JP3949787B2 - Multi-layer coating method - Google Patents

Multi-layer coating method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3949787B2
JP3949787B2 JP24658297A JP24658297A JP3949787B2 JP 3949787 B2 JP3949787 B2 JP 3949787B2 JP 24658297 A JP24658297 A JP 24658297A JP 24658297 A JP24658297 A JP 24658297A JP 3949787 B2 JP3949787 B2 JP 3949787B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
coating
weight
resin
acid
melamine
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JP24658297A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH1176937A (en
Inventor
哲也 横山
尚志 井坂
悟 笹谷
靖二 田中
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Kansai Paint Co Ltd
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Kansai Paint Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する分野】
本発明は、中塗り塗膜、着色ベ−ス塗膜およびクリヤ塗膜からなる複層塗膜の形成法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術とその課題】
有機溶剤系中塗り塗料を塗装し、加熱硬化後、水性着色ベ−ス塗料を塗装し、ついで該塗膜中の水分を乾燥除去してから、有機溶剤系クリヤ塗料を塗装し、加熱して該両塗膜を同時に硬化せしめてなる複層塗膜の形成法は公知である。
【0003】
しかしながら、この工程において中塗り塗料が有機溶剤系であるために、近年の公害防止や低VOCなどが重要視されているなかで、好ましくなかった。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、公害を防止し、かつ低VOCを可能にした、中塗り塗膜、着色ベ−ス塗膜およびクリヤ塗膜からなる複層塗膜の形成法に関し、その特徴は中塗り塗料としてポリエステル樹脂含有水性熱硬化型塗料を使用したところにあり、その結果、公知のものに比べて塗膜性能が同等もしくはそれ以上であって、しかも公害を防止し、かつ低VOCを可能にすることができ、本発明を完成した。
【0005】
しかして本発明によれば、ポリエステル樹脂含有水性熱硬化型中塗り塗料を塗装し、加熱硬化後、水性着色ベ−ス塗料を塗装し、ついで該塗膜中の水分を乾燥除去してから、有機溶剤系クリヤ塗料を塗装し、加熱して該両塗膜を同時に硬化せしめることを特徴する複層塗膜形成法が提供される。
【0006】
本発明の複層塗膜形成法についてさらに詳細に説明する。
【0007】
ポリエステル樹脂含有水性熱硬化型中塗り塗料:後記の水性着色ベ−ス塗料に先立って塗装する塗料であり、ポリエステル樹脂、架橋剤、有機スルホン酸アミン塩および水を必須成分として含有するものである。
【0008】
ポリエステル樹脂は、多塩基酸と多価アルコ−ルとをエステル化反応させることにより得られ、その1分子中に2個以上の水酸基を有し、さらに水分散性を向上させるためにカルボキシル基などの親水性基を含有していることが好ましい。
多塩基酸は1分子中に2個以上のカルボキシル基を有する化合物であり、例えばフタル酸、イソフタル酸、テレフタル酸、コハク酸、アジピン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、テトラヒドロフタル酸、ヘキサヒドロフタル酸、ヘット酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸、イタコン酸、トリメリット酸およびこれらの無水物などがあげられ、また多価アルコ−ルは1分子中に2個以上の水酸基を有する化合物であり、例えばエチレングリコ−ル、プロピレングリコ−ル、ブチレングリコ−ル、ヘキサンジオ−ル、ジエチレングリコ−ル、ジプロピレングリコ−ル、ネオペンチルグリコ−ル、トリエチレングリコ−ル、グリセリン、トリメチロ−ルエタン、トリメチロ−ルプロパンおよびペンタエリスリト−ルなどがあげられる。
【0009】
ポリエステル樹脂は既知の方法で調製でき、例えば、多塩基酸と多価アルコ−ルとのエステル化反応を行い、さらにトリメリット酸などの多塩基酸を付加してカルボキシル基を導入することができ、反応終了後、水中への分散作業を容易にするために有機溶剤を少量加えて流動可せしめ、ついで導入したカルボキシル基を中和してから、水中に分散せしめることが好ましい。
【0010】
上記の有機溶剤として、例えば、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、キシレン、トルエン、シクロヘキサンなどの炭化水素系;酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸エチレングリコ−ルモノメチルエ−テル、酢酸ジエチレングリコ−ルモノメチルエ−テルなどのエステル系;イソプロピルエ−テル、エチレングリコ−ルモノメチルエ−テル、ジエチレングリコ−ルモノブチルエ−テルなどのエ−テル系;エチルアルコ−ル、ブチルアルコ−ル、ヘキシルアルコ−ルなどのアルコ−ル系;メチルイソブチルケトン、メチルエチルケトン、イソホロン、アセトフェノンなどのケトン系;などが使用できる。これらの有機溶剤の使用量は、反応生成物(ポリエステル樹脂)の1〜20重量%、特に2〜8重量%の範囲内が好ましい。
【0011】
また、中和剤としては;アンモニア;エチルアミン、プロピルアミン、ブチルアミン、ベンジルアミン、モノエタノールアミン、ネオペンタノールアミン、2−アミノプロパノール、3−アミノプロパノールなどの第1級モノアミン;ジエチルアミン、ジエタノールアミン、ジ−n−またはジ−iso −プロパノールアミン、N−メチルエタノールアミン、N−エチルエタノールアミンなどの第2級モノアミン;ジメチルエタノールアミン、トリメチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、トリイソプロピルアミン、メチルジエタノールアミン、ジメチルアミノエタノールなどの第3級モノアミン;ジエチレントリアミン、ヒドロキシエチルアミノエチルアミン、エチルアミノエチルアミン、メチルアミノプロピルアミンなどのポリアミンを挙げることができる。
【0012】
さらに、ポリエステル樹脂として、大豆油脂肪酸、やし油脂肪酸、脱水ひまし油脂肪酸、ト−ル油脂肪酸、サフラワ−油脂肪酸、あまに油脂肪酸などの脂肪酸で変性したものも含まれ、その含有量は油長で30重量%以下が好ましい。
【0013】
本発明における中塗り塗料で使用するポリエステル樹脂に関し、水酸基価は50〜150mgKOH/g、特に65〜120mgKOH/g、酸価は0〜50mgKOH/g、特に5〜30mgKOH/g、数平均分子量は約3000〜20000、特に5000〜13000の範囲内にあることがそれぞれ好ましい。
中塗り塗料で使用する架橋剤は、上記ポリエステル樹脂と架橋反応し、該中塗り塗膜を三次元に硬化せしめるためのものであり、メラミン樹脂が好ましい。
【0014】
メラミン樹脂としては、メチロ−ル化メラミンのメチロ−ル基の一部もしくは全部を炭素数1〜8の1価アルコ−ルでエ−テル化した、部分エ−テル化もしくはフルエ−テル化メラミン樹脂で、しかもトリアジンが1〜5核体で、分子量が300〜2000のものが好ましい。イミノ基含有メラミン樹脂も含まれる。このうち、ヘキサブトキシメチロ−ル化メラミン10〜30重量%とヘキサメトキシメチロ−ル化メラミン90〜70重量%とからなる混合物を使用することが好ましい。
【0015】
中塗り塗料において、ポリエステル樹脂とメラミン樹脂との構成比率は、両者の合計固形分量を基準に、前者は50〜90重量%、特に65〜80重量%、後者は50〜10重量%、特に35〜20重量%が好ましい。
【0016】
有機スルホン酸アミン塩は、ポリエステル樹脂とメラミン樹脂との架橋反応を促進させるものであり、有機スルホン酸にアミンを反応させた化合物が使用できる。有機スルホン酸として、例えば、パラトルエンスルホン酸、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸、ジノニルナフタレンスルホン酸、ジノニルナフタレンジスルホン酸、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸なおどがあげられ、特にドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸が好ましい。またこれらの有機スルホン酸に反応させるアミンとしては上記の中和剤として例示したうちのアミン化合物が使用できる。有機スルホン酸とアミンとの反応は中和反応であり、アミンを過剰にして行うことが好ましい。有機スルホン酸アミン塩の配合量は、ポリエステル樹脂と架橋剤との合計100重量部あたり、0.1〜10重量部、特に1〜5重量部が好ましい。
【0017】
中塗り塗料には、さらに低分子量ポリオ−ル成分、着色顔料、体質顔料、塗面調整剤、酸化防止剤、流動調整剤、顔料分散剤などを適宜配合することができる。
【0018】
このうち低分子量ポリオ−ル成分は、1分子中に2個以上の水酸基を有し、数平均分子量が約3000未満の化合物であることが好ましく、例えば上記の多価アルコ−ル成分、ポリエチレングリコ−ル、ポリプロピレングリコ−ル、ポリフェニルアルキレンポリ−ル(BPポリオ−ル)などがあげられる。これらの低分子量ポリオ−ル成分の配合量は、ポリエステル樹脂と架橋剤との合計100重量部あたり、1〜20重量部が好ましい。
【0019】
本発明方法において、中塗り塗料は、金属製もしくはプラスチック製の自動車外板などの被塗物に直接、または電着塗料などの下塗塗料を塗装し、硬化してなる被塗面に塗装することができる。
【0020】
中塗り塗料を、塗装時粘度30〜60秒/フォ−ドカップ#4/20℃、固形分含有率40〜60重量%に調整し、静電塗装、エアレススプレ−、エアスプレなどで、膜厚を硬化塗膜で10〜60μm、特に15〜40μmになるように塗装することが好ましい。その塗膜を120〜160℃で、10〜40分加熱して、架橋硬化せしめる。
【0021】
水性着色ベ−ス塗料:加熱硬化した中塗り塗膜面に塗装する塗料であり、水を主たる媒体とし、アクリル樹脂、メラミン樹脂、着色顔料および水を含有し、さらに必要に応じて塗面調整剤、粘度調整剤などを配合してなるものである。
【0022】
アクリル樹脂としては、例えば、アクリル系単量体、水酸基含有単量体およびカルボキシル基含有単量体、さらに必要に応じその他の単量体を用いて共重合して得られる、水酸基価は20〜200mgKOH/g、特に50〜150mgKOH/g、酸価は0〜100mgKOH/g、特に5〜80mgKOH/g、数平均分子量は約3000〜100000、特に5000〜30000の範囲内にあるアクリル樹脂が好ましい。
【0023】
アクリル系単量体として、例えば、メチル(メタ)アクリレ−ト、エチル(メタ)アクリレ−ト、プロピル(メタ)アクリレ−ト、ブチル(メタ)アクリレ−ト、ヘキシル(メタ)アクリレ−ト、オクチル(メタ)アクリレ−ト、ラウリル(メタ)アクリレ−ト、2−エチルヘキシル(メタ)アクリレ−トなどの(メタ)アクリル酸と炭素数1〜22の1価アルコ−ルとのモノエステル化物があげられる。また、水酸基含有単量体は、1分子中に水酸基および重合性不飽和結合をそれぞれ1個以上有する化合物であり、例えばヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレ−ト、ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレ−ト、ヒドロキシブチル(メタ)アクリレ−トなどの炭素数2〜20のグリコ−ルと(メタ)アクリル酸とのモノエステル化物などがあげられる。また、カルボキシル基含有単量体は、1分子中に重合性不飽和結合を1個以上有する化合物であり、例えばアクリル酸およびメタクリル酸などのモノカルボン酸、マレイン酸、イタコン酸、フマル酸、メサコン酸およびこれらの無水物やハ−フエステル化などのジカルボン酸もしくはその変性物などなどがあげられる。さらに、その他の単量体としては、メトキシブチル(メタ)アクリレ−ト、メトキシエチル(メタ)アクリレ−トなどの(メタ)アクリル酸と炭素数2〜18のアルコキシエステル;N,N−ジメチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレ−ト、N,N−ジエチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレ−ト、N−t−ブチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレ−ト、N,N−ジメチルアミノプロピル(メタ)アクリレ−トなどのアミノアクリル系単量体;(メタ)アクリルアミド、N−メチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N−エチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N−ブチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N−ジメチル(メタ)アクリルアミドなどのアクリルアミド系単量体;グリシジル(メタ)アクリレ−トなどのグリシジル基含有単量体:スチレン、α−メチルスチレン、ビニルトルエン、アクリロニトリル、酢酸ビニル、塩化ビニル;などがあげられる。
【0024】
このアクリル樹脂中のカルボキシル基を中和することにより、水溶化もしくは水分散化が容易になる。中和剤としては、上記中塗り塗料の説明で例示した中和剤から選ばれたものが使用できる。
【0025】
水性着色ベ−ス塗料で使用するメラミン樹脂としては、メチロ−ル化メラミンのメチロ−ル基の一部もしくは全部を炭素数1〜8の1価アルコ−ルでエ−テル化した、部分エ−テル化もしくはフルエ−テル化メラミン樹脂で、しかもトリアジンが1〜5核体で、分子量が300〜2000のものが好ましい。イミノ基含有メラミン樹脂も含まれる。これらは疎水性もしくは親水性のいずれでもよい。
アクリル樹脂とメラミン樹脂との比率は、この両成分の合計固形部分に基づき、前者は50〜90重量%、特に65〜80重量%、後者は50〜10重量%、特に35〜20重量%が好ましい。
【0026】
着色顔料としては、例えば、酸化チタン、亜鉛華、カ−ボンブラック、カドミウムレッド、モリブデンレッド、クロムエロ−、酸化クロム、プルシアンブル−、コバルトブル−、アゾ顔料、フタロシアニン顔料、キナクリドン顔料、イソインドリン顔料、スレン系顔料、ペリレン顔料などのソリッドカラ−用顔料;りん片状のアルミニウム、雲母、金属酸化物で表面被覆した雲母、雲母状酸化鉄などメタリック用顔料が包含される。
【0027】
これらの着色顔料の配合量は、アクリル樹脂とメラミン樹脂との合計100重量部あたり、1〜200重量部が好ましい。
【0028】
本発明方法で使用する水性着色ベ−ス塗料は、上記のアクリル樹脂、メラミン樹脂および着色顔料を水に混合分散せしめることにより調製でき、その単独塗膜はソリッドカラ−塗膜、メタリック塗膜もしくは光干渉塗膜である。
【0029】
水性着色ベ−ス塗料は、上記の中塗り塗料の硬化塗膜面に塗装することができる。すなわち、該水性着色ベ−ス塗料を、塗装時粘度30〜120秒/フォ−ドカップ#4/20℃、固形分含有率20〜50重量%に調整し、静電塗装、エアレススプレ−、エアスプレなどで、膜厚を硬化塗膜で10〜60μm、特に15〜40μmになるように塗装することが好ましい。
【0030】
そして、本発明では、この水性着色ベ−ス塗料塗膜を乾燥して、該塗膜中に含まれる水分を除去する。乾燥は100℃以下の温度で加熱して行うことが好ましく、該塗膜中の含水率は10重量%以下、特に3重量%以下が好ましい。この乾燥工程において、該塗膜が架橋硬化することはない。この乾燥が不十分であると、次の有機溶剤系クリヤ塗料の塗装性(ヌレ性)が低下し、仕上がり外観が不十分となるので好ましくない。
【0031】
有機溶剤系クリヤ塗料:水分を乾燥除去した水性着色ベ−ス塗膜面に塗装する塗料であり、基体樹脂、架橋剤および有機溶剤を含有し、さらに必要に応じて着色顔料、紫外線吸収剤などを配合してなる既知の有機溶剤系熱硬化性塗料であって、このクリヤ塗膜を透して水性着色ベ−ス塗膜の色調を視認できる程度の透明性を有している。
【0032】
このクリヤ塗料に使用できる基体樹脂としては、例えば、水酸基、カルボキシル基、シラノ−ル基、エポキシ基などの架橋性官能基を含有するアクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、アルキド樹脂、フッ素樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、シリコン含有樹脂などの樹脂があげられ、特に架橋性官能基含有アクリル樹脂が好ましい。また、架橋剤としてはこれらの官能基と反応しうるメラミン樹脂、尿素樹脂、(ブロック)ポリイソシアネ−ト化合物、エポキシ化合物または樹脂、カルボキシル基含有化合物または樹脂、酸無水物、アルコキシシラン基含有化合物または樹脂などがあげられる。クリヤ−塗料は、上記の基体樹脂および架橋剤などを有機溶剤に混合分散せしめることによって得られる。
【0033】
本発明の方法は、乾燥除去した水性着色ベ−ス塗膜面に、塗装時の固形分濃度を約30〜約60重量%、塗装時粘度20〜40秒/フォ−ドカップ#4/20℃に調整したクリヤ塗料を、静電方式またはスプレ−方式などで、硬化塗膜に基く膜厚が5〜100μm、好ましくは20〜80μm程度になるように塗装したのち、120〜160℃で10〜40分加熱して、水性着色ベ−ス塗膜およびクリヤ塗膜を同時に硬化することにより達成される。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
有機溶剤系中塗り塗料、水性着色ベ−ス塗料および有機溶剤系クリヤ塗料を塗装する従来の工程における中塗り塗料として、本発明において、ポリエステル樹脂含有水性熱硬化型塗料を使用することにより、公害防止および低VOC化に大きく寄与することが可能になった。
【0035】
1.試 料
1)被塗物:りん酸亜鉛化成処理を施した厚さ0.8mmのダル鋼板上に熱硬化性エポキシ樹脂系カチオン電着塗料(「エレクロン9600」関西ペイント社製、商品名)を硬化膜厚が約20μになるように電着塗装し、170℃で30分加熱し硬化させて被塗物とした。
【0036】
2)水性熱硬化型中塗り塗料(A−1)〜(A−4):
トリメチロ−ルプロパン、ヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸、ネオペンチルグリコ−ルおよびイソフタル酸を230℃においてエステル化反応させ、ついで無水トリメリット酸を加えて付加反応してカルボキシル基含有ポリエステル樹脂を調製したのち、トリプロピレングリコ−ルモノメチルエ−テルを反応生成物に対し10重量%加えて流動化させ、メチルエタノ−ルアミンを加えてカルボキシル基を中和してから、水を加えて、固形分含有率50重量%の水分散液を得た。上記成分の比率は、表1に示した水酸基価(mgKOH/g)および酸価(mgKOH/g)になるようにした。
【0037】
このポリエステル樹脂に、ヘキサメトキシメチロ−ル化メラミン樹脂、ヘキサブトキシメチロ−ル化メラミン樹脂、BPポリオ−ル、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸のN−メチルエタノ−ルアミン塩およびチタン白顔料を水中に混合分散して、粘度50秒/フォ−ドカップ#4/20℃、固形分含有率60重量%に調整して、水性熱硬化型中塗り塗料(A−1)〜(A−4)を得た。これらの成分の配合比率(固形分量)は表1に示した。
【0038】
【表1】

Figure 0003949787
【0039】
3)水性着色ベ−ス塗料(B−1):
アクリル樹脂(水酸基価85mgKOH/g、酸価45mgKOH/g、数平均分子量約15000)をジメチルエタノ−ルアミンで中和してなるものを70部(固形分)、メトキシ・ブトキシ混合エ−テル化メラミン樹脂30部(固形分)、りん片状のアルミニウム70部を水中に混合分散して、粘度60秒/フォ−ドカップ#4/20℃、固形分含有率20重量%に調整した水性メタリック塗料。
【0040】
4)有機溶剤系クリア塗料(C−1):
水酸基含有アクリル樹脂(数平均分子量10000、水酸基価110mgKOH/g)75部(固形分)、ブチルエ−テル化メラミン樹脂(ユ−バン28−60、三井東圧社製、商品名)25部(固形分)およびチヌビン900(チバガイギ−製、商品名、紫外線吸収剤)1重量部を「スワゾ−ル1500」(コスモ石油社製、商品名、石油系芳香族炭化水素系溶剤)に混合し、粘度25秒/フォ−ドカップ#4/20℃、固形分含有率45重量%に調整した。
【0041】
2.実施例1〜4
上記被塗物の硬化した電着塗面に水性熱硬化型中塗り塗料(A−1)〜(A−4)をエアスプレ−で、膜厚を硬化塗膜で30μmになるように塗装し、室温で3分放置してから、80℃で5分間強制乾燥したのち、140℃で30分加熱して架橋硬化せしめ、ついでこの硬化塗面に、水性着色ベ−ス塗料(B−1)をエアスプレで膜厚を硬化塗膜で20μmになるように塗装し、この塗膜を室温で3分放置し、80℃で強制乾燥して塗膜中の含水率を3重量%以下にしてから、この乾燥塗膜面に有機溶剤系クリア塗料(C−1)をエアスプレ−で、硬化塗膜に基く膜厚が40μmになるように塗装し、室温で3分放置したのち、140℃で30分加熱して、水性着色ベ−ス塗膜(B−1)およびクリヤ塗膜(C−1)を同時に硬化した。得られた複層塗膜の性能試験結果は表2に示した。
【0042】
3.比較例1
実施例1で使用した水性熱硬化型中塗り塗料(A−1)を、有機溶剤系中塗り塗料(「アミラックTP60」関西ペイント(株)製、商品名、ポリエステル樹脂・メラミン樹脂系)(A−5)に代えた以外はすべて実施例1と同様に行った。得られた複層塗膜の性能試験結果は表2に示した。
【0043】
4.性能試験結果
【0044】
【表2】
Figure 0003949787
【0045】
試験方法は下記のとおりである。
【0046】
層間付着性:素地に達するようにカッタ−ナイフで、直交する縦横11本づつの平行線を1mm間隔で引き、1cm2 の中に100個のます目ができるようにキリキズをつけ、その表面に粘着セロハンテ−プを貼り付け、それを急激に剥がしたあとのゴバン目塗面を評価した。○は塗膜の剥離が全く認められない、△は電着塗膜と中塗り塗膜との層間で剥離が少し認められる、×は電着塗膜と中塗り塗膜との層間で剥離が多く認められる を示す。
【0047】
耐チッピング性:Q−G−Rグラベロメ−タ−(Qパネル(株)製、商品名)を用いて、7号砕石0.1kgをエア−圧約4Kg/cm2 で、20℃において塗面への吹き付け角度30度で吹き付けた。その後の塗面状態を目視で評価した。○は上塗り塗面の一部に衝撃キズはわずか認められる、△は上塗り塗面に衝撃による剥離が少し認められる、×は上塗り塗面に衝撃による剥離が多く認められる、を示す。[0001]
[Field of the Invention]
The present invention relates to a method for forming a multilayer coating film comprising an intermediate coating film, a colored base coating film and a clear coating film.
[0002]
[Prior art and its problems]
Apply an organic solvent-based intermediate coating, heat cure, and then apply a water-based colored base coating. Then dry and remove the water in the coating, then apply an organic solvent-based clear coating and heat. A method of forming a multilayer coating film obtained by simultaneously curing both coating films is known.
[0003]
However, since the intermediate coating material is an organic solvent system in this process, it is not preferable because prevention of pollution and low VOC have been emphasized in recent years.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to a method for forming a multilayer coating film comprising an intermediate coating film, a colored base coating film and a clear coating film, which prevents pollution and enables low VOC. A water-based thermosetting paint containing polyester resin is used. As a result, the coating film performance is equal to or higher than that of known ones, pollution is prevented, and low VOC is possible. The present invention was completed.
[0005]
Thus, according to the present invention, a polyester resin-containing water-based thermosetting intermediate coating is applied, and after heat curing, a water-based colored base coating is applied, and then moisture in the coating film is removed by drying. There is provided a method for forming a multilayer coating film characterized by coating an organic solvent-based clear coating and heating to cure both coating films simultaneously.
[0006]
The multilayer coating film forming method of the present invention will be described in more detail.
[0007]
Polyester resin-containing water-based thermosetting intermediate coating: A coating that is applied prior to the water-based coloring base coating described later, and contains polyester resin, crosslinking agent, organic sulfonic acid amine salt and water as essential components. .
[0008]
The polyester resin is obtained by esterifying a polybasic acid and a polyhydric alcohol. The polyester resin has two or more hydroxyl groups in one molecule, and further includes a carboxyl group for improving water dispersibility. It is preferable that the hydrophilic group is contained.
A polybasic acid is a compound having two or more carboxyl groups in one molecule. For example, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid , Het acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, trimellitic acid and anhydrides thereof, and polyhydric alcohol is a compound having two or more hydroxyl groups in one molecule, such as ethylene Glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexanediol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerin, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane and Examples include pentaerythritol.
[0009]
The polyester resin can be prepared by a known method, for example, by carrying out an esterification reaction between a polybasic acid and a polyhydric alcohol, and further adding a polybasic acid such as trimellitic acid to introduce a carboxyl group. After completion of the reaction, it is preferable to add a small amount of an organic solvent to make it easy to disperse in water, and then neutralize the introduced carboxyl group, and then disperse in water.
[0010]
Examples of the organic solvent include hydrocarbons such as hexane, heptane, xylene, toluene and cyclohexane; esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and diethylene glycol monomethyl ether; isopropyl ether. Ethers such as ter, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether; alcohols such as ethyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol; methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, isophorone, acetophenone Ketone type; etc. can be used. The amount of these organic solvents used is preferably in the range of 1 to 20% by weight, particularly 2 to 8% by weight of the reaction product (polyester resin).
[0011]
Examples of neutralizing agents include: ammonia; primary monoamines such as ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, benzylamine, monoethanolamine, neopentanolamine, 2-aminopropanol, and 3-aminopropanol; diethylamine, diethanolamine, diamine Secondary monoamines such as -n- or di-iso-propanolamine, N-methylethanolamine, N-ethylethanolamine; dimethylethanolamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, triisopropylamine, methyldiethanolamine, dimethylaminoethanol, etc. Tertiary monoamines; polyamines such as diethylenetriamine, hydroxyethylaminoethylamine, ethylaminoethylamine, methylaminopropylamine it can.
[0012]
Further, polyester resins include those modified with fatty acids such as soybean oil fatty acid, palm oil fatty acid, dehydrated castor oil fatty acid, toll oil fatty acid, safflower oil fatty acid, and linseed oil fatty acid. The length is preferably 30% by weight or less.
[0013]
Regarding the polyester resin used in the intermediate coating composition of the present invention, the hydroxyl value is 50 to 150 mgKOH / g, particularly 65 to 120 mgKOH / g, the acid value is 0 to 50 mgKOH / g, particularly 5 to 30 mgKOH / g, and the number average molecular weight is about It is preferable that it exists in the range of 3000-20000, especially 5000-13000, respectively.
The crosslinking agent used in the intermediate coating is for crosslinking reaction with the polyester resin to cure the intermediate coating film in three dimensions, and a melamine resin is preferable.
[0014]
As the melamine resin, a partially etherified or fully etherified melamine obtained by etherifying a part or all of the methylol group of methylolated melamine with a monovalent alcohol having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. It is preferably a resin and a triazine having 1 to 5 nuclei and a molecular weight of 300 to 2000. An imino group-containing melamine resin is also included. Among these, it is preferable to use a mixture comprising 10 to 30% by weight of hexabutoxymethylol melamine and 90 to 70% by weight of hexamethoxymethylol melamine.
[0015]
In the intermediate coating, the composition ratio of the polyester resin and the melamine resin is 50 to 90% by weight, particularly 65 to 80% by weight for the former, and 50 to 10% by weight, especially 35 for the latter, based on the total solid content of both. -20% by weight is preferred.
[0016]
The organic sulfonic acid amine salt promotes a crosslinking reaction between the polyester resin and the melamine resin, and a compound obtained by reacting an organic sulfonic acid with an amine can be used. Examples of the organic sulfonic acid include p-toluenesulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, dinonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, dinonylnaphthalenedisulfonic acid, and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid is particularly preferable. As amines to be reacted with these organic sulfonic acids, amine compounds among those exemplified as the neutralizing agent can be used. The reaction between the organic sulfonic acid and the amine is a neutralization reaction, and is preferably carried out with an excess of amine. The compounding amount of the organic sulfonic acid amine salt is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, particularly 1 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight in total of the polyester resin and the crosslinking agent.
[0017]
In the intermediate coating, a low molecular weight polyol component, a color pigment, an extender pigment, a coating surface conditioner, an antioxidant, a flow conditioner, a pigment dispersant and the like can be appropriately blended.
[0018]
Of these, the low molecular weight polyol component is preferably a compound having two or more hydroxyl groups in one molecule and a number average molecular weight of less than about 3000. For example, the above polyhydric alcohol component, polyethylene glycol -Polyol, polypropylene glycol, polyphenylalkylene polyol (BP polyol) and the like. The blending amount of these low molecular weight polyol components is preferably 1 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight in total of the polyester resin and the crosslinking agent.
[0019]
In the method of the present invention, the intermediate coating is applied directly to an object to be coated such as an automobile outer plate made of metal or plastic, or is applied to a surface to be coated by applying a primer coating such as an electrodeposition coating. Can do.
[0020]
The coating thickness is adjusted to 30-60 seconds / Ford cup # 4/20 ° C. and solid content 40-60% by weight, and the film thickness is adjusted by electrostatic coating, airless spray, air spray, etc. It is preferable to apply a cured coating film so as to have a thickness of 10 to 60 μm, particularly 15 to 40 μm. The coating film is heated at 120 to 160 ° C. for 10 to 40 minutes to be crosslinked and cured.
[0021]
Water-based coloring base paint: A paint to be applied to the heat-cured intermediate coating film surface, containing water as the main medium, containing acrylic resin, melamine resin, color pigment and water, and adjusting the coating surface as necessary Agents, viscosity modifiers and the like.
[0022]
As the acrylic resin, for example, an acrylic monomer, a hydroxyl group-containing monomer and a carboxyl group-containing monomer, and further obtained by copolymerization using other monomers as required, a hydroxyl value of 20 to 20 can be obtained. Acrylic resins having 200 mg KOH / g, particularly 50 to 150 mg KOH / g, acid value of 0 to 100 mg KOH / g, particularly 5 to 80 mg KOH / g, and number average molecular weight of about 3000 to 100,000, particularly 5000 to 30000 are preferred.
[0023]
Examples of acrylic monomers include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, hexyl (meth) acrylate, and octyl. Monoesterified products of (meth) acrylic acid such as (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, and monovalent alcohols having 1 to 22 carbon atoms. It is done. The hydroxyl group-containing monomer is a compound having at least one hydroxyl group and one polymerizable unsaturated bond in one molecule. For example, hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxy Examples thereof include monoesterified products of glycol having 2 to 20 carbon atoms such as butyl (meth) acrylate and (meth) acrylic acid. The carboxyl group-containing monomer is a compound having one or more polymerizable unsaturated bonds in one molecule, and examples thereof include monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, mesacone. Examples thereof include acids and anhydrides thereof, dicarboxylic acids such as half esterification, or modified products thereof. Further, other monomers include (meth) acrylic acid such as methoxybutyl (meth) acrylate and methoxyethyl (meth) acrylate and an alkoxy ester having 2 to 18 carbon atoms; N, N-dimethylamino Such as ethyl (meth) acrylate, N, N-diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, Nt-butylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, N, N-dimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylate, etc. Aminoacrylic monomers; acrylamide monomers such as (meth) acrylamide, N-methyl (meth) acrylamide, N-ethyl (meth) acrylamide, N-butyl (meth) acrylamide, N-dimethyl (meth) acrylamide Glycidyl group-containing monomers such as glycidyl (meth) acrylate: styrene, α-methylstyrene Emissions, vinyltoluene, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, and the like.
[0024]
By neutralizing the carboxyl group in the acrylic resin, water-solubilization or water-dispersion is facilitated. As a neutralizing agent, what was chosen from the neutralizing agent illustrated by description of the said intermediate coating material can be used.
[0025]
As the melamine resin used in the water-based base paint, a partial ester obtained by etherifying a part or all of the methylol group of methylolated melamine with a monovalent alcohol having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is used. -Tellurized or fluorinated melamine resins, triazine having 1 to 5 nuclei and molecular weight of 300 to 2000 are preferred. An imino group-containing melamine resin is also included. These may be either hydrophobic or hydrophilic.
The ratio of acrylic resin to melamine resin is based on the total solid part of both components, the former being 50 to 90% by weight, especially 65 to 80% by weight, and the latter being 50 to 10% by weight, especially 35 to 20% by weight. preferable.
[0026]
Examples of the color pigment include titanium oxide, zinc white, carbon black, cadmium red, molybdenum red, chromium erotic, chromium oxide, Prussian blue, cobalt blue, azo pigment, phthalocyanine pigment, quinacridone pigment, and isoindoline pigment. Solid color pigments such as selenium pigments and perylene pigments; metallic pigments such as flake-like aluminum, mica, mica coated with a metal oxide, and mica-like iron oxide are included.
[0027]
The blending amount of these coloring pigments is preferably 1 to 200 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight in total of the acrylic resin and the melamine resin.
[0028]
The water-based colored base paint used in the method of the present invention can be prepared by mixing and dispersing the above acrylic resin, melamine resin and colored pigment in water. The single paint film is a solid color paint film, metallic paint film or It is a light interference coating film.
[0029]
The aqueous colored base paint can be applied to the cured coating surface of the intermediate coating. That is, the water-based base paint is adjusted to a viscosity of 30 to 120 seconds / ford cup # 4/20 ° C. and a solid content of 20 to 50% by weight, electrostatic coating, airless spray, air spray. For example, it is preferable to coat the cured film so that the film thickness is 10 to 60 μm, particularly 15 to 40 μm.
[0030]
In the present invention, the aqueous colored base paint film is dried to remove moisture contained in the paint film. The drying is preferably performed by heating at a temperature of 100 ° C. or less, and the moisture content in the coating film is preferably 10% by weight or less, particularly preferably 3% by weight or less. In this drying step, the coating film is not crosslinked and cured. Insufficient drying is not preferable because the paintability (smoothness) of the next organic solvent-based clear paint is lowered and the finished appearance becomes insufficient.
[0031]
Organic solvent-based clear paint: A paint that is applied to the surface of the water-based colored base film from which moisture has been removed by drying. It contains a base resin, a cross-linking agent, and an organic solvent. Is a known organic solvent-based thermosetting paint, and has such a transparency that the color tone of the aqueous colored base coating film can be visually recognized through the clear coating film.
[0032]
Examples of the base resin that can be used in this clear coating include acrylic resins, polyester resins, alkyd resins, fluororesins, urethane resins, silicones containing crosslinkable functional groups such as hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, silanol groups, and epoxy groups. Examples of the resin include a crosslinkable functional group-containing acrylic resin. As the crosslinking agent, melamine resin, urea resin, (block) polyisocyanate compound, epoxy compound or resin, carboxyl group-containing compound or resin, acid anhydride, alkoxysilane group-containing compound or Examples thereof include resins. The clear paint can be obtained by mixing and dispersing the above-mentioned base resin and crosslinking agent in an organic solvent.
[0033]
According to the method of the present invention, the concentration of solid content at the time of coating is about 30 to about 60% by weight, the viscosity at the time of coating is 20 to 40 seconds / forward cup # 4/20 ° C. After applying the clear coating material adjusted to 1 to 120 to 160 ° C. at 120 to 160 ° C. after coating so that the film thickness based on the cured coating film is 5 to 100 μm, preferably about 20 to 80 μm, by electrostatic method or spray method. This is accomplished by heating for 40 minutes to simultaneously cure the aqueous colored base and clear coatings.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
By using the polyester resin-containing water-based thermosetting paint in the present invention as an intermediate paint in a conventional process for applying an organic solvent-based intermediate paint, a water-based colored base paint, and an organic solvent-based clear paint. It has become possible to greatly contribute to prevention and low VOC.
[0035]
1. Sample 1) Object to be coated: Thermosetting epoxy resin cationic electrodeposition paint ("Electron 9600", trade name, manufactured by Kansai Paint Co., Ltd.) on a 0.8 mm thick dull steel plate that has been subjected to zinc phosphate conversion treatment. Electrodeposition coating was performed so that the cured film thickness was about 20 μm, and the coating was heated at 170 ° C. for 30 minutes to be cured.
[0036]
2) Water-based thermosetting intermediate coating (A-1) to (A-4):
Trimethylol propane, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, neopentyl glycol and isophthalic acid were esterified at 230 ° C., and trimellitic anhydride was added to perform addition reaction to prepare a carboxyl group-containing polyester resin. 10% by weight of glycol monomethyl ether is added to the reaction product to make it fluid, and methyl ethanolamine is added to neutralize the carboxyl groups, and then water is added to form an aqueous dispersion having a solid content of 50% by weight. A liquid was obtained. The ratio of the above components was adjusted to the hydroxyl value (mgKOH / g) and acid value (mgKOH / g) shown in Table 1.
[0037]
To this polyester resin, hexamethoxymethylol melamine resin, hexabutoxymethylol melamine resin, BP polyol, N-methylethanolamine salt of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and titanium white pigment are mixed and dispersed in water. Then, the viscosity was adjusted to 50 seconds / forward cup # 4/20 ° C. and the solid content was 60% by weight to obtain aqueous thermosetting intermediate coatings (A-1) to (A-4). The mixing ratio (solid content) of these components is shown in Table 1.
[0038]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003949787
[0039]
3) Water-based colored base paint (B-1):
70 parts (solid content) of an acrylic resin (hydroxyl value 85 mg KOH / g, acid value 45 mg KOH / g, number average molecular weight about 15000) neutralized with dimethylethanolamine, methoxybutoxy mixed etherified melamine A water-based metallic paint prepared by mixing and dispersing 30 parts of resin (solid content) and 70 parts of flaky aluminum in water to adjust the viscosity to 60 seconds / forward cup # 4/20 ° C. and a solid content of 20% by weight.
[0040]
4) Organic solvent-based clear paint (C-1):
Hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (number average molecular weight 10,000, hydroxyl value 110 mgKOH / g) 75 parts (solid content), butyl etherified melamine resin (Uban 28-60, Mitsui Toatsu Co., Ltd., trade name) 25 parts (solid) ) And 1 part by weight of Tinuvin 900 (Ciba-Gaigi, trade name, UV absorber) are mixed with “Swazol 1500” (trade name, petroleum aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, Cosmo Oil Co., Ltd.) It was adjusted to 25 seconds / forward cup # 4/20 ° C. and a solid content of 45% by weight.
[0041]
2. Examples 1-4
Apply the water-based thermosetting intermediate coatings (A-1) to (A-4) to the cured electrodeposition coated surface of the object to be coated with an air spray so that the film thickness becomes 30 μm with a cured coating film. After standing at room temperature for 3 minutes, forced drying at 80 ° C. for 5 minutes, followed by heating at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes to cure by cross-linking, and then water-based base paint (B-1) was applied to the cured coating surface. After coating with an air spray to a film thickness of 20 μm with a cured coating film, this coating film was allowed to stand at room temperature for 3 minutes and forcedly dried at 80 ° C. to reduce the moisture content in the coating film to 3% by weight or less. An organic solvent-based clear paint (C-1) was applied to the dried coating surface with an air spray so that the film thickness based on the cured coating film would be 40 μm, left at room temperature for 3 minutes, and then at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes. By heating, the aqueous colored base coating (B-1) and the clear coating (C-1) were simultaneously cured. The performance test results of the obtained multilayer coating film are shown in Table 2.
[0042]
3. Comparative Example 1
The water-based thermosetting intermediate coating (A-1) used in Example 1 was replaced with an organic solvent-based intermediate coating ("Amirac TP60" manufactured by Kansai Paint Co., Ltd., trade name, polyester resin / melamine resin) (A The procedure was the same as in Example 1 except that the procedure was changed to -5). The performance test results of the obtained multilayer coating film are shown in Table 2.
[0043]
4). Performance test results [0044]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003949787
[0045]
The test method is as follows.
[0046]
Interlayer adhesion: With a cutter-knife to reach the substrate, draw 11 parallel lines of vertical and horizontal at 1 mm intervals, and scratch the surface so that 100 squares can be formed in 1 cm 2. Adhesive cellophane tape was attached and the Goban eye-coating surface after peeling it off rapidly was evaluated. ○ indicates no peeling of the coating film, △ indicates slight peeling between the electrodeposition coating film and the intermediate coating film, and X indicates peeling between the electrodeposition coating film and the intermediate coating film. Indicates that many are recognized.
[0047]
Chipping resistance: Using a QGR GRaverometer (trade name, manufactured by Q Panel Co., Ltd.), 0.1 kg of crushed stone 7 was applied to the coating surface at 20 ° C. with an air pressure of about 4 Kg / cm 2 . The spraying angle was 30 degrees. The subsequent coating surface state was visually evaluated. ○ indicates a slight impact scratch on a part of the top coat surface, Δ indicates a slight peeling due to impact on the top coat surface, and x indicates a lot of peeling due to impact on the top coat surface.

Claims (1)

ポリエステル樹脂含有水性熱硬化型中塗り塗料を塗装し、加熱硬化後、水性着色ベース
塗料を塗装し、ついで該塗膜中の水分を乾燥除去してから、有機溶剤系クリヤ塗料を塗装し、加熱して該両塗膜を同時に硬化せしめる複層塗膜形成法において、
該中塗り塗料が、架橋剤としてメラミン樹脂を含有し、ポリエステル樹脂とメラミン樹脂との構成比率が、両者の合計固形分量を基準に、ポリエステル樹脂が50〜90重量%、メラミン樹脂が50〜10重量%であって、メラミン樹脂がヘキサブトキシメチロール化メラミン10〜30重量%とヘキサメトキシメチロール化メラミン90〜70重量%とからなる混合物であり、かつ、1分子中に2個以上の水酸基を有し、数平均分子量が3000未満の化合物である低分子量ポリオール成分をポリエステル樹脂と架橋剤との合計100重量部あたり、1〜20重量部含有することを特徴とする複層塗膜形成法。
Apply a polyester resin-containing water-based thermosetting intermediate coating, heat cure, and then apply a water-based colored base coating. Then dry and remove the moisture in the coating, and then apply an organic solvent-based clear coating. In the method of forming a multilayer coating film in which both coating films are cured simultaneously ,
The intermediate coating material contains a melamine resin as a crosslinking agent, and the composition ratio of the polyester resin and the melamine resin is 50 to 90% by weight of the polyester resin and 50 to 10% of the melamine resin based on the total solid content of both. The melamine resin is a mixture of 10 to 30% by weight of hexabutoxymethylolated melamine and 90 to 70% by weight of hexamethoxymethylolated melamine, and has two or more hydroxyl groups in one molecule. And 1 to 20 parts by weight of a low molecular weight polyol component, which is a compound having a number average molecular weight of less than 3000, per 100 parts by weight in total of the polyester resin and the crosslinking agent.
JP24658297A 1997-09-11 1997-09-11 Multi-layer coating method Expired - Fee Related JP3949787B2 (en)

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