JP3966841B2 - Ferritic free-cutting stainless steel - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a lead-free ferritic free-cutting stainless steel used as a machine part, an electrical equipment part, or the like.

Ferritic free-cutting stainless steel is widely used as machine parts and electronic equipment parts. Generally, SUS430F in which S is added to Cr 17% by mass with emphasis on machinability is used. This SUS430F contains only S as a free-cutting element for improving machinability, and does not contain Pb or the like that adversely affects the environment. S, which is a free-cutting element, combines with Mn, Cr, etc. to produce (Mn, Cr) S, and is distributed and distributed in the steel. It is also a cause of lowering corrosion resistance. For example, in high-temperature and high-humidity environments, pitting corrosion occurs due to sulfides in steel, and H ₂ S gas is released. Therefore, when SUS430F is used for electrical products, metal parts made of Ag, Cu and Al, and copper wires Etc. corrode. In order to apply such SUS430F to precision parts and the like that do not like rusting, it is necessary to improve corrosion resistance.

Conventionally, by restricting the ratio of Mn content and S content (Mn / S) in steel to a value corresponding to Cr content or less, a part of Mn in sulfide is replaced with Cr, and steel A ferritic free-cutting stainless steel has been proposed in which the sulfides in the composition are hardly corroded to improve corrosion resistance (see Patent Document 1). In addition to adding Se, which is a free-cutting element, the ratio of Mn content to the total content of S and Se (Mn / S + Se) is set to 2 or less, whereby a part of Mn in the sulfide is Cr. There is also a ferritic free-cutting stainless steel in which the (Mn + Cr) (S + Se) compound is produced to improve the pitting corrosion resistance of sulfides in steel (see Patent Document 2). In addition, ferritic free-cutting stainless steel to which free-cutting elements such as Pb and Bi are added is proposed in order to reduce the Mn content, which degrades corrosion resistance, to 2% by mass or less and to prevent deterioration of machinability due to reduction of the Mn content. (See Patent Document 3). In the ferritic free-cutting stainless steel described in Patent Document 3, generation of H ₂ S gas is suppressed by further reducing the Mn content to 0.5% by mass or less.

JP 10-46292 A (page 3-4) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-237603 (page 3-4) JP 11-140597 A (page 2-3)

However, the conventional techniques described above have the following problems. In applications such as hard disks and motor shafts, outgas resistance is particularly required. If the content of S, which is a factor for generating H ₂ S gas, is reduced in order to improve outgas resistance, there is a problem that machinability deteriorates and surface accuracy decreases. Therefore, in the ferrite free-cutting stainless steels described in Patent Documents 1 to 3, Pb that is effective in improving machinability is added. Recently, Pb is used from the viewpoint of environmental problems. Is shy.

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object thereof is to provide a lead-free ferritic free-cutting stainless steel having excellent outgas resistance, corrosion resistance, and machinability.

  Ferritic free-cutting stainless steel according to the present invention has C: 0.1% by mass or less, Si: 1.0% by mass or less, Mn: 0.5% by mass or less, P: more than 0.05% by mass and 0 15% by mass or less, S: 0.1 to 0.4% by mass, Cu: 0.5 to 1.5% by mass, Ni: 1.0% by mass or less, Cr: 16 to 21% by mass, Mo: 1 0.0 mass% or less, N: 0.05 mass% or less and O: 0.03 mass% or less, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, the ratio of Mn content to S content (Mn / S) is 2 or less.

  In the present invention, the contents of C, Si, Mn, S, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, N and O are defined, and an appropriate amount of P is added. Thereby, excellent machinability can be obtained without deteriorating outgas resistance and corrosion resistance. As a result, the component cutting edge can be reduced and the finished surface level can be improved.

The ferritic free-cutting stainless steel preferably has a P content of 0.07 to 0.13 mass%. Thereby, the finished surface quality is further improved. Furthermore, Al: 0.06 wt% or less, and Se: may contain at least one of hereinafter 0.5% by weight. Thereby, corrosion resistance and machinability further improve. In this case, Zr: You may contain 0.8 mass% or less.

  According to the present invention, the content of C, Si, Mn, S, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, N, and O is specified, and by adding an appropriate amount of P, Pb that is harmful to the environment is not added. However, excellent machinability can be obtained without deteriorating outgas resistance and corrosion resistance.

  Hereinafter, the ferritic free-cutting stainless steel according to the present invention will be described in detail. The ferritic free-cutting stainless steel of the present invention has C: 0.1% by mass or less, Si: 1.0% by mass or less, Mn: 0.5% by mass or less, and P: 0.05% by mass or more. 15 mass% or less, S: 0.1 to 0.4 mass%, Cu: 0.5 to 1.5 mass%, Ni: 1.0 mass% or less, Cr: 16 to 21 mass%, Mo: 1. 0% by mass or less, N: 0.05% by mass or less and O: 0.03% by mass or less, with the balance being composed of Fe and inevitable impurities, and Mn content and S content The ratio (Mn / S) is 2 or less.

  Hereinafter, the reason for limiting the numerical value of each component in the ferritic free-cutting stainless steel of the present invention will be described.

C: 0.1% by mass or less C has an effect of improving hardness. However, when the C content exceeds 0.1% by mass, Cr carbide is generated and the corrosion resistance is deteriorated. Therefore, the C content is 0.1% by mass or less. In order to prevent deterioration of the corrosion resistance, it is desirable to lower the C content. However, in order to extremely reduce the C content, it is costly, so the C content is 0.01% by mass or more. Is desirable.

Si: 1.0% by mass or less Si is an effective component as a deoxidizer for steel, but if the Si content exceeds 1.0% by mass, the hardness becomes too high. Therefore, Si content shall be 1.0 mass% or less.

Mn: 0.5% by mass or less Mn forms sulfides and has an effect of improving machinability. However, when the Mn content exceeds 0.5% by mass, the Cr content in the sulfides decreases. Therefore, H ₂ S gas is easily generated, and the outgas resistance and the corrosion resistance are reduced. Therefore, the Mn content is 0.5% by mass or less.

P: more than 0.05% by mass and 0.15% by mass or less P has an effect of embrittlement of chips and reducing the constituent edge and improving the finished surface quality. However, when the P content is 0.05% by mass or less, the above-described effects cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the P content exceeds 0.15% by mass, the hardness becomes too high and the machinability deteriorates. Therefore, the P content is more than 0.05% by mass and 0.15% by mass or less. The P content is more preferably 0.07 to 0.13% by mass. Thereby, the finished surface quality (surface roughness after processing) is further improved.

S: 0.1 to 0.4 mass%
S produces (Mn, Cr) S inclusions and improves machinability. However, when the S content is less than 0.1% by mass, the above-described effects cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the S content exceeds 0.4% by mass, MnS is generated, so that the outgas resistance and the corrosion resistance are lowered. Therefore, the S content is 0.1 to 0.4 mass%.

Cu: 0.5 to 1.5 mass%
Cu is an element effective for improving corrosion resistance and improving machinability by utilizing blue brittleness. However, if the Cu content is less than 0.5% by mass, the above-described effects cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when Cu content exceeds 1.5 mass%, hardness will become high too much and machinability will fall, and hot workability will fall. Therefore, the Cu content is 0.5 to 1.5 mass%.

Ni: 1.0% by mass or less Ni has an effect of improving the corrosion resistance. However, since Ni is an austenite-forming element, if its content exceeds 1.0 mass%, the ferrite phase becomes unstable in the hot working temperature range and the hot workability deteriorates. Therefore, Ni content shall be 1.0 mass% or less.

Cr: 16 to 21% by mass
Cr has the effect of improving corrosion resistance and entering sulfides to improve outgas resistance. However, if the Cr content is less than 16% by mass, the above-described effects cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the Cr content exceeds 21% by mass, hot workability deteriorates. Therefore, the Cr content is 16 to 21% by mass.

Mo: 1.0% by mass or less Mo has an effect of improving the corrosion resistance, but is an expensive element, so that when it is added in a large amount, the cost becomes high. Therefore, the Mo content is 1.0% by mass or less.

N: 0.05% by mass or less N has the effect of improving the surface accuracy after cutting. However, if its content exceeds 0.05% by mass, the hardness of the parent phase is increased and nitride is formed. Reduce machinability. Therefore, the N content is 0.05% by mass or less.

O: 0.03 mass% or less O forms an oxide that becomes a nucleus when sulfides are formed, and thus has an effect of improving machinability. However, if the O content exceeds 0.03% by mass, the amount of oxide becomes excessive and the machinability deteriorates. Therefore, the O content is 0.03% by mass or less.

Mn content / S content: 2 or less The inventors of the present invention have a ratio of Mn content to S content (Mn content / S content even if Mn content and S content are within the above-mentioned ranges. It has been found that when the amount exceeds 2, the outgas resistance deteriorates. On the other hand, if (Mn content / S content) exceeds 2, the length of the sulfide to be produced becomes long and the aspect ratio of the sulfide becomes large, so that drill workability and finished surface accuracy deteriorate. Therefore, (Mn content / S content) is set to 2 or less.

Furthermore, in the ferritic free-cutting stainless steel of the present invention, at least one of Al and Se may be added as necessary. In this case, Zr: 0.8% by mass or less may be further added.

Al: 0.06% by mass or less Al is a strong deoxidizing agent, and also forms an oxide and becomes a nucleus for producing sulfide. However, if the Al content exceeds 0.06% by mass, a hard oxide is formed and machinability is lowered. Therefore, when adding Al, it is preferable to make Al content into 0.06 mass% or less.

Se: 0.5% by mass or less Se forms a selenide compound containing Mn and Cr, improves chip cutting performance, extends tool life, and suppresses generation of H ₂ S gas to prevent outgas resistance. There is an effect of improving. However, adding a large amount of Se increases the cost. Therefore, when adding Se, it is preferable to make Se content into 0.5 mass% or less.

Zr: 0.8% by mass or less Zr has an effect of improving the machinability by suppressing the deformation of the sulfide, so that the sulfide becomes spherical and is less deformed by processing. Furthermore, drill workability also improves by adding Zr. However, if the Zr content exceeds 0.8% by mass, the strength becomes too high and the machinability deteriorates. Moreover, since Zr is expensive, when it adds abundantly, cost will become high. Therefore, when adding Zr, it is preferable to make Zr content into 0.8 mass% or less.

Ti: 0.5% by mass or less Ti forms sulfides and has an effect of improving machinability and corrosion resistance. However, if the Ti content exceeds 0.5% by mass, coarse hard inclusions are generated, so that machinability is lowered. Therefore, when adding Ti, it is preferable to make Ti content into 0.5 mass% or less.

Nb: 1.0% by mass or less Nb generates carbonitrides and suppresses the formation of Cr carbonitrides. Therefore, by adding Nb, corrosion resistance can be improved. However, if the Nb content exceeds 1.0% by mass, the amount of carbonitride increases and the machinability deteriorates. Therefore, when adding Nb, it is preferable to make Nb content into 1.0 mass% or less.

  Hereinafter, the effect of the Example of this invention is demonstrated compared with the comparative example which remove | deviates from the range of this invention. First, 10 kg of stainless steel having the composition shown in Table 1 and Table 2 below was melted in a vacuum melting furnace and made into an ingot, then a forged round bar having a diameter of 20 mm, a thickness of 30 mm, a width of 60 mm, and an arbitrary length. Sample that was forged into square bars and annealed at 780 ° C. for 3 hours, and a round bar with a diameter of 20 mm was rolled to a diameter of 16 mm, and then annealed at 780 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a drawn steel bar with a diameter of 15 mm Was made.

  Next, the above-mentioned sample was evaluated. The hardness was measured at a position (1/4) of the diameter away from the center on the circular surface of the annealed round bar.

  Corrosion resistance was obtained by processing an annealed round bar with a diameter of 20 mm with a general-purpose lathe to a diameter of 16 mm, and removing scales and decarburized layers attached or generated on the surface during forging and annealing. . The round surface of this round bar was polished with No. 800 emery paper to make a test surface, a salt spray test specified in JIS standard was conducted for 96 hours, and the degree of rust generation on the test surface was visually confirmed. As a result, the sample rusted on the entire test surface is ranked E, the sample rusted most of the test surface is D rank, the sample rusted moderately is C rank, the sample slightly rusted is B rank, Samples without rusting were ranked A.

The outgas resistance is that the surface of the annealed round bar is polished and finished, a sample piece having a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 10 mm is prepared, and the surface is polished with No. 800 emery paper, thickness 0.5 mm, width 10 mm, Along with a 15 mm long Ag thin plate, it was sealed in a fluororesin beaker having a volume of 300 cm ³ containing a small amount of pure water. This beaker was kept in a thermostatic bath at 85 ° C. for 20 hours, and the generation of gas such as H ₂ S from the test piece was confirmed by the degree of coloring of the Ag thin plate surface. As a result, the Ag thin plate turned black was designated as D rank, the medium colored as C rank, the slightly colored as B rank, and the uncolored as A rank.

  Among the machinability evaluations, the drillability is 30 mm in thickness, 60 mm in width, 30 mm in length and 60 mm in width formed by the thickness and width of a sample of any length, and a high-speed drill with a diameter of 2 mm. Then, the cutting speed was set to 25 m / min, the feed was set to 0.03 mm / rev, the processing depth was processed to 6 mm by a dry method, and the number of processing until the drill was broken (the number of holes to be drilled) was evaluated.

  Machinability: 15mm drawn steel bar with a triangular tip of super steel (P10) (shape cutting TNGC160404R-UM), processing range of depth 1.5mm, length 20mm, speed 150m / min, feed Evaluation was made based on the average value of the roughness (maximum roughness Ry) of the processed surfaces processed by 498 to 500 by dry method at 0.1 mm / rev.

  The above results are summarized in Table 3 and Table 4 below. FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the P content and the surface roughness of the processed surface, with the P content on the horizontal axis and the surface roughness of the processed surface on the vertical axis.

As shown in FIG. 1, the sample whose P content exceeds 0.05 mass% which is the range of the present invention and is 0.15 mass% or less has a surface roughness after processing of 5.0 μm or less , It showed good machinability. In particular, a sample having a P content of 0.07 to 0.13% by mass had a small surface roughness of 4.5 μm or less, and an excellent finished surface quality was obtained. On the other hand, when the P content is out of the range of the present invention, the surface roughness becomes rough, and even when an element other than P is added, the effect as in the case of adding P is not obtained.

Further, as shown in Table 4 above, the samples of Comparative Examples 19 to 41 in which the content of C, Si, Mn, S, P, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, N, or O is out of the scope of the present invention are as follows. There were problems with outgas resistance, corrosion resistance and machinability. On the other hand, as shown in Table 3 above, the content of C, Si, Mn, S, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, N, and O was within the scope of the present invention, and Example 1 was added with an appropriate amount of P. Samples Nos. 18 to 18 (9, 10, 12, 13, and 16 are missing) were able to improve the finished surface quality of the processed surface without lowering the corrosion resistance and outgas resistance. As a result, a Pb-free ferritic free-cutting stainless steel having excellent outgas resistance, corrosion resistance, and machinability was obtained.

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the P content and the surface roughness of the processed surface, with the P content on the horizontal axis and the surface roughness of the processed surface on the vertical axis.

Claims (4)

C: 0.1% by mass or less, Si: 1.0% by mass or less, Mn: 0.5% by mass or less, P: more than 0.05% by mass and 0.15% by mass or less, S: 0.1 to 0.4 mass%, Cu: 0.5 to 1.5 mass%, Ni: 1.0 mass% or less, Cr: 16 to 21 mass%, Mo: 1.0 mass% or less, N: 0.05 mass% % Or less and O: 0.03 mass% or less, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, the ratio of Mn content to S content (Mn / S) is 2 or less Ferritic free-cutting stainless steel. The ferritic free-cutting stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein the P content is 0.07 to 0.13% by mass. Furthermore, Al: 0.06 wt% or less, and Se: 0.5 wt% ferrite system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains at least one of following free-cutting stainless steel. The ferritic free-cutting stainless steel according to claim 3, further comprising Zr: 0.8% by mass or less.

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