CN101569076A

CN101569076A - Stator for a multiple phase rotary electric machine, multiple phase rotary electric machine including such rotor, and method for making such rotor

Info

Publication number: CN101569076A
Application number: CN200780047885.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 理查德·特里尔
Original assignee: Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS
Current assignee: Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS
Priority date: 2006-12-22
Filing date: 2007-12-20
Publication date: 2009-10-28
Also published as: WO2008087341A3; FR2910736A1; JP2010514406A; EP2095487A2; US20100109471A1; FR2910736B1; WO2008087341A2

Abstract

The invention relates to a stator for a multiple-phase rotary electric machine, in which each phase includes at least one winding, each winding including coils (70) with several turns (73), the stator (5) comprising a body (50) having an axial length (L) and having on the inside a plurality of notches (60) defined by teeth (61), each tooth (61) being surrounded by a coil (70), characterised in that the body (50) of the stator (5) includes two complementary annular parts (501, 502) each having a partial axial length (L1, L2), the teeth (61) of the body (50) being alternately connected to one or the other of said parts (501, 502) of the stator (5) body (50). The multiple-phase rotary electric machine is characterised in that it comprises a stator according to the invention. The method comprises the following steps: surrounding the teeth (61) of the first part (501) and the teeth (61) of the second part (502) of the stator's (5) body (50) with a coil (70); and assembling the two parts (501, 502) of the stator's (5) body (50).

Description

Be used for polyphase rotating machine stator, comprise the polyphase rotating machine of this stator and make the method for this stator

Technical field

The present invention relates to be used for polyphase rotating machine stator, comprise the polyphase rotating machine of this stator and make the method for this stator.

The present invention is applied to auto industry and specifically is applied to the alternating current generator-starter and the alternating current generator field of motor vehicle.

Background technology

According to the design of electric rotating machine, electric rotating machine is used as current generator, electric notor or reversible engine, and described reversible engine can be used as generator and as motor operated.

Current generator, polyphase alternator for example is for example being converted to induced current in the coil of stator by rotatablely moving of oil-engine driven excitation rotor.On the contrary, the electric current that is applied to the coil of motor stator drives one via armature spindle and is confined to the member rotation of rotating with armature spindle.Therefore, in this operator scheme, motor is converted to mechanical energy to electric energy.The exemplary that is converted to the electric rotating machine of electric current rotatablely moving is the alternating current generator that uses in motor vehicle, and it is used to the operation that is installed in the various unit on the motor vehicle to provide required.Identical hereto application, the exemplary that electric energy is converted to the electric rotating machine of mechanical energy is a starter motor.

Alternatively, electric rotating machine can be a reversible engine, it is designed to be used as alternating current generator-starter in automotive field,, carry out the alternating current generator function in the time of in operating in the current generator pattern and the machine of execution starter motor function when operating in the electric notor pattern in the time that is.

At alternating current generator or operating in the alternating current generator-starter of current generator pattern, stator is an armature component and rotor is an element.On the contrary, in the alternating current generator-starter that operates in the electric notor pattern, stator is an element and rotor is an armature component.

Comprise having two-part at least housing such as alternating current generator and the such electric rotating machine of alternating current generator-starter, bearing and back bearing before these two parts are called, this housings support stator, this track ring is around the rotor that is fixed to armature spindle, armature spindle is at its one axial end place carrying driving member, for example belt pulley or gear, this driving member are parts that is used for transmitting the device of motion between internal combustion engine and alternating current generator or alternating current generator-starter.

Rotor comprises at least one field coil that is connected to voltage regulator.Stator comprises main body, the coil that this main body carrying has a plurality of phases, every at least one winding that comprises mutually, the output of these windings is electrically connected to rectifying device, be used for when stator is armature a plurality of alternating currents that produce mutually of stator are carried out rectification, direct current is used to battery charge and/or is the power consumption unit power supply of the In-vehicle networking of motor vehicle.Rectifying device comprises for example diode bridge.

The field coil of rotor can be fixed and be connected to voltage regulator or be installed in the rotor.In this case, armature spindle is at its another axial end portion place carrying collector ring, and this collector ring is connected by electrical wiring to the end of field coil.Brush as the part of the brush carrier that is connected to voltage regulator rubs on collector ring.

The main body of stator be generally lamination to reduce eddy current.Lamination comprises a plurality of notches, and described notch alignment is to form axial groove.

These grooves are sealing or semi-enclosed type, and in this case, each notch is open on the inner rim of main body of stator.Notch is alternately defined by tooth, and two continuous notches are separated by tooth.

The winding of stator coil is installed in the notch, and the number of notch changes according to the application and the number of phases.Therefore, for the three-phase rotating electric machine with pawl utmost point type rotor, and wherein this rotor for example has two utmost points wheel and each utmost point wheel has six teeth, and then each stator has 36 notches.

In one embodiment, for example, winding is the continuous lines winding that the mode with wavy (undulating) or interleave (interleaved) forms around a plurality of teeth in notch.Utilize the continuous lines winding, the height of ratio that notch is filled by winding not as expecting.

Alternatively, for the power and the increase notch filling rate that increase machine, winding is the bar shaped winding, and it comprises the bars connected to one another by welding.

In another variation example, each tooth is all only by a coil encircling.

The advantage that polyphase rotating machine is better than single-phase electric rotating machine is that by increasing the number of phases, the pulsation of armature supply can be reduced and can obtain more stable voltage.Simultaneously, in order to increase the power of machine, must increase the number of windings.Yet for given rotor girth, increase the number of phases and increased the number of teeth, and reduced the width of notch thus, increase the number of windings or notch filling rate and mean that winding must relative to each other more closely be provided with.This causes producing the practical problem of winding in less space.

The scheme that proposes in document US 2005/0269895A1 is a winding around on the tooth that separates with stator, then " being equipped with " tooth is turned back in the stator.In the example of the described later stator with 28 teeth, this scheme influence management and operate a large amount of parts, i.e. 28 teeth, corresponding 28 coils and 28 possible notch insulating parts.And this scheme will make under the situation of reasoning at least can't production continuous lines winding.

Under the situation that size does not increase and the size of motor does not increase thus of the main body of stator, if the number of teeth is big and tooth between the space can not increase, this causes being convenient to producing the problem of the winding of motor stator.

Summary of the invention

Thus, the objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned defective.

Purpose of the present invention realizes by a kind of stator of polyphase rotating machine, every at least one winding that comprises mutually, each winding comprises the coil with a plurality of wire turns, this stator has main body, this main body has axial length and has a plurality of notches in inside, this notch is defined by tooth, and each tooth is by coil encircling.

According to the present invention, the main body of stator comprises the annular section of two complementations, and each all has section axial length these two annular sections, and the tooth of main body alternately is fixed to one of two parts of stator body or another.

Because the present invention can increase the notch filling rate, keep some to produce the convenience of winding simultaneously.

By producing two semidefinite (half-stator), they each all comprises the tooth of half quantity only and has big notch of twice or space thus.These bigger spaces between two continuous teeth can be provided with by the standard coil winding machine and twine coil in place.The number of times of points (windingstation) of replacing must loading and unloading winding the line equals the number of teeth, and for example 28 times, only twice of its loading and unloading.

Even when producing the final wire turn of coil, still be that lead and guiding piece keep enough spaces.At last, ifs circuit figure helps like this, and the coil that is positioned at the same circuit on same semidefinite is produced serially, and it has avoided connecting these coils subsequently.

And, the annular concentric part of the main body of stator being distributed or being divided into two complementations does not influence the formation of two main parts with identical axial length, but there is the possibility that forms two main parts with different axial lengths, for example, if the design aspect of electric rotating machine makes the situation that it is favourable.The tooth of the main body of rotor distributes on two main parts in a mode, and this mode is one of their these two parts of alternately being fixed to main body or another, and each of two parts of main body all has complete tooth.Therefore, winding is to the axial length of these two parts that fixedly are independent of rotor subject of tooth.

If the axial length of two parts of rotor subject is identical, this is favourable, but not necessarily.

Also be used in for polyphase rotating machine and produce the electric current this respect in the coil of electromagnetic retarder, advantageously, stator be provided so that its with around the water jacket thermo-contact.

More particularly, stator of the present invention can be set to by at least one circle conduit around, this conduit is formed for the water jacket of this stator of water-cooled.

In alternative embodiment, each of two parts of the main body of rotor all be set to be configured for water-cooled stator water jacket corresponding half.

Purpose of the present invention also realizes by the method that production is used for the stator of polyphase rotating machine, wherein, every at least one winding and each winding of comprising mutually comprises the coil with a plurality of wire turns, stator is equipped with main body then, this main body has axial length and has a plurality of notches in inside, and this notch is defined by tooth, and each tooth is all by coil encircling, main body has the annular section of two complementations, and each annular section all has section axial length and alternately is fixed to one of tooth and another.

Polyphase rotating machine is characterised in that it comprises stator of the present invention.

According to the present invention, this method may further comprise the steps:

With the tooth of the first of coil encircling stator body, then around the tooth of the second portion of stator body; With

These two parts of the main body of assembling stator.

Because this method also proves, the present invention produces a kind of rotary electric machine with winding, it is in two parts, then with this two parts assembling, more particularly, for the production of winding, enclose at each tooth rim and to make the notch filling rate of the stator of being produced very high when winding is carried in the space that provides enough.

And the present invention provides bigger flexibility aspect being provided with of notch insulating part, and these insulating parts are necessary.

Because the present invention can be placed on the notch insulating part in the notch, still,,, then this assembled is arrived corresponding tooth if the type of notch for opening wide can at first be assemblied in each coil around the insulating part as a kind of replacement before coil is installed.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 shows interior ventilation alternating current generator, and it comprises stator of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the perspective view of stator of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is one a perspective view of two parts of stator of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the perspective view of two parts of the main body of stator of the present invention, and these two parts are axially aligned in order to assembling; With

Fig. 5 is the perspective view of coil, and this coil is installed on its tooth that is associated, the type of notch for opening wide.

Embodiment

Fig. 1 shows the interior ventilation automotive alternator that is equipped with two fans.

This alternating current generator comprises the driving member 1 of (seeing above) belt pulley form, and it is a unshowned part that is used for transmitting the device of motion between the internal combustion engine of vehicle and this alternating current generator in Fig. 1.Rotating shaft 2 partly passes this member 1, and this driving member is confined to this rotating shaft and rotates, and the axial axis of symmetry X-X of this rotating shaft constitutes the rotation of this motor.

This rotating shaft 2 carrying rotors 4, pawl utmost point rotor for example, this rotor is provided with at least one field coil, and this field coil is also known as magnet exciting coil.Rotor 4 is comprised that around, this stator is every one or more windings are to constitute armature coil by wound stator 5 mutually.Rotor 4 is by preceding bearing 8 and 6 carryings of back bearing, and these two the axial end portion places that are seated against them comprise the ball bearing of supporting rotating shaft 2.

Axis X-X also constitutes the axis of rotor 4 and stator 5.

Bearing the 6, the 8th, hollow and be joined together to form the housing that carries stator 5 of the present invention in inside by pull bar (no Reference numeral).

Back bearing 6 carrying brush carriers (no Reference numeral), the brush of brush carrier is suitable for going up friction at collector ring (no Reference numeral), this collector ring is connected to field coil or magnet exciting coil (invisible) by wire connections, pawl utmost point rotor 4 comprises this field coil or magnet exciting coil between two

utmost point wheel

27,29, each utmost point wheel has the axial orientation tooth 45 of interleave.When the magnet exciting coil of rotor was powered, magnetic pole formed the ratio formation of a utmost point with each tooth 45 of utmost point wheel.

Boring zone 26 is arranged in the base portion 127 of at least one tooth 45 of rotor, is used to make this rotor dynamic balancing.This balance realizes that by removing material it produces blind hole 25.

In the example of Fig. 1, alternating current generator comprises two fans, and a fan 9 is positioned at the front portion of rotor, and fan 7 is positioned at the rear portion, and two fans all are fixed to rotor.The different embodiment of alternating current generator can comprise a fan, are generally aft-fan 7, and it is more powerful than the forefan 9 that is positioned at the end place identical with driving pulley 1 end of living in.

Can see that from this Fig. 1 stator comprises main body 50, this main body is fixed to bearing 6,8, and has the air circulation that the hole is used for being undertaken by

fan

7,9 inside.These main body 50 carrying coils are stated later, and this

overhang

51,52 is called hair worn in a bun or coil shape assembly at this, extends the whole length of the main body 50 of stator 5.

These hair worn in a bun or

coil shape assemblies

51,52 must be by fan cooled.Therefore what need is, makes the coil of stator have suitable structure, allows well the passing through of air in the zone of hair worn in a bun or coil shape assembly.

Alternatively, alternating current generator is cooled by the circulation of cooling fluid, for example passes through the cooling water of the internal combustion engine of vehicle.In this case, housing comprises the chamber of the circulation that is used for cooling water.For example, this chamber is the part of bearing after the hollow that the cover cap of bearing seals before forwardly locating to be configured.Alternatively, this chamber can be the part of two bearings.Replacedly adopt the encapsulation scheme of the type of describing among the document FR 2793083.Therefore, the main body of stator can limit the cylindrical surface of chamber.

Alternatively, can adopt the scheme of the type of describing in the document WO 2005/062444, alternating current generator then constitutes the current generator of electromagnetic retarder.The main body of stator is

Alternatively, alternating current generator by the cooling water of internal combustion engine circulation and the circulation by air the two be cooled.

For example, housing can have three parts, and the main body 50 of stator is partly carried by the middle casing between preceding bearing and the back bearing.This mid portion then is provided with the boiler water circulation chamber, and this chamber can also be the part of one of them bearing in one embodiment.

In all situations, expectation be, the power of the generator of increasing exchanges and performance, it is alternatively for reversible and be made of alternating current generator-starter, for example describes in the document WO 01/69762 of reference or document FR A 2 745 444.

The main body 50 of the stator here is that (laminated) of lamination is to reduce eddy current.This main body 50 and stator 5 have annular shape.

Lamination comprises a plurality of notches 60 (Fig. 2,5).These notch 60 alignment are to form axial groove.

Notch 60 among Fig. 2 is semiclosed types, but can be towards the unlimited type of the inner rim of main body 50, as shown in Figure 5 comparably.This inner rim defines cylindrical hole, has small air gap between the neighboring of the inner rim of the main body 50 of stator 5 and annular ferromagnetic material rotor 4.

Notch 60 in two kinds of situations all the inner rim place in main body 50 have opening, this opening is wideer in Fig. 5 than in Fig. 2.

Notch 60 opens wide towards inside thus and is alternately defined by tooth 61, that is, two

continuous teeth

61,61 define notch 60 and two

continuous notches

60,60 and separated by tooth 61.Main body 50 is easy to make thus.

In an illustrated embodiment, the utmost point is taken turns each main body 50 that all has eight teeth 45 and stator and is had 28 teeth, and alternating current generator has seven phases.

Certainly, this depends on application.In one embodiment, the number of the tooth 61 of every phase of stator equals half of number of tooth of each utmost point wheel of pawl utmost point rotor.

Alternatively, the number of teeth of every phase of stator equals or doubles the number of teeth of utmost point wheel.

Tooth 61 has parallel edge 63,62 (Fig. 3,5).These tooth broads have the strip material that is called as yoke between the neighboring of the bottom 64 of notch 60 and main body 50.

Parallel edge

63,62 in Fig. 5 is used to install the coil that is prefabricated into.Alternatively, can directly be wound on the tooth of stator.

Show tooth 61 in Fig. 2-4 exactly, its inner rim place in the main body 50 of stator comprises the inward flange 161 that is called foot, is used for defining the notch 60 of semiclosed type.

More precisely, alternating current generator or alternating current generator-starter motor be heterogeneous type and comprise the coil with a plurality of phases, every at least one winding that comprises mutually thus.

For clearer, the part of phase winding only is shown among Fig. 5.

Every phase winding comprises coil 70, and this coil is made (see figure 5) by the lead that twines repeatedly to form a plurality of wire turns 73.These wire turns 73 have width 74 and height 75.

Can see the importation 71 of winding and the output 72 of coil 70, this output 72 is connected to another coil 70, so that coil is connected bunchiness (in cluster).

For example, lead has uiform section and is made of enamel covered wire.

The single tooth 60 of each coil encircling.This tooth can be broken away, shown in the dotted line among Fig. 5.

Certainly, lead can have circle, rectangle or flat cross section.

Therefore, every phase winding comprises the coil 70 of the wire turn of width such as having.These coils 70 are installed around the tooth 61 with

parallel edge

62,63.

Fig. 2 to 5 does not illustrate the notch insulating part, and this insulating part can be arranged between the

edge

62,63 or bottom 64 of coil and notch 60, so that coil and main body 50 separate and prevent to destroy their insulation.

Such insulating part is for example stated in list of references FR 2 890 798.

Certainly, in Fig. 5, utilize the notch 60 of open type, coil can be installed around the notch insulating part, and this insulating part screw thread is arranged on the associated teeth and has the lower limb that is used for hold-in winding.

This lower limb replaces the lower limb 161 of the semiclosed type tooth of Fig. 2.

Therefore, in all situations, the given tooth 61 that has big figure, it is important that coil 70 is installed on the wound stator 5 easily.

Fig. 2 shows stator body 50 of the present invention, comprises the annular section 501,502 of two complementations, and each annular section all has section axial length L 1, L2.As mentioned above, main body 50 comprises tooth 61, and each tooth all is used to carry coil.Each tooth 61 has axial length L, and this length is corresponding to the axial length of main body 50.Two section axial length L 1 of two annular sections 501,502 of main body 50, L2's and equal the axial length L of main body 50 and tooth 61 thus.Therefore, being positioned at coil with the same phase of a part on 501,502 can utilize because of lacking free space that another part 502,501 stays and be wound on the tooth 61 continuously or easily be installed on the tooth 61.

Fig. 3 is the perspective schematic view of part 501 of the main body 50 of stator 5 of the present invention.The first 501 that Fig. 3 more specifically shows stator body has partial-length L1, and each tooth 61 has line shaft to length L, and tooth 61 protrudes along the direction of the axial length of part 501 or along equidirectional from the part 501 of main body 50.Tooth 61 all is in their final structures about the size of each tooth with about the interval between the tooth.

Fig. 4 shows two parts 501,502 of the main body 50 of stator 5, and they are axially alignment and angled the biasing each other, so that two parts 501,502 can be assembled to form the main body 50 of stator 5.Even (homogeneous) of the tooth 61 on the main body 50 after two parts 501,502 angled layout relative to each other is confirmed as guaranteeing to assemble distributes.

Two parts 501,502 that Fig. 4 more specifically shows the main body 50 of stator 5 of the present invention are formed feasible, and when two parts faced with each other and axially align, the respective teeth 61 of each of these two parts was extended towards another part respectively.

Although not shown in the accompanying drawings, two parts 501,502 of main body 50 advantageously comprise the aligning assisted parts, and it also is called as mistake proofing parts (polariser), are used to guarantee that these two parts relative to each other correctly are orientated when assembling.These mistake proofing parts are formed on two edges of facing of two parts 501,502 of main body 50 of stator 5, and for example can adopt the axial notch made on of two edges and the form of the corresponding tenon on another edge.

In one embodiment, two parts 501,502 of the main body 50 of stator 5 fit together by screw element.

Alternatively, two parts 501,502 weld together at the axial end portion place that they contact with each other.

These parts can be riveted together.

Alternatively, assembling can be passed through banding (banding) realization.Rivet, pull bar, screw element are advantageously in the yoke of embedded part 501,502.

In the accompanying drawings, part 501,502 has identical axial length, but alternatively, their length can be different.

Certainly, the stator of electric rotating machine alternately is the part of the current generator in the coil of electromagnetic retarder, described in document WO 2006/010863.

Generally speaking, this stator can contact with the water jacket (waterjacket) around it.

Certainly, the length of tooth is alternately less than the axial length L of stator body 50.For example, tooth can protrude a distance from a section axial ground, and this distance is less than the axial length of another part, so that hair worn in a bun or coil shape assembly can have the winding head of different length.

Because the short length of tooth, the length of hair worn in a bun or

coil shape assembly

51,52 can be conditioned.A hair worn in a bun or coil shape assembly can have than the big axial length of another hair worn in a bun or coil shape assembly.

More precisely, as described in document FR 2 785 464, alternatively, hair worn in a bun or coil shape assembly can be in axial direction more protrudes than another hair worn in a bun or coil shape assembly another axial end with respect to main body 50 with respect to the corresponding axial end of main body 50, to reduce because the operation noise that air movement causes.

Opposite with the instruction among the document FR 2 785 464, the coil that this needn't axially mobile stator 5 just can be realized.

Can easily realize 4 to 8mm side-play amount thus, as above-mentioned document, or realization is less than the less offset amount of 4mm.These all depend on application.

Alternatively, at least one in the hair worn in a bun or coil shape assembly do not protruded.Then this hair worn in a bun or coil shape assembly is covered and protection by the yoke of main body 50.

Stator is then cooled off by water jacket, as above-mentioned mode, for example described in the document FR 2 793 083.Alternatively, fan or each fan 9 are aerofoil fans.

Certainly, can understand that the tooth of one of them annular section of the main body of stator can have the length of tooth of another annular section of the main body that is different from stator from this explanation.

Certainly, tooth can be connected to each part 501,502 that is reduced to yoke, for example by the dovetail assembly.After mounting teeth, coil can be wound onto or be installed on the tooth.

Claims

1. the stator of a polyphase rotating machine, every at least one winding that comprises mutually, each winding comprises the coil (70) with a plurality of wire turns (73), stator (5) has main body (50), this main body has axial length (L) and has a plurality of notches (60) in inside, this notch is defined by tooth (61), each tooth (61) by coil (70) around, it is characterized in that, the main body (50) of stator (5) comprises the annular section (501 of two complementations, 502), each annular section all has section axial length (L1, L2), the tooth (61) of main body (50) alternately is fixed to described two parts (501 of the main body (50) of stator (5), 502) part (501) in or another part (502).

2. stator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the axial length (L1, L2) of described two parts (501,502) of the main body (50) of stator (5) equates.

3. stator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, stator (5) be set to around its water jacket thermo-contact.

4. stator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the axial length that the tooth (61) of the main body (50) of stator (5) has equals the axial length of the main body (50) of stator (5).

5. stator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the axial length that the tooth (61) of the main body (50) of stator (5) has is less than the axial length of the main body (50) of stator (5).

6. stator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, notch (60) has parallel edge (62,63); And coil (70) by etc. the wire turn (73) of width form.

7. stator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, tooth (61) is sealed by electrical insulating material.

8. stator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described two parts (501,502) of the main body (50) of stator (5) are by screw element or pull bar assembling.

9. a polyphase rotating machine, particularly automotive alternator or alternating current generator-starter is characterized in that it comprises according to each described stator of aforementioned claim.

10. a production is used for the method for the stator (5) of polyphase rotating machine, wherein, every at least one winding that comprises mutually, and each winding comprises the coil (70) with a plurality of wire turns (73), stator (5) has main body (50), this main body has axial length (L) and has a plurality of notches (60) in inside, described notch is defined by tooth (61), each tooth (61) by coil (70) around, main body (50) is characterized in that, from main body (50), this main body comprises the annular section (501 of two complementations, 502), each annular section has section axial length (L1, L2) and alternately be fixed to tooth (61), this method may further comprise the steps:

With the tooth (61) of coil (70), then around the tooth (61) of the second portion (502) of the main body (50) of stator (5) around the first (501) of the main body (50) of stator (5); With

Described two parts (501,502) of the main body (50) of assembling stator (5).