JP3936776B2 - Admixture and concrete composition - Google Patents
Admixture and concrete composition Download PDFInfo
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- JP3936776B2 JP3936776B2 JP16281697A JP16281697A JP3936776B2 JP 3936776 B2 JP3936776 B2 JP 3936776B2 JP 16281697 A JP16281697 A JP 16281697A JP 16281697 A JP16281697 A JP 16281697A JP 3936776 B2 JP3936776 B2 JP 3936776B2
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- admixture
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- cement
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/06—Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、コンクリート、モルタル等のセメント量を低減させることができ、且つ得られるコンクリート等に高強度を付与する新規な混和材及び該混和材を含むコンクリート組成物に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、混和材としては、高炉水砕スラグ、フライアッシュ、膨張材、天然ポゾラン、シリカフューム等が知られている。中でもフライアッシュは、石炭を燃料として使用する火力発電所の副産物として主に得られており、コンクリートに混入させて、単位水量の減少、ワーカビリチーの改善等の目的に多く使用されている。このフライアッシュは、ＪＩＳ規格において、比重１．９５以上、比表面積２５００ｃｍ2／ｇ以上、４５μｍふるい残分４０％以下、ＳｉＯ2４５％以上であることが規定されている。
【０００３】
ところで、石炭を燃料として使用する火力発電所の副産物が全てフライアッシュとして使用できるものではなく、特に加圧流動床発電所からの副産物は、フライアッシュに比べてＳｉＯ2の含有割合が低く、ＣａＯ及びＳＯ3の含有割合が高いために、前記フライアッシュの規格をほとんど充足しない。これは、ボイラー内の燃焼温度が従来より低く、しかも脱硫のために石灰石粉を用いているためと考えられる。当然、このようなフライアッシュの規格を充足しない副産物は、混和材として使用できるとは考えられておらず、有効利用方法が確立されていないのが実状である。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、コンクリート、モルタル等に含有させることによりセメント量を低減させることができ、コンクリート等に高強度を付与する新規な混和材を提供することにある。
本発明の別の目的は、従来火力発電所等における加圧流動床からの副産物においてフライアッシュとして使用できなかった石炭灰を利用した新規な混和材を提供することにある。
本発明の他の目的は、前記新規な混和材を含み、強度的に優れた安価なコンクリート組成物を提供することにある。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明によれば、ＳｉＯ2、Ａｌ2Ｏ3、Ｆｅ2Ｏ3、ＣａＯ及びＳＯ3を含み、ＳｉＯ2含有割合が３０〜４０重量％、Ａｌ 2 Ｏ 3 含有割合が１５〜３５重量％、Ｆｅ 2 Ｏ 3 含有割合が１〜１０重量％、ＣａＯ含有割合が１０〜３０重量％、ＳＯ3含有割合が３．０〜１０重量％である化学組成を有し、比表面積が１００００ｃｍ2／ｇ以上の石炭灰からなることを特徴とする混和材が提供される。前記石炭灰としては、石炭を脱硫のための石灰石粉と共に加圧流動床において燃焼反応させた後に集塵設備から採取した石炭灰が利用できる。また本発明によれば、セメント、骨材、水及び前記混和材を含むコンクリート組成物が提供される。
【０００６】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の混和材は、ＳｉＯ2、Ａｌ2Ｏ3、Ｆｅ2Ｏ3、ＣａＯ及びＳＯ3を含み、ＳｉＯ2含有割合が３０〜４０重量％、ＣａＯ含有割合が１０〜３０重量％ＳＯ3含有割合が３．０〜１０重量％である化学組成を有し、比表面積が１００００
ｃｍ2／ｇ以上の特定の石炭灰（以下石炭灰Ａと称す）を有効成分とする。
【０００７】
ＳｉＯ2、ＣａＯ及びＳＯ3以外の含有される成分の含有割合は特に限定されるものではなく、通常のフライアッシュの組成と同程度の含有割合で十分である。例えばＡｌ2Ｏ3含有割合は１５〜３５重量％、Ｆｅ2Ｏ3含有割合は１〜１０重量％が好ましい。石炭灰Ａにおいて、ＳｉＯ2、Ａｌ2Ｏ3、Ｆｅ2Ｏ3、ＣａＯ及びＳＯ3の合計の含有割合は、通常９０〜９８重量％程度であり、残部は特に限定されない。石炭灰Ａの粒径は特に限定されないが、４５μｍふるいを全て通過する粒径が好ましい。
【０００８】
前記石炭灰Ａは、石炭を加圧流動床で燃焼反応させた後に集塵設備から採取することにより得ることができる。好ましくは、石炭を脱硫のための石灰石粉と共に加圧流動床において燃焼反応させた後に集塵設備から採取することに得られるものが望ましく、特に加圧流動床複合発電所において、石炭を加圧流動床で燃焼反応させた後に第２集塵設備（２次サイクロン）から採取することにより得られるものが好ましい。このように加圧流動床からの副産物を再利用することにより、本発明の混和材のコストを下げることができると共に、環境的にも好ましい。
【０００９】
本発明の混和材は、通常、コンクリートのセメント成分の１５〜３０重量％を置換する割合で使用することによって、コンクリート強度を１０〜３０％程度改善することができる。
【００１０】
本発明のコンクリート組成物は、セメント、骨材、水及び前記混和材Ａを含む。
セメントとしては、普通ポルトランドセメント、早強ポルトランドセメント、中庸熱ポルトランドセメント等の各種ポルトランドセメントや特殊セメントを用いることができる。
骨材としては、天然骨材、人工骨材等の通常コンクリートに用いる骨材や細骨材を用いることができる。
水は、セメントの反応に悪影響を与える物質が含有されていなければ良く、水道水、地下水、河川水、回収水、海水の何れであっても良い。
【００１１】
本発明のコンクリート組成物において、水／（セメント＋混和材Ａ）の割合は、５５〜３０重量％、特に４０〜３０重量％が好ましい。また、セメントと混和材Ａとの合計量に対する混和材Ａの含有割合は、１５〜３０重量％が好ましい。骨材の含有割合は通常のコンクリートの含有割合と同程度で良い。
【００１２】
本発明のコンクリート組成物には、前記必須成分の他に、通常コンクリートに添加される各種添加剤等を含有させることもできる。具体的には、混和材Ａ以外の混和材、ＡＥ剤、減水剤、高性能減水剤、高性能ＡＥ減水剤等を含有させることができる。特に高性能ＡＥ剤やＡＥ剤の含有割合を調節することにより所要のスランプ及び空気量を確保することができる。
【００１３】
本発明のコンクリート組成物は、通常のコンクリートと同様に施工することができ、特に高強度コンクリートとして使用できる。
【００１４】
【発明の効果】
本発明の混和材は、従来のフライアッシュとは異なる化学組成を有し、特定の加圧流動床の副生物を利用できるので、コスト的にも安価であり、コンクリート、モルタル等のセメント含有割合を削減して強度を改善することができる。また本発明のコンクリート組成物は、前記本発明の混和材を含有するので、高強度コンクリートを安価に得ることができる。
【００１５】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により更に詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
実施例１
石炭を石灰石粉と共の燃焼反応させる加圧流動床発電所の２次サイクロンから産出される石炭灰を回収した。回収した石炭灰を蛍光Ｘ線分析装置により化学成分を酸化物量に換算して分析した結果、ＳｉＯ2３７．０重量％、Ａｌ2Ｏ3３１．１重量％、Ｆｅ2Ｏ3６．６重量％、ＣａＯ１３．８重量％、ＭｇＯ０．４重量％、ＳＯ3６．９重量％及びＫ2Ｏ０．２重量％であった。この石炭灰の比重は２．７２、比表面積は１５７８０ｃｍ2／ｇであり、４５μｍのふるいを全て通過する粒径であった。
回収した石炭灰を混和材として、表１に示す組成のコンクリート組成物を調製し、硬化させた。コンクリート組成物の練り混ぜは、セメント、混和材、細骨材、骨材を最初に１０秒間空練りした後、水、高性能ＡＥ減水剤を添加し、１２０秒本練りして行った。尚、セメントは普通ポルトランドセメント（比重３．１６、比表面積３２８０ｃｍ2／ｇ）、細骨材は川砂（比重２．６２、吸水率１．４９％）、粗骨材は最大径２０ｍｍの砕石（比重２．７２、吸水率０．６０％）を用いた。また、ポリカルボン酸エーテル系と架橋ポリマーからなる高性能ＡＥ減水剤及び変成アルキルカルボン酸系界面活性剤からなるＡＥ剤を適宜添加してスランプ及び空気量を調節した。対照として、混和材を配合しないコンクリートも調製した。得られた各コンクリートの材齢７、２８及び５６日における圧縮強度をＪＩＳ Ａ １１０８に準拠して測定した。結果を表１に示す。
表１の結果より、前記石炭灰を配合した場合、材齢７日では配合しないものと略同程度の強度が得られ、材齢２８日以降では配合しないものに比して強度が増強しているので、この石炭灰は混和材として機能することが判る。また、この混和材を配合したコンクリートは強度が増強する。
【００１６】
【表１】
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel admixture capable of reducing the amount of cement such as concrete and mortar and imparting high strength to the obtained concrete and the like and a concrete composition containing the admixture.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, blast furnace granulated slag, fly ash, expansion material, natural pozzolana, silica fume, and the like are known as admixtures. Among them, fly ash is mainly obtained as a by-product of thermal power plants that use coal as fuel, and is often used for the purpose of reducing unit water volume and improving workability by mixing with concrete. According to JIS standards, this fly ash is specified to have a specific gravity of 1.95 or more, a specific surface area of 2500 cm 2 / g or more, a 45 μm sieve residue of 40% or less, and a SiO 2 of 45% or more.
[0003]
By the way, not all by-products of thermal power plants that use coal as fuel can be used as fly ash, and especially by-products from pressurized fluidized bed power plants have a lower SiO 2 content compared to fly ash, CaO and for the content of SO 3 is high, hardly satisfy the standard of the fly ash. This is presumably because the combustion temperature in the boiler is lower than that in the prior art and limestone powder is used for desulfurization. Naturally, it is not considered that such a by-product that does not satisfy the standard of fly ash can be used as an admixture, and the effective utilization method has not been established.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a novel admixture that can reduce the amount of cement by being contained in concrete, mortar, and the like, and that imparts high strength to concrete or the like.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel admixture using coal ash that cannot be used as fly ash in a by-product from a pressurized fluidized bed in a conventional thermal power plant or the like.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive concrete composition containing the novel admixture and excellent in strength.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the present invention, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , CaO and SO 3 , SiO 2 content is 30 to 40% by weight, Al 2 O 3 content is 15 to 35% by weight, Fe 2 O 3 content is 1 to 10% by weight, CaO content is 10 to 30% by weight, SO 3 content is 3.0 to 10% by weight, and the specific surface area is 10000 cm 2 / g. An admixture comprising the above coal ash is provided. As the coal ash, coal ash collected from a dust collection facility after the coal is subjected to a combustion reaction in a pressurized fluidized bed together with limestone powder for desulfurization can be used. Moreover, according to this invention, the concrete composition containing a cement, an aggregate, water, and the said admixture is provided.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The admixture of the present invention contains SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , CaO and SO 3 , SiO 2 content is 30 to 40 wt%, CaO content is 10 to 30 wt% SO 3 It has a chemical composition with a proportion of 3.0 to 10% by weight and a specific surface area of 10,000.
Specific coal ash (hereinafter referred to as “coal ash A”) of cm 2 / g or more is used as an active ingredient.
[0007]
The content ratio of components other than SiO 2 , CaO and SO 3 is not particularly limited, and a content ratio comparable to that of a normal fly ash composition is sufficient. For example, the Al 2 O 3 content is preferably 15 to 35% by weight, and the Fe 2 O 3 content is preferably 1 to 10% by weight. In the coal ash A, the total content of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , CaO and SO 3 is usually about 90 to 98% by weight, and the balance is not particularly limited. The particle size of the coal ash A is not particularly limited, but a particle size that passes through all 45 μm sieves is preferable.
[0008]
The coal ash A can be obtained by collecting coal from a dust collection facility after the coal is subjected to a combustion reaction in a pressurized fluidized bed. Preferably, it is desirable to obtain coal from a dust collection facility after combustion reaction in a pressurized fluidized bed with limestone powder for desulfurization, particularly in a pressurized fluidized bed combined power plant. What is obtained by making it extract | collect from a 2nd dust collection equipment (secondary cyclone) after making it burn-react in a fluidized bed is preferable. By reusing the by-product from the pressurized fluidized bed in this way, the cost of the admixture of the present invention can be reduced and environmentally preferable.
[0009]
In general, the admixture of the present invention can improve the concrete strength by about 10 to 30% by using 15 to 30% by weight of the cement component of the concrete.
[0010]
The concrete composition of the present invention contains cement, aggregate, water and the admixture A.
As the cement, various Portland cements and special cements such as ordinary Portland cement, early-strength Portland cement, and moderately hot Portland cement can be used.
As the aggregate, it is possible to use aggregates and fine aggregates used for normal concrete such as natural aggregates and artificial aggregates.
The water may be any of tap water, ground water, river water, recovered water, and seawater as long as it does not contain a substance that adversely affects the reaction of cement.
[0011]
In the concrete composition of the present invention, the ratio of water / (cement + admixture A) is preferably 55 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably 40 to 30% by weight. Further, the content ratio of the admixture A with respect to the total amount of the cement and the admixture A is preferably 15 to 30% by weight. The content ratio of the aggregate may be about the same as the content ratio of ordinary concrete.
[0012]
In addition to the essential components, the concrete composition of the present invention may contain various additives that are usually added to concrete. Specifically, an admixture other than the admixture A, an AE agent, a water reducing agent, a high performance water reducing agent, a high performance AE water reducing agent, and the like can be contained. In particular, the required slump and air amount can be ensured by adjusting the content of the high-performance AE agent and the AE agent.
[0013]
The concrete composition of the present invention can be constructed in the same manner as ordinary concrete, and can be used particularly as high-strength concrete.
[0014]
【The invention's effect】
The admixture of the present invention has a chemical composition different from that of conventional fly ash and can use a specific by-product of a pressurized fluidized bed. Can be reduced to improve strength. Moreover, since the concrete composition of the present invention contains the admixture of the present invention, high-strength concrete can be obtained at low cost.
[0015]
【Example】
Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates further in detail, this invention is not limited to these.
Example 1
Coal ash produced from the secondary cyclone of a pressurized fluidized bed power plant that causes coal to undergo a combustion reaction with limestone powder was recovered. As a result of analyzing the recovered coal ash by converting the chemical component into the amount of oxide with a fluorescent X-ray analyzer, SiO 2 37.0 wt%, Al 2 O 3 31.1 wt%, Fe 2 O 3 6.6 wt% %, CaO 13.8 wt%, MgO 0.4 wt%, SO 3 6.9 wt% and K 2 O 0.2 wt%. The specific gravity of the coal ash was 2.72, the specific surface area was 15780 cm 2 / g, and the particle size passed through all the 45 μm sieves.
Using the recovered coal ash as an admixture, concrete compositions having the compositions shown in Table 1 were prepared and cured. The kneading of the concrete composition was performed by first kneading cement, admixture, fine aggregate, and aggregate for 10 seconds, then adding water and a high-performance AE water reducing agent, and kneading for 120 seconds. Cement is ordinary Portland cement (specific gravity 3.16, specific surface area 3280 cm 2 / g), fine aggregate is river sand (specific gravity 2.62, water absorption 1.49%), coarse aggregate is crushed stone with a maximum diameter of 20 mm ( Specific gravity 2.72, water absorption 0.60%) was used. Moreover, the slump and the amount of air were adjusted by appropriately adding a high-performance AE water reducing agent comprising a polycarboxylic acid ether and a crosslinked polymer and an AE agent comprising a modified alkylcarboxylic acid surfactant. As a control, concrete with no admixture was also prepared. The compressive strength at age 7, 28 and 56 days of each concrete obtained was measured according to JIS A 1108. The results are shown in Table 1.
From the results in Table 1, when the coal ash is blended, the strength is almost the same as that not blended at the age of 7 days, and the strength is enhanced compared to that not blended after the age of 28 days. Therefore, it can be seen that this coal ash functions as an admixture. Moreover, the strength of concrete mixed with this admixture increases.
[0016]
[Table 1]
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16281697A JP3936776B2 (en) | 1997-06-19 | 1997-06-19 | Admixture and concrete composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16281697A JP3936776B2 (en) | 1997-06-19 | 1997-06-19 | Admixture and concrete composition |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH1112000A JPH1112000A (en) | 1999-01-19 |
| JP3936776B2 true JP3936776B2 (en) | 2007-06-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16281697A Expired - Lifetime JP3936776B2 (en) | 1997-06-19 | 1997-06-19 | Admixture and concrete composition |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3936776B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4679935B2 (en) * | 2005-03-10 | 2011-05-11 | 九州電力株式会社 | Chip mix |
| JP2007238380A (en) * | 2006-03-09 | 2007-09-20 | Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc:The | Prestress concrete product and concrete structure |
| JP2007330929A (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2007-12-27 | Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc:The | Method for manufacturing civil engineering and construction material |
| JP5124745B2 (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2013-01-23 | 独立行政法人国立高等専門学校機構 | Molded body and method for producing molded body |
| JP5274055B2 (en) * | 2008-03-03 | 2013-08-28 | 中国電力株式会社 | Filler |
| JP4937285B2 (en) * | 2009-01-29 | 2012-05-23 | 中国電力株式会社 | Manufacturing method of concrete secondary product and concrete secondary product |
| CN104628278A (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2015-05-20 | 艾正安 | Activated volcanic ash powder and finished product thereof |
-
1997
- 1997-06-19 JP JP16281697A patent/JP3936776B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH1112000A (en) | 1999-01-19 |
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