JP3955831B2

JP3955831B2 - Wall structure using small pieces such as brick and its construction method

Info

Publication number: JP3955831B2
Application number: JP2003117556A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 健一長谷川; 雄大長谷川; 洋黒瀬
Original assignee: 株式会社長谷川製作所; ブリック・プロダクツ・トウキョウ株式会社
Priority date: 2003-04-22
Filing date: 2003-04-22
Publication date: 2007-08-08
Anticipated expiration: 2023-04-22
Also published as: JP2004324119A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はレンガやタイルなどの小片状部材を仕上げ材として使用した壁構造およびその施工方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
建物の外壁やその施工法として、レンガ張りで代表される小片状の部材を多数貼り付けた方式が汎用されつつある。
かかるレンガを用材とする壁状体の施工法として、下地としてモルタル層を設け、このモルタル層に２０ｍｍないし２５ｍｍの厚肉プレート状のレンガを押し付けて圧着する方法が一般に採用されていたが、縦、横および前後のレベル出しが難しく、施工に高い熟練度を必要としてしかも非常に手間と時間がかかり、施工コストが高くなる点、レンガの背面がモルタルに圧着されているだけであるため、地震等によってレンガがモルタル層から剥離、滑落しやすい点、モルタルを下地としているため、モルタル成分中のいわゆる灰汁がレンガのポアを通して外部ににじみ出るため、白華現象やいわゆる耳垂れが発生しやすく、それによってレンガが汚損され、しかもそうした汚れはレンガの表面を洗っても除去することができないため経時的に外観が劣化し、前述した滑落の改修とともに高価なメンテナンス工事を必要とする点に問題があった。
【０００３】
この対策として、本出願人は、特願２００１―２７４７０１号において、改善した壁状体とその施工法を提案している。このものは、下地に所定間隔で固定した胴縁と交差するようにレール状金物を多段状に配列固定し、それらレール状金物に小片状部材を上部の溝と下部の平坦面をもって受支させるように配置し、各小片状部材間の隙間を埋める如くレール状金物に目地を塗着することでレンガ壁面を築造するようにしている。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、この先行技術は、図２５のように、レール状金物４０００がレンガの上面の溝と垂れ部で係合しているが、れんがの下面はレール状金物４０００の水平部４００１に置かれているだけであるため、レンガ取付け操作のミスや振動などによってレンガの下部が外方に飛び出しやすい。このため、レンガが落下して破損したり、煩雑な手直しをしながら施工を行なわなければならないので、施工効率が下がるという問題があった。
【０００５】
また、目地モルタルを詰める際にレンガが突出した状態で行なわれる可能性があるため面精度が芳しくなく、仕上がり状態に凹凸が生じやすい。これを避けるには、いちいち煩雑な修正を行なってから目地を施工しなければならなかった。また、れんがの下面がレール状金物の水平部に置かれているだけであるため、地震の際に面外方向に外れる可能性があり、耐震性が十分とはいえかった。
【０００６】
また、コーナー部分の施工に当たって、出隅ではＬ状役物を用いるが、レール状金物の固定を先に行なってからでは、レンガの取り付けができない。そのため、出隅コーナーの施工は、図２６（ａ）のように、片側（右側）のレール状金物４０００Ｒのみを多段状に固定し、ついで、同図（ｂ）のようにＬ状役物の片側部分２０００ａを取り付け、それから同図（ｃ）のように、Ｌ状役物の他側２０００ｂに他側（左側）のレール状金物４０００Ｌをスライドさせて取り付け、その状態でレール状金物４０００Ｌを固定する作業形式が必要になる。
【０００７】
このため、技能を要しかつ煩雑であり、またレール状金物施工とレンガ施工とを分業化できない。すなわち、左右のレール状金物施工を出隅コーナーにあらかじめ固定してから、Ｌ状役物を取り付ける作業形式を取ることができない。このため、施工効率が悪かった。さらに、レール状金物として、壁面上端用、中間用、下端用の３種類が必要であったため、コストが高くなることを避けられなかった。
【０００８】
本発明は前記のような問題点を解消するためになされたもので、その目的とするところは、面精度がすぐれ、耐震性もよく、それでいて使用する部材種類も少なくかつ平面部およびコーナー部ともに施工性がよく、美麗な壁を短期間で安価に築造することができるレンガ等小片状部材を用いた壁構造およびその施工方法を提供することにある。
また、本発明の第２の目的は、さらに平行精度も優れ、作業性もよいレンガ等小片状部材を用いた壁構造およびその施工方法を提供することにある。
【０００９】
本発明の第３の目的は、上記特徴に加え、さらに、排水機能がよく、万一雨水などが小片状部材の背面に回っても、凍結膨張によって小片状部材を押し出したり、落下させたりしないレンガ等小片状部材を用いた壁構造およびその施工方法を提供することにある。
【００１０】
本発明において、「小片状部材」は、レンガ類、陶器、磁器、せっき質などのタイル類で代表される粘土製品のほか、石材、木材、プラスチック、金属など各種の壁仕上げ材料を含む。
また、「壁」とは、建家における本体やベランダなどの外壁のほか、塀、門柱、あるいは建家の内装壁などを含む概念である。
【００１１】
【課題を解決するための手段】
第１の目的を達成するための本発明の小片状部材を用いた壁構造は、面板部の上端縁に長手方向の端部を除いて垂れ片を屈曲形成する一方、面板部の下端縁に立上り片を屈曲形成しており、前記面板部をもって下地構造側に多段状に配列固定されたレール状金物と、上面に長さ方向に走る溝を有し、下面にも長さ方向に走る溝を有し、上面の前記溝をもって前記垂れ片に嵌合され、下面の溝をもって前記立上り片に嵌合された多数の小片状部材と、前記レール状金物の垂れ片と立上がり片によって各々が支持された小片状部材の隙間を埋める如くレール状金物に塗着された目地とを備えていることを特徴としている。
【００１２】
また、面板部の上端縁に長手方向の端部を除いて垂れ片を屈曲形成する一方、面板部の下端縁に立上り片を屈曲形成しており、前記面板部をもって下地構造側に多段状に配列固定されたレール状金物と、上面に長さ方向に走る溝を有し、下面にも長さ方向に走る溝を有し、かつ溝よりも前面側に長手方向に走る突起条を有しており、上面の前記溝をもって前記垂れ片に嵌合され、下面の溝をもって前記立上り片に嵌合され、さらに突起条によって目地様部分を形成した多数の小片状部材とを備えていることを特徴としている。
この後者の構成によれば、特に目地を設けなくても小片状部材そのもので目地と同じような部分が形成されるので、工期の短縮とコストの削減を図ることができる。
【００１３】
また、第１の目的を達成するための本発明の施工法は、面板部の上端に水平部とこれに続き下向き屈曲した垂れ片を有し、下端に水平部とこれに続き上向き屈曲した立上り片を有し、前記垂れ片が長手方向の端部において所定寸法欠設されている複数のレール状金物を、前記面板部をもって下地構造側に対して多段状に配置固定することを繰り返す工程と、平面部においては、上端面と下端面にそれぞれ長手方向に走る溝を有する多数の小片状部材を、前記上面の溝を前記レール状金物の垂れ片に、下面の溝を前記立上り片とそれぞれ嵌合するように差し込んで配列し、コーナー部においては、屈曲状小片状部材の長辺側の上面溝を前記レール状金物の垂れ片に、下面の溝を前記立上り片とそれぞれ嵌合させ、短辺側は垂れ片の長手方向端部における欠設部分を介してレール状金物の面板部に当接ないし近接させる工程と、配列済みの小片状部材相互間の隙間にレール状金物を下地として目地材を塗着する工程を行うことを特徴としている。
【００１４】
また、面板部の上端に水平部とこれに続き下向き屈曲した垂れ片を有し、下端に水平部とこれに続き上向き屈曲した立上り片を有し、前記垂れ片が長手方向の端部において所定寸法欠設されている複数のレール状金物を、前記面板部をもって下地構造側に対して多段状に配置固定することを繰り返す工程と、平面部においては、上端面と下端面にそれぞれ長手方向に走る溝を有しかつ溝よりも前面側に長手方向に走る突起条を有する多数の小片状部材を、前記上面の溝を前記レール状金物の垂れ片に、下面の溝を前記立上り片とそれぞれ嵌合するように差し込んで配列し、突起条によって目地様部分を形成し、コーナー部においては、屈曲状小片状部材の長辺側の上面溝を前記レール状金物の垂れ片に、下面の溝を前記立上り片とそれぞれ嵌合させ、短辺側は垂れ片の長手方向端部における欠設部分を介してレール状金物の面板部に当接ないし近接させ、かつ溝よりも前面側の長手方向に走る突起条によって目地様部分を形成する工程とからなることを特徴としている。
【００１５】
また、第２の目的を達成するため本発明の小片状部材を用いた壁構造は、前記構成に加え、レール状金物の背後の下地構造に所要間隔ごとに固定され、水準出し用の位置決め突起を下端から高さ方向で一定間隔で形成している施工用ガイド板をさらに有し、前記レール状金物が、前記施工用ガイド板の各段の位置決め突起に当接させて配列されていることを特徴としている。
【００１６】
第２の目的を達成するため本発明の小片状部材を用いた壁の施工法は、下地構造に位置決め突起が一定間隔ごとに突出した帯板状の施工用ガイド板を所定間隔ごとに固定する工程と、前記水平部が施工用ガイド板の位置決め突起に当接するように配置固定することを繰り返す工程をさらに含んでいることを特徴としている。
第３の目的を達成するため本発明は、レール状金物として、面板部に続く上下の水平部に複数の排水用孔を配していることを特徴としている。
【００１７】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下添付図面を参照して本発明の実施例を説明する。
図１は本発明の第一実施例を示しており、建家のコーナーを含む４つの外面に、第１壁Ｒ１〜第４壁Ｒ４が施工されている。１は標準的な小片状部材（この例ではレンガまたはタイル）、２はコーナーの小片状部材であり、それらは基礎面の近傍から多段状に一定間隔をおいて張設されている。
【００１８】
図２と図３はその詳細を示しており、前記小片状部材１，２は、多数列のレール状金物４によって支持されている。それらレール状金物４は、背後の施工用ガイド板５、５’によって水平出しされ、その状態で耐食性の釘類によって固定されている。そして、配列した標準的小片状部材１やコーナー小片状部材２の上下、左右間のレール状金物４には目地材８が塗着されている。
なお、レール状金物４と施工用ガイド板５、５’は下地構造に固定される。下地構造は、下地（既存の壁である場合を含む）３、あるいは下地３に一定のピッチで打ち付けた樹脂製や木製の胴縁６，６を含んでおり、施工用ガイド板５、５’は所要間隔ごとに固定される。前記下地３は表面に防水シートなどからなる防水層を有している場合を含んでいる。
【００１９】
図４ないし図８は好適な用材を示している。なお、施工用ガイド板は必ずしも必須の部材ではないが、本発明の利点を最大限発揮させるには有益な用材である。
〔小片状部材〕
小片状部材は、通常、切物と称される標準的小片状部材１と、役物と称されるコーナー用の小片状部材２が施工場所に応じて用いられる。
標準的小片状部材１は、図４（ａ）のように、略長方形状をなし、上端面の略中央部位には、長手方向に走る溝（スリット）１０が形成されている。また、下端面の略中央部位にも、長手方向に走る溝（スリット）１０’が形成されている。寸法としては、たとえば幅（長さ）が２３０ｍｍ、高さ７５ｍｍ、厚さ２５ｍｍ、溝幅は３〜５ｍｍである。
【００２０】
コーナー用の小片状部材２は、図４（ｂ）のように、長辺２ａと短辺２ｂとにより平面略Ｌ状をなし、上端面には平面略Ｌ状をなすように溝（スリット）２０が形成されている。また、下端面にも平面略Ｌ状をなすように溝（スリット）２０’が形成されている。溝２０、２０’は必ずしも連続している必要はない。
寸法としては、たとえば長辺が２３０ｍｍ、短辺が１１０ｍｍ、高さが７５ｍｍ、厚さが２５ｍｍ、溝幅は３〜５ｍｍである。わかりやすくするため、各図では実際よりも幅広に描いている。
前記標準的小片状部材１とコーナー用の小片状部材２の溝１０、１０’，２０、２０’は、後記するレール状金物４における上下の垂れ片と立上り片に嵌めることにより支持させるためのものである。
【００２１】
〔レール状金物について〕
レール状金物４は小片状部材１，２を配列支持するためのもので、耐食性の良好な材料からなっている。その例としては、ステンレス、アルミニウムなどのほか、鋼板あるいは亜鉛や亜鉛／アルミめっき鉄板、合成樹脂成形品などが選択的に用いられる。
【００２２】
レール状金物４は、図５（ａ）ないし（ｄ）にその例を示しており、小片状部材１，２の高さよりも適度に小さい幅（高さ）の面板部４０の上端に面板部４０から直角状に張り出す水平部４１が形成され、これの先端から下方に直角状かまたは直角よりも適度に小さい傾斜角度たとえば８５度に屈曲された垂れ片４２を有している。
【００２３】
前記垂れ片４２は長手方向に走っているが、コーナー領域の施工時にレール状金物４を左右に配置固定した状態で小片状部材２を取付けできるようにするために、長手方向の端部領域には所定寸法にわたって欠設部４２０が形成されている。この部分は垂れが全く無くてもよいが、好ましくは、短い寸法の短垂れ片４２’となっている。
また、面板部４０の下端には、これから直角状に張り出す水平部４３が形成されるとともに、水平部４３の先端には、上方に直角状に屈曲した立上り片４４を有している。
前記上下の水平部４１，４３には、排水用孔４５，４６がそれぞれ板厚を貫いて形成されている。排水用孔４５，４６はスリット、長孔、丸孔など任意である。
【００２４】
図６はレール状金物４と小片状部材１，２の取り合いを示しており、小片状部材１，２を正面から取付けてしかも小片状部材１，２の上下溝を垂れ片４２と立上り片４４に係合支持させるために、次の仕様とすることが、好ましい。
１）レール状金物４の面板部４０の幅（高さ）Ｈは、小片状部材１，２の高さ（幅）よりも大きく、上下の水平部４１，４３の幅（張り出し長さ）Ｄは、小片状部材１，２の厚さよりも小さく、通常約半分とする。
２）垂れ片４２の長さＡと立上り片４４の長さＢは、Ａ＞Ｂの関係にする。
３）小片状部材１，２の上側溝１０、２０の深さＡ’、下側溝１０’、２０’の深さＢ’は、等しくても等しくなくてもよいが、下側溝１０’、２０’の深さＢ’は、立上り片４４の長さＢとの関係で、Ｂ’≧Ｂとする。
【００２５】
４）小片状部材１，２の下面が水平部４３に載置された状態において、垂れ片４２の先端から上側溝１０、２０の底までの距離Ｃと、立上り片４４の長さＢは、Ｃ＞Ｂの関係に、水平部４１から小片状部材１，２の上面までの距離Ｃ’と立上り片４４の長さＢはＣ’＞Ｂの関係とする。
レール状金物４の具体的な例としては、たとえば長さが２０００ｍｍ、全高Ｈ：８７ｍｍ、厚さ０．３０〜０．５０ｍｍ、奥行（面板部外面から垂れ部・立上り部の外面までの距離）：１５ｍｍ、垂れ片長さＡ：１５．６ｍｍ、立上り片長さＢ：５ｍｍ、切欠部形成長さ：６０ｍｍである。
【００２６】
〔施工用ガイド板について〕
この施工用ガイド板５、５’は、本発明において必須の用材ではないが、レール状金物４と併用することで施工作業性と平行精度を向上できる。
施工用ガイド板は平面領域用とコーナー用の２種からなり、いずれも耐食性の良好な帯板を精密金型で板金加工されてなる。その例としては、ステンレス、アルミニウムなどのほか、鋼板あるいは亜鉛や亜鉛／アルミめっき鉄板などがあげられる。しかし、場合によっては合成樹脂成形品などであってもよい。
【００２７】
図７は平面領域用の施工用ガイド板５を例示している。この施工用ガイド板５は、たとえば長さが２ｍ、横幅が１００ｍｍ、厚さが０．３０〜０．５０ｍｍの帯板からなり、幅方向両側の下端縁に、前方に適度の量で水平状に張り出す位置決め突起５０，５０’を有し、この下端縁の位置決め突起５０，５０’から所定の等間隔すなわち、前記レール状金物４の高さＨより適度に大きな間隔（たとえば９０〜９５ｍｍピッチ）で位置決め突起５１，５１’が順次形成されており、また、幅方向中央線上には、所定の間隔で通孔５３が穿設されている。この多数の通孔５３は釘類を打ち込むための孔として機能するほか、後述するコーナー用に屈曲する場合の曲げ基準として機能する。
【００２８】
前記位置決め突起５１，５１’は任意の方法で得てよいが、この例では切り起しによって構成されている。すなわち、素帯板の幅方向両側部分に一端が側縁に達するＬ状カット線を所定ピッチで加工し、そのＬ状カット線の縦頂点を素帯板の板面と直角に屈曲することにより作られている。そして、必要な長さの位置で縦頂点を結ぶ線上で切断しており、したがって、最上位には縦頂点の高さに相当する突辺が形成される。この突辺は、高さ方向での継ぎ足しの際の定規として機能する。
【００２９】
図８（ａ）（ｂ）はコーナー施工用ガイド板５’の第１例（凸コーナー用）を示しており、図４の施工用ガイド板５における中央線上の各通孔５３を基準として板幅方向中央に沿って外側方向に屈曲されてなり、折り曲げ線５５を境としてそれぞれの半部に位置決め突起５０，５０’と位置決め突起５１，５１’が配されている。
図８（ｃ）は施工用ガイド板５’の第２例（凹コーナー用）を示しており、図４の施工用ガイド板５における中央線上の通孔５３を定規として板幅方向中央に沿って内側方向に屈曲され、それぞれの半部に位置決め突起５０，５０’と位置決め突起５１，５１’が配されている。
【００３０】
次に、本発明の第１実施例の施工方法を、用材として、施工用ガイド板５を併用した場合でもって説明すると、図９ないし図１８はそれを段階的に示している。
まず、図９のように、防水性の下地構造この例では下地３に胴縁６を所定の間隔たとえば４０〜５０ｃｍで配し、釘類７で固定する。
ついで、建物の下端付近面に平面用とコーナー用の各施工用ガイド板５，５’を配し、所要間隔ごとの胴縁６，６に施工用ガイド板５，５’を固定する。
【００３１】
詳しく述べると、建物の下端付近面に正しく水平度を取った基準墨線ＨＬを引き、これを建物周囲に一回引く。そして、この基準墨線ＨＬに平面用のガイドレール板５の位置決め突起５０，５０’を合せ、各通孔５３を通して釘類７を胴縁６，６に打ち込む。また、建物の各隅にコーナー用ガイド板５’を同様に配し、基準墨線ＨＬに平面用ガイドレール板５の下端の位置決め突起５１，５１’を合せ、各通孔５３を通して釘類７を胴縁６，６に打ち込む。各通孔５３はちょうど屈曲縁に沿って配されているので、簡単に胴縁のコーナーに釘類を打ち込み固定できる。これで、東西南北の各面の水平基準ができあがる。図９と図１０はこの状態を示している。
【００３２】
なお、３階建てのような場合には、施工用ガイド板５や５’をそれぞ複数本使用し、最下位の施工用ガイド板の突辺５２を次上位の施工用ガイド板の下縁５４と突合せるように直列に配して胴縁６に固定することで自在に対応できる。
【００３３】
以上のように施工用ガイド板５，５’を固定することにより東西南北各方面の水平基準ができるので、次に、施工用ガイド板５，５’の位置決め突起５０，５０’と中間の位置決め突起５１，５１’にレール状金物４の下側の水平部４３が重なるように当接させ、壁下地の胴縁６，６にくぎ類７で固定する。
詳しく説明すると、レール状金物４の配列固定は、通常、施工部分の最下位から開始するもので、この作業は、レール状金物４を、施工用ガイド板５，５’と交差するように横に配し、下端縁の水平部４３を施工用ガイド板５，５’の下端縁の位置決め突起５０，５０’に載せ、釘類７を胴縁６に打ち込むだけでよいから簡単であり、しかも、下端縁の位置決め突起５０，５０’は前端の工程で水平度が取られているから、自動的にレール状金物４は精度のよい水平配置とされる。これは各４面とも同じである。
【００３４】
ついで、前記最下位の位置決め突起５０，５０’の一つ上（２番目）の位置決め突起５１，５１’と２つ上（３番目）の位置決め突起５１，５１’との間の面部にレール状金物４の面板部４０が当接するように挿入し、下端縁の水平部４３の下面を２番目の位置決め突起５１，５１’に載せる。第１段目用のレール状金物４は上下の間隔が正確に決められている位置決め突起５１，５１’に載せられることにより自動的に水平出し状態での位置決めがなされ、従前のような基準用の墨入れを要しない。固定は、胴縁６，６に対応する部分の面部４０から耐食性の釘類７を打ち込むことにより行なう。
【００３５】
次に、第２番目と第３番目の位置決め突起５１，５１’との間の面部に第２段用のレール状金物４を挿入し、前記と同様に下縁の水平部４３の下面を３番目の位置決め突起５１，５１’に載せ、その状態で標準レール４ｂを釘類７によって胴縁６，６に固定する。以下同様の作業を繰り返すことにより図１１ないし図１３のように、レール状金物４は施工用ガイド板５，５’の各段の位置決め突起５１，５１’を基準として各コーナーも含めて正しく水平度を保たれた状態に張設される。横方向の端部においては、左右のレール状金物４は、施工用ガイド板５，５’の左右の位置決め突起５１，５１’にそれぞれ受支されて水平位置決めされる。
【００３６】
こうして最上位に達するまで作業すると、東西南北４方のすべてのレール状金物４は水平面が一致する。
施工用ガイド板５，５’の左右の位置決め突起５１，５１’に各段のレール状金物４の水平部４３を当接する方式であるから、各レール状金物の面板部の高さ寸法に若干のバラツキがあっても水平度には影響せず、かりにレール状金物が若干の張り誤差が生じても、累積されることがない。したがって小片状部材を後に嵌合した時に小片状部材の水平度が正しく維持される。
【００３７】
なお、図示するものでは、ガイド板を効率的に使用するため、レール状金物４の長さ方向両端部だけをガイド板５，５’の位置決め突起５０，５０’、５１，５１’で受支して水平度を得ているが、もちろん、レール状金物の長さ方向の中間部に対応する胴縁６にガイド板を固定し、それの位置決め突起５０，５０’、５１，５１’でレール状金物の長さ方向の中間部を受支し、水平度をさらに良く確保するようにしてもよい。
【００３８】
以上でレール状金物４の配列固定が終わるので、次に、配列固定したレール状金物４に小片状部材１，２を取り付ける工程に移る。
図１４は平面部領域での小片状部材１の取り付け方を示しており、（ａ）のように小片状部材１の上面の溝１０をレール状金物４の垂れ片４２に深くはめ合わせれば、短い高さの立上り片４４には接触しないので、小片状部材１を斜めから押入れ、（ｂ）のように面板部４０に背面が当接したときに小片状部材１を垂直に下げれば、下面側の溝１０’が立上り片４４に係合し、奥側の下面が水平部４３に受支される。したがって、作業は非常に簡単であり、しかも小片状部材１は上部と下部がともに垂れ片４２と立上り片４４に係合されるので、面外方向にずれが生じない。図ではわかりやすくするため溝１０、１０’の幅を実際よりも広く示している。
【００３９】
コーナーの施工は、平面部の施工に先立ってあるいは平行して行なわれるが、左右のレール状金物４、４の垂れ片４２、４２が長手方向端では切欠４２０されている。このため、コーナーにおいては、図１５（ａ）のように、小片状部材２の長辺２ａを右側のレール状金物４の端から挿入する。
【００４０】
こうすれば、小片状部材２の下側の溝２０’が立上り片４４に嵌まり、上側の溝２０が切欠部４２０にガイドされて垂れ片４２に嵌まってゆき、自動的に支持される。もちろん、これに代えて、平面部と同じように小片状部材２を正面から差し込んで、支持させ、それから長辺２ａをスライドさせてもよい。
【００４１】
いずれにしても、短辺２ｂが左側のレール状金物４に近づくと、垂れ片４２は端部領域に切欠部４２０があるため、短辺２ｂは垂れ片４２に衝突して障害を受けることなく内面が面板部４０に当接ないし接近し、この状態で適度に短辺２ｂを持ち上げて降ろすことにより、図１５（ｃ）のように下側の溝２０’が立上り部４４に嵌められる。
したがって、作業が簡単であり、それでいて小片状部材２の長辺２ａがレール状金物４と上下で嵌合し合っているので、面外方向にはずれが生じない。
【００４２】
そして、こうした作業は、左右のレール状金物４、４をすべて配列固定した状態で行なえるので、分業によるスピードアップを図ることができる。また、施工壁の上端部、下端部およびコーナー部が単一のレール状金物４で足り、ことさら下端専用（スターターレール）、上端専用（トップレール）といったものを要さない。
【００４３】
図１６ないし図１８はこのような小片状部材取付け工程の途中の状態を示しており、各小片状部材１，２は溝１０，２０、１０’、２０’よりも前面側が約１／２の厚さ分だけレール状金物４の垂れ片４２と立上り片４４から突出する。なお、図１６と図１８は、嵌合関係をわかりやすくするため、小片状部材１，２にハッチングをつけて示している。
レール状金物４の垂れ片４２を水平部４１に対して垂直でなく、適度の傾斜角度で内側に傾斜させた場合には、溝１０，２０の幅を広くしても、前記小片状部材の取り付け時において、傾斜状の垂れ片４２によって溝内側壁がレール状金物４の面板部４０に向けて押しつけられるので、各小片状部材１，２は、取り付けが終わるとガタつかず安定する。
【００４４】
各小片状部材１，２の上下がレール状金物４の垂れ片４２と立上り片４４に嵌合していることとあいまって、地震などによっても剥落することはなく、耐久性を高いものとすることができる。そして、前段の作業でレール状金物が建物全体に渡って正しく水平度を維持されているので、小片状部材１，２は自動的に上下間隔も一定に揃い、面も整然と揃った配列とされる。
【００４５】
以上のように小片状部材１，２の取付けを行ったのち、小片状部材１，２間の左右、上下のすき間に目地材８を塗込む。かかる作業は目地材８をすき間に押し込むように塗付け、コテで仕上げるだけの操作で足りる。上下のすき間については、この部分にレール状金物４の垂れ片４２と立上り片４４が位置していることによりそれらの表面が塗布基準面となるため簡単であり、目地材８の一部が溝１０，２０と垂れ片４２の隙間や溝１０’，２０’と立上り片４４の隙間に流入するため、小片状部材１，２はより確実に固定される。
左右は垂れ片４２と立上り片４４が基準面となるほか、各小片状部材が面板部４０に接している関係からレンガ左右端面間に溝が形成され、目地材はこれらの溝によって充填量が規制される。
【００４６】
以上のようにして図１ないし図３に示すように壁が完成する。得られた壁は、小片状部材１，２の平行精度、面精度がともによいものとなる。まんいち水が壁の背面側に浸入しても、上下の水平部４１，４３の板厚を貫いて排水用孔４５，４５が配されているので、これらの排水用孔４５，４５を介して上方から下方へと誘導されて最下段のレール状金物４から排水される。このため、裏に回った水が冬季に凍結して膨張し、小片状部材１，２を面外方向に押し出して落下させる懸念がなくなる。
【００４７】
図１９と図２０は本発明の第２実施例を示している。この実施例においては、用材として施工用ガイド板５，５’を使用せず、既存の手法で水平出しを行なってレール状金物４を下地構造に直接固定し、それらレール状金物４に小片状部材１，２を取り付け、目地８を施している。
他の構成は第１実施例と同じであるから説明を援用する。この第２実施例も、施工用ガイド板５，５’の採用による点を除いて、前記した作用が得られる。
【００４８】
図２１ないし２４は本発明の第３実施例を示している。この実施例は、目地塗工を全廃ないし大幅に簡易化できる態様であり、そのための手段として、特殊な小片状部材１’，２’を用いる。他の使用部材は第１実施例や第２実施例と同様であるから、説明は援用するものとする。図２４は、ガイド板５，５’を使用した例（第１実施例方式）を示しているが、もちろんガイド板５，５’を使用しない第２実施例の態様としてもよい。
【００４９】
小片状部材１’，２’は、上下面にそれぞれ長手方向に走る溝１０，１０’、２０，２０’を有しているが、目地の役目を果たさせるために、上面の溝１０，２０の前面側に、上面１００のレベルよりも上方に延びる突起条１１，２１を形成している。前記突起条１１，２１は背壁面が溝１０，２０に臨むように小片状部材の厚さ方向中間に形成され、突起条１１，２１の前面側付根からは適度な下がり斜面１２、２２が形成されている。
前記突起条１１，２１の許容される最大高さはレール状金物４に取り付けた時に、垂れ片４２の始端に達するまでであり、それ以上では、上段のレール状金物４に対する次段の小片状部材１’，２’の取り付けがやりにくくなるため好ましくない。上下面の溝１０，１０’、２０，２０’は、厚さ方向の中央よりもやや後側よりに偏して設けられる。
【００５０】
小片状部材の上部側だけに突起条１１，２１を形成してもよいが、目地の感じをよく出すとともにレール状金物４を完全に隠蔽するために、小片状部材の下部側にも突起条１１’，２１’を形成することが好ましい。これら下部側の突起条１１’，２１’は、下面１０１，２０１の溝１０’、２０’よりも厚さ方向で前面側に突出形成され、小片状部材前面１０３，２０３と面一になっている。その突起条１１’，２１’の厚さは、溝１０’、２０’との間に下段の小片状部材の突起条１１，２１を容入可能な寸法が選定される。
【００５１】
第３実施例の施工法は、基本的に前記第１実施例や第２実施例と同じである。平面領域の施工においては、図２２（ａ）（ｂ）（ｃ）のように、小片状部材１’の上面の溝１０をレール状金物４の垂れ片４２に嵌め、ついで小片状部材１’を下げて下面の溝１０’を立上り片４４に嵌合すればよい。これにより、上側の突起条１１は垂れ片４２の前面側に位置し、下側の突起条１１’は立上り片４４の前面側においてこれと水平部４３のレベルを超えて下方に適度に延びる。
コーナー領域の施工においては、図２３のように小片状部材２’の長辺側を右方のレール状金物４に向けて側方からスライドさせ、上面の溝２０を垂れ片４２に嵌め合わせ、下面の溝２０’を立上り片４４に嵌め合わせればよい。このときに、上側の突起条２１の内面が垂れ片４２の外面に対するガイドとなるので、作業が楽になる。長辺側を限度までスライドさせると短辺側は垂れ片４２の切欠部４２０を通して面板部に接近し、下面側の溝２０’が立上り片４４に嵌められることで支持される。このときに、垂れ片４２の切欠部４２０は上側の突起条２１によって隠すことができ、体裁がよくなる。
【００５２】
各段に前記取り付けを行うことにより、図２４のように、各小片状部材１’，２’の上下がレール状金物４の垂れ片４２と立上り片４４に嵌合して安定的に支持される。
そして、この第３実施例では、小片状部材１’，２’における上部の突起条１１、２１が垂れ片４２を覆い隠すように前面に立ち上がっており、同時に、上段の小片状部材１’，２’の下部の突起条１１’，２１’が上部の突起条１１、２１と噛合うように下方に延びるので、レール状金物４の垂れ片４２、立上り片４４が覆い隠される。
そして、下段の小片状部材１’，２’の突起条１１、２１と、これの根元の斜面１２、２２、および上段の小片状部材１’，２’の下部の突起条１１’，２１’とで壁前面から適度に窪んだ目地様の溝条が画成される。したがって、特に目地を塗着しなくてもよくなり、工事をより簡単に、短期間で行なえる。
【００５３】
第３実施例を利用した態様として、レール状金物４に対する小片状部材１’，２’の取付け時に、モルタルなどを上面の溝１０、２０に充填して行なってもよく、あるいは、目地を塗着しないが、下段の小片状部材１’，２’の突起条１１、２１と、これの根元の斜面１２、２２、および上段の小片状部材１’，２’の下部の突起条１１’，２１’とで壁前面から適度に窪んだ溝条に、薄くモルタルなどを化粧として施してもよい。
なお、第１実施例または第２実施例のように目地塗工形式と、第３実施例の目地レス形式を併用して、壁全体の施工を行なってもよく、これも本発明に含まれる。
【００５４】
本発明は以上のとおりであるが、下地構造にレール状金物を多段状に配列固定し、それらレール状金物に小片状部材を配置し、各小片状部材間の隙間を埋める如くレール状金物に目地を塗着することで構成される壁のためのレール状金物であって、該レール状金物が、下地構造に固定される面板部の上下端縁に、小片状部材の上面側と係合する垂れ片と小片状部材の下面側と係合する立上り片を有し、かつ、前記垂れ片が長手方向の端部において所定寸法欠設されていることを特徴とするレンガ壁施工用レール状金物を、要旨として含んでいる。
【００５５】
【発明の効果】
以上説明した本発明の請求項１、５によるときには、長さ方向に走る溝１０，２０を上面に有し、下面にも長さ方向に走る溝１０’、２０’を有する多数の小片状部材１，２と、面板部４０の上下端縁に前記小片状部材上面の溝１０，２０と嵌合する垂れ片４２と小片状部材下面の溝１０’，２０’と係合する立上り片４４をそれぞれ有し、前記面板部４０をもって下地構造側に多段状に配列固定されたレール状金物４を組み合わせているので、施工性がよく、しかも前記垂れ片４２が長手方向の端部において所定寸法欠設されているので、コーナー部も小片状部材２をスライドさせることで容易に施工することができる。
また、小片状部材１，２とレール状金物４が溝１０，２０、１０’、２０’と垂れ片４２、立上り片４４とによって上下で嵌合しているので、面外方向にずれず面精度を高くすることができるとともに、耐震性を高くすることができる。
さらに、施工する壁のどの部位でもレール状金物４は１種類にすることもできるので、管理や施工が容易で、コストも低減できる。
【００５６】
請求項２、６によれば、小片状部材１’，２’が、上面に長さ方向に走る溝１０，２０を有し、下面にも長さ方向に走る溝１０’、２０’を有し、かつ溝よりも前面側に長手方向に走る突起条１１，２１、１１’、２１’を有しており、上面の前記溝１０，２０をもって前記垂れ片４２に嵌合され、下面の溝１０’、２０’をもって前記立上り片４４に嵌合された多数の小片状部材１，２とを備え、前記突起条１１，２１、１１’、２１’によって目地様部分が形成されるので、目地塗工工程を省略することも可能となり、工事を短期間で簡単に、かつ低コストで行えるというすぐれた効果が得られる。
【００５７】
請求項３，７によれば、さらに、レール状金物４の背後の下地構造に所要間隔ごとに固定され、水準出し用の位置決め突起５０，５０’、５１，５１’を下端から高さ方向で一定間隔で形成している施工用ガイド板５，５’をさらに有し、前記レール状金物４が、前記施工用ガイド板５，５’の各段の位置決め突起５０，５０’、５１，５１’に当接させて配列されるので、基準墨を建物などの四面に一回引き、レール状金物４を単に位置決め突起に当接させつつ固定するだけの簡単で単純な作業により、レール状金物４および小片状部材１，２、１’、２’を高い水平精度で配列固定することが可能となり、仕上後の見映えがよく、品質を高い壁を作ることができる。また、熟練度を必要とせず作業単純化により未熟練工でも作業効率を上げることが出来るので、工期を短く、工費を安く押さえることができる。
【００５８】
請求項４によれば、レール状金物４の上下の水平部４１，４３に排水用孔４５が複数個配されているので、水が壁の背面側に浸入しても、これらの排水用孔４５を介して上方から下方へと誘導されて最下段のレール状金物４から排水される。このため、裏に回った水が冬季に凍結して膨張し、小片状部材１，２を面外方向に押し出して落下させるといった懸念がなく、長期にわたって美麗な壁性状を維持できる効果が得られる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】（ａ）は本発明の第１実施例による施工例を示す平面図、（ｂ）は（ａ）の部分的斜視図である。
【図２】施工途中の状態を示す斜視図である。
【図３】（ａ）は図１の断面図、（ｂ）はその拡大図である。
【図４】（ａ）は本発明に使用する小片部材の一例を示す斜視図、（ｂ）は他の小片部材を示す斜視図、（ｃ）は縦断面図である。
【図５】（ａ）は本発明で使用するレール状金物の斜視図、（ｂ）はその一部拡大正面図、（ｃ）は（ｂ）のＸ−Ｘ線に沿う断面図、（ｄ）は（ｂ）のＹ−Ｙ線に沿う断面図である。
【図６】本発明におけるレール状金物と小片部材との関係を示す断面図である。
【図７】（ａ）は本発明における平坦部用の施工用ガイド板の一例を示す正面図、（ｂ）はその部分切欠拡大斜視図である。
【図８】（ａ）は本発明におけるコーナー用の施工用ガイド板の一例を示す斜視図、（ｂ）はその拡大断面図、（ｃ）は凹コーナー用とした施工用ガイド板の断面図である。
【図９】下地構造への施工用ガイド板の固定完了状態を示す斜視図である。
【図１０】（ａ）は図９のＹ−Ｙ線に沿う拡大断面図、（ｂ）は図９のＺ−Ｚ線に沿う拡大断面図である。
【図１１】レール状金物の固定完了状態を示す横断面図である。
【図１２】レール状金物の固定完了状態を示す正面図である。
【図１３】レール状金物の固定完了状態を示す側面図である。
【図１４】（ａ）（ｂ）（ｃ）は、レール状金物への小片部材の取り付けを段階的に示す断面図である。
【図１５】（ａ）（ｂ）は、コーナー部におけるレール状金物への小片部材の取り付けを段階的に示す断面図である。
【図１６】レール状金物への小片部材の取り付けを行なっている状態の横断面図である。
【図１７】レール状金物への小片部材の取り付けを行なっている状態の正面図である。
【図１８】レール状金物に小片状部材を取り付けた状態の側面図である。
【図１９】（ａ）は本発明の第２実施例において、レール状金物の固定完了状態を示す横断面図、（ｂ）は正面図、（ｃ）は側面図である。
【図２０】（ａ）は第２実施例のレール状金物への小片部材の取り付けを行なっている状態の横断面図、（ｂ）は正面図である。
【図２１】（ａ）は本発明の第３実施例に使用する小片部材の一例を示す斜視図、（ｂ）は他の小片部材を示す斜視図、（ｃ）は縦断面図である。
【図２２】（ａ）（ｂ）（ｃ）は、第３実施例における、レール状金物への小片部材の取り付けを段階的に示す断面図である。
【図２３】（ａ）（ｂ）は、第３実施例における、コーナー部レール状金物への小片部材の取り付けを段階的に示す断面図である。
【図２４】（ａ）は第３実施例における壁の断面図、（ｂ）はその拡大図である。
【図２５】比較例のレール状金物への小片部材の取り付けを行なっている状態の横断面図である。
【図２６】（ａ）（ｂ）（ｃ）は、比較例におけるコーナー部分でのレール状金物への小片部材の取り付け法を段階的に示す斜視図である。
【符号の説明】
１，２、１’、２’ 小片状部材
４レール状金物
５施工用ガイド板
８目地材
１０，２０上面側の溝
１０’、２０’ 下面側の溝
１１，２１上部の突起条
１１’、２１’ 下部の突起条
４０面板部
４１，４３水平部
４２垂れ片
４４立上り片
４５排水用孔
５０，５０’，５１，５１’ 位置決め突起
４２０切欠部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a wall structure using a small piece member such as a brick or a tile as a finishing material, and a construction method thereof.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As an outer wall of a building and its construction method, a method in which a large number of small pieces of members typified by bricks are pasted is being widely used.
As a method for constructing a wall-shaped body using such brick as a material, a method in which a mortar layer is provided as a base and a thick plate-like brick of 20 mm to 25 mm is pressed against the mortar layer and crimped is generally adopted. It is difficult to level the side and front and back, requires a high level of skill in construction, takes a lot of time and labor, increases the construction cost, and the brick back is just crimped to the mortar. The bricks are easy to peel off from the mortar layer due to etc. Over time, bricks are soiled and cannot be removed by washing the brick surface. Appearance is degraded, there is a problem in that it requires expensive maintenance work with renovation of sliding described above.
[0003]
As a countermeasure, the present applicant has proposed an improved wall-like body and its construction method in Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-274701. In this type, rail-like hardware is arranged and fixed in multiple stages so as to intersect the trunk edges fixed to the base at predetermined intervals, and small pieces of members are supported on the rail-like hardware with an upper groove and a lower flat surface. The brick wall surface is constructed by applying joints to the rail-like hardware so as to fill the gaps between the small pieces.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in this prior art, as shown in FIG. 25, the rail-shaped hardware 4000 is engaged with the groove on the upper surface of the brick at the hanging portion, but the lower surface of the brick is placed on the horizontal portion 4001 of the rail-shaped hardware 4000. Therefore, the lower part of the brick tends to pop out due to mistakes in the brick installation operation or vibration. For this reason, there is a problem that the construction efficiency is lowered because the brick must be dropped and damaged, or the construction must be carried out while making complicated repairs.
[0005]
Further, when filling the joint mortar, there is a possibility that the brick is protruded, so that the surface accuracy is not good and unevenness is likely to occur in the finished state. To avoid this, it was necessary to make joints after making complicated corrections. In addition, since the lower surface of the brick is only placed on the horizontal part of the rail-shaped hardware, it may come off in the direction of the surface in the event of an earthquake, and the earthquake resistance was not sufficient.
[0006]
Moreover, in the construction of the corner portion, an L-shaped accessory is used at the exit corner, but the brick cannot be attached after the rail-shaped hardware is fixed first. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 26 (a), only the rail-shaped hardware 4000R on one side (right side) is fixed in a multi-stage shape, and then the L-shaped accessory as shown in FIG. Attach one-side portion 2000a, and then slide and attach the other side (left side) rail-like hardware 4000L to the other side 2000b of the L-shaped accessory as shown in FIG. 5C, and fix the rail-like hardware 4000L in that state. A work format is required.
[0007]
For this reason, skill is required and is complicated, and rail-shaped hardware construction and brick construction cannot be divided. That is, it is not possible to take a work form in which the left and right rail-shaped hardware constructions are fixed in advance to the corners of the corners and then the L-shaped accessory is attached. For this reason, construction efficiency was bad. Furthermore, since three types of rail-shaped hardware for the upper end of the wall surface, for the middle, and for the lower end were necessary, it was inevitable that the cost would increase.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and the object of the present invention is to have excellent surface accuracy, good earthquake resistance, and few types of members to be used, and both flat and corner portions. An object of the present invention is to provide a wall structure using a small piece-like member such as a brick, which has good workability and can be used to build a beautiful wall at a low cost in a short period of time, and a construction method therefor.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a wall structure using a small piece member such as a brick, which is excellent in parallel accuracy and workability, and a construction method thereof.
[0009]
In addition to the above features, the third object of the present invention is that the drainage function is good, and even if rainwater or the like turns to the back of the small piece member, the small piece member is pushed out or dropped by freezing and expanding. An object of the present invention is to provide a wall structure using a small piece-like member such as a brick and its construction method.
[0010]
In the present invention, the “small piece-like member” includes various wall finishing materials such as stone, wood, plastic, and metal in addition to clay products represented by tiles such as bricks, ceramics, porcelain, and plaster. .
Further, the “wall” is a concept that includes an outer wall such as a main body or a veranda in a building, as well as a fence, a gate pillar, or an interior wall of the building.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the first object, the wall structure using the small piece-like member of the present invention is formed by bending a drooping piece at the upper end edge of the face plate portion except for the end portion in the longitudinal direction, while the lower end edge of the face plate portion. The top plate has a rail-shaped hardware arranged and fixed in a multistage manner on the base structure side with the face plate portion, a groove running in the length direction on the upper surface, and running in the length direction also on the lower surface. A plurality of small piece-like members fitted to the rising piece with the groove on the upper surface and fitted to the rising piece with the groove on the lower surface, and the hanging piece and the rising piece of the rail-shaped hardware, respectively. And a joint applied to the rail-like hardware so as to fill the gap between the small piece-like members supported.
[0012]
In addition, a drooping piece is bent at the upper end edge of the face plate portion excluding the end in the longitudinal direction, while a rising piece is bent at the lower end edge of the face plate portion, and the face plate portion is multi-staged on the base structure side. A rail-shaped hardware fixed in an array, a groove running in the length direction on the upper surface, a groove running in the length direction on the lower surface, and a protrusion running in the longitudinal direction on the front side of the groove A plurality of small piece-like members that are fitted to the hanging piece with the groove on the upper surface, fitted to the rising piece with the groove on the lower surface, and further formed with joints like portions by protrusions. It is characterized by.
According to this latter configuration, since a portion similar to the joint is formed by the small piece member itself without providing a joint, the work period can be shortened and the cost can be reduced.
[0013]
In addition, the construction method of the present invention for achieving the first object has a horizontal portion at the upper end of the face plate portion and a drooping piece bent downward, followed by a horizontal portion at the lower end and a rising portion bent upward thereafter. Repeating a step of arranging and fixing a plurality of rail-shaped hardware having a piece and having the hanging piece notched in a predetermined dimension at an end in a longitudinal direction with respect to the base structure side with the face plate portion; In the plane portion, a plurality of small piece-like members each having a groove running in the longitudinal direction on the upper end surface and the lower end surface, the groove on the upper surface is the hanging piece of the rail-shaped hardware, and the groove on the lower surface is the rising piece. In the corner part, the upper side groove on the long side of the bent piece is fitted to the hanging piece of the rail-shaped hardware, and the lower side groove is fitted to the rising piece. The short side is the longitudinal end of the drooping piece Performing a step of contacting or approaching the face plate portion of the rail-shaped hardware through the missing portion and a step of applying a joint material with the rail-shaped hardware as a base in a gap between the arranged small pieces of members. It is characterized by.
[0014]
In addition, the upper end of the face plate portion has a horizontal portion and a drooping piece bent downward following this, and the lower end has a horizontal portion and a rising piece bent upward following this, and the dripping piece is predetermined at the end in the longitudinal direction. In the step of repeatedly arranging and fixing a plurality of rail-shaped hardwares with dimensions omitted with respect to the base structure side with the face plate portion, in the plane portion, the upper end surface and the lower end surface are respectively in the longitudinal direction. A plurality of small piece-like members having running grooves and having protrusions running in the longitudinal direction on the front side of the grooves, the groove on the upper surface as a hanging piece of the rail-shaped hardware, and the groove on the lower surface as the rising piece Inserted and arranged so as to fit each other, a joint-like part is formed by the protrusions, and in the corner part, the upper side groove on the long side of the bent piece-like member is formed on the hanging piece of the rail-like hardware, the lower side The groove of each is fitted with the rising piece The short side is brought into contact with or close to the face plate portion of the rail-shaped hardware through the notched portion at the longitudinal end portion of the hanging piece, and the joint-like portion is formed by a protrusion that runs in the longitudinal direction on the front side of the groove. It is characterized by comprising the step of forming.
[0015]
In order to achieve the second object, the wall structure using the small piece-like member of the present invention is fixed to the base structure behind the rail-shaped hardware at a required interval in addition to the above-described structure, and is positioned for leveling. It further has a construction guide plate in which projections are formed at regular intervals in the height direction from the lower end, and the rail-shaped hardware is arranged in contact with the positioning projections of each step of the construction guide plate It is characterized by that.
[0016]
In order to achieve the second object, the wall construction method using the small piece-like member of the present invention is to fix the belt-like construction guide plate with positioning projections protruding at regular intervals on the base structure at regular intervals. And a step of repeatedly arranging and fixing the horizontal portion so as to contact the positioning protrusion of the construction guide plate.
In order to achieve the third object, the present invention is characterized in that a plurality of drainage holes are arranged in the upper and lower horizontal portions following the face plate portion as rail-like hardware.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the present invention, in which a first wall R1 to a fourth wall R4 are constructed on four outer surfaces including corners of a building. Reference numeral 1 denotes a standard small piece member (brick or tile in this example), and 2 denotes a small piece member at a corner, which are stretched at regular intervals in a multistage shape from the vicinity of the base surface.
[0018]
FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show the details, and the piece-like members 1 and 2 are supported by multiple rows of rail-like hardware 4. The rail-shaped hardware 4 is leveled by the construction guide plates 5 and 5 'behind and fixed in that state by corrosion-resistant nails. A joint material 8 is applied to the rail-shaped hardware 4 between the upper and lower sides and the left and right sides of the arranged standard small piece members 1 and corner small piece members 2.
The rail-shaped hardware 4 and the construction guide plates 5 and 5 ′ are fixed to the base structure. The base structure includes a base 3 (including the case of an existing wall), or resin or wooden trunk edges 6 and 6 that are struck to the base 3 at a constant pitch. Is fixed at each required interval. The base 3 includes a case where the surface has a waterproof layer made of a waterproof sheet or the like.
[0019]
4 to 8 show preferred materials. Note that the construction guide plate is not necessarily an essential member, but is a useful material for maximizing the advantages of the present invention.
[Small pieces]
As the small piece member, a standard small piece member 1 called a cut piece and a small piece member 2 for a corner called an accessory are used depending on a construction place.
As shown in FIG. 4A, the standard small piece-like member 1 has a substantially rectangular shape, and a groove (slit) 10 running in the longitudinal direction is formed at a substantially central portion of the upper end surface. Further, a groove (slit) 10 ′ that runs in the longitudinal direction is also formed in a substantially central portion of the lower end surface. For example, the width (length) is 230 mm, the height is 75 mm, the thickness is 25 mm, and the groove width is 3 to 5 mm.
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 4B, the small piece member 2 for the corner has a substantially L-shaped plane formed by the long side 2a and the short side 2b, and a groove (slit) so as to form a substantially L-shaped plane at the upper end surface. ) 20 is formed. Further, a groove (slit) 20 ′ is also formed on the lower end surface so as to form a substantially plane L shape. The grooves 20, 20 ′ are not necessarily continuous.
For example, the long side is 230 mm, the short side is 110 mm, the height is 75 mm, the thickness is 25 mm, and the groove width is 3 to 5 mm. For simplicity, each figure is drawn wider than it actually is.
The grooves 10, 10 ′, 20, 20 ′ of the standard piece-like member 1 and the corner piece-like member 2 are supported by being fitted to upper and lower drooping pieces and rising pieces in a rail-like hardware 4 to be described later. Is for.
[0021]
[About rail-shaped hardware]
The rail-shaped hardware 4 is used for arranging and supporting the small pieces 1 and 2 and is made of a material having good corrosion resistance. For example, in addition to stainless steel and aluminum, steel plates, zinc, zinc / aluminum-plated iron plates, synthetic resin molded products, and the like are selectively used.
[0022]
An example of the rail-shaped hardware 4 is shown in FIGS. 5 (a) to 5 (d). A horizontal portion 41 projecting from the portion 40 at a right angle is formed, and has a hanging piece 42 bent at a right angle downward from the tip of the portion 40 or at an inclination angle appropriately smaller than the right angle, for example, 85 degrees.
[0023]
The hanging piece 42 runs in the longitudinal direction, but in order to allow the small piece-like member 2 to be attached in a state where the rail-like hardware 4 is arranged and fixed to the left and right during construction of the corner region, the longitudinal end region A notched portion 420 is formed over a predetermined dimension. This portion may be free from dripping, but is preferably a short dripping piece 42 'having a short dimension.
In addition, a horizontal portion 43 projecting at a right angle is formed at the lower end of the face plate portion 40, and a rising piece 44 bent upward at a right angle is formed at the tip of the horizontal portion 43.
In the upper and lower horizontal portions 41 and 43, drain holes 45 and 46 are formed through the plate thickness, respectively. The drain holes 45 and 46 are arbitrary, such as a slit, a long hole, and a round hole.
[0024]
FIG. 6 shows the connection between the rail-shaped hardware 4 and the small piece-like members 1 and 2. The small piece-like members 1 and 2 are attached from the front and the upper and lower grooves of the small piece-like members 1 and 2 hang down and In order to engage and support the rising piece 44, the following specifications are preferable.
1) The width (height) H of the face plate portion 40 of the rail-shaped hardware 4 is larger than the height (width) of the small pieces 1 and 2, and the widths of the upper and lower horizontal portions 41 and 43 (projecting length). D is smaller than the thickness of the small piece-like members 1 and 2 and is usually about half.
2) The length A of the hanging piece 42 and the length B of the rising piece 44 are in a relationship of A> B.
3) The depth A ′ of the upper grooves 10 and 20 of the small pieces 1 and 2 and the depth B ′ of the lower grooves 10 ′ and 20 ′ may or may not be equal, but the lower grooves 10 ′, The depth B ′ of 20 ′ is related to the length B of the rising piece 44, and B ′ ≧ B.
[0025]
4) In a state where the lower surfaces of the small piece members 1 and 2 are placed on the horizontal portion 43, the distance C from the tip of the dripping piece 42 to the bottom of the upper grooves 10 and 20 and the length B of the rising piece 44 are , C> B, the distance C ′ from the horizontal portion 41 to the upper surfaces of the small pieces 1 and 2 and the length B of the rising piece 44 are in a relationship of C ′> B.
Specific examples of the rail-shaped hardware 4 include, for example, a length of 2000 mm, a total height H: 87 mm, a thickness of 0.30 to 0.50 mm, and a depth (distance from the outer surface of the face plate portion to the outer surface of the drooping / rising portion). 15 mm, sagging piece length A: 15.6 mm, rising piece length B: 5 mm, notch formation length: 60 mm.
[0026]
[Construction guide plate]
Although the construction guide plates 5 and 5 ′ are not essential materials in the present invention, the construction workability and parallel accuracy can be improved by using the construction guide plates 5 and 5 ′ together with the rail-shaped hardware 4.
There are two types of construction guide plates, one for the flat area and the other for corners, both of which are formed by sheet metal processing with a precision mold on a strip having good corrosion resistance. Examples thereof include stainless steel, aluminum, etc., and steel plates or zinc or zinc / aluminum-plated iron plates. However, in some cases, it may be a synthetic resin molded product.
[0027]
FIG. 7 illustrates the construction guide plate 5 for a flat area. This construction guide plate 5 is made of, for example, a strip plate having a length of 2 m, a width of 100 mm, and a thickness of 0.30 to 0.50 mm. Positioning projections 50 and 50 'projecting from the lower end edge, and at a predetermined equal interval from the positioning projections 50 and 50' at the lower end edge, that is, an interval appropriately larger than the height H of the rail-shaped hardware 4 (for example, a pitch of 90 to 95 mm) ), The positioning projections 51 and 51 'are sequentially formed, and through holes 53 are formed at predetermined intervals on the center line in the width direction. The large number of through holes 53 function as holes for driving nails, and also function as a bending reference when bending for corners described later.
[0028]
The positioning protrusions 51 and 51 ′ may be obtained by any method, but in this example, the positioning protrusions 51 and 51 ′ are formed by cutting and raising. That is, by processing the L-shaped cut line with one end reaching the side edge at both sides in the width direction of the base plate at a predetermined pitch, and bending the vertical vertex of the L-shaped cut line at right angles to the plate surface of the base plate It is made. And it cut | disconnects on the line | wire which connects a vertical vertex in the position of required length, Therefore, the protrusion equivalent to the height of a vertical vertex is formed in the highest rank. This projecting side functions as a ruler when adding in the height direction.
[0029]
FIGS. 8A and 8B show a first example (for convex corners) of the corner construction guide plate 5 ′, and the plate is based on the through holes 53 on the center line in the construction guide plate 5 of FIG. The projections are bent outward along the center in the width direction, and positioning projections 50 and 50 'and positioning projections 51 and 51' are arranged on the respective halves with a folding line 55 as a boundary.
FIG. 8C shows a second example (for concave corners) of the construction guide plate 5 ′, which is along the center in the plate width direction with the through hole 53 on the center line in the construction guide plate 5 of FIG. 4 as a ruler. The positioning projections 50 and 50 'and the positioning projections 51 and 51' are arranged on the respective half portions.
[0030]
Next, the construction method of the first embodiment of the present invention will be described in the case where the construction guide plate 5 is used in combination as a material. FIGS. 9 to 18 show it step by step.
First, as shown in FIG. 9, a waterproof base structure, in this example, the trunk edge 6 is arranged on the base 3 at a predetermined interval, for example, 40 to 50 cm, and fixed with nails 7.
Next, the construction guide plates 5 and 5 ′ for the plane and the corner are arranged on the surface near the lower end of the building, and the construction guide plates 5 and 5 ′ are fixed to the trunk edges 6 and 6 for each required interval.
[0031]
More specifically, a reference black line HL that is correctly leveled is drawn on the surface near the lower end of the building, and this is drawn once around the building. Then, the positioning protrusions 50 and 50 ′ of the flat guide rail plate 5 are aligned with the reference black line HL, and the nails 7 are driven into the trunk edges 6 and 6 through the through holes 53. In addition, corner guide plates 5 ′ are arranged in the same manner at each corner of the building, the positioning protrusions 51, 51 ′ at the lower end of the flat guide rail plate 5 are aligned with the reference black line HL, and the nails 7 are passed through the through holes 53. Drive into the rim 6,6. Since each through-hole 53 is arranged just along the bent edge, nails can be easily driven and fixed to the corner of the trunk edge. This completes the horizontal reference for each side of east, west, south, and north. 9 and 10 show this state.
[0032]
In the case of a three-story building, a plurality of construction guide plates 5 and 5 'are used, and the projecting edge 52 of the lowest construction guide plate is the lower edge of the next higher construction guide plate. It is possible to deal with it freely by arranging it in series so as to abut with 54 and fixing it to the barrel edge 6.
[0033]
By fixing the construction guide plates 5 and 5 'as described above, the horizontal reference in each of the east, west, north and south directions can be obtained. Next, the positioning projections 50 and 50' of the construction guide plates 5 and 5 'are positioned in the middle. The protrusions 51 and 51 ′ are brought into contact with the lower horizontal portion 43 of the rail-shaped hardware 4 so as to overlap with each other, and are fixed to the trunk edges 6 and 6 of the wall base with nails 7.
More specifically, the arrangement and fixing of the rail-shaped hardware 4 is usually started from the lowest position of the construction part. This operation is performed so that the rail-shaped hardware 4 crosses the construction guide plates 5 and 5 ′. It is simple because it is only necessary to place the horizontal portion 43 of the lower end edge on the positioning projections 50, 50 'of the lower end edge of the construction guide plates 5, 5' and drive the nails 7 into the trunk edge 6, and Since the positioning projections 50 and 50 ′ at the lower end edge are leveled in the process of the front end, the rail-shaped hardware 4 is automatically arranged with high accuracy. This is the same for each of the four surfaces.
[0034]
Next, a rail portion is formed on the surface portion between the first (second) positioning protrusions 51, 51 ′ and the second (third) positioning protrusions 51, 51 ′ of the lowest positioning protrusions 50, 50 ′. The metal plate 4 is inserted so that the face plate portion 40 abuts it, and the lower surface of the horizontal portion 43 at the lower end edge is placed on the second positioning projections 51, 51 ′. The first-stage rail-shaped metal piece 4 is automatically positioned in a leveled state by being placed on positioning protrusions 51 and 51 ′ whose vertical intervals are accurately determined, so that it can be used for a reference as in the past. No need for inking. Fixing is performed by driving in the corrosion-resistant nails 7 from the surface portion 40 corresponding to the trunk edges 6 and 6.
[0035]
Next, the second-stage rail-like hardware 4 is inserted into the surface portion between the second and third positioning projections 51 and 51 ', and the lower surface of the horizontal portion 43 at the lower edge is set to 3 in the same manner as described above. The standard positioning rail 4b is fixed to the trunk edges 6 and 6 with the nails 7 in this state. Thereafter, by repeating the same operation, as shown in FIGS. 11 to 13, the rail-shaped hardware 4 is correctly leveled including the corners including the positioning protrusions 51 and 51 ′ of the respective steps of the construction guide plates 5 and 5 ′. It is stretched to keep the degree. At the end in the horizontal direction, the left and right rail-shaped hardwares 4 are respectively supported by the left and right positioning projections 51 and 51 ′ of the construction guide plates 5 and 5 ′ and horizontally positioned.
[0036]
If the work is performed until reaching the highest position in this way, the horizontal planes of all the rail-shaped hardwares 4 in the four directions of east, west, south, and north coincide.
Since the horizontal portions 43 of the rail-like hardware 4 of each step are brought into contact with the left and right positioning projections 51, 51 ′ of the construction guide plates 5, 5 ′, the height of the face plate portion of each rail-like hardware is slightly different. Even if there is a variation, the horizontality is not affected, and the rail-like hardware is not accumulated even if a slight tension error occurs. Therefore, when the small piece member is fitted later, the level of the small piece member is correctly maintained.
[0037]
In the illustrated example, in order to efficiently use the guide plate, only the both ends in the length direction of the rail-shaped metal piece 4 are supported by the positioning projections 50, 50 ′, 51, 51 ′ of the guide plates 5, 5 ′. However, of course, the guide plate is fixed to the barrel edge 6 corresponding to the middle part in the length direction of the rail-shaped hardware, and the rails are positioned by the positioning projections 50, 50 ′, 51, 51 ′. You may make it receive the intermediate part of the length direction of a metal fitting, and ensure the levelness further.
[0038]
Since the arrangement and fixing of the rail-shaped hardware 4 is completed as described above, the process proceeds to the step of attaching the small-piece members 1 and 2 to the rail-shaped hardware 4 that has been arrayed and fixed.
FIG. 14 shows how to attach the small piece member 1 in the plane region, and the groove 10 on the upper surface of the small piece member 1 is deeply fitted to the hanging piece 42 of the rail-shaped hardware 4 as shown in FIG. For example, since the rising piece 44 having a short height is not contacted, the small piece-like member 1 is pushed in from an oblique direction, and the small piece-like member 1 is made vertical when the back surface comes into contact with the face plate portion 40 as shown in FIG. If lowered, the groove 10 ′ on the lower surface side engages with the rising piece 44, and the lower surface on the inner side is supported by the horizontal portion 43. Therefore, the operation is very simple, and the upper and lower portions of the small piece member 1 are engaged with the hanging piece 42 and the rising piece 44, so that no deviation occurs in the out-of-plane direction. In the figure, the width of the grooves 10, 10 'is shown wider than the actual width for easy understanding.
[0039]
The corner construction is performed prior to or in parallel with the construction of the flat portion, but the hanging pieces 42 and 42 of the left and right rail-shaped hardware 4 and 4 are notched 420 at the longitudinal ends. Therefore, at the corner, as shown in FIG. 15A, the long side 2a of the small piece-like member 2 is inserted from the end of the right rail-shaped hardware 4.
[0040]
In this way, the lower groove 20 ′ of the small piece-like member 2 is fitted into the rising piece 44, and the upper groove 20 is guided by the notch 420 and fitted into the drooping piece 42 to be automatically supported. The Of course, instead of this, the small piece-like member 2 may be inserted and supported from the front in the same manner as the plane portion, and then the long side 2a may be slid.
[0041]
In any case, when the short side 2b approaches the left rail-like metal piece 4, the dripping piece 42 has the notch 420 in the end region, so that the short side 2b does not collide with the dripping piece 42 and receive an obstacle. The inner surface abuts or approaches the face plate portion 40, and the lower side 20b is appropriately lifted and lowered in this state, whereby the lower groove 20 ′ is fitted into the rising portion 44 as shown in FIG.
Therefore, the operation is simple, and the long side 2a of the small piece-like member 2 is engaged with the rail-like hardware 4 in the vertical direction, so that no deviation occurs in the out-of-plane direction.
[0042]
And since such work can be performed in the state where all the left and right rail-shaped hardware 4 and 4 are arranged and fixed, the speed can be increased by division of labor. Moreover, the upper end part of a construction wall, a lower end part, and a corner part are enough for the single rail-shaped metal fitting 4, and the thing only for a lower end (starter rail) and an upper end only (top rail) is unnecessary.
[0043]
FIGS. 16 to 18 show a state in the middle of such a small piece member attaching process, and each small piece member 1 and 2 has a front side of about 1 / minute from grooves 10, 20, 10 ′ and 20 ′. The rail-shaped hardware 4 protrudes from the hanging piece 42 and the rising piece 44 by the thickness of 2. 16 and 18 show the small pieces 1 and 2 with hatching for easy understanding of the fitting relationship.
When the hanging piece 42 of the rail-shaped hardware 4 is not perpendicular to the horizontal portion 41 but is inclined inward at an appropriate inclination angle, the small piece-like member is formed even if the width of the grooves 10 and 20 is increased. Since the inner wall of the groove is pressed against the face plate portion 40 of the rail-shaped metal piece 4 by the inclined drooping piece 42, the small piece-like members 1 and 2 are stabilized without rattling after the attachment. .
[0044]
Combined with the fact that the top and bottom of each small piece-like member 1 and 2 are fitted to the hanging piece 42 and the rising piece 44 of the rail-like hardware 4, they do not peel off due to an earthquake or the like, and have high durability. can do. And since the rail-like hardware is correctly maintained over the entire building in the previous work, the small piece-like members 1 and 2 are automatically arranged with a constant vertical spacing, and the arrangement of the surfaces is neatly arranged. Is done.
[0045]
After the small pieces 1 and 2 are attached as described above, the joint material 8 is applied between the left and right and upper and lower gaps between the small pieces 1 and 2. For this work, it is sufficient to apply the joint material 8 so as to push it into the gap and finish it with a trowel. The clearance between the upper and lower sides is simple because the hanging piece 42 and the rising piece 44 of the rail-shaped hardware 4 are located in this portion, so that their surfaces become application reference surfaces, and part of the joint material 8 is a groove. The small piece-like members 1 and 2 are more reliably fixed because they flow into the gap between the slidable pieces 10 and 20 and the dangling piece 42 and the gap between the grooves 10 ′ and 20 ′ and the rising piece 44.
On the left and right sides, the hanging piece 42 and the rising piece 44 serve as a reference plane, and a groove is formed between the left and right end faces of the brick because each small piece member is in contact with the face plate portion 40, and the joint material is filled by these grooves. Is regulated.
[0046]
As described above, the wall is completed as shown in FIGS. The obtained wall has good parallel accuracy and surface accuracy of the small pieces 1 and 2. Even if water enters the back side of the wall, drainage holes 45, 45 are disposed through the plate thickness of the upper and lower horizontal portions 41, 43. It is guided from the upper side to the lower side and drained from the lowermost rail-like hardware 4. For this reason, there is no concern that the water that has turned to the back freezes and expands in the winter, and pushes the small pieces 1 and 2 out of the plane and causes them to fall.
[0047]
19 and 20 show a second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the construction guide plates 5 and 5 ′ are not used as materials, and leveling is performed by an existing method to fix the rail-shaped hardware 4 directly to the base structure, and small pieces are attached to the rail-shaped hardware 4. Shaped members 1 and 2 are attached and joints 8 are applied.
Since the other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description is incorporated. In the second embodiment, the above-described operation can be obtained except that the construction guide plates 5, 5 ′ are employed.
[0048]
21 to 24 show a third embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, joint coating can be completely abolished or greatly simplified, and special small piece members 1 ′ and 2 ′ are used as means for that purpose. Since other members used are the same as those in the first and second embodiments, the description thereof is incorporated. FIG. 24 shows an example in which the guide plates 5 and 5 ′ are used (first embodiment method), but it is of course possible to adopt a mode of the second embodiment in which the guide plates 5 and 5 ′ are not used.
[0049]
The small piece-like members 1 ′ and 2 ′ have grooves 10, 10 ′, 20, and 20 ′ that run in the longitudinal direction on the upper and lower surfaces, respectively. , 20 are formed with protrusions 11, 21 extending upward from the level of the upper surface 100. The protrusions 11 and 21 are formed in the middle in the thickness direction of the small piece member so that the back wall faces the grooves 10 and 20, and moderately inclined slopes 12 and 22 are formed from the front side roots of the protrusions 11 and 21. Is formed.
The maximum allowable height of the protrusions 11, 21 is until reaching the starting end of the hanging piece 42 when attached to the rail-like hardware 4, and beyond that, the next-stage small piece with respect to the upper rail-like hardware 4 Since it becomes difficult to attach the shape members 1 ′ and 2 ′, it is not preferable. The grooves 10, 10 ′, 20, 20 ′ on the upper and lower surfaces are provided slightly offset from the rear side from the center in the thickness direction.
[0050]
The protrusions 11 and 21 may be formed only on the upper side of the small piece member. However, in order to provide a good joint feeling and completely conceal the rail-like hardware 4, the lower part side of the small piece member is also provided. It is preferable to form protrusions 11 ′ and 21 ′. These lower protrusions 11 ′ and 21 ′ are formed to protrude to the front side in the thickness direction from the grooves 10 ′ and 20 ′ of the lower surfaces 101 and 201, and are flush with the small piece member front surfaces 103 and 203. ing. The thickness of the protrusions 11 ′ and 21 ′ is selected so that the protrusions 11 and 21 of the lower piece-like member can be inserted between the grooves 10 ′ and 20 ′.
[0051]
The construction method of the third embodiment is basically the same as that of the first and second embodiments. In the construction of the planar region, as shown in FIGS. 22A, 22B, and 22C, the groove 10 on the upper surface of the small piece member 1 ′ is fitted into the hanging piece 42 of the rail-like hardware 4, and then the small piece member. The lower surface groove 10 ′ may be fitted to the rising piece 44 by lowering 1 ′. Accordingly, the upper protrusion 11 is positioned on the front side of the dripping piece 42, and the lower protrusion 11 ′ extends moderately below the level of the horizontal portion 43 on the front side of the rising piece 44.
In the construction of the corner area, the long side of the small piece member 2 ′ is slid from the side toward the right rail-shaped hardware 4 as shown in FIG. The groove 20 ′ on the lower surface may be fitted to the rising piece 44. At this time, the inner surface of the upper protrusion 21 serves as a guide for the outer surface of the hanging piece 42, so that the work is facilitated. When the long side is slid to the limit, the short side approaches the face plate through the notch 420 of the drooping piece 42, and is supported by fitting the groove 20 ′ on the bottom side to the rising piece 44. At this time, the notch 420 of the drooping piece 42 can be hidden by the upper protrusion 21 and the appearance is improved.
[0052]
As shown in FIG. 24, the upper and lower portions of the small piece-like members 1 ′ and 2 ′ are fitted to the hanging piece 42 and the rising piece 44 of the rail-like hardware 4 so as to be stably supported as shown in FIG. Is done.
In the third embodiment, the upper protrusions 11 and 21 of the small piece members 1 ′ and 2 ′ are raised on the front surface so as to cover the dripping piece 42, and at the same time, the upper small piece member 1. Since the lower protrusions 11 ′ and 21 ′ of “, 2” extend downward so as to mesh with the upper protrusions 11, 21, the hanging piece 42 and the rising piece 44 of the rail-shaped hardware 4 are covered.
Then, the protrusions 11 and 21 of the lower piece-like members 1 ′ and 2 ′, the slopes 12 and 22 at the base thereof, and the protrusions 11 ′ and the lower portions of the upper piece-like members 1 ′ and 2 ′, 21 'defines a joint-like groove that is moderately depressed from the wall front. Therefore, it is not necessary to apply joints in particular, and the construction can be performed more easily and in a short period of time.
[0053]
As a mode using the third embodiment, when attaching the small pieces 1 'and 2' to the rail-like hardware 4, the top grooves 10 and 20 may be filled with mortar or the like, or joints may be used. Although not applied, the protrusions 11 and 21 of the lower piece-like members 1 ′ and 2 ′, the slopes 12 and 22 at the roots thereof, and the protrusions at the lower part of the upper piece-like members 1 ′ and 2 ′. A thin mortar or the like may be applied as a makeup to the grooves 11 'and 21' that are moderately depressed from the front of the wall.
In addition, as in the first embodiment or the second embodiment, the entire wall may be constructed by using the joint coating type and the jointless type in the third embodiment together, and this is also included in the present invention. .
[0054]
Although the present invention is as described above, rail-shaped hardware is arranged and fixed in a multistage shape on the base structure, small pieces are arranged on the rail-shaped hardware, and the rail shape is filled so as to fill the gaps between the small pieces. A rail-like hardware for a wall constituted by applying joints to a hardware, and the rail-like hardware is on the upper and lower edges of the face plate portion fixed to the base structure, on the upper surface side of the small piece member Brick wall, characterized in that it has a hanging piece that engages with a rising piece that engages with the lower surface side of the small piece-like member, and the hanging piece is not provided with a predetermined dimension at the end in the longitudinal direction. A rail-shaped hardware for construction is included as a summary.
[0055]
【The invention's effect】
According to the first and fifth aspects of the present invention described above, a number of small pieces having grooves 10 and 20 running in the length direction on the upper surface and grooves 10 'and 20' running in the length direction also on the lower surface. The members 1, 2 and the upper and lower edges of the face plate portion 40, the drooping piece 42 fitted to the grooves 10, 20 on the upper surface of the small piece member, and the rising edge engaged with the grooves 10 ', 20' on the lower surface of the small piece member Since each of the pieces 44 and the rail-like hardware 4 arranged and fixed in multiple stages on the base structure side with the face plate portion 40 are combined, the workability is good, and the hanging piece 42 is at the end in the longitudinal direction. Since the predetermined dimension is omitted, the corner portion can be easily constructed by sliding the small piece-like member 2.
Further, since the small piece-like members 1 and 2 and the rail-like metal piece 4 are fitted vertically by the grooves 10, 20, 10 ′, 20 ′ and the dripping piece 42 and the rising piece 44, they do not shift in the out-of-plane direction. The surface accuracy can be increased and the earthquake resistance can be increased.
Furthermore, since the rail-like hardware 4 can be made to be one kind at any part of the wall to be constructed, management and construction are easy and the cost can be reduced.
[0056]
According to Claims 2 and 6, the small piece-like members 1 'and 2' have grooves 10 and 20 running in the length direction on the upper surface, and grooves 10 'and 20' running in the length direction on the lower surface. And has protrusions 11, 21, 11 ′, 21 ′ that run in the longitudinal direction on the front side of the groove, and is fitted to the dripping piece 42 with the grooves 10, 20 on the upper surface, A plurality of small piece-like members 1 and 2 fitted to the rising piece 44 with grooves 10 'and 20' are provided, and joint-like portions are formed by the protrusions 11, 21, 11 'and 21'. In addition, it is possible to omit the joint coating process, and it is possible to obtain an excellent effect that the construction can be easily performed at a low cost in a short period of time.
[0057]
According to the third and seventh aspects, the leveling positioning protrusions 50, 50 ′, 51, 51 ′ are further fixed in the height direction from the lower end, and are fixed to the underlying structure behind the rail-shaped hardware 4 at every required interval. It further has construction guide plates 5 and 5 ′ formed at regular intervals, and the rail-shaped hardware 4 has positioning protrusions 50, 50 ′, 51 and 51 on each stage of the construction guide plates 5 and 5 ′. Since the reference ink is drawn once on all four sides of a building or the like, and the rail-shaped hardware 4 is simply fixed in contact with the positioning protrusion, the rail-shaped hardware is arranged. 4 and the small piece-like members 1, 1, 1 ', 2' can be arranged and fixed with high horizontal accuracy, the appearance after finishing is good, and a wall with high quality can be made. In addition, since the work efficiency can be increased even by an unskilled worker by simplifying the work without requiring skill, the work period can be shortened and the work cost can be reduced.
[0058]
According to the fourth aspect, since a plurality of drainage holes 45 are arranged in the upper and lower horizontal portions 41, 43 of the rail-shaped hardware 4, even if water enters the back side of the wall, these drainage holes It is guided from above to below through 45 and drained from the lowermost rail-like hardware 4. For this reason, there is no concern that the water that has turned to the back freezes and expands in the winter, and extrudes and drops the small pieces 1 and 2 in the out-of-plane direction, and the effect of maintaining beautiful wall properties over a long period of time is obtained. It is done.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1A is a plan view showing a construction example according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a partial perspective view of FIG.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a state during construction.
3A is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3B is an enlarged view thereof.
4A is a perspective view showing an example of a small piece member used in the present invention, FIG. 4B is a perspective view showing another small piece member, and FIG. 4C is a longitudinal sectional view.
FIG. 5A is a perspective view of a rail-shaped hardware used in the present invention, FIG. 5B is a partially enlarged front view thereof, FIG. 5C is a sectional view taken along line XX in FIG. ) Is a cross-sectional view taken along line YY of (b).
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the relationship between the rail-shaped hardware and the small piece member in the present invention.
7A is a front view showing an example of a construction guide plate for a flat portion in the present invention, and FIG. 7B is a partially cutaway enlarged perspective view thereof.
8A is a perspective view showing an example of a corner construction guide plate according to the present invention, FIG. 8B is an enlarged sectional view thereof, and FIG. 8C is a sectional view of a construction guide plate for a concave corner; It is.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a state where the fixing of the construction guide plate to the base structure is completed.
10A is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line YY in FIG. 9, and FIG. 10B is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line ZZ in FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a fixed state of the rail-shaped hardware.
FIG. 12 is a front view showing a state where the rail-like hardware is fixed.
FIG. 13 is a side view showing a state where the fixing of the rail-like hardware is completed.
FIGS. 14A, 14B, and 14C are cross-sectional views showing stepwise attachment of a small piece member to a rail-like hardware. FIGS.
FIGS. 15A and 15B are cross-sectional views showing stepwise attachment of a small piece member to a rail-like hardware at a corner portion. FIGS.
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a state in which the small piece member is attached to the rail-shaped hardware.
FIG. 17 is a front view showing a state in which the small piece member is attached to the rail-like hardware.
FIG. 18 is a side view of a state in which a small piece member is attached to a rail-like hardware.
FIGS. 19A and 19B are cross-sectional views showing a rail-like hardware fixed state in a second embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 19B is a front view, and FIG. 19C is a side view.
20A is a cross-sectional view of a state in which a small piece member is attached to a rail-shaped metal fitting of the second embodiment, and FIG. 20B is a front view.
21A is a perspective view showing an example of a small piece member used in the third embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 21B is a perspective view showing another small piece member, and FIG. 21C is a longitudinal sectional view thereof.
22A, 22B, and 22C are cross-sectional views showing stepwise attachment of a small piece member to a rail-like hardware in the third embodiment.
FIGS. 23A and 23B are cross-sectional views showing stepwise attachment of small piece members to the corner rail-shaped hardware in the third embodiment. FIGS.
24A is a sectional view of a wall in the third embodiment, and FIG. 24B is an enlarged view thereof.
FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view of a state in which the small piece member is attached to the rail-shaped hardware of the comparative example.
26 (a), (b) and (c) are perspective views showing step by step how to attach a small piece member to a rail-like hardware at a corner portion in a comparative example.
[Explanation of symbols]
1, 2, 1 ', 2' pieces
4 Rail-like hardware
5 Guide plate for construction
8 Joint materials
10, 20 Groove on the upper surface side
10 ', 20' groove on the bottom side
11, 21 Upper protrusion
11 ', 21' Lower protrusion
40 face plate
41, 43 horizontal section
42
44 Rising piece
45 Drainage hole
50, 50 ', 51, 51' Positioning protrusion
420 Notch

Claims

The hanging piece 42 is bent at the upper end edge of the face plate portion 40 except for the end in the longitudinal direction, while the rising piece 44 is bent at the lower end edge of the face plate portion 40, and the face plate portion 40 is moved toward the base structure side. The rail-shaped hardware 4 arranged and fixed in a multi-stage manner, and grooves 10 and 20 running in the length direction on the upper surface, and grooves 10 'and 20' running in the length direction on the lower surface, the grooves on the upper surface. 10 and 20 are fitted into the drooping piece 42, and the small pieces 1 and 2 are fitted into the rising piece 44 with the grooves 10 ′ and 20 ′ on the lower surface, and the drooping piece of the rail-shaped hardware 4. 42 and a joint 8 applied to the rail-shaped hardware 4 so as to fill a gap between the small pieces 1 and 2 supported by the rising pieces 44, respectively. Wall structure using

The hanging piece 42 is bent at the upper end edge of the face plate portion 40 except for the end in the longitudinal direction, while the rising piece 44 is bent at the lower end edge of the face plate portion 40, and the face plate portion 40 is moved toward the base structure side. Rail-shaped hardware 4 arranged and fixed in a multi-stage manner, grooves 10 and 20 running in the length direction on the upper surface, grooves 10 'and 20' running in the length direction on the lower surface, and more than the grooves It has protrusions 11, 21, 11 ′, 21 ′ running in the longitudinal direction on the front side, is fitted to the dripping piece 42 with the grooves 10, 20 on the upper surface, and has grooves 10 ′, 20 ′ on the lower surface. Brick or the like characterized by comprising a large number of small piece-like members 1 and 2 fitted to the rising piece 44 and forming joint-like portions by the protrusions 11, 21, 11 ′, 21 ′ Wall structure using small pieces.

A guide plate for construction which is fixed to the underlying structure behind the rail-shaped hardware 4 at every required interval and has leveling positioning projections 50, 50 ′, 51, 51 ′ formed at regular intervals in the height direction from the lower end. 5, 5 ′, and the rail-shaped hardware 4 is arranged in contact with the positioning protrusions 50, 50 ′, 51, 51 ′ of each stage of the construction guide plates 5, 5 ′. Item 3. A wall structure using the piece-like member according to item 1 or 2.

The wall structure using small piece members such as bricks according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rail-shaped hardware 4 has a plurality of drain holes 45 in the upper and lower horizontal portions 41, 43 projecting from the face plate portion. .

The face plate portion 40 has a horizontal portion 41 at the upper end thereof and a drooping piece 42 that is bent downward subsequently, and has a horizontal portion 43 and a rising piece 44 that is bent upward at the lower end thereof. A process of repeatedly arranging and fixing a plurality of rail-shaped metal pieces 4 having a predetermined dimension cut off at the end portion with respect to the base structure side with the face plate portion 40, and an upper end surface and a lower surface in the flat portion. A large number of small piece-like members 1 having grooves 10 and 10 ′ running in the longitudinal direction on the end surfaces, the groove 10 on the upper surface as the hanging piece 42 of the rail-shaped hardware 4, and the groove 10 ′ on the lower surface as the rising piece 44. In the corner portion, the upper surface groove 20 on the long side of the bent piece-like member 2 is formed on the hanging piece 42 of the rail-shaped hardware 4 and the groove 20 ′ on the lower surface is formed. The rising piece 44 and the respective fitting And the short side is in contact with or close to the face plate portion 40 of the rail-like hardware 4 via the notched portion 420 at the longitudinal end portion of the hanging piece 42, and the gap between the arranged small piece members A method for constructing a wall using a small piece-like member such as a brick, characterized by comprising a step of applying a joint material 8 with a rail-like hardware 4 as a base.

The face plate portion 40 has a horizontal portion 41 at the upper end thereof and a drooping piece 42 that is bent downward subsequently, and has a horizontal portion 43 and a rising piece 44 that is bent upward at the lower end thereof. A process of repeatedly arranging and fixing a plurality of rail-shaped metal pieces 4 having a predetermined dimension cut off at the end portion with respect to the base structure side with the face plate portion 40, and an upper end surface and a lower surface in the flat portion. A plurality of small piece members 1 ′ having grooves 10, 10 ′ running in the longitudinal direction on the end faces and having protrusions 11, 11 ′ running in the longitudinal direction on the front side of the grooves are formed on the grooves 10 on the upper surface. A groove 10 'on the lower surface is inserted and arranged in the hanging piece 42 of the rail-shaped hardware 4 so as to be fitted to the rising piece 44, respectively, and a joint-like portion is formed by the protrusions 11 and 11'. Is a bent piece The upper surface groove 20 on the long side of the material 2 is fitted to the hanging piece 42 of the rail-shaped hardware 4, and the groove 20 ′ on the lower surface is fitted to the rising piece 44, and the short side is the longitudinal end of the hanging piece 42. The joint-like portion is formed by the protrusions 21 and 21 ′ that are brought into contact with or close to the face plate portion 40 of the rail-like hardware 4 through the notched portion 420 and run in the longitudinal direction on the front side of the groove. A method for constructing a wall using small piece members such as bricks.

The step of fixing the strip-shaped construction guide plates 5 and 5 ′ in which the positioning protrusions 50, 50 ′, 51, 51 ′ protrude at regular intervals to the base structure and the horizontal portion are the construction guide plates The brick-like small piece member according to claim 5, further comprising a step of repeatedly arranging and fixing the positioning projections 50, 50 ′, 51, 51 ′ in contact with the positioning protrusions 50, 50 ′, 51, 51 ′. The construction method of the wall.