice caused by filling and freezing to cut off the structure from the ground or the rock, and then moving the structure. .

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