JP3932381B2

JP3932381B2 - Heating panel and heating device using the heating panel

Info

Publication number: JP3932381B2
Application number: JP2002181129A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 一浩相曽; 和彦森
Original assignee: Yazaki Corp; Iida Sangyo Co Ltd
Current assignee: Yazaki Corp; Iida Sangyo Co Ltd
Priority date: 2002-06-21
Filing date: 2002-06-21
Publication date: 2007-06-20
Anticipated expiration: 2022-06-21
Also published as: JP2004028362A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、床や壁に内装された暖房装置に係り、特に潜熱蓄熱材を利用して床面あるいは壁面あるいはその双方から暖房する暖房装置に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、太陽電池を用いる床暖房としては、特開２０００―１４６２１０号公報に記載されたものがある。
【０００３】
この公報には、太陽光を受けて発電する太陽電池１と、該太陽電池１から出力される直流電流をエネルギー源として加熱される床暖房パネル３とを含んで構成され、前記床暖房パネル３は、外周枠３ｄと、外周枠３ｄ下面を閉じるように配置された床下パネル３ｊと、床下パネル３ｊの上に、下から順に配置されて該床パネルに内装された弾性のある断熱材３ｉ，断熱材３ｉよりも硬い断熱材３ｈ、前記太陽電池１に接続された電気ヒータ３ｅ、該電気ヒータ３ｅで加熱される潜熱蓄熱材を内装した容器３ｃと、その上面をなす床下地３ｂ，床仕上材３ａと、を含んで構成された太陽電池を使った床暖房装置が記載されている。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記公報記載の床暖房装置は、電気ヒータ３ｅ下面が断熱材３ｈにじかに接触しているため、床下への放熱ロスが大きかった。
【０００５】
本発明の課題は、電気ヒータと潜熱蓄熱材を使った暖房用パネル及びこの暖房用パネルを用いた暖房装置において、暖房用パネルの室外側への放熱ロスを低減させ、室内側を効率よく暖房することにある。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、上記の課題を達成するために、室内側の面に床材または壁材を装着して床または壁の一部をなす床パネルまたは壁パネルと、床パネルまたは壁パネルの中にその室外側の面全体を覆うように装着された断熱材と、互いに対向する二つの面を備え、断熱材の室内側の面に一方の面を接し、他方の面を床材または壁材の室外側の面に対向させて床パネルまたは壁パネルに内装されたヒータ・潜熱蓄熱材ユニットと、を含んでなる暖房用パネルであって、ヒータ・潜熱蓄熱材ユニットは、シート状の電気ヒータと、このシート状の電気ヒータの両面にそれぞれ接するように配置され、電気ヒータが発生する熱を蓄熱する潜熱蓄熱材が封入された一対の潜熱蓄熱材容器を含んでなり、断熱材には、凹部が形成され、ヒータ・潜熱蓄熱材ユニットが凹部に嵌め込まれており、一対の潜熱蓄熱材容器の一方の容器の電気ヒータに接する面と反対側の面が断熱材に接するとともに、他方の容器の電気ヒータに接する面と反対側の面が床材または壁材の室外側の面に対向するように配置されてこの他方の容器とこの床材または壁材との間に空気層が設けられてなり、この他方の容器の空気層側の面に凹凸を形成するとともに、この凹凸に合わせてアルミフィルムを覆った構成としたものである。
【０００７】
このように構成されたヒータ・潜熱蓄熱材ユニットの潜熱蓄熱材を封入した容器の一方を、暖房用パネルの一方の側（室外側）に配置された断熱材の室内側の面に接して配置し、潜熱蓄熱材を封入した容器の他方を、暖房用パネルの他方の側（室内側）に配置された壁材あるいは床材の室外側の面に対向させて配置することで、電気ヒータの壁材あるいは床材の側（すなわち、電気ヒータの室内側）に配置された潜熱蓄熱材から壁面あるいは床面に向かって放熱して暖房するとともに、電気ヒータの断熱材の側（すなわち、電気ヒータの室外側）に配置された潜熱蓄熱材により、電気ヒータの室内側に配置された潜熱蓄熱材の熱が室外側に放熱されるのが抑制される。さらに、電気ヒータの室内側の潜熱蓄熱材容器の室内側の面に凹凸を形成するとともに、この凹凸に合わせてアルミフィルムを覆うことにより、放射による熱損失を抑える一方、放熱面積を大きくすることによる時間当りの放熱量を大きくすることを可能にして、室内を効率よく暖房することができる。
【０００８】
シート状の電気ヒータの両側に潜熱蓄熱材を封入した容器（潜熱蓄熱材容器）を配置して電気ヒータを潜熱蓄熱材でサンドイッチ状に挟むヒータ・潜熱蓄熱材ユニットを形成する代わりに、潜熱蓄熱材を封入した容器内部にシート状の電気ヒータを配置し、このシート状の電気ヒータで潜熱蓄熱材を封入した容器内部を電気ヒータの室内側と電気ヒータの室外側に区分するようにしてもよい。
【０００９】
また、前記潜熱蓄熱材を封入した容器と電気ヒータは、両者間の熱移動を前記容器の平面的な位置の各所で均等にし且つ促進するため、両面接着のアルミフィルムテープで接着するのが望ましい。
【００１０】
電気ヒータ及び前記容器は、断熱材に形成された前記凹部の広さと同じ形状、大きさとして床パネルの中央部分に設置し、その比率は床パネルの床面積の１／２〜２／３程度とするのがよい。
【００１１】
床パネルの室内側の面には床材が取り付けられるが、床材下面と室内側の潜熱蓄熱材容器上面の間には、厚さ３〜１０ｍｍの空気層を設けるのが望ましい。この空気層は断熱層として作用し、昼間の蓄熱時の放熱が抑制され、少ない熱量でも潜熱蓄熱材がよく融けて蓄熱される。昼間は暖房の必要性が少ないから放熱は少なくてよいし、夜になっても一気に放熱が促進されないから、放熱が長時間持続する。
【００１２】
壁パネルにヒータ・潜熱蓄熱材ユニットを設置して暖房用パネルとする場合も、上記床パネルと同様の構成としてよい。
なお、上記床パネル、壁パネルは、工場でヒータ・潜熱蓄熱材ユニットを組み込んだものとしてもよいし、建築現場で床パネル、壁パネルを形成しながらヒータ・潜熱蓄熱材ユニットを組みこむようにしてもよい。
【００１３】
上記の課題はまた、電気ヒータを内装した暖房用パネルと、この暖房用パネルの前記電気ヒータに接続され、該電気ヒータに電力を供給する電力源、商用電源への接続手段、電力源と商用電源への接続手段の双方のうちのいずれかと、を含んで暖房装置を形成し、前記暖房用パネルとして上記構成の暖房用パネルを用いたものによっても、同様に達成される。
【００１４】
上記の構成によれば、電気ヒータの室外側、室内側の双方に潜熱蓄熱材を封入した潜熱蓄熱材容器がそれぞれ配置され、電気ヒータに太陽電池の電力あるいは商用電源の電力が供給されると、潜熱蓄熱材容器の潜熱蓄熱材が相変化して蓄熱する。すなわち、電気ヒータの室外側に配置された断熱材と電気ヒータの間には、蓄熱した潜熱蓄熱材が介在しており、電気ヒータの室内側に配置されている潜熱蓄熱材から室外側、つまり断熱材側への放熱が抑制される。したがって、電気ヒータの室内側に配置されている潜熱蓄熱材容器の潜熱蓄熱材から室内側への放熱量が増加すると共に、放熱時間が延長される。
【００１５】
太陽電池は屋根などの太陽光線が十分当たる場所に配置し、その直流出力を直接前記電気ヒータに供給する。暖房装置が使用されるのは主として太陽の高度が低い期間であるので、太陽電池の設置に際しては、太陽光入射面と水平面のなす角度を、冬季の太陽高度を考慮して大きくとるのが望ましい。
【００１６】
選定する太陽電池出力としては電気ヒータ面積１ｍ²あたり、４００〜６００ｗ程度を供給できる容量とする。
【００１７】
潜熱蓄熱材の蓄熱容量は、電気ヒータの両側の蓄熱材合わせて、電気ヒータの面積１ｍ²当り、５．０〜８．４ＭＪ程度の容量とする。
【００１８】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面を参照して本発明の第１の実施の形態に係る、太陽電池を熱源とする暖房用パネルを用いた暖房装置を説明する。
【００１９】
図１に、本実施の形態の全体配置を示す。図示のように、本実施の形態は、家屋の屋根上に太陽光入射面を水平面に対して傾斜させて配置された太陽光発電手段である太陽電池１と、該家屋のトイレの床の一部を構成する暖房用パネル３と、該暖房用パネル３と前記太陽電池１を接続する配線２と、を含んで構成されている。太陽電池１の傾斜の度合いは、設置場所の冬季の太陽高度を勘案して設定されるのが望ましいが、屋根傾斜に合わせて設置するようにしてもよい。太陽電池１につながる前記配線２は、軒裏から屋内に引き込まれ、壁面に沿って導設されて床下に導かれる。配線２は、床下で前記暖房用パネル３の下面の接続端子に接続される。
【００２０】
暖房用パネル３は、あらかじめ工場生産され、前記家屋の建設現場で土台に設置されるもので、図２に、その斜視図を示す。図３は図２のＡ−Ａ線矢視断面（鉛直面で切って見た断面）を示す。図示の暖房用パネル３は、中空箱状の床パネルと、該床パネルに内装された断熱材３ｈ、及び２基のヒータ・潜熱蓄熱材ユニットを含んで構成され、各ヒータ・潜熱蓄熱材ユニットは、シート状の電気ヒータ３ｅと、このシート状の電気ヒータ３ｅの両側面に接して配置され、それぞれ潜熱蓄熱材を封入した樹脂製の潜熱蓄熱材容器３ｆ，３ｇと、を含んで構成されている。潜熱蓄熱材容器３ｆ，３ｇの潜熱蓄熱材は、電気ヒータ３ｅが発生する熱を吸収して相変化し、蓄熱する。
【００２１】
シート状の電気ヒータ３ｅに電力を供給するための接続端子は、暖房用パネル３の下面に設置されている。なお、図３では、ヒータ・潜熱蓄熱材ユニットを１基として図示してある。
【００２２】
床パネルは、底板である床下パネル３Ｊと、壁体をなす外周枠である枠材３ｄと、枠材３ｄの上面に取りつけられた床材からなり、床材は、枠材３ｄの上蓋をなす床下地３ｂと、床下地３ｂの上に接着された床仕上げ材３ａと、から形成されている。床パネルの外形寸法は、９１０ｍｍ×１３１５ｍｍで、ヒータ・潜熱蓄熱材ユニットは、シート状の電気ヒータ３ｅと、この電気ヒータ３ｅを挟んで配置された外形寸法１０ｍｍ×２４０ｍｍ×５７０ｍｍの潜熱蓄熱材容器３ｆ，３ｇで構成され、このヒータ・潜熱蓄熱材ユニットが２基、並べて配置されている。電気ヒータ３ｅの外形寸法も、２４０ｍｍ×５７０ｍｍとしてある。
【００２３】
床下パネル３Ｊの上全面に、枠材３ｄの深さ全体に、剛性のある断熱材３ｈである硬質発泡ウレタンフォームが配置されている。硬質発泡ウレタンフォームの上面には、平面図形が方形の凹部が二つ並んで均一深さに形成され、この二つの凹部それぞれに、下方、つまり室外側から順に、アルミフィルム３ｉ、潜熱蓄熱材を封入した第１の潜熱蓄熱材容器３ｆ、電気ヒータ３ｅ、潜熱蓄熱材を封入した第２の潜熱蓄熱材容器３ｇ、アルミフィルム３ｋ、が重ねて配置されている。アルミフィルム３ｋの上面と前記床下地３ｂの下面の間には、厚さ３ｍｍの空気層３ｃが形成されている。
【００２４】
潜熱蓄熱材としては、酢酸ナトリウム水和塩を主成分としたものを使用した。この他に、硫酸ナトリウム、チオ硫酸ナトリウム、塩化カルシウムなどの各水和塩も使用可能である。潜熱蓄熱材の蓄熱容量は、第１の潜熱蓄熱材容器３ｆ、第２の潜熱蓄熱材容器３ｇそれぞれ同じで、両方合わせて、電気ヒータ３ｅの面積１ｍ^２当り、５．０ＭＪとした。いうまでもなく、潜熱蓄熱材容器の厚みを変えることで蓄熱容量を変えることが可能であり、例えば二つの潜熱蓄熱材容器の厚みをそれぞれ１５ｍｍとして、蓄熱容量を二つの潜熱蓄熱材容器合わせて、電気ヒータ３ｅの面積１ｍ^２当り、８．４ＭＪ程度としてもよい。
【００２５】
電気ヒータ３ｅの面積と第１の潜熱蓄熱材容器３ｆ及び第２の潜熱蓄熱材容器３ｇの底面積はほぼ同じとしてあり、３者はアルミフィルムの両面接着テープを間に挟んで接合されてサンドイッチ状のヒータ・潜熱蓄熱材ユニットを形成している。
【００２６】
暖房用パネルの工場組立てに際しては、床下パネル３Ｊと枠材３ｄを結合した状態で、順に、断熱材（硬質発泡ウレタンフォーム）３ｈ，ヒータ・潜熱蓄熱材ユニットを取付ける。ついで床下地３ｂを枠材３ｄに取り付ける。床仕上げ材３ａは、工場組立て段階で床下地３ｂの上に接着してもよいし、床下地３ｂが取り付けられた床パネルを建設現場で土台上に設置し、室内の工事がほぼ終了した段階で床下地３ｂの上に接着するようにしてもよい。なお、本明細書でいう暖房用パネルは、工場で組立てるプレハブ式の床パネルや壁パネルだけを指すのではなく、建築現場で、在来工法の根太組み、板張りの工程に合わせて、断熱材３ｈ、ヒータ・潜熱蓄熱材ユニットを組み込んで暖房パネル（床パネル、壁パネル）を構成するものも含んでいる。
【００２７】
潜熱蓄熱材は厚さ１０ｍｍの平板状に形成された前記樹脂製の潜熱蓄熱材容器３ｆ，３ｇに密閉封入されているが、内部に少量の空気が一緒に封入されており、潜熱蓄熱材が相変化により膨張しても容器の板状部分が若干膨らむ程度である。これに合わせて、潜熱蓄熱材容器３ｆ，３ｇに接合される電気ヒータ３ｅには、変形自在のカーボン面状ヒータを使用した。
【００２８】
次に上記構成の暖房装置の動作を説明する。太陽電池１に太陽光が当たると電流が発生し、その直流電流は配線２を経て直接電気ヒータ３ｅに流れる。電気ヒータ３ｅは流れる電流で熱を生じ、その熱で、固体となっている潜熱蓄熱材を融解し、潜熱、顕熱の形で蓄熱すると共に、周囲の部材を加熱する。
【００２９】
潜熱蓄熱材に昼間蓄積された熱は、日射のなくなった夜間に逐次放熱され、床面を一定温度に保って床暖房が行われる。潜熱蓄熱材容器３ｇと床下地３ｂ間の空気層３ｃは、断熱層として作用し、昼間の蓄熱時の放熱が抑制され、少ない熱量でも潜熱蓄熱材がよく融けて蓄熱される。昼間は暖房の必要性が少ないから放熱は少なくてよいし、夜になっても一気に放熱が促進されないから、放熱が長時間持続する。なお、本実施の形態では、空気層３ｃの厚みは３ｍｍとしたが、３〜１０ｍｍであればよい。
【００３０】
なお、本実施の形態では、第２の潜熱蓄熱材容器３ｇの上面にアルミフィルム３ｋが貼りつけられており、このアルミフィルム３ｋは、放射による熱損失を抑える役割を果たしている。
【００３１】
また、断熱材としては、硬質発泡ウレタンフォームに限らず、難燃剤グレードで耐熱が１００℃程度あれば他の断熱材でもよい。発泡スチロールなども使用可能である。
【００３２】
本実施の形態によれば、電気ヒータ３ｅの室外側、室内側の双方に潜熱蓄熱材を封入した潜熱蓄熱材容器３ｆ，３ｇがそれぞれ配置され、電気ヒータ３ｅに太陽電池１の電力が供給されると、潜熱蓄熱材容器３ｆ，３ｇの潜熱蓄熱材が相変化して蓄熱する。すなわち、電気ヒータ３ｅの室外側に配置された断熱材３ｈと電気ヒータ３ｅの間には、蓄熱した潜熱蓄熱材が介在しており、電気ヒータ３ｅの室内側に配置されている潜熱蓄熱材から室外側、つまり断熱材３ｈ側への放熱が抑制される。したがって、電気ヒータ３ｅの室内側に配置されている第２の潜熱蓄熱材容器３ｇの潜熱蓄熱材から室内側への放熱量が増加すると共に、放熱時間が延長される。
【００３３】
また、暖房能力を増加させるためには蓄熱容量を増大させる必要があるが、電気ヒータの室内側にのみ潜熱蓄熱材を配置する従来技術の場合、容器底面積が一定であれば、蓄熱容量を増大させるには、容器厚みを増すことになる。容器厚みを増すと、潜熱蓄熱材の熱伝導率が低いので、電気ヒータの熱が離れたところまで伝わりにくく、潜熱蓄熱材が融けきれない個所が生じ、蓄熱能力が発揮しきれなくなる。本実施の形態では、電気ヒータ３ｅの両側に潜熱蓄熱材が配置されるから、第１の潜熱蓄熱材容器の熱が第２の潜熱蓄熱材容器に伝達される。したがって、第２の潜熱蓄熱材容器の潜熱蓄熱材だけで暖房に利用できる熱量を蓄熱しなくて済むし、かつ放熱ロスも低減されることから、第２の潜熱蓄熱材容器の厚みを、潜熱蓄熱材が完全に融ける程度の厚みにすることで、太陽電池の出力を十分に蓄熱することができる。
【００３４】
図４に本発明の第２の実施の形態に係る暖房用パネルの例を示す。図４の（ａ）は本実施の形態の暖房用パネルの断面図を示し、図４の（ｂ）は、図４の（ａ）のＡ部を拡大して示したものである。本実施の形態が前記第１の実施の形態と異なるのは、第２の潜熱蓄熱材容器３ｇの上面に凹凸が形成されている点であり、他の構成は前記第１の実施の形態と同じであるので、説明を省略する。
【００３５】
アルミフィルム３ｋは、第２の潜熱蓄熱材容器３ｇの上面の凹凸に合わせて貼り付けてある。
【００３６】
本実施の形態によれば、第２の潜熱蓄熱材容器３ｇの上面に凹凸が形成されているので、放熱面積が大きくなり、時間当り放熱量を大きくできる効果がある。
【００３７】
なお、上記各実施の形態では、電気ヒータ３ｅは変形自在のカーボン面状ヒータを使用したが、第２の潜熱蓄熱材容器３ｇの下面及び第１の潜熱蓄熱材容器３ｆの上面を互いに嵌り込むような凹凸を備えた形状とし、電気ヒータ３ｅをそれに合わせて変形させて挟み込むようにしてもよい。このように構成すれば、電気ヒータ３ｅの放熱面積が大きくなり、潜熱蓄熱材を加熱する場合の効率が向上し、潜熱蓄熱材の容量を大きくした場合の対応が容易になる。
【００３８】
図５に本発明の第３の実施の形態に係る暖房用パネルの例を示す。本実施の形態は、暖房用パネルを壁に適用したものである。アルミフィルム３ｉは断熱材３ｈと第１の潜熱蓄熱材容器３ｆに接着され、アルミフィルム３ｋは第２の潜熱蓄熱材容器３ｇに接着されている。そして床下地３ｂ，床仕上材３ａに代えて、壁下地３ｂ’，壁仕上材３ａ’が取りつけられている。
【００３９】
本実施の形態によれば、壁面からの放熱による暖房を行う場合でも、第２の潜熱蓄熱材容器３ｇの潜熱蓄熱材から室外側への放熱量が低減され、室内側への放熱量が増加すると共に、補熱時間が延長される効果がある。
【００４０】
図６に、前記第１の実施の形態の暖房用パネル（以下、サンドイッチ形パネルという）と特開２０００−１４６２１０号公報の図３、図４に記載された暖房用パネル（以下、シングル形パネルという）との比較結果を示す。いずれも実物大の暖房用パネルを用いた。サンドイッチ形パネルは、潜熱蓄熱材容器の大きさが１０ｍｍ×２４０ｍｍ×５７０ｍｍのものをシート状の電気ヒータの両側に各１個配置し、蓄熱容量は二つの潜熱蓄熱材容器合わせて、電気ヒータの面積１ｍ^２当り、５．０ＭＪ、シングル形パネルは、潜熱蓄熱材容器の大きさが２０ｍｍ×２４０ｍｍ×５７０ｍｍのものをシート状の電気ヒータの一方の側（室内側）だけに１個配置し、蓄熱容量は一つの潜熱蓄熱材容器で、電気ヒータの面積１ｍ^２当り、５．０ＭＪである。
【００４１】
上記二つの暖房用パネルに、曇りの日を想定した電力を商用電源を用いて入力し、潜熱蓄熱材容器表面の温度変化を比較した。入力電力量は、積算日射量４０００Ｗ／ｍ^２を想定した５６０Ｗｈとした。
【００４２】
図６は横軸に時刻をとり、縦軸に温度をとって、潜熱蓄熱材容器表面の温度変化を示してある。電力の入力は１０時に開始し、１５時３０分に終了した。線Ａはサンドイッチ形パネルの第１の潜熱蓄熱材容器表面の温度を、線Ｂはサンドイッチ形パネルの第２の潜熱蓄熱材容器表面の温度を、線Ｃはシングル形パネルの潜熱蓄熱材容器表面の温度を、線Ｄはサンドイッチ形パネルの床面の温度を、線Ｅはシングル形パネルの床面の温度を、線Ｆは室温を、それぞれ示している。
【００４３】
電力の入力が終了すると自動的に放熱が始まる。線Ａで示されるサンドイッチ形パネルの第１の潜熱蓄熱材容器表面の温度が最も高くなっているが、これは、第１の潜熱蓄熱材容器が断熱材と電気ヒータに挟まれていて、蓄熱中の放熱量が少ないためである。また、蓄熱材が完全に溶解しているため、放熱時の温度低下が緩やかになっている。線Ｂで示されるサンドイッチ形パネルの第２の潜熱蓄熱材容器表面の温度は、床面からの放熱があるため、第１の潜熱蓄熱材容器表面の温度よりも低くなっている。
【００４４】
一方、線Ｃで示されるシングル形パネルの潜熱蓄熱材容器表面の温度は、電力の入力終了時点では、サンドイッチ形パネルの第２の潜熱蓄熱材容器表面の温度との差は約３℃であるが、２０時を過ぎた頃から急速に低下し、０時には、サンドイッチ形パネルの第２の潜熱蓄熱材容器表面の温度との差は約９℃となっている。この結果、床表面の温度は、０時の時点で、シングル形パネルの場合に比べサンドイッチ形パネルの方が約５℃高い。
【００４５】
つまり、潜熱蓄熱材の温度保持時間、床温度の保持時間とも、シングル形パネルの場合に比べサンドイッチ形パネルの方が延長されている。いいかえると、温度安定時間が長くなっている。これは、サンドイッチ形パネルの場合、第１の潜熱蓄熱材容器の蓄熱材の熱が、第２の潜熱蓄熱材容器の蓄熱材に伝達、補給され、第２の潜熱蓄熱材容器の蓄熱材の放熱による温度低下が緩やかになったためである。さらに、サンドイッチ形パネルの場合、電気ヒータの両側に潜熱蓄熱材容器があるので、電気ヒータの熱が両側の蓄熱材に伝達され、蓄熱が効率よく行われるので潜熱蓄熱材容器の温度も上がりやすいが、シングル形パネルの場合は、電気ヒータの熱が片側の潜熱蓄熱材容器にしか伝達されないこと、及び潜熱蓄熱材容器の容量がサンドイッチ形パネルの第１あるいは第２の潜熱蓄熱材容器の容量より大きいため厚みがサンドイッチ形パネルのものより厚くなり、熱が表面まで伝わりにくいことのために、潜熱蓄熱材容器の表面温度が上がりにくい。
【００４６】
上記各実施の形態では、シート状の電気ヒータの両側に潜熱蓄熱材を封入した一対の潜熱蓄熱材容器を配置して電気ヒータを潜熱蓄熱材でサンドイッチ状に挟むヒータ・潜熱蓄熱材ユニットを形成しているが、一対の潜熱蓄熱材容器で電気ヒータをサンドイッチ状に挟む代わりに、潜熱蓄熱材を封入した容器内部に、潜熱蓄熱材を室内側と室外側に分ける位置、姿勢に電気ヒータを固定配置し、この電気ヒータの両側（室内側と室外側）に潜熱蓄熱材が所望の比率で存在するように電気ヒータの位置を設定してもよい。
なお、上記実施の形態では、電気ヒータの電源として太陽電池を用いた例を示したが、太陽電池だけでなく燃料電池などの他の電力源や、商用電源を用いてもよいし、太陽電池と商用電源を併用し、太陽電池だけでは熱量不足の場合に商用電源による夜間の蓄熱を行うようにしてもよい。また、太陽電池と燃料電池などの他の電力源とを併用したり、燃料電池などの他の電力源と商用電源を併用してもよい。
【００４７】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、電気ヒータと潜熱蓄熱材を使った暖房用パネル及びこの暖房用パネルを用いた暖房装置において、暖房用パネルの放熱ロスを低減させることが可能になった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の第１の実施の形態を示す全体配置図である。
【図２】図１に示す実施の形態の太陽電池と暖房用パネルを示す斜視図である。
【図３】図１に示す暖房用パネルの構成を示す断面図である。
【図４】本発明の第２の実施の形態に係る暖房用パネルを示す断面図である。
【図５】本発明の第３の実施の形態に係る暖房用パネルを示す斜視図である。
【図６】本発明に係る暖房装置を用いて行った暖房実験の結果を示すグラフである。
【符号の説明】
１太陽電池
２配線
３床暖房パネル
３ａ床仕上材
３ｂ床下地
３ｃ空気層
３ｄ枠材
３ｅ電気ヒータ
３ｆ第１の潜熱蓄熱材容器
３ｇ第２の潜熱蓄熱材容器
３ｈ断熱材
３ｉアルミフィルム
３ｊ床下パネル
３ｋアルミフィルム
３ｍ潜熱蓄熱材[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a heating device installed on a floor or a wall, and more particularly to a heating device that uses a latent heat storage material to heat from a floor surface or a wall surface or both.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as floor heating using a solar cell, there is one described in JP 2000-146210 A.
[0003]
This publication includes a solar cell 1 that receives sunlight to generate power, and a floor heating panel 3 that is heated by using a direct current output from the solar cell 1 as an energy source. Are an outer peripheral frame 3d, an underfloor panel 3j disposed so as to close a lower surface of the outer peripheral frame 3d, and an elastic heat insulating material 3i disposed on the underfloor panel 3j in order from the bottom and installed in the floor panel. A heat insulating material 3h that is harder than the heat insulating material 3i, an electric heater 3e connected to the solar cell 1, a container 3c equipped with a latent heat storage material heated by the electric heater 3e, a floor base 3b that forms the upper surface, and a floor finish The floor heating device using the solar cell comprised including the material 3a is described.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The floor heating device described in the above publication has a large heat loss to the floor because the lower surface of the electric heater 3e is in direct contact with the heat insulating material 3h.
[0005]
An object of the present invention is to provide a heating panel using an electric heater and a latent heat storage material and a heating device using the heating panel, reducing heat dissipation loss to the outside of the heating panel and efficiently heating the indoor side. There is to do .
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a floor panel or wall panel that forms a part of the floor or wall by mounting a floor material or wall material on the indoor side surface, and the floor panel or wall panel. A heat insulating material installed so as to cover the entire outdoor surface and two surfaces facing each other, one surface is in contact with the indoor surface of the heat insulating material, and the other surface is made of flooring or wall material. A heating panel comprising a heater / latent heat storage material unit that is installed on a floor panel or a wall panel so as to face the outdoor side surface, and the heater / latent heat storage material unit includes a sheet-like electric heater and The sheet-shaped electric heater includes a pair of latent heat storage material containers that are arranged so as to be in contact with both surfaces of the sheet-like electric heater and enclose a latent heat storage material that stores heat generated by the electric heater. The heater / latent heat storage material unit is formed. The surface of the pair of latent heat storage material containers that is opposite to the surface that contacts the electric heater is in contact with the heat insulating material, and the other container that is opposite to the surface that is in contact with the electric heater. surface is an air layer is provided between the disposed so as to face the exterior side surface of the flooring or wall material and the other of the container and the floor material or wall material, the air layer of the other container Concavities and convexities are formed on the side surface, and an aluminum film is covered according to the irregularities.
[0007]
One of the containers enclosing the latent heat storage material of the heater / latent heat storage material unit configured as described above is placed in contact with the indoor side surface of the heat insulating material disposed on one side (outside of the room) of the heating panel. Then, the other side of the container enclosing the latent heat storage material is placed opposite to the wall or floor surface on the other side of the heating panel (inside the room), so that the electric heater Heat is released from the latent heat storage material arranged on the wall material or floor material side (that is, the indoor side of the electric heater) toward the wall surface or floor surface, and the heat insulating material side of the electric heater (that is, the electric heater) The latent heat storage material arranged on the outdoor side of the electric heater suppresses the heat of the latent heat storage material arranged on the indoor side of the electric heater from being radiated to the outdoor side. Furthermore, while forming irregularities on the indoor side surface of the latent heat storage material container inside the electric heater and covering the aluminum film according to the irregularities, the heat loss due to radiation is suppressed while increasing the heat radiation area It is possible to increase the amount of heat released per hour, and to efficiently heat the room.
[0008]
Instead of forming a heater / latent heat storage material unit in which a latent heat storage material container is placed on both sides of a sheet-shaped electric heater (latent heat storage material container) and the electric heater is sandwiched between the latent heat storage materials, a latent heat storage unit is formed. A sheet-like electric heater is arranged inside the container enclosing the material, and the inside of the container enclosing the latent heat storage material is divided into an electric heater indoor side and an electric heater outdoor side by the sheet-like electric heater. Good.
[0009]
In addition, it is desirable that the container enclosing the latent heat storage material and the electric heater are bonded with a double-sided adhesive aluminum film tape in order to facilitate and promote the heat transfer between the two at various locations in the planar position of the container. .
[0010]
The electric heater and the container are installed in the center part of the floor panel as having the same shape and size as the recess formed in the heat insulating material, and the ratio is about 1/2 to 2/3 of the floor area of the floor panel. It is good to do.
[0011]
A floor material is attached to the indoor side surface of the floor panel, and it is desirable to provide an air layer having a thickness of 3 to 10 mm between the lower surface of the floor material and the upper surface of the indoor latent heat storage material container. This air layer acts as a heat insulating layer, suppresses heat radiation during heat storage during the daytime, and the latent heat storage material melts well and stores heat even with a small amount of heat. Since there is little need for heating in the daytime, the heat release is less, and even at night, the heat release is not promoted at a stretch, so the heat release lasts for a long time.
[0012]
When a heater / latent heat storage material unit is installed on the wall panel to form a heating panel, the same configuration as that of the floor panel may be adopted.
In addition, the floor panel and wall panel may have a heater / latent heat storage material unit built in at the factory, or the heater / latent heat storage material unit may be built in the building site while forming the floor panel and wall panel. Good.
[0013]
The above-described problems also include a heating panel having an electric heater, a power source connected to the electric heater of the heating panel and supplying power to the electric heater, a connection means to a commercial power source, a power source and a commercial power source. This can also be achieved in the same manner by forming a heating device including any one of both means for connecting to a power source and using the heating panel having the above-described configuration as the heating panel.
[0014]
According to said structure, when the latent heat storage material container which enclosed the latent heat storage material is arrange | positioned in both the outdoor side and indoor side of an electric heater, respectively, and the electric power of a solar cell or the power supply of a commercial power source is supplied to an electric heater The latent heat storage material in the latent heat storage material container changes phase and stores heat. That is, between the heat insulating material arranged on the outdoor side of the electric heater and the electric heater, the stored latent heat storage material is interposed, and from the latent heat storage material arranged on the indoor side of the electric heater, Heat dissipation to the heat insulating material side is suppressed. Therefore, the amount of heat released from the latent heat storage material of the latent heat storage material container disposed on the indoor side of the electric heater to the indoor side is increased, and the heat dissipation time is extended.
[0015]
The solar cell is disposed in a place such as a roof where the solar beam is sufficiently hit, and the direct current output is directly supplied to the electric heater. Since the solar system is mainly used during periods when the solar altitude is low, it is desirable that the angle between the solar light incident surface and the horizontal plane be set large in consideration of the solar altitude in winter when installing solar cells. .
[0016]
The solar cell output to be selected is a capacity capable of supplying about 400 to 600 w per 1 m ² of the electric heater area.
[0017]
The heat storage capacity of the latent heat storage material is set to a capacity of about 5.0 to 8.4 MJ per 1 m ² of the area of the electric heater, including the heat storage materials on both sides of the electric heater.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a heating apparatus using a heating panel using a solar cell as a heat source according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0019]
FIG. 1 shows the overall arrangement of the present embodiment. As shown in the figure, the present embodiment is a solar cell 1 which is a solar power generation means disposed on a roof of a house with a sunlight incident surface inclined with respect to a horizontal plane, and a toilet floor of the house. The heating panel 3 is configured to include a heating panel 3 and the wiring 2 connecting the heating panel 3 and the solar cell 1. The degree of inclination of the solar cell 1 is preferably set in consideration of the winter solar altitude of the installation location, but may be installed in accordance with the roof inclination. The wiring 2 connected to the solar cell 1 is drawn indoors from the back of the eave, is led along the wall surface, and is led under the floor. The wiring 2 is connected to a connection terminal on the lower surface of the heating panel 3 under the floor.
[0020]
The heating panel 3 is produced in the factory in advance and installed on the foundation at the construction site of the house. FIG. 2 shows a perspective view thereof. FIG. 3 shows a cross section taken along the line AA in FIG. 2 (a cross section viewed along a vertical plane). The illustrated heating panel 3 includes a hollow box-like floor panel, a heat insulating material 3h built in the floor panel, and two heater / latent heat storage material units, and each heater / latent heat storage material unit. Is configured to include a sheet-like electric heater 3e and resin-made latent heat storage material containers 3f and 3g that are disposed in contact with both side surfaces of the sheet-like electric heater 3e and enclose the latent heat storage material, respectively. ing. The latent heat storage material of the latent heat storage material containers 3f and 3g absorbs heat generated by the electric heater 3e, changes its phase, and stores heat.
[0021]
A connection terminal for supplying power to the sheet-like electric heater 3 e is installed on the lower surface of the heating panel 3. In FIG. 3, the heater / latent heat storage material unit is illustrated as one unit.
[0022]
The floor panel is composed of an underfloor panel 3J which is a bottom plate, a frame member 3d which is an outer peripheral frame forming a wall body, and a floor material attached to the upper surface of the frame member 3d. The floor material forms an upper lid of the frame member 3d. The floor base 3b and the floor finishing material 3a bonded on the floor base 3b are formed. The floor panel has an outer dimension of 910 mm × 1315 mm, and the heater / latent heat storage material unit is a sheet-like electric heater 3e and a latent heat storage material container having an outer dimension of 10 mm × 240 mm × 570 mm arranged with the electric heater 3e interposed therebetween. It is composed of 3f and 3g, and two heater / latent heat storage material units are arranged side by side. The external dimensions of the electric heater 3e are also 240 mm × 570 mm.
[0023]
A rigid foamed urethane foam, which is a rigid heat insulating material 3h, is disposed on the entire upper surface of the underfloor panel 3J over the entire depth of the frame member 3d. On the upper surface of the rigid foamed urethane foam, two concave portions each having a square shape are formed side by side and formed to have a uniform depth. In each of the two concave portions, the aluminum film 3i and the latent heat storage material are placed in order from the lower side, that is, from the outdoor side. A sealed first latent heat storage material container 3f, an electric heater 3e, a second latent heat storage material container 3g sealed with a latent heat storage material, and an aluminum film 3k are arranged in an overlapping manner. An air layer 3c having a thickness of 3 mm is formed between the upper surface of the aluminum film 3k and the lower surface of the floor base 3b.
[0024]
As the latent heat storage material, a material mainly composed of sodium acetate hydrate was used. In addition, hydrated salts such as sodium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, and calcium chloride can also be used. The heat storage capacity of the latent heat storage material is the same as each of the first latent heat storage material container 3f and the second latent heat storage material container 3g, and both are set to 5.0 MJ per 1 m ² of the area of the electric heater 3e. Needless to say, the heat storage capacity can be changed by changing the thickness of the latent heat storage material container. For example, the thickness of the two latent heat storage material containers is set to 15 mm, and the heat storage capacity is combined with the two latent heat storage material containers. The area may be about 8.4 MJ per 1 m ² of the area of the electric heater 3e.
[0025]
The area of the electric heater 3e is substantially the same as the bottom area of the first latent heat storage material container 3f and the second latent heat storage material container 3g, and the three are sandwiched by sandwiching a double-sided adhesive tape of aluminum film between them. A heater / latent heat storage material unit is formed.
[0026]
When the heating panel is assembled in the factory, the heat insulating material (hard foamed urethane foam) 3h and the heater / latent heat storage material unit are sequentially attached in a state where the underfloor panel 3J and the frame material 3d are coupled. Next, the floor base 3b is attached to the frame member 3d. The floor finish 3a may be bonded onto the floor base 3b at the factory assembly stage, or the floor panel to which the floor base 3b is attached is installed on the foundation at the construction site, and the indoor construction is almost completed. May be adhered to the floor base 3b. Note that the heating panel in this specification does not only refer to prefabricated floor panels and wall panels that are assembled at the factory, but at the construction site, it is a heat insulating material in accordance with the joisting and sheeting processes of conventional construction methods. 3h, which includes a heater panel (floor panel, wall panel) that incorporates a heater / latent heat storage material unit.
[0027]
The latent heat storage material is hermetically sealed in the resin-made latent heat storage material containers 3f and 3g formed in a flat plate shape with a thickness of 10 mm, but a small amount of air is sealed together inside the latent heat storage material. Even if it expands due to phase change, the plate-like portion of the container is slightly expanded. In accordance with this, a deformable carbon planar heater was used as the electric heater 3e joined to the latent heat storage material containers 3f and 3g.
[0028]
Next, the operation of the heating apparatus configured as described above will be described. When sunlight strikes the solar cell 1, a current is generated, and the direct current flows directly to the electric heater 3 e through the wiring 2. The electric heater 3e generates heat by the flowing current, and melts the latent heat storage material that is solid with the heat, stores the heat in the form of latent heat and sensible heat, and heats surrounding members.
[0029]
The heat accumulated in the latent heat storage material during the day is radiated sequentially at night when the solar radiation disappears, and floor heating is performed while keeping the floor surface at a constant temperature. The air layer 3c between the latent heat storage material container 3g and the floor base 3b acts as a heat insulating layer, and heat release during heat storage during the daytime is suppressed, and the latent heat storage material melts well and stores heat even with a small amount of heat. Since there is little need for heating in the daytime, the heat release is less, and even at night, the heat release is not promoted at a stretch, so the heat release lasts for a long time. In the present embodiment, the thickness of the air layer 3c is 3 mm, but may be 3 to 10 mm.
[0030]
In the present embodiment, an aluminum film 3k is attached to the upper surface of the second latent heat storage material container 3g, and this aluminum film 3k plays a role of suppressing heat loss due to radiation.
[0031]
Further, the heat insulating material is not limited to rigid foamed urethane foam, and other heat insulating materials may be used as long as they are flame retardant grade and have a heat resistance of about 100 ° C. Styrofoam can also be used.
[0032]
According to the present embodiment, the latent heat storage material containers 3f and 3g in which the latent heat storage material is sealed are arranged on both the outdoor side and the indoor side of the electric heater 3e, and the electric power of the solar cell 1 is supplied to the electric heater 3e. Then, the latent heat storage material in the latent heat storage material containers 3f and 3g changes phase and stores heat. That is, between the heat insulating material 3h arranged on the outdoor side of the electric heater 3e and the electric heater 3e, the stored latent heat storage material is interposed, and the latent heat storage material arranged on the indoor side of the electric heater 3e is used. Heat dissipation to the outdoor side, that is, the heat insulating material 3h side is suppressed. Accordingly, the amount of heat released from the latent heat storage material of the second latent heat storage material container 3g disposed on the indoor side of the electric heater 3e to the indoor side is increased, and the heat dissipation time is extended.
[0033]
Further, in order to increase the heating capacity, it is necessary to increase the heat storage capacity. However, in the case of the conventional technology in which the latent heat storage material is arranged only on the indoor side of the electric heater, if the container bottom area is constant, the heat storage capacity is increased. To increase it, the container thickness will be increased. When the container thickness is increased, the heat conductivity of the latent heat storage material is low, so that the heat of the electric heater is difficult to be transmitted to a remote place, and there are places where the latent heat storage material cannot be melted, and the heat storage capacity cannot be fully exhibited. In the present embodiment, since the latent heat storage material is arranged on both sides of the electric heater 3e, the heat of the first latent heat storage material container is transmitted to the second latent heat storage material container. Therefore, it is not necessary to store the amount of heat that can be used for heating with only the latent heat storage material of the second latent heat storage material container, and the heat dissipation loss is reduced, so that the thickness of the second latent heat storage material container is set to the latent heat By setting the thickness to such an extent that the heat storage material is completely melted, the output of the solar cell can be sufficiently stored.
[0034]
FIG. 4 shows an example of a heating panel according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 4A shows a cross-sectional view of the heating panel of the present embodiment, and FIG. 4B shows an enlarged view of part A of FIG. 4A. The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that irregularities are formed on the upper surface of the second latent heat storage material container 3g, and other configurations are different from those of the first embodiment. Since it is the same, explanation is omitted.
[0035]
The aluminum film 3k is affixed according to the unevenness | corrugation of the upper surface of the 2nd latent heat storage material container 3g.
[0036]
According to the present embodiment, since the unevenness is formed on the upper surface of the second latent heat storage material container 3g, there is an effect that the heat radiation area is increased and the heat radiation amount per hour can be increased.
[0037]
In each of the above embodiments, the electric heater 3e is a deformable carbon planar heater, but the lower surface of the second latent heat storage material container 3g and the upper surface of the first latent heat storage material container 3f are fitted into each other. The shape may be provided with such irregularities, and the electric heater 3e may be deformed and sandwiched accordingly. If comprised in this way, the thermal radiation area of the electric heater 3e will become large, the efficiency at the time of heating a latent-heat storage material will improve, and the response | compatibility when the capacity | capacitance of a latent-heat storage material is enlarged will become easy.
[0038]
FIG. 5 shows an example of a heating panel according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a heating panel is applied to a wall. The aluminum film 3i is bonded to the heat insulating material 3h and the first latent heat storage material container 3f, and the aluminum film 3k is bonded to the second latent heat storage material container 3g. In place of the floor foundation 3b and the floor finishing material 3a, a wall foundation 3b ′ and a wall finishing material 3a ′ are attached.
[0039]
According to this embodiment, even when heating by heat radiation from the wall surface is performed, the amount of heat released from the latent heat storage material of the second latent heat storage material container 3g to the outdoor side is reduced, and the amount of heat released to the indoor side is increased. In addition, there is an effect that the heating time is extended.
[0040]
FIG. 6 shows the heating panel according to the first embodiment (hereinafter referred to as a sandwich-type panel) and the heating panel described in FIGS. 3 and 4 of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-146210 (hereinafter referred to as a single-type panel). The result of comparison with In all cases, full-size heating panels were used. The sandwich type panel has a latent heat storage material container with a size of 10 mm × 240 mm × 570 mm, one on each side of the sheet-like electric heater, and the heat storage capacity is combined with the two latent heat storage material containers. 5.0 MJ per 1 m ² area, single-type panel with a latent heat storage material container size of 20 mm x 240 mm x 570 mm is placed only on one side (indoor side) of the sheet-like electric heater, The heat storage capacity is 5.0 MJ per 1 m ² of area of the electric heater in one latent heat storage material container.
[0041]
Electric power assuming a cloudy day was input to the two heating panels using a commercial power source, and the temperature changes on the surface of the latent heat storage material container were compared. The input power amount was set to 560 Wh assuming an integrated solar radiation amount of 4000 W / m ² .
[0042]
FIG. 6 shows the temperature change on the surface of the latent heat storage material container, with time on the horizontal axis and temperature on the vertical axis. The power input started at 10:00 and ended at 15:30. Line A represents the temperature of the first latent heat storage material container surface of the sandwich panel, line B represents the temperature of the second latent heat storage material container surface of the sandwich panel, and line C represents the latent heat storage material container surface of the single panel. The line D shows the floor surface temperature of the sandwich panel, the line E shows the temperature of the floor surface of the single panel, and the line F shows the room temperature.
[0043]
When power input is completed, heat dissipation starts automatically. The temperature of the surface of the first latent heat storage material container of the sandwich-type panel indicated by line A is the highest. This is because the first latent heat storage material container is sandwiched between the heat insulating material and the electric heater. This is because the amount of heat released inside is small. Moreover, since the heat storage material is completely dissolved, the temperature drop during heat dissipation is moderate. The temperature of the surface of the second latent heat storage material container of the sandwich panel indicated by line B is lower than the temperature of the surface of the first latent heat storage material container due to heat radiation from the floor surface.
[0044]
On the other hand, the temperature of the surface of the latent heat storage material container of the single-type panel indicated by the line C is approximately 3 ° C. at the end of the input of power, and the temperature of the surface of the second latent heat storage material container of the sandwich panel. However, it decreases rapidly from around 20:00, and at 0 o'clock, the difference from the temperature of the second latent heat storage material container surface of the sandwich panel is about 9 ° C. As a result, the floor surface temperature is about 5 ° C. higher at 0 o'clock for the sandwich panel than for the single panel.
[0045]
That is, both the temperature holding time of the latent heat storage material and the floor temperature holding time are extended in the sandwich type panel as compared with the single type panel. In other words, the temperature stabilization time is longer. In the case of a sandwich-type panel, the heat of the heat storage material of the first latent heat storage material container is transferred to and replenished to the heat storage material of the second latent heat storage material container, and the heat storage material of the second latent heat storage material container This is because the temperature drop due to heat dissipation has become gradual. Furthermore, in the case of sandwich type panels, since there are latent heat storage material containers on both sides of the electric heater, the heat of the electric heater is transferred to the heat storage materials on both sides, and heat storage is performed efficiently, so the temperature of the latent heat storage material container is likely to rise. However, in the case of a single type panel, the heat of the electric heater is transmitted only to the latent heat storage material container on one side, and the capacity of the latent heat storage material container is the capacity of the first or second latent heat storage material container of the sandwich type panel. Since it is larger, the thickness becomes thicker than that of the sandwich type panel, and heat is not easily transmitted to the surface, so that the surface temperature of the latent heat storage material container is difficult to rise.
[0046]
In each of the above embodiments, a pair of latent heat storage materials containers in which a latent heat storage material is sealed are arranged on both sides of a sheet-shaped electric heater to form a heater / latent heat storage material unit that sandwiches the electric heater in a sandwich shape with the latent heat storage material. However, instead of sandwiching the electric heater between a pair of latent heat storage material containers in a sandwich shape, the electric heater is placed in a position and posture in which the latent heat storage material is divided into the indoor side and the outdoor side inside the container enclosing the latent heat storage material. The position of the electric heater may be set so that the latent heat storage material is present at a desired ratio on both sides (the indoor side and the outdoor side) of the electric heater.
In the above-described embodiment, an example in which a solar cell is used as the power source of the electric heater has been described. However, not only the solar cell but also another power source such as a fuel cell, a commercial power source, And a commercial power source may be used together, and when the amount of heat is insufficient with only a solar battery, nighttime heat storage by the commercial power source may be performed. Further, a solar cell and another power source such as a fuel cell may be used in combination, or another power source such as a fuel cell and a commercial power source may be used in combination.
[0047]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, in the heating panel using an electric heater and a latent-heat storage material, and the heating apparatus using this heating panel, it became possible to reduce the heat dissipation loss of a heating panel.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall layout diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a perspective view showing a solar cell and a heating panel according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. FIG.
3 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of the heating panel shown in FIG. 1. FIG.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a heating panel according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a heating panel according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results of a heating experiment performed using the heating device according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Solar cell 2 Wiring 3 Floor heating panel 3a Floor finishing material 3b Floor foundation 3c Air layer 3d Frame material 3e Electric heater 3f 1st latent heat storage material container 3g 2nd latent heat storage material container 3h Thermal insulation material 3i Aluminum film 3j Underfloor panel 3k Aluminum film 3m Latent heat storage material

Claims

A floor panel that forms a part of the floor by mounting the floor material on the indoor side surface, a heat insulating material that is installed in the floor panel so as to cover the entire outdoor surface, and two surfaces that face each other A heater / latent heat storage material unit that is installed in a floor panel with one surface in contact with the indoor surface of the heat insulating material and the other surface facing the outdoor surface of the floor material. A heating panel comprising:
The heater / latent heat storage material unit is disposed in contact with both sides of the sheet-like electric heater and both sides of the sheet-like electric heater, and encloses a pair of latent heat storage materials that store heat generated by the electric heater. Comprising a latent heat storage material container,
A concave portion is formed in the heat insulating material, and the heater / latent heat storage material unit is fitted in the concave portion, and a surface opposite to a surface in contact with the electric heater of one of the pair of latent heat storage material containers Is disposed so that the surface of the other container opposite to the surface contacting the electric heater is opposed to the outdoor surface of the flooring, and the other container and the flooring There is an air layer in between ,
A heating panel in which irregularities are formed on the air layer side surface of the other container, and an aluminum film is covered in accordance with the irregularities.

A wall panel that forms a part of a wall by attaching a wall material to the indoor side surface, a heat insulating material that is installed in the wall panel so as to cover the entire outdoor surface, and two surfaces that face each other A heater / latent heat storage material unit that is installed in a wall panel with one surface in contact with the indoor surface of the heat insulating material and the other surface facing the outdoor surface of the wall material. A heating panel comprising:
The heater / latent heat storage material unit is disposed in contact with both sides of the sheet-like electric heater and both sides of the sheet-like electric heater, and encloses a pair of latent heat storage materials that store heat generated by the electric heater. Comprising a latent heat storage material container,
A concave portion is formed in the heat insulating material, and the heater / latent heat storage material unit is fitted in the concave portion, and a surface opposite to a surface in contact with the electric heater of one of the pair of latent heat storage material containers Is disposed so that the surface of the other container opposite to the surface contacting the electric heater faces the outer surface of the wall material, and the other container and the wall material There is an air layer in between ,
A heating panel in which irregularities are formed on the air layer side surface of the other container, and an aluminum film is covered in accordance with the irregularities.

A floor panel that forms a part of the floor by mounting the floor material on the indoor side surface, a heat insulating material that is installed in the floor panel so as to cover the entire outdoor surface, and two surfaces that face each other A heater / latent heat storage material unit that is installed in a floor panel with one surface in contact with the indoor surface of the heat insulating material and the other surface facing the outdoor surface of the floor material. A heating panel comprising:
The heater / latent heat storage material unit is disposed such that one surface is in contact with the indoor side surface of the heat insulating material and the other surface facing the one surface is opposed to the outdoor surface of the flooring. A latent heat storage material container enclosing the latent heat storage material, and a sheet-like electric heater that is built in the latent heat storage material container and divides the interior of the container into a heat insulating material side and a floor material side. The material stores heat generated by the electric heater, the heat insulating material is formed with a recess, the heater / latent heat storage material unit is fitted in the recess, and the latent heat storage material container An air layer is provided between the latent heat storage material container and the flooring, and the surface opposite to the surface in contact with the heat insulating material is disposed to face the outdoor side surface of the flooring .
A heating panel in which irregularities are formed on the air layer side surface of the latent heat storage material container and an aluminum film is covered in accordance with the irregularities.

A wall panel that forms a part of a wall by attaching a wall material to the indoor side surface, a heat insulating material that is installed in the wall panel so as to cover the entire outdoor surface, and two surfaces that face each other A heater / latent heat storage material unit that is installed in a wall panel with one surface in contact with the indoor surface of the heat insulating material and the other surface facing the outdoor surface of the wall material. A heating panel comprising:
The heater / latent heat storage material unit is arranged such that one surface is in contact with the indoor side surface of the heat insulating material and the other surface facing the one surface is opposed to the outdoor surface of the wall material. A latent heat storage material container enclosing the latent heat storage material, and a sheet-like electric heater that is built in the latent heat storage material container and divides the interior of the container into a heat insulating material side and a wall material side. The material stores heat generated by the electric heater, the heat insulating material is formed with a recess, the heater / latent heat storage material unit is fitted in the recess, and the latent heat storage material container An air layer is provided between the latent heat storage material container and the wall material, the surface opposite to the surface in contact with the heat insulating material is arranged to face the outdoor side surface of the wall material ,
A heating panel in which irregularities are formed on the air layer side surface of the latent heat storage material container and an aluminum film is covered in accordance with the irregularities.

The heating panel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a power source connected to the electric heater and supplying electric power is a solar cell.

A heating panel having an electric heater, a power source connected to the electric heater of the heating panel to supply power, a connection means to a commercial power source, and a connection means to the power source and the commercial power source. A heating apparatus using the heating panel, wherein the heating panel is the heating panel according to any one of claims 1 to 5 .