JP3953671B2 - Method for producing activated charcoal - Google Patents

Method for producing activated charcoal Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3953671B2
JP3953671B2 JP02671999A JP2671999A JP3953671B2 JP 3953671 B2 JP3953671 B2 JP 3953671B2 JP 02671999 A JP02671999 A JP 02671999A JP 2671999 A JP2671999 A JP 2671999A JP 3953671 B2 JP3953671 B2 JP 3953671B2
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activated charcoal
charcoal
activated
temperature carbonization
carbonized
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JP2000226207A (en
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義孝 河尻
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日の丸カーボテクノ株式会社
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
この発明は、活性化木炭の製造方法、活性化木炭、活性化木炭粉、繊維質シート、樹脂成形品および塗料に関し、通常の木炭に対して有害物質の吸着性や脱臭性、吸放湿性などの特性が付与された活性化木炭と、このような活性化木炭を用いて製造された活性化木炭粉と、このような活性化木炭粉の機能を発揮し得る各種製品に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
木炭には、ガスや蒸気に対する吸着性があり、吸放湿性、脱臭性などの機能を有していることが知られている。特に、木材の細片を炭化させてなる木材チップ炭化物は、上記のような機能に特に優れた材料となる。特許第2561433号公報には、木材チップ炭化物の具体的製造方法や利点が示されている。
【0003】
また、木炭や泥炭などの炭を塩化亜鉛や燐酸などの薬剤で処理して吸着性などの機能を向上させた活性炭も知られている。薬剤を用いて活性化処理を行った活性炭は、通常の木炭に比べて、吸着性が向上し、特に特定成分に対する選択的な吸着性に優れたものとなる。
前記した木炭および活性炭は、一般住宅や工場などの各種環境下において、有害なガス成分や悪臭の吸着除去に広く利用されている。また、近年、木炭や活性炭を担持させた紙や布、あるいは、木炭や活性炭を含有する樹脂で成形されたシートなどが開発され、前記した木炭や活性炭の機能を有効に発揮できる素材として、各種製品に利用されている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
前記した活性炭は、通常の木炭に比べて、特定の有害成分に対する選択的な吸着性や除去効果には優れているのであるが、有害成分の種類によっては吸着性に乏しい場合がある。
通常の使用環境においては、単一の有害成分だけが存在する環境は少なく、複数の有害成分が混在している場合がほとんどである。例えば、住宅の室内には、建材などから放出されるホルムアルデヒド、アンモニア、硫化水素その他、数多くの化学物質からなる有害成分が存在している。従来の活性炭の場合、そのうちの何れか1種に対する吸着性には優れていても、全ての有害成分を実用的に十分な程度に吸着できるものではなかった。
【0005】
前記した薬剤による活性化処理を行った活性炭には、処理薬剤の成分が含まれているため、使用環境に処理薬剤が漏出して環境汚染を引き起こす心配がある。また、活性炭の吸放湿性機能を果たしている微細孔構造が、処理薬剤で埋められたり覆われたりするために、活性炭そのものが有していた吸放湿性などの特性が低下してしまうという問題も発生する。
【0006】
さらに、従来の活性炭および木炭は何れも、有害ガスなどに接触してから吸着除去が進行するまでの立ち上がり時間が比較的長くかかるため、例えば、室内の空気に含まれる有害成分を除去しようとしても直ぐには効果が発現しないという問題もある。
本発明の課題は、数多くの化合物に対して優れた吸着性を発揮し、吸放湿性などの木炭が本来有していた機能についても優れた性能が発揮できる活性化木炭を提供することである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明にかかる活性化木炭の製造方法は、木材チップを450〜550℃で熱処理して炭化させる低温炭化工程と、低温炭化工程に引き続いて、木材チップの炭化物を800〜900℃、480〜960秒で熱処理して、さらに炭化させる高温炭化工程と、高温炭化工程の終了時点で、炭化物に水を接触させる活性化工程とを含む。
【0008】
〔木材チップ〕
木材の細片すなわちチップである。木材チップの原木としては、主に、杉材、ヒマラヤ杉材、赤松材等の針葉樹材が用いられ、特に赤松材が好ましい。木材製品として利用し難く安価な細い木材や廃材を利用することができる。パルプ製造やボード建材の原料として大量に工業生産されている木材チップ製品を用いることもできる。
【0009】
木材チップの形状および寸法は特に限定されないが、木材チップの差し渡し径を測ったときに、その最大径が10〜60mmのものが好ましい。大き過ぎる木材チップは十分な炭化を行い難く、小さ過ぎる木材チップは取扱い難く、製造歩留りも悪い。
〔低温炭化工程〕
基本的には、通常の木炭製造装置および製造処理条件を採用すればよい。熱処理の温度を450〜550℃に設定する。熱処理時間は、木材チップの全体が十分に炭化される程度で良く、木材チップあるいは製造装置の条件によっても異なるが、通常は100〜120時間をかけて処理される。
【0010】
熱処理雰囲気は、空気の流入を遮断した状態で行う。モミ殻やオガクズで木材チップを覆った状態で処理することができる。
〔高温炭化工程〕
基本的には、通常の木炭製造装置および製造処理条件を採用し、熱処理の温度を800〜900℃、熱処理時間を480〜960秒に設定する。
【0011】
高温炭化工程では、前工程で低温炭化された木材チップ炭化物の表面に近い一部分のみを高温炭化し、木材チップ炭化物の中心部分には低温炭化部分を残しておく。
処理時間によって、得られる活性化木炭に含まれる高温炭化部分と低温炭化部分との比率が調整される。処理時間が短すぎたり長すぎたりすると、高温炭化部分と低温炭化部分とのそれぞれの特性が十分に発揮できない。
【0012】
前記低温炭化工程と同じ装置で、熱処理温度を上昇させることで、低温炭化された木材チップ炭化物をそのまま高温炭化させることが好ましい。
熱処理雰囲気は、酸素を供給した状態にする。
〔活性化工程〕
高温炭化工程で熱処理を行った炭化物に水を接触させると、炭化物は急速に冷却されて消火する。その際に、水の化学的および物理的な作用によって、炭化物に複雑な形状の微細孔が形成されたり、炭化物の表面が改質されて吸着能などが向上したりする活性化が行われる。
【0013】
なお、水は液体状態であってもよいが、通常は水蒸気状態で炭化物に接触することになる。
活性化工程の具体的処理装置や処理条件は、既知の活性炭製造技術において行われている水との接触処理と同様でよい。
〔活性化木炭〕
本発明の製造方法で得られる活性化木炭は、内部に多数の微細孔を有する多孔質構造であり、この微細孔による物理的な吸着作用を有するとともに、微細孔の表面が化学的あるいは物理的に活性化されていて高い吸着能を発揮する。前記製造方法から判るように、活性化木炭は、原料となる木材チップ以外の添加剤や活性化処理剤を使用する必要がない。
【0014】
活性化木炭は、吸着能に優れ、吸放湿性、脱臭性、防黴性、遠赤外線放射性、導電性、電磁波吸収性、イオン調整機能などに優れている。活性化木炭の吸着能は、吸着物質と接触したときの立ち上がり速度が大きい。また、吸着物質を分解する作用があるため、活性化木炭の微細孔に吸着物質が詰まって吸着能が低下することが防げ、長期間にわたって安定した吸着能を発揮できる。
【0015】
活性化木炭には、低温炭化工程で炭化された低温炭化部分と、高温炭化工程でさらに炭化された高温炭化部分とが混在している。通常は、中心側に低温炭化部分、外周側に高温炭化部分が存在する。
低温炭化部分は、酢酸やアンモニアなどの比較的高分子量の化合物に対する吸着性が優れている。高温炭化部分は、ホルムアルデヒド、アセトアルデヒド、エチレンなどの比較的低分子量の化合物に対する吸着性に優れている。活性化木炭は、低温炭化部分と高温炭化部分の機能や役目を相乗的に発揮させることができる。
【0016】
〔活性化木炭粉〕
活性化木炭を粉砕して活性化木炭粉にすることで、吸着機能などがより高まるとともに、他の材料に対する担持や含有の処理が行い易くなる。
粉砕装置および粉砕条件は、通常の木炭粉の製造技術が適用できる。
活性化木炭粉を粒径5mm以下に粉砕するのが好ましい。粒径が小さいほど、単位重量当たりの表面積が大きくなり、表面性状に基づく諸特性が向上する。
【0017】
前記したように低温炭化部分と高温炭化部分とが混在する活性化木炭を粉砕した活性化木炭粉にも、低温炭化部分と高温炭化部分とが混在する。個々の活性化木炭に低温炭化部分と高温炭化部分が存在することが好ましいが、低温炭化部分からなる活性化木炭粉と高温炭化部分からなる活性化木炭粉とが均一に分散していてもよい。
【0018】
〔使用用途〕
活性化木炭は、そのままで、あるいは通気性を有する容器や袋に収容した状態で、調湿用品、脱臭用品、有害物質除去用品などとして利用される。建築土木施工の際に床下に敷設して環境改善に使用したり、水槽の底に敷設して水質改善に利用したり、液体や気体の配管経路中に装着して有害成分の除去装置として用いたりすることができる。その他、通常の木炭あるいは活性炭の使用用途に利用することができる。
【0019】
活性化木炭粉も同様の用途に利用されるほか、繊維質シートに担持させたり、樹脂成形品に含有させたりして利用することができる。
繊維質シートは、紙や繊維、不織布が用いられる。活性化木炭粉を繊維からなる糸に担持させて、この糸を使って編織布を製造することもできる。
活性化木炭粉を、粉状または液状の樹脂材料に混合しておき、この樹脂を用いて各種の成形品を製造することができる。成形品は、フィルム、シートあるいは立体的な物品に適用できる。樹脂100重量部に対して、活性化木炭粉を3〜50重量部の割合で配合するのが好ましい。活性化木炭粉が多過ぎると、機械的強度などの樹脂の特性が低下したり、成形加工が困難になる。樹脂に対する活性化木炭粉の親和性を高め均一な分散を促進するために、樹脂100重量部に0.5〜10重量部程度の界面活性剤を添加しておくことができる。
【0020】
活性化木炭粉を含有する樹脂製品の具体例として、遠赤外線放射特性に優れていることから農園芸用シート、マット材、保温シートなどが挙げられる。調湿材料として、建築用、工業用、農業用に利用できる。防臭特性に優れていることから消臭用シートに利用できる。野菜、果物、切り花などの鮮度保持シート、鮮度保持用成形品に利用できる。帯電(静電気)防止用成形品として利用できる。電磁波遮蔽特性に優れていることから、電子機器の誤動作防止対策やテレビやラジオなどへの干渉予防対策、携帯電話からの電磁波の放出防止対策などに利用する電磁波シールド材に利用したり、半導体分野で利用したりすることができる。
【0021】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明にかかる活性化木炭の製造方法で活性化木炭を製造し、その性能を評価した。
〔活性化木炭の製造〕
(a) 赤松材をチップ化(最大差し渡し径10〜50mm、厚さ3〜5mm)して炭材を得た。
【0022】
(b) 100m平窯に炭材を入れ、500℃で約140時間かけて炭材を炭化させた。この段階が低温炭化工程である。
(c) 前工程の終了後、窯全体の炭材を撹拌することで急激に酸素を与え、次いで温度を850℃に上昇させて480〜960秒内の時間をかけて十分に精錬を行った。この段階が、高温炭化工程である。
【0023】
(d) 前工程の終了後、水をかけて消火させた。この処理によって活性化行われ、活性化木炭が得られる。
このようにして得られた活性化木炭は、組織の結着密度が高く、固いものである。炭素率は85%以上であった。
なお、比較のために、前記(b) 工程の後で、(c) 工程を行わずに、酸素を遮断して消火させて木炭を得た。この比較例の木炭は、一般に用いられている木炭と同じものである。前記(c) (d) 工程を経て得られる本発明の実施例に比べて、非常に柔らかくもろいものであった。炭素率は70%以下であった。
〔活性化木炭粉の製造〕
前工程で得られた実施例の活性化木炭と比較例の通常木炭とを、通常の粉砕装置を用いて粒径200μm以下に粉砕した。
〔活性化木炭の特性〕
得られた活性化木炭および通常木炭の特性を比較する。各試験項目は、常法により実施した。
【0024】
吸放湿性:
試料の重量W0 を測定する。つぎに、温度25℃、湿度90%の環境に2時間維持し、試験後の重量W1 を測定して、試験前後の重量変化(W1 −W0 )/W0 を吸湿率%とした。つぎに、試料を、温度25℃、湿度55%の環境に2時間維持し、試験前後の重量変化(W2 −W1 )/W0 を放湿率%とした。
【0025】
吸着能:
ガラス製容器(11.4リットル)に試料3gを入れ、試験ガスを注入して容器内の環境を初濃度に設定した。容器内の環境を攪拌しながら所定時間(120分)おいたあと、容器内のガス濃度を測定した。
吸脱着性:
試験ガスを所定濃度注入した20℃±5℃の試験環境に、試料1.0gを10時間放置したあと、試料を試験環境から取り出して14時間放置した。この操作を2回繰り返した。試験前後の重量変化から試料に残留する試験ガスの割合を求めた。
【0026】
【表1】

Figure 0003953671
上記測定の結果、本発明の実施例は比較例に比べて、比表面積が大きく吸放湿性に優れていることが明らかである。
【0027】
吸脱着性試験の結果によると、本発明の実施例では、一旦ガス成分を吸着しても、その後に環境中のガスが無くなると、ガス成分が吸着されたままにはなり難いことが判る。これは、一旦吸着されたガス成分を環境に放出する作用があるだけでなく、吸着されたガス成分を分解してしまう作用もあるものと推定できる。その結果、吸脱着を繰り返しても機能が低下し難いという利点が発揮できる。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
本発明のかかる活性化木炭の製造方法では、低温炭化工程と高温炭化工程とを組み合わせ、さらに水による活性化工程を組み合わせることで、吸着能の非常に優れた活性化木炭を効率的に得ることができる。通常の木炭製造装置および処理技術を組み合わせているため、特別な製造設備は必要ない。
【0029】
活性化木炭は、吸着能が高く、吸放湿性や脱臭性に優れており、特に、様々な有害成分に対して十分な吸着除去性能を発揮できる。吸着能を発揮する立ち上がり時間が短いため、有害成分を迅速に吸着除去することができる。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a method for producing activated charcoal, activated charcoal, activated charcoal powder, a fibrous sheet, a resin molded product, and a paint, and the like. The present invention relates to activated charcoal imparted with the above characteristics, activated charcoal powder produced using such activated charcoal, and various products capable of exhibiting the function of such activated charcoal powder.
[0002]
[Prior art]
It is known that charcoal has adsorptivity to gas and steam and has functions such as moisture absorption and desorption and deodorization. In particular, a wood chip carbide obtained by carbonizing a small piece of wood is a material that is particularly excellent in the above functions. Japanese Patent No. 2561433 discloses a specific manufacturing method and advantages of wood chip carbide.
[0003]
Further, activated carbon is known in which charcoal such as charcoal and peat is treated with chemicals such as zinc chloride and phosphoric acid to improve functions such as adsorptivity. Activated carbon that has been activated using a chemical has improved adsorptivity compared to ordinary charcoal, and is particularly excellent in selective adsorptivity to a specific component.
The above-described charcoal and activated carbon are widely used for adsorbing and removing harmful gas components and malodors in various environments such as ordinary houses and factories. In recent years, paper and cloth carrying charcoal and activated carbon, or sheets formed of resin containing charcoal and activated carbon have been developed. Various materials can be used as the materials that can effectively demonstrate the functions of charcoal and activated carbon. Used in products.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The above-mentioned activated carbon is superior in selective adsorptivity and removal effect on specific harmful components as compared with normal charcoal, but may have poor adsorptivity depending on the type of harmful components.
In a normal use environment, there are few environments where only a single harmful component exists, and a plurality of harmful components are often mixed. For example, there are harmful components composed of many chemical substances such as formaldehyde, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, etc. released from building materials in the interior of a house. In the case of conventional activated carbon, even if it has excellent adsorptivity to any one of them, it has not been able to adsorb all harmful components to a practically sufficient level.
[0005]
Since the activated carbon that has been activated by the above-described chemicals contains components of the chemicals for treatment, there is a concern that the chemicals for treatment may leak into the environment of use and cause environmental pollution. In addition, since the microporous structure that performs the moisture absorption / release function of activated carbon is buried or covered with the treatment chemical, the characteristics such as the moisture absorption / release characteristics that the activated carbon itself has deteriorated. appear.
[0006]
Furthermore, since both the conventional activated carbon and charcoal take a relatively long rise time from contact with harmful gas until adsorption removal proceeds, for example, even if trying to remove harmful components contained in indoor air There is also a problem that the effect does not appear immediately.
An object of the present invention is to provide an activated charcoal that exhibits excellent adsorptivity to a large number of compounds and that can exhibit excellent performance with respect to functions originally possessed by charcoal such as moisture absorption and desorption. .
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The method for producing activated charcoal according to the present invention includes a low-temperature carbonization step in which wood chips are carbonized by heat treatment at 450 to 550 ° C., and a low-temperature carbonization step followed by 800 to 900 ° C. and 480 to 960 in carbides of wood chips. A high-temperature carbonization step in which heat treatment is performed in seconds and further carbonized, and an activation step in which water is brought into contact with the carbide at the end of the high-temperature carbonization step.
[0008]
[Wood chips]
A piece or chip of wood. As raw wood for wood chips, mainly coniferous materials such as cedar, Himalayan cedar and red pine are used, and red pine is particularly preferable. It is possible to use thin wood and waste materials that are difficult to use as wood products and inexpensive. Wood chip products that are industrially produced in large quantities can also be used as raw materials for pulp production and board building materials.
[0009]
The shape and dimensions of the wood chip are not particularly limited, but the wood chip having a maximum diameter of 10 to 60 mm is preferable when the passing diameter of the wood chip is measured. Wood chips that are too large are difficult to carbonize sufficiently, and wood chips that are too small are difficult to handle and have poor production yields.
[Low temperature carbonization process]
Basically, a normal charcoal manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing process conditions may be employed. The temperature of heat processing is set to 450-550 degreeC. The heat treatment time may be such that the entire wood chip is sufficiently carbonized, and usually varies depending on the conditions of the wood chip or the manufacturing apparatus, but usually takes 100 to 120 hours.
[0010]
The heat treatment atmosphere is performed in a state where the inflow of air is blocked. It can be treated with wood chips covered with fir shells and sawdust.
[High temperature carbonization process]
Basically, a normal charcoal manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing process conditions are adopted, and the heat treatment temperature is set to 800 to 900 ° C. and the heat treatment time is set to 480 to 960 seconds.
[0011]
In the high-temperature carbonization step, only a portion near the surface of the wood chip carbide that has been low-temperature carbonized in the previous step is high-temperature carbonized, and the low-temperature carbonization portion is left in the central portion of the wood chip carbide.
The ratio of the high temperature carbonization part and the low temperature carbonization part contained in the activated charcoal obtained is adjusted by processing time. If the treatment time is too short or too long, the respective characteristics of the high temperature carbonized portion and the low temperature carbonized portion cannot be sufficiently exhibited.
[0012]
It is preferable that the wood chip carbide that has been carbonized at low temperature is carbonized as it is by increasing the heat treatment temperature in the same apparatus as the low-temperature carbonization step.
The heat treatment atmosphere is in a state where oxygen is supplied.
[Activation process]
When water is brought into contact with the carbide that has been heat-treated in the high-temperature carbonization process, the carbide is rapidly cooled and extinguished. At that time, activation is performed by chemical and physical action of water such that fine pores having a complicated shape are formed in the carbide, or the surface of the carbide is modified to improve the adsorption ability.
[0013]
Although water may be in a liquid state, it usually comes into contact with the carbide in a water vapor state.
The specific treatment apparatus and treatment conditions of the activation step may be the same as the contact treatment with water that is performed in a known activated carbon production technique.
[Activated charcoal]
The activated charcoal obtained by the production method of the present invention has a porous structure having a large number of micropores inside, has a physical adsorption action by the micropores, and the surface of the micropores is chemically or physically It is activated and exhibits high adsorption ability. As can be seen from the above production method, activated charcoal does not require the use of additives or activation treatment agents other than wood chips as raw materials.
[0014]
Activated charcoal is excellent in adsorptive capacity, and is excellent in moisture absorption / desorption, deodorization, mildew resistance, far-infrared radiation, conductivity, electromagnetic wave absorption, ion adjustment function, and the like. The activated charcoal adsorbing ability has a large rising speed when it comes into contact with the adsorbing substance. Moreover, since it has the effect | action which decomposes | disassembles an adsorbent substance, it can prevent that an adsorbent substance clogs into the micropore of activated charcoal, and adsorbability falls, and can exhibit stable adsorbability over a long period of time.
[0015]
The activated charcoal contains a mixture of a low temperature carbonized portion carbonized in the low temperature carbonization step and a high temperature carbonized portion further carbonized in the high temperature carbonization step. Usually, there is a low-temperature carbonized portion on the center side and a high-temperature carbonized portion on the outer peripheral side.
The low-temperature carbonized portion has excellent adsorptivity to relatively high molecular weight compounds such as acetic acid and ammonia. The high-temperature carbonized portion is excellent in adsorptivity to relatively low molecular weight compounds such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and ethylene. The activated charcoal can synergistically exhibit the functions and roles of the low temperature carbonized portion and the high temperature carbonized portion.
[0016]
[Activated charcoal powder]
By pulverizing the activated charcoal to obtain activated charcoal powder, the adsorption function and the like are further enhanced, and it becomes easy to carry and support other materials.
As the pulverizing apparatus and pulverizing conditions, a normal charcoal powder manufacturing technique can be applied.
The activated charcoal powder is preferably pulverized to a particle size of 5 mm or less. The smaller the particle size, the larger the surface area per unit weight and the various properties based on the surface properties are improved.
[0017]
As described above, the activated charcoal powder obtained by pulverizing the activated charcoal in which the low-temperature carbonized portion and the high-temperature carbonized portion coexist also contains the low-temperature carbonized portion and the high-temperature carbonized portion. It is preferable that each activated charcoal has a low-temperature carbonized portion and a high-temperature carbonized portion, but the activated charcoal powder composed of the low-temperature carbonized portion and the activated charcoal powder composed of the high-temperature carbonized portion may be uniformly dispersed. .
[0018]
〔Use applications〕
The activated charcoal is used as a humidity conditioning product, a deodorizing product, a hazardous substance removing product, or the like as it is or in a state where it is contained in a container or bag having air permeability. Used for improving the environment by laying under the floor during construction work, or for improving the water quality by laying it at the bottom of a water tank, or as a device for removing harmful components by installing it in a liquid or gas piping route Can be. In addition, it can be used for ordinary charcoal or activated carbon.
[0019]
The activated charcoal powder can be used for the same purpose, or can be used by being supported on a fibrous sheet or contained in a resin molded product.
Paper, fiber, and nonwoven fabric are used for the fibrous sheet. The activated charcoal powder is supported on a yarn made of fibers, and a knitted fabric can be produced using this yarn.
Activated charcoal powder is mixed with a powdered or liquid resin material, and various molded products can be produced using this resin. The molded product can be applied to a film, a sheet, or a three-dimensional article. It is preferable to blend the activated charcoal powder at a ratio of 3 to 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin. When there are too many activated charcoal powders, the characteristics of resin, such as mechanical strength, will fall, or shaping will become difficult. In order to enhance the affinity of the activated charcoal powder for the resin and promote uniform dispersion, about 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of a surfactant can be added to 100 parts by weight of the resin.
[0020]
Specific examples of resin products containing activated charcoal powder include agricultural and horticultural sheets, mat materials, and heat insulating sheets because of their excellent far-infrared radiation characteristics. As humidity conditioning material, it can be used for architectural, industrial, and agricultural purposes. Since it has excellent deodorizing properties, it can be used as a deodorizing sheet. It can be used for freshness-keeping sheets such as vegetables, fruits and cut flowers, and molded products for keeping freshness. It can be used as a molded product for preventing electrification (static electricity). Because of its excellent electromagnetic shielding properties, it can be used as an electromagnetic shielding material used to prevent malfunctions in electronic devices, prevent interference with televisions, radios, etc., and prevent electromagnetic waves from being emitted from mobile phones. And can be used.
[0021]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The activated charcoal was manufactured with the manufacturing method of the activated charcoal concerning this invention, and the performance was evaluated.
[Production of activated charcoal]
(a) Red pine wood was chipped (maximum delivery diameter 10-50 mm, thickness 3-5 mm) to obtain a carbonaceous material.
[0022]
(b) Carbon material was put into a 100 m 3 flat kiln and carbonized at 500 ° C. for about 140 hours. This stage is a low temperature carbonization process.
(c) After the completion of the previous step, oxygen was rapidly given by stirring the charcoal of the entire kiln, and then the temperature was raised to 850 ° C. and sufficiently refined over a period of 480 to 960 seconds . . This stage is a high temperature carbonization process.
[0023]
(d) After completion of the previous step, water was extinguished to extinguish the fire. Activation is performed by this treatment, and activated charcoal is obtained.
The activated charcoal thus obtained has a high tissue binding density and is hard. The carbon ratio was 85% or more.
For comparison, after the step (b) , without performing the step (c) , oxygen was cut off and the fire was extinguished to obtain charcoal. The charcoal of this comparative example is the same as the charcoal generally used. Compared with the Example of this invention obtained through the said (c) (d) process, it was very soft and brittle. The carbon ratio was 70% or less.
[Production of activated charcoal powder]
The activated charcoal of the example obtained in the previous step and the normal charcoal of the comparative example were pulverized to a particle size of 200 μm or less using a normal pulverizer.
[Characteristics of activated charcoal]
The characteristics of the obtained activated charcoal and normal charcoal are compared. Each test item was carried out by a conventional method.
[0024]
Hygroscopicity:
The weight W 0 of the sample is measured. Next, the temperature was maintained at 25 ° C. and a humidity of 90% for 2 hours, the weight W 1 after the test was measured, and the weight change (W 1 −W 0 ) / W 0 before and after the test was defined as the moisture absorption rate%. . Next, the sample was maintained in an environment of a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 55% for 2 hours, and the weight change (W 2 −W 1 ) / W 0 before and after the test was defined as the moisture release rate%.
[0025]
Adsorption capacity:
A 3 g sample was placed in a glass container (11.4 liters), and a test gas was injected to set the environment in the container to the initial concentration. After stirring the environment in the container for a predetermined time (120 minutes), the gas concentration in the container was measured.
Adsorption / desorption:
After a sample of 1.0 g was allowed to stand for 10 hours in a test environment of 20 ° C. ± 5 ° C. into which a predetermined concentration of test gas was injected, the sample was removed from the test environment and left for 14 hours. This operation was repeated twice. The ratio of the test gas remaining in the sample was determined from the weight change before and after the test.
[0026]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003953671
As a result of the above measurement, it is clear that the examples of the present invention have a large specific surface area and excellent moisture absorption / release properties as compared with the comparative examples.
[0027]
According to the results of the adsorption / desorption test, it can be seen that in the example of the present invention, once the gas component is adsorbed, it is difficult for the gas component to remain adsorbed when there is no gas in the environment thereafter. It can be estimated that this not only has the effect of releasing the once adsorbed gas component to the environment, but also has the effect of decomposing the adsorbed gas component. As a result, it is possible to exhibit the advantage that the function is hardly lowered even if the adsorption / desorption is repeated.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
In the method for producing activated charcoal according to the present invention, an activated charcoal having an excellent adsorption ability can be efficiently obtained by combining a low temperature carbonization step and a high temperature carbonization step, and further combining an activation step with water. Can do. No special production equipment is required because of the combination of ordinary charcoal production equipment and processing technology.
[0029]
Activated charcoal has a high adsorptive capacity and is excellent in moisture absorption / desorption and deodorization, and in particular, can exhibit sufficient adsorption removal performance for various harmful components. Since the rise time for exhibiting the adsorption ability is short, harmful components can be quickly adsorbed and removed.

Claims (3)

木材チップを450〜550℃で熱処理して炭化させる低温炭化工程と、
前記低温炭化工程に引き続いて、前記木材チップの炭化物を800〜900℃、480〜960秒で熱処理して、さらに炭化させる高温炭化工程と、
前記高温炭化工程の終了時点で、前記炭化物に水を接触させる活性化工程と
を含む活性化木炭の製造方法。
A low-temperature carbonization step in which wood chips are carbonized by heat treatment at 450 to 550 ° C .;
Subsequent to the low-temperature carbonization step, the wood chip carbide is heat-treated at 800 to 900 ° C. at 480 to 960 seconds, and further carbonized, and
An activation step of bringing water into contact with the carbide at the end of the high temperature carbonization step ;
Including, method for producing activated charcoal.
前記木材チップが、最大差し渡し径10〜60mmの赤松材からなる木材チップである請求項1に記載の活性化木炭の製造方法。The wood chips is a wood chips consisting Akamatsu material up distance across the diameter 10 to 60 mm, methods for manufacturing activated charcoal according to claim 1. 請求項1の方法で得られた活性化木炭を粒径5mm以下に粉砕して活性化木炭粉を得る活性化木炭の製造方法。Obtaining an activated charcoal powder activated charcoal obtained by the method of claim 1 was pulverized below particle size 5 mm, the manufacturing method of the activated charcoal.
JP02671999A 1999-02-03 1999-02-03 Method for producing activated charcoal Expired - Lifetime JP3953671B2 (en)

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