JP3953658B2 - Tree crusher - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a tree pulverizer that pulverizes a felled tree or a pruned tree branch into chips.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A tree crusher for crushing felled trees and pruned tree branches into chips is generally equipped with an input port for supplying objects to be crushed, such as trees and tree branches, and a crusher for crushing objects to be crushed. And a feeding device that feeds the object to be crushed charged from the charging port into the pulverizing device.
[0003]
In a conventional tree pulverizer, the pulverizer is driven by transmitting engine power with a mechanical power transmission device such as a belt or a clutch.
On the other hand, the feed device is driven by a hydraulic motor by converting engine power into oil pressure by a hydraulic pump and supplying the oil pressure to the hydraulic motor. The drive line of the hydraulic motor is provided with a direction control valve and a flow rate adjustment valve. The direction control valve controls the start and stop of forward and reverse rotation of the feed device, and the flow rate adjustment valve controls the feed rate of the feed device. Is adjusted.
[0004]
This tree pulverizer is equipped with an automatic feed control device that temporarily stops feeding the material to be crushed by the feeding device when the crushing device is overloaded, and waits for the load to be reduced to resume feeding. It has been. The automatic feed control device determines an overload state of the pulverizer based on a decrease in the rotational speed of an engine mechanically connected to the pulverizer. Specifically, engine speed conditions for temporarily stopping and resuming feed are set in advance, the engine speed is detected by a rotation sensor such as an electromagnetic pickup or tachometer, and the detected value is compared with a preset value. Thus, the control signal is output to an electromagnetic switching valve provided in the drive line of the hydraulic motor.
[0005]
There are two types of tree crushers: a stationary type that collects objects to be crushed and pulverizes them at a predetermined place, and a self-propelled type that has a traveling device so that it can be moved to the place where the crushed objects are generated and crushed. is there. As the traveling device, a crawler type is generally used from the situation of the use site.
[0006]
The self-propelled dendritic crusher is configured to switch the power of one engine between driving of the crushing device and driving of the traveling device via a mechanical power transmission device, or a unique traveling device Some have a power source.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, if the crushing device is mechanically driven, the automatic feed control device determines that the crushing device is overloaded when hard foreign matter enters the crushing device or large pieces of wood are caught. Even if the feeding device is temporarily stopped, the load on the crushing device is not reduced. Therefore, the engine may be stopped or the power transmission device may be damaged by a biting shock.
[0008]
Moreover, the automatic feed control device requires a rotation sensor and an arithmetic control means for outputting a control signal by comparing the detected value with a preset value, and is highly reliable and easy to check at the time of failure. It must be expensive.
[0009]
In addition, in a self-propelled dendritic crusher, if the power of one engine is switched between driving of the crushing device and driving of the traveling device via a mechanical power transmission device, the structure becomes complicated. If the traveling device has its own power source, a plurality of prime movers and accessory devices are required, which is uneconomical.
[0010]
If the tree pulverizer is used only seasonally and is not frequently used, the tree pulverizer is mounted on a work vehicle such as a construction machine or a truck with a crane only when necessary, and the work vehicle is used as a traveling device. It is convenient to use it so that the grinding device and the feeding device can be driven by the power of the work vehicle. However, if the crusher is mechanically driven, it is difficult to use the power of the work vehicle.
[0011]
This invention solves the above-mentioned problem in the tree pulverizer, and even when a hard foreign matter is mixed in the pulverizer or a large piece of wood is caught, the engine is stopped or the power transmission device is damaged. It is an object of the present invention to provide a highly reliable branch crusher that does not require an expensive automatic feed control device and is easy to control.
[0012]
In addition, there is no need to switch the engine output with a mechanical power transmission device during traveling and grinding operations, the structure is simple, and there is no need to provide a prime mover dedicated to the traveling device. The purpose is to provide.
[0013]
It is another object of the present invention to provide a dendrite crusher that can use a work vehicle such as a construction vehicle or a crane-equipped truck as a traveling device as needed, and can drive the crushing device and the feeding device with the power of the work vehicle. .
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, there are provided an inlet for feeding a material to be crushed, a pulverizing device for pulverizing the material to be crushed, and a feeding device for feeding the material to be crushed from the inlet into the pulverizing device. In the provided tree crusher, a crushing hydraulic motor for driving the crushing device and a feeding hydraulic motor for driving the feeding device are provided, and the drive line of the crushing hydraulic motor is operated in an overloaded state of the crushing device. A relief valve and a pressure switch that operates at a pressure slightly lower than the set pressure of the relief valve are provided, and an electromagnetic switching valve that is switched to the unload side by the operation of the pressure switch is provided in the drive line of the feed hydraulic motor. Yes.
[0015]
In this dendrimer crusher, when the load of the crusher increases, the hydraulic pressure of the drive line of the crushing hydraulic motor rises and the pressure switch is activated, and the electromagnetic switching valve is switched to the unload side, thereby temporarily depending on the feeding device. Stop feeding the material to be crushed. When the load is reduced, the hydraulic pressure in the drive line of the crushing hydraulic motor decreases, so that the pressure switch switches the electromagnetic switching valve to the load side and resumes feeding.
[0016]
If a hard foreign object is mixed in the pulverizer or a large piece of wood is caught, even if the feeder is temporarily stopped, the load on the pulverizer is not reduced, and the drive line of the hydraulic motor for pulverization Although the hydraulic pressure further increases, the relief valve is activated when the set pressure is reached, so that the engine is not stopped and the power transmission device is not damaged by the biting shock.
[0017]
Thus, an expensive automatic feed control device is unnecessary, and since the control is simple, the reliability is high.
In addition, as a self-propelled dendritic crusher, a traveling device driven by a traveling hydraulic motor is provided, and a driving line of the traveling hydraulic motor has a hydraulic source in a neutral state. If a travel control valve is provided that communicates with the drive line of the feed hydraulic motor, the power of one engine is driven for driving the travel device and driving of the crushing device and the feed device simply by switching the travel control valve. It is economical because a plurality of prime movers and auxiliary devices are not required.
[0018]
Furthermore, when the tree crusher is mounted on a work vehicle equipped with a hydraulic source, and the drive line of the crushing hydraulic motor and the drive line of the feed hydraulic motor are connected to the hydraulic source of the work vehicle, Using the work vehicle as a traveling device, the pulverizing device and the feeding device can be driven by the power of the work vehicle.
[0019]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a side view showing a configuration of a dendrite crusher according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a hydraulic circuit diagram of the dendrite crusher.
[0020]
This dendrimer pulverizer 1 includes an inlet 2 for feeding the material Z to be crushed, a pulverizing device 3 for pulverizing the material Z to be crushed, and a feed for feeding the material Z to be crushed from the inlet 1 into the pulverizing device 3. The charging port 2, the feeding device 4, and the pulverizing device 3 are disposed on the base frame 5.
[0021]
The feeding device 4 includes a feeding drum 41 that is driven by a feeding hydraulic motor 11, and the material to be crushed Z such as a felled tree or a pruned tree branch that is fed from the insertion port 1 is fed to the feeding drum 41. Is fed into the pulverizing apparatus 3.
[0022]
The pulverizing apparatus 3 includes a cutter wheel 32 having several cutter knives 31 for shearing and grinding the object to be crushed Z, and further pulverizing the object to be crushed and sheared by the cutter knife 31. And a fan blade 34 for discharging the crushed chips out of the pulverizing apparatus 3 by wind power. The cutter wheel 32, the hammer knife 33, and the fan blade 34 are attached to a common rotating shaft 35, and high speed rotation is given by the crushing hydraulic motor 12.
[0023]
A chip discharge pipe 36 is provided at the top of the crushing device 3. Adjacent to the pulverizing apparatus 3, a power housing 7 including auxiliary devices such as an engine 13, a pulverizing hydraulic pump 14, and a feeding hydraulic pump 15 is disposed on the base frame 5.
[0024]
A grinding hydraulic pump 14 and a feeding hydraulic pump 15 are connected to the output shaft of the engine 13. The crushing hydraulic pump 14 has a suction side connected to a tank 16 and a discharge side connected to a drive line 17 of the crushing hydraulic motor 12. A crushing control valve 18 is provided in the drive line 17 of the crushing hydraulic motor 12. The crushing control valve 18 is a two-position manual operation switching valve. By operating the lever, pressure oil from the crushing hydraulic pump 14 is supplied to the crushing hydraulic motor 12 or unloaded to the return line 19 side. You can switch what to do. Accordingly, the operation of the crushing control valve 18 controls the start and stop of the crushing hydraulic motor 12.
[0025]
The feed hydraulic pump 15 has a suction side connected to the tank 16 and a discharge side connected to a drive line 21 of the feed hydraulic motor 11. A flow control valve 22 and a feed control valve 23 are provided in the drive line 21 of the feed hydraulic motor 11. The feed control valve 23 is a three-position manual operation switching valve. By operating the lever, the pressure oil from the feed hydraulic pump 15 is supplied to the forward rotation side or the reverse rotation side of the crushing hydraulic motor 12 or returned. It is possible to switch whether to unload to the pipeline 24 side. Therefore, by operating the feed control valve 23, the forward rotation, reverse rotation start and stop of the feed hydraulic motor 11 are controlled.
[0026]
Since the flow rate adjusting valve 22 can adjust the flow rate of the pressure oil to the feed control valve 23 side by turning its dial, the chip to be crushed by adjusting the rotational speed of the feed drum 41 of the feed device 4 The size of can be changed.
[0027]
Here, a relief valve 20 is provided between the drive line 17 and the return line 19 of the crushing hydraulic motor 12, and the relief valve 20 operates when the pressure in the drive line 17 becomes equal to or higher than the set pressure. Thus, the pressure oil discharged from the crushing hydraulic pump 14 is released to the tank 16.
[0028]
In addition, a pressure switch 25 that operates at a pressure slightly lower than the set pressure of the relief valve 20 is provided in the drive line 17 of the crushing hydraulic motor 12.
Further, an electromagnetic switching valve 26 that is switched to the unload side by the operation of the pressure switch 25 is provided in the drive line 21 of the feed hydraulic motor 11.
[0029]
When the object to be crushed Z such as a felled tree or a pruned tree branch is input to the input port 2, the tree pulverizer 1 sends the object to be crushed Z into the pulverizer 3 by the feeding device 4. The powder is pulverized into chips by the pulverizer 3 and discharged from the discharge pipe 36.
[0030]
When the load on the pulverizing apparatus 3 increases during the pulverizing operation, the hydraulic pressure of the drive line 17 of the pulverizing hydraulic motor 12 increases, the pressure switch 25 is activated and switched to the contact NO side, and the control circuit 27 is closed to electromagnetically. Since the solenoid of the switching valve 26 is excited, the electromagnetic switching valve 26 is switched to the unload side. Therefore, the feeding of the object to be crushed Z by the feeding device 3 is temporarily stopped.
[0031]
When the load is reduced, the hydraulic pressure of the drive line 17 of the crushing hydraulic motor 12 decreases. The pressure at which the pressure switch 25 returns to the contact NC side is set to the condition value for restarting the feed. When the hydraulic pressure in the drive line 17 decreases to this condition value, the solenoid of the electromagnetic switching valve 26 is demagnetized. The electromagnetic switching valve 26 is switched to the load side, and feeding is resumed.
[0032]
As described above, since the automatic feed control is configured to control the electromagnetic switching valve 26 using the hydraulic switch 25, an expensive automatic feed control device is unnecessary, and the control is simple and the reliability is high. .
[0033]
When a hard foreign substance is mixed in the crushing device 3 or a large piece of wood is caught, even if the feeding device 4 is temporarily stopped, the load on the crushing device 3 is not reduced, and the crushing hydraulic motor 12 Although the hydraulic pressure of the drive line 17 further increases, the relief valve 20 operates when the set pressure is reached, so that the engine 13 is not stopped and the power transmission device is not damaged by the biting shock.
[0034]
FIG. 3 is a hydraulic circuit diagram of a self-propelled tree pulverizer equipped with a traveling device driven by a traveling hydraulic motor.
In this tree pulverizer, two traveling hydraulic pumps 51L and 51R and a pulverizing hydraulic pump 14 are connected to the output shaft of the engine 13. The crushing hydraulic pump 14 has a suction side connected to a tank 16 and a discharge side connected to a drive line 17 of the crushing hydraulic motor 12.
[0035]
The traveling hydraulic pumps 51L and 51R are connected to the tank 16 on the suction side, and connected to the drive lines 53L and 53R of the traveling hydraulic motors 52L and 52R disposed on the left and right sides of the traveling device on the discharge side, respectively. Yes. Travel control valves 54L and 54R are provided on the drive lines 53L and 53R of the travel hydraulic motors 52L and 52R. The traveling control valves 54L and 54R are three-position manual operation switching valves, and by operating the levers, pressure oil from the traveling hydraulic pumps 51L and 51R is supplied to the forward or reverse side of the traveling hydraulic motors 52L and 52R. Can be switched to supply. Accordingly, the forward, stop, reverse rotation of the traveling hydraulic motors 52L, 52R, that is, the forward, stop, and reverse of the traveling device is controlled by operating the traveling control valves 54L, 54R.
[0036]
In the state where the travel control valve 54L is in the neutral position, the travel hydraulic pump 51L communicates with the drive pipe 21 of the feed hydraulic motor 11, and the feed hydraulic motor is supplied with the pressure oil discharged from the travel hydraulic pump 51L. 11 can be driven.
[0037]
In the state where the traveling control valve 54R is in the neutral position, the traveling hydraulic pump 51R communicates with the drive pipe 17 of the crushing hydraulic motor 12, and the pressure oil discharged from the traveling hydraulic pump 51R is the crushing hydraulic pressure. The pulverization hydraulic motor 12 is driven by being joined with the pressure oil discharged from the pump 14.
[0038]
Since other configurations are the same as those of the circuit of FIG.
The self-propelled tree pulverizer moves to the place where the object to be crushed is generated by operating the traveling control valves 54L and 54R to drive the traveling hydraulic motors 52L and 52R, and the traveling control valves 54L and 54R are moved. Stop as neutral. Therefore, the material to be crushed Z is charged into the charging port, and the feed control valve 23 and the grinding control valve 18 are operated to perform the grinding process.
[0039]
In this way, the power of one engine 13 is switched between driving the driving hydraulic motors 52L and 52R of the driving device and driving of the crushing device 3 and the feeding device 4 simply by switching the driving control valves 54L and 54R. Therefore, it is not necessary to switch with a mechanical power transmission device, and a plurality of prime movers and auxiliary devices are not required, so that the structure is simple and economical.
[0040]
FIG. 4 is a side view of a truck with a crane on which a tree crusher is mounted, and FIG. 5 is a hydraulic circuit diagram thereof.
Here, the tree crusher 1 is mounted on the loading platform 81 of the crane-equipped truck 8 with the input port 2 facing rearward, and can move by using the crane-equipped truck 8 as a traveling device.
[0041]
The crane-equipped truck 8 includes a hydraulic pressure source (not shown) for driving equipment such as the crane 82. The other end of the high-pressure hose 29, one end of which is connected to the flow dividing valve 28, is connected to the high-pressure pipe 83 of the hydraulic source by a quick joint 85. The diverter valve 28 is connected to the drive line 17 of the crushing hydraulic motor 12 and the drive line 21 of the feed hydraulic motor 11, where the pressure oil supplied from the high pressure line 83 is used for crushing. The flow is divided into a drive line 17 of the hydraulic motor 12 and a drive line 21 of the feed hydraulic motor 11.
[0042]
When there are two high-pressure lines on the crane-equipped truck 8 side, the shunt valve 28 is not provided, and the drive line 17 of the crushing hydraulic motor 12 and the drive line 21 of the feed hydraulic motor 11 are connected to the crane. Each can be connected to a high-pressure line on the attached truck 8 side.
[0043]
The return line 19 of the crushing hydraulic motor 12 and the return line 24 of the feed hydraulic motor 11 are connected to the low-pressure line 84 of the hydraulic source on the side of the truck 8 with crane via the low-pressure hose 30 and the quick joint 86. The
[0044]
Since other configurations are the same as those of the circuit of FIG.
This tree crusher 1 uses a crane-equipped truck 8 as a traveling device to move to a place where the object to be crushed is generated and stops, lowers the back of the loading platform 81, puts the object to be crushed Z into the inlet, and feed control valve The crushing process is performed by operating the crushing control valve 18 and the crushing control valve 18. Since the crushing device 3 and the feed device 4 can be driven by the power of the crane-equipped truck 8, the tree crusher 1 itself does not require devices such as an engine and a hydraulic pump, and can be manufactured at low cost.
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the dendrimer crusher of the present invention has no fear of stopping the engine or damaging the power transmission device even when hard foreign matter is mixed in the crushing device or a large piece of wood is caught. Therefore, an expensive automatic feed control device is unnecessary, and control is simple and reliable.
[0046]
In addition, as a self-propelled dendritic crusher, a traveling device driven by a traveling hydraulic motor is provided, and a driving line of the traveling hydraulic motor has a hydraulic source in a neutral state. If a travel control valve is provided that communicates with the drive line of the feed hydraulic motor, the power of one engine is driven for driving the travel device and driving of the crushing device and the feed device simply by switching the travel control valve. It is economical because a plurality of prime movers and auxiliary devices are not required.
[0047]
Furthermore, when the tree crusher is mounted on a work vehicle equipped with a hydraulic source, and the drive line of the crushing hydraulic motor and the drive line of the feed hydraulic motor are connected to the hydraulic source of the work vehicle, Using the work vehicle as a traveling device, the pulverizing device and the feeding device can be driven by the power of the work vehicle.
[0048]
In any type of tree crusher, the main part of the hydraulic system can be shared, and the crusher is driven by hydraulic pressure, which eliminates the mechanical connection between the crusher and the engine and increases the degree of freedom of arrangement. The tree crusher becomes compact.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view showing a configuration of a dendrite pulverizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a hydraulic circuit diagram of a tree crusher.
FIG. 3 is a hydraulic circuit diagram of a self-propelled tree pulverizer equipped with a traveling device driven by a traveling hydraulic motor.
FIG. 4 is a side view of a truck with a crane on which a tree crusher is mounted.
FIG. 5 is a hydraulic circuit diagram of a tree crusher mounted on a truck with a crane.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Tree branch crusher 2 Input port 3 Crushing device 4 Feeding device 5 Base frame 7 Power package 8 Truck with crane 11 Feeding hydraulic motor 12 Crushing hydraulic motor 13 Engine 14 Crushing hydraulic pump 15 Feeding hydraulic pump 16 Tank 17 Drive pipe Path 18 Grinding control valve 19 Return line 20 Relief valve 21 Drive line 22 Flow control valve 23 Feed control valve 24 Return line 25 Pressure switch 26 Electromagnetic switching valve 27 Control circuit 28 Diverging valve 29 High pressure hose 30 Low pressure hose 31 Cutter knife 32 Cutter wheel 33 Hammer knife 34 Fan blade 35 Rotating shaft 36 Discharge pipe 41 Feed drum 51L, 51R Travel hydraulic pump 52L, 52R Travel hydraulic motor 53L, 53R Drive line 54L, 54R Travel control valve Z Object to be crushed

Claims (3)

A dendrite crusher provided with an input port for charging the material to be crushed, a pulverizing device for pulverizing the material to be crushed, and a feeding device for feeding the material to be crushed from the charging port into the pulverizing device,
A crushing hydraulic motor for driving the crushing device and a feed hydraulic motor for driving the feeding device are provided, and a relief valve that operates in an overload state of the crushing device is provided on a drive line of the crushing hydraulic motor, and a relief valve A pressure switch that operates at a pressure slightly lower than a set pressure, and an electromagnetic switching valve that is switched to the unload side by the operation of the pressure switch is provided in the drive line of the feed hydraulic motor. Machine. A traveling device driven by a traveling hydraulic motor; a driving line for the grinding hydraulic motor in a neutral state; a driving line for the crushing hydraulic motor in a neutral state; a driving line for the feeding hydraulic motor; 2. A dendrite crusher according to claim 1, further comprising a travel control valve that communicates with the eddy. 2. A tree branch mounted on a work vehicle equipped with a hydraulic power source, wherein a drive conduit of a crushing hydraulic motor and a drive conduit of a feed hydraulic motor are connected to the hydraulic power source of the work vehicle. Crusher.

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