JP3937950B2 - Double-sided gap type rotating electric machine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is generally applied to a synchronous rotating machine, and is particularly suitable for an AC generator motor for a vehicle.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Since small size, light weight and high output are desired for vehicles, various methods for increasing the amount of field magnetic flux which dominates the performance have been proposed. As a typical prior art of a small high magnetic flux, a so-called Landel-type rotor including a boss part fitted to a shaft, a disk part, and a claw-shaped magnetic pole part on the outer peripheral side of the disk part is widely used. This is characterized by the fact that the field windings are concentrated and simply wound and applied in parallel to various magnetic circuits, so that the excitation ampere turn per pole can be set large, and the unique feature is that high output can be achieved.
[0003]
However, in consideration of the cooling performance of the armature coil that generates high power, the inner diameter of the armature is linked to the magnetic flux generated by the rotor, the peripheral speed is small, and the stator outer diameter, which is the physique of the generator However, the output was small.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention intends to propose a rotating machine with high output and high efficiency in order to solve the above-mentioned problems at the same time. Another object of the present invention is to devise a low-resistance structure based on an efficient synchronous machine, which is a permanent magnet type capable of field adjustment, and which enhances the cooling performance of the stator winding.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention solves the above-described problems as follows.
[0006]
As in the configuration shown in claim 1, a stator having armature windings, a first magnetic pole portion opposed to one end side of the stator via a gap, and a gap on the other end side of the stator And a magnetic field means for supplying a magnetic flux to the first and second magnetic pole portions of the rotor. This makes it possible to increase the amount of magnetic flux passing through the stator by using two surfaces on one end side and the other end side of the stator having the armature winding, and the outermost diameter of the stator is a gap. As a result, the peripheral speed due to rotation is greatly increased, and high output can be achieved.
[0007]
In the configuration shown in claim 1 , the rotor includes a boss portion fixed to the shaft, and a cylindrical first magnetic pole portion that extends from the boss portion and is provided via an outer periphery and a space of the boss portion. And a cylindrical second magnetic pole portion provided through the outer periphery and space of the first magnetic pole portion, and the field means is housed in a space between the boss portion and the first magnetic pole portion. It is a field winding, and the stator is provided between the first magnetic pole part and the second magnetic pole part. As a result, the field winding is wound with a small diameter, so that a large number of turns can be used for the resistance, the excitation force can be increased, the stator is small, and the magnetic loss is small. Therefore, high performance and downsizing combined with the features of the high excitation force of the field winding can be achieved.
[0008]
In the configuration shown in claim 1 , the rotor is a pair of field iron cores that are substantially divided into two at the central portion in the axial direction of the shaft, and each field iron core has a gap therebetween in the axial direction. An inner peripheral cylindrical portion forming a first magnetic pole portion and an outer peripheral cylindrical portion forming a second magnetic pole portion are formed, and has a substantially U-shaped iron core in cross section. Thereby, the rotor divided into two near the center of the armature can be excited in the inner and outer diameters of the armature by being U-shaped. In addition, the gap between the inner and outer diameters, unlike the Landell type claw, is substantially cylindrical and thus has a high strength against centrifugal force.
[0009]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, magnets are arranged at substantially equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the outer periphery of the first magnetic pole portion and the inner periphery of the second magnetic pole portion of the rotor. Thereby, since the permanent magnet is used for the field necessary for the output, it is compact including the axial thickness, and the efficiency is high.
[0010]
In the structure shown in Claim 3 , it is a cross-sectional substantially U-shaped bottom part which connects the 1st magnetic pole part and the 2nd magnetic pole part of the said rotor, Comprising: The side surface where the said magnet is arrange | positioned can ventilate cooling air Features. Thereby, by rotating this part as a window part, cooling air is generated and the armature coil can be cooled up close.
[0011]
In the structure shown in Claim 4 , the said stator has an armature core which consists of a laminated | stacked laminated iron plate, and several outer peripheral side teeth parts and inner peripheral side teeth parts, and these one pair of outer peripheral side teeth parts and It is comprised from the some connection part which connects between inner peripheral side teeth parts, and the said armature winding is wound by the said connection part.
[0012]
In the configuration shown in claim 5 , the armature winding is a toroidal winding wound around a circumferential yoke portion of the armature core, and the winding direction is different for each pitch or the connection is switched. It is characterized by becoming. As a result, the coil end of the winding can be made to the minimum dimension, so that a low resistance winding is possible. In this case, the winding direction is reversed or connected continuously for each pitch depending on the direction of the magnetic flux.
[0014]
In the structure shown in Claim 6 , it has a pair of frame which axially supports the said rotor, and has a stay extended in the outer peripheral side from the substantially center part of the said armature core in a part of said armature core. The tip of this stage has a divergent shape, and the tip is sandwiched and fixed between the pair of frames. As a result, the fixing stay for the stator is arranged in the center, so that the balance against the suction and repulsion force from the rotor is good, and the contact area with the frame is increased by making the stay tip wider. Assembly is possible with high accuracy.
[0015]
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, a speed change mechanism is provided between a shaft supporting the rotor and a shaft connected to the engine, transmission, or axle. As a result, the speed can be increased by the transmission, and the output can be significantly increased.
[0016]
In the configuration shown in claim 8 , the speed change mechanism is a planetary gear speed reduction mechanism, and the gear portion of the speed reduction mechanism is lubricated by engine lubricating oil. Thus, the gear portion can be lubricated by the lubricating oil of the engine, and the generator can further increase the output by increasing the speed.
[0017]
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, the magnet arrangement range on the first and second magnetic pole portions of the rotor is a laminated structure of magnetic steel plates.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[First Embodiment]
The configuration of the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0019]
First, the stator 1 is clamped and fixed to the drive frame 13 and the rear frame 14 as shown in FIGS. The stator 1 is made of a laminated iron plate laminated in the axial direction, and includes a plurality of outer teeth 1a and inner teeth 1c, and a pair of outer teeth 1a and inner teeth 1c. And a plurality of connecting portions 1b (core back).
[0020]
A fixing stay 1d sandwiched between the drive frame 13 and the rear frame 14 is attached to the outer peripheral side of the stator 1 and in the center in the axial direction. The number of the fixing stems 1d is provided at a ratio of 1 to the number 2 of the tooth portions. An armature winding 1f is wound around the iron core.
[0021]
Further, a support portion (not shown) for fixing the bobbin 12 around which the field winding 10 extending to the inner peripheral side is wound is provided in the center of the stator 1 in the axial direction. The bobbin 12 around which the field winding 10 is wound is fixed to the support portion by rivet 11 caulking, welding, press-fitting, and the like, and is suspended from the stator 1.
[0022]
In addition, the armature winding 1f is sequentially three-phase wound around the outer periphery of the connecting portion 1b (core back) of the stator 1 by a toroidal winding (see FIGS. 2, 3 and 7). The terminal line of the armature winding 1f and the terminal line of the field winding 10 are taken out of the frame 13 or 14, respectively.
[0023]
Next, a rotating field magnetic core is provided on two surfaces of the inner and outer diameters of the outer peripheral side tooth portion 1a and the inner peripheral side tooth portion 1c of the stator 1 via the outer peripheral surface side air gap surface 7 and the inner diameter side air surface 6. The outer diameter side magnetic pole group supported by 2 and 3 and the inner diameter side magnetic pole group are arranged to face each other. These rotating field iron cores 2 and 3 extend from boss portions 2a and 3a provided on the shaft 8 and end portions of the boss portions 2a and 3a, and are provided inside the boss portions 2a and 3a via a space. The cylindrical portions 2b and 3b and the inner cylindrical portions 2b and 3b extending from the end portions of the inner cylindrical portions 2b and 3b, and the outer cylindrical portions 2c and 3c provided through a space, are configured.
[0024]
The bobbin 12 around which the field winding 10 is wound is housed in a non-contact state between the boss portions 2a and 3a and the inner cylindrical portions 2b and 3b provided through the space. . Further, in a state where the boss portions 2a and 3a of the rotating field iron cores 2 and 3 are brought into contact with each other and assembled, a gap is formed between the tips of the inner cylindrical portions 2b and 3b, and the above support is provided between the gaps. Parts are arranged.
[0025]
Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 6, the side surface portions 2d and 3d extending from the inner cylindrical portions 2b and 3b to the outer cylindrical portions 2c and 3c have a shape that expands in the axial direction as they extend toward the outer peripheral side. A space that is formed by the portions 2b and 3b and the outer cylindrical portions 2c and 3c and extends in the axial direction is secured. And the stator 1 is accommodated in this space. Further, in a state where the boss portions 2a and 3a of the rotating field iron cores 2 and 3 are brought into contact with each other and assembled, a gap is formed between the tips of the outer cylindrical portions 2c and 3c, and the stator passes through the gap. One fixing stay 1d is arranged.
[0026]
Further, the boss portions 2a and 3a of the rotating field iron cores 2 and 3 are formed with two holes 2e and 3e extending from the end face side at positions opposite to each other by 180 degrees.
[0027]
In addition, six concave portions are formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the outer circumferences of the inner cylindrical portions 2b and 3b of the rotating field iron cores 2 and 3, and the first magnet 4 is fixed in the concave portions. In addition, six concave portions are formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the inner periphery of the outer cylindrical portions 2c, 3c of the rotating field cores 2, 3, and the second magnet 5 is fixed in the concave portions. The first and second magnets 4 and 5 are provided at positions facing each other.
[0028]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the polarity due to the field winding of the rotor 3 is N pole. The first and second magnets 4 and 5 to be installed have the same magnetic poles directed to the armature gap and are set as S poles and are opposite to each other by the field winding. At this time, the polarity of the rotor 2 on the opposite side is the S pole and the polarity on the same axis is the same. Assemble as follows. In this way, a high output can be obtained by arranging magnets having the same polarity as the magnetic poles of the field windings on the shaft with the inner and outer diameters. When the output is low, power is generated only with the magnet. When the output is not required, the output can be eliminated by applying the field current in reverse to make it the same polarity as the magnet (see FIG. 7).
[0029]
The portion of the rotor where the magnet is arranged, that is, the U-shaped portion, is not a magnetic path of the magnet and can be deleted. If it is deleted in a substantially V shape as shown in FIG. Is generated, and the nearby armature coil can be efficiently cooled. An output line of the armature disposed in the rotor is connected to the outside through a gap (armature fixing stay) between the two rotors. However, when other cooling methods are used, there is no need to delete the V-hour type.
[0030]
Then, the magnetic flux generated by the field winding 10 flows from the boss portion through the inner diameter of the armature and the U-shape of the rotor to the armature core from the outer diameter of the armature, and returns to the boss portion toward the opposing rotor. It becomes a road.
[0031]
Next, in FIG. 1, it is assumed that the above-described rotating electrical machine is directly mounted on the engine or transmission 30 or the like. The shaft 20 connected to the transmission 30 is supported by a bearing 21 of the drive frame 13. A planetary gear 22 that forms part of the planetary gear reduction mechanism is rotatably provided at the end of the shaft 20, and an internal gear 23 that engages with the planetary gear 22 is provided in the drive frame 13. It is stored. Further, a sun gear 8 a that engages with the planetary gear 22 is formed on the tip end side of the shaft 8.
[0032]
The generator shaft 8 is rotatably supported at one end side by a bearing on the inner peripheral side of the shaft 20 and at the other end by a bearing 15 provided on the rear frame 14.
[0033]
When a rotational force is transmitted from the outside to the shaft 20 of the transmission unit, the speed is increased by the ratio of the pinion gear 22, the internal gear 23 and the sun gear 8 a at the tip of the generator shaft 8, and is transmitted to the generator shaft 8. The accelerated shaft 8 rotates the rotors 2 and 3, and magnetic flux fluctuations are generated due to the rotation, and an electromotive force is generated in the armature winding 1 f.
[0034]
At this time, the lubricating oil in the engine is injected from the injection hole 13a to lubricate the gears and return to the engine through the clearance of the bearing 21. In order to prevent the injected oil from entering the generator, the outer peripheral side and the inner peripheral side of the internal gear 23 are sealed with an oil seal 24, an O-ring 26, and the like.
[0035]
Next, FIG. 8 shows a circuit diagram when the rotating electrical machine of the present invention is used as a generator.
[0036]
The three-phase output from the armature winding 1 f is supplied to the battery 32 via the rectifier 31. A switching element 33 is provided to control the current flowing through the field winding 10 connected to the output of the rectifier 31.
[0037]
FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram of the generator, and shows an output characteristic with respect to the number of revolutions when the current flowing through the field winding 10 is duty-controlled with a constant 13.5V. As is apparent from this characteristic diagram, when the duty is 0 (If = duty 0%), that is, even when no field current flows, a certain level of output can be obtained by the magnets 4 and 5 provided in the rotor. it can.
[0038]
If this output is not required, the current flowing through the field winding 10 is reversed, and the duty is set to 10%, and the output is further suppressed to 20%. Occurrence can be suppressed.
[0039]
Note that the reverse direction of the current flowing through the armature winding 10 is expressed as If = duty-%.
[0040]
[Other Embodiments]
As shown in FIG. 6, the armature winding 1 f may be wound directly on the outer periphery of the outer peripheral side tooth portion 1 a and the inner peripheral side tooth portion 1 c of the stator 1.
[0041]
In the above-described embodiment, the engine is directly connected and the planetary speed increasing mechanism is provided. However, a general pulley drive type or a built-in engine type may be used.
[0042]
In the above-described embodiment, the field winding is suspended from the armature core and the brushless type is used. However, an external excitation brush and slip ring for the field winding may be set.
[0043]
Further, the first magnetic pole part and the second magnetic pole part including the magnet housing part of the rotor may each be formed of a laminated plate.
[0044]
Moreover, although application of the generator was shown in the said Example, it is good also as a generator motor which used the rectifier circuit as the bidirectional | two-way inverter. The armature winding may be a flat wire having a substantially rectangular cross section or a round wire. Even if it is not toroidal winding, it is good also as distributed winding or hook winding.
[0045]
A plurality of three-phase circuits may be formed with a plurality of slots per magnetic pole / phase on the inner and outer diameters to reduce noise based on the third harmonic.
[0046]
That is, as described above, the armature winding and the armature core can be appropriately changed and devised depending on the design focus.
[0047]
With the configuration described above, air gaps are provided on the inner and outer diameters of the armature winding and the armature core provided with the armature winding, and the N and S poles are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction by the magnet and the field winding. By adopting the arrangement of the arranged rotor, the amount of magnetic flux passing through the stator can be increased, and since the outermost diameter of the stator is an air gap, the peripheral speed by rotation is greatly increased and the output is increased. It becomes possible.
[0048]
In addition, by arranging the stay for fixing the stator in the center, there is a good balance against the suction and repulsion force from the rotor, and by making the stay tip wider, the contact area with the frame also increases and accuracy is increased. It can be assembled well.
[0049]
With this configuration, both sides of the stator are air gaps, so that the axial dimension of both the iron core and armature winding is shortened, and a permanent magnet is used for half of the field required for output. It is compact, including the directional thickness, and is efficient. In addition, since the permanent magnet magnetic flux and the electromagnet magnetic flux can be applied to one armature winding interlinkage magnetic flux path, the armature winding magnetic flux can be adjusted by adjusting the magnetomotive force of one of the field windings. The sum of the amount of linkage can be controlled. That is, the amount of power generation can be easily varied without performing complicated control such as field weakening control by causing the current of the armature winding to flow by the inverter.
[0050]
Further, the rotor divided in the axial direction near the center forms a structure in which the armature can be fixed to the outer diameter side of the armature in the axial direction center and the field winding can be fixed to the inner diameter side.
[0051]
Further, the rotor divided into two near the center can simultaneously apply a large magnetomotive force to the magnetic pole group on the inner and outer diameter sides of the armature core by arranging magnetic poles by magnets and magnetic poles by field windings alternately. Therefore, the magnetic flux is linked only on the inner diameter side in the past, but because the inner and outer diameters of the armature are used, the magnetic flux increases and a large peripheral speed can be obtained, so that the overall performance improvement effect is increased. Therefore, further miniaturization can be achieved for the same rated performance requirement.
[0052]
Furthermore, the inner and outer diameters of the armature can be excited by making the rotor divided into two near the center of the armature U-shaped. In addition, the gap between the inner and outer diameters, unlike the Landell type claw, is substantially cylindrical and thus has a high strength against centrifugal force.
[0053]
In addition, the magnetic path portion by the field winding is not necessary in the portion where the U-shaped rotor magnet is arranged, so the magnetic path portion can be deleted. By rotating this portion as a window portion, cooling air is generated. The armature coil can be cooled up close.
[0054]
Further, since the magnetic flux excited from the inner and outer diameters passes through the core back of the armature core, the armature winding is toroidally wound around the core back. In the case of this winding, since the coil end of the winding can be made to the minimum size, a low resistance winding can be realized. In this case, the winding direction is reversed or connected continuously for each pitch depending on the direction of the magnetic flux.
[0055]
Furthermore, it is necessary to fix the armature core to the frame accurately and strongly. For this reason, if the part in contact with the frame is made a large and wide part, the area becomes large and assembly can be performed with high accuracy.
[0056]
In addition, since the rotor has a substantially cylindrical shape, the resistance against centrifugal force increases, and it is possible to increase the speed with a transmission. is there.
[0057]
When the planetary speed increasing mechanism is mounted on the shaft of the generator, the gear portion can be lubricated by the lubricating oil of the engine, and the output of the generator can be further increased by the speed increasing.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a first embodiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged plan view showing a part of the stator of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial sectional view showing a part of the stator and the rotor of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a rotor of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a rotor of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view showing a part of another stator and rotor according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an output characteristic diagram when the present invention is applied to a generator.
FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram when the present invention is applied to a generator.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Stator 1a ... Outer diameter side tooth part 1b ... Connection part 1c ... Inner diameter side tooth part 1d ... Fixing stay 1f ... Armature winding 2, 3 ... Rotor 2a, 3a ... Boss part 2b, 3b ... Inner cylinder Parts 2c, 3c ... outer cylindrical part 4 ... inner diameter side magnet,
5 ... outer diameter side magnet 6 ... inner diameter gap surface,
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 8 ... Rotating machine shaft 9 ... Pin 10 ... Field winding 11 ... Field winding bobbin 12 ... Rivet 13 ... Drive frame 14 ... Rear frame 15 ... Rear side bearing 16 ... Circlip 20 ... Transmission mechanism shaft 21 ... Shifting Mechanism bearing 22 ... pinion gear 23 ... internal gear 24 ... oil seal 25 ... 0 ring 26 ... 0 ring 30 ... engine or vehicle

Claims (9)

A stator having an armature winding; a first magnetic pole portion facing the one end surface of the stator via a gap; and a second magnetic pole portion facing the other end surface of the stator via a gap A rotor having
Field means for supplying magnetic flux to the first and second magnetic pole portions of these rotors ,
The rotor includes a boss portion fixed to the shaft, a cylindrical first magnetic pole portion that extends from the boss portion and is provided via a space, and an outer periphery of the first magnetic pole portion. It consists of a cylindrical second magnetic pole portion provided through a space,
The field means is a field winding housed in a space between the boss part and the first magnetic pole part, and the stator is between the first magnetic pole part and the second magnetic pole part. Provided,
The rotor is a pair of field iron cores that are substantially divided into two at the central portion in the axial direction of the shaft. Each of the magnetic cores has a first magnetic pole portion that is opposed to each other with a gap in the axial direction. A double-sided gap type rotating electric machine characterized in that a peripheral cylindrical part and an outer peripheral cylindrical part forming a second magnetic pole part are formed, and an iron core having a substantially U-shaped cross section is formed . 2. The double-sided gap type rotation according to claim 1 , wherein magnets are arranged at substantially equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the outer circumference of the first magnetic pole portion and the inner circumference of the second magnetic pole portion of the rotor. Electric. A first magnetic pole portion and the cross-sectionally substantially U-shaped bottom portion connecting the second magnetic pole portion of the rotor, side faces which are disposed the magnet according to claim 2, characterized in that it vent cooling air Double-sided gap type rotary electric machine. The stator has an armature core made of laminated laminated iron plates, and connects a plurality of outer peripheral teeth and inner teeth, and a pair of outer peripheral teeth and inner teeth. The double-sided gap type rotating electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the armature winding is wound around the connecting portion. Claim wherein the armature winding, characterized by comprising interchanging said a toroidal winding wound around the circumferential yoke portion of the armature core further winding direction is different or connection for each pitch 4. A double-sided gap type rotating electric machine according to 4. A pair of frames for axially supporting the rotor;
A part of the armature core has a stay extending from the substantially central portion of the armature core to the outer peripheral side, the distal end portion of the stage has a divergent shape, and the distal end portion is the pair of frames. The double-sided gap type rotating electric machine according to claim 4 , wherein the double-sided gap type rotating electric machine is clamped and fixed to. The double-sided gap type rotating electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein a transmission mechanism is provided between a shaft supporting the rotor and a shaft connected to an engine, a transmission, or an axle. . 8. The double-sided gap type rotating electric machine according to claim 7 , wherein the speed change mechanism is a planetary gear speed reduction mechanism and lubricates a gear portion of the speed reduction mechanism with engine lubricating oil. The double-sided gap type rotating electric machine according to claim 2, wherein a magnet arrangement range in the first and second magnetic pole portions of the rotor is a laminated structure of magnetic steel plates.

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