JP3930925B2 - microscope - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a microscope provided with an index line that is a measure of a clear vision distance.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the optical system of a microscope, the optical performance is generally good at the center of the optical axis, and the periphery of the field of view is poor. Therefore, the index line is arranged so as to be positioned at the center of the optical axis, that is, near the center of the field of view. FIG. 7 shows a visual field when the diopter adjustment is performed on the microscope arranged as described above, and the eyepiece is viewed through the diopter adjustment, and the index line 100 is located at the center of the visual field. . On the other hand, since the eyepiece mainly observes the vicinity of the center of the field of view, when the index line is at the center of the field of view, the index line overlaps with the observation target, and this overlap makes observation difficult. Accordingly, it is necessary to make the index line invisible at the time of observation. Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 2-19771 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-18512 describe conventional techniques for this purpose.
[0003]
In Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 2-19771, the index line is formed by vapor-depositing a material having a high reflectivity on the inclined inclined surface of the prism. The prism is disposed so as to be positioned on the focal plane of the eyepiece lens system, and a light source for illuminating the index line is disposed in the vicinity of the prism. Furthermore, a dimming mechanism for adjusting the luminance is attached to the light source, and the index line can be made to appear and disappear in the field of view by being movably set in a box that supports the eyepiece lens system.
[0004]
In this apparatus, the eyepiece is moved in the direction of the optical axis until the limit of the observer's eye adjustment force is exceeded, thereby erasing the index line from the field of view and observing the observation object in this state.
[0005]
In JP-A-2-18512, a liquid crystal member having a dynamic light confusion effect is provided in the field of view of an eyepiece of an optical system such as a microscope, and the relative distance between the liquid crystal member and the eyepiece is adjustable.
[0006]
When the liquid crystal member is not supplied with power, it is transparent like normal flat glass, but when a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal member changes to a frosted glass-like matte surface and scatters incident light. This apparatus uses the characteristics of the liquid crystal member, and a portion where no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal member is provided as an index line. Thus, the index line can be made to appear and disappear by application of a voltage.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, after adjusting the diopter according to the method described in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 2-19771, the index line and the focus of the observation target are matched, and at the same time, the focus of other optical systems such as photographs and TV is also matched. If the index line is removed from the field of view when applied to an optical instrument that has been used, the other diopter, such as a photo or TV, is used to shift the focus even though the diopter is adjusted and focused. There is a problem that the system is out of focus.
[0008]
In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-18512, the index line can appear and disappear depending on the presence or absence of voltage application, and the troublesomeness at the time of observation after diopter adjustment is eliminated, but a liquid crystal member is required and electrical connection is not required. Since this is necessary, there is a problem that the structure becomes complicated.
[0009]
The present invention has been made in consideration of such problems of the conventional technology, and has a function sufficient for performing the in-focus adjustment in spite of the simple structure, and the in-focus relationship. An object of the present invention is to provide a microscope capable of reducing the troublesomeness of viewing an index line in the observation of the central portion of the visual field while maintaining the above.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the invention of claim 1 includes a focusing screen in which an index line is arranged in a peripheral portion of the visual field excluding a circle having a diameter of about 20% around the visual field center, and the visual field center and the visual field peripheral portion. When the diopter is adjusted, a difference occurs, so when the diopter is adjusted at the center of the field of view, it is equipped with a lens system that cannot be focused with other optical systems, and is disposed in the periphery of the field of view and is in focus It has an eyepiece that matches the diopter of the observer with reference to the index line provided on the plate, and the same as other optical systems when adjusted to the diopter of the observer with reference to the index line It is configured to be in focus.
[0011]
According to the invention of claim 4, an index line is arranged in the peripheral part of the visual field excluding the inside of the circle of about 20% of the visual field diameter centered on the visual field center, and the index line is movable between the visual field center and the visual field periphery in the same plane. And is movable in the optical axis direction.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 shows an eyepiece lens system 1 of a microscope to which Embodiment 1 of the present invention is applied.
A first lens group 3 a is supported on the cylindrical lens frame 2. The lens frame 2 is inserted and fixed inside from one end side of the support cylinder 4. A screw part 5 is formed on the inner peripheral part of the other end of the support cylinder 4. The movable cylinder 6 has a second lens group 3b supported therein, and is screwed into the threaded portion 5 of the supporting cylinder 4 by a threaded portion formed on the outer peripheral surface of one end on the lens frame 2 side. An eye shade 7 is fixed to the other end of the movable cylinder 6 by fitting.
In this structure, by rotating the movable cylinder 6 or the eye shade 7 integrated therewith, the second group lens 3b moves in the optical axis direction with respect to the first group lens 3a, and diopter adjustment is performed. In addition, the eyepiece lens system 1 is attached to the microscope by inserting the support tube 4 into an eyepiece attachment portion of a microscope (not shown).
[0017]
In this structure, a focusing screen 8 is provided inside the support cylinder 4, and a field stop 9 is formed by projecting the inside of the support cylinder 4 in contact with the focusing screen 8 in the optical axis direction. Further, the focusing screen 8 is provided with an index line.
[0018]
FIG. 2 shows the arrangement of the index lines 10 of this embodiment. The figure shows the field of view when looking through the eyepiece after diopter adjustment, and the index line 10 is provided on the focusing screen 8 so as to be located in the peripheral part of the field of view. This arrangement position is centered around the center of the field of view and is a peripheral part excluding a circle of about 20% of the field of view diameter. This is because, when it is arranged within 20% of the field diameter, it is not preferable because the index line is easily visible at the same time as the observation target when observing the observation target.
[0019]
In this embodiment, due to the optical design, aberrations are not sufficiently removed to the periphery of the field of view, and a difference from when the diopter is adjusted at the center of the field of view is generated, thereby causing another optical system such as a photographic / TV system. If the focusing screen 9 cannot be focused, the position of the focusing screen 9 is moved in the direction of the optical axis in advance by the same focal difference, or the body surface of another optical system such as a photo / TV system is set to the same position. It is only necessary to move by the amount of the focal difference so as to achieve the same focal point.
[0020]
In such an embodiment, since the index line is provided in advance in the peripheral direction of the visual field, it is difficult to see the index line when observing the observation target at the center of the visual field, and the troublesomeness of simultaneously viewing the index line can be reduced. It is also possible to change the size of the aperture by attaching an aperture stop to the first group lens 3a and / or the second group lens 3b. By adjusting the aperture stop, the index line can be completely viewed. Can be erased from. Furthermore, when the focus is not completely achieved, the ability of the observer to adjust the eyes prevents the index line and the focus of the observation target from intermingling, thereby reducing eye fatigue due to observation.
[0021]
(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 3 shows a field stop 9 ′ according to the second embodiment, which is formed in a ring shape. In this embodiment, a field stop 9 'is used in place of the focusing screen 8 shown in FIG. 1, and a plurality of slit-like recesses 11 are provided on the inner diameter portion. The recesses 11 are provided at 90 degree intervals with respect to the center of the field stop 9 'and serve as index lines. In addition, although it becomes a recessed part in this embodiment, a shape will not be ask | required if it is a structure which plays a role as an indicator line.
[0022]
In this embodiment, the same effect as in the first embodiment is obtained, and furthermore, since the field stop itself also serves as an index line, the diopter adjustment performed using a part of the periphery of the field of view is performed. This can be performed using the whole, and this has the effect of improving visibility.
[0023]
(Embodiment 3)
FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment. In this embodiment, a function of a field stop is added to the focusing screen in the first embodiment shown in FIG. The focusing screen of this embodiment is provided with a field stop 12 having a constant width from the outer periphery to the center of the focusing screen 8 of FIG. It has. Therefore, such an embodiment can have the same effect as the second embodiment.
[0024]
(Embodiment 4)
FIG. 5 shows a fourth embodiment. In this embodiment, the focusing screen in Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. 1 is made movable in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, and FIG. Show. In the figure, 15 is a focusing screen. The focusing screen 15 is attached to the slider 16 with an index line formed thereon. The slider 16 is attached to a guide 17 formed on the support tube 41 of the eyepiece lens system, and moves in the horizontal direction along the guide 17. The movement of the slider 16 allows the focusing screen 15 to move between the visual field center and the visual field periphery. In such an embodiment, the movement of the slider 16 in the horizontal plane causes the index line to move to the central part of the visual field and the peripheral part of the visual field. Therefore, there is no sense of incongruity in operation.
[0025]
(Embodiment 5)
FIG. 6 shows a fifth embodiment. In this embodiment, the focusing screen in Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. 1 is moved simultaneously in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis and in a direction along the optical axis. FIG. The incorporated part is cut out and illustrated. In the figure, reference numeral 15 denotes a focusing screen, which is attached to a frame 18. The frame body 18 is rotatably attached to a support cylinder 19, and an inclined cam groove 20 is formed in the support cylinder 19, and a lever 24 from the frame body 18 is inserted through the cam groove 20. . An index line 21 is formed at the central portion of the focusing screen 15.
[0026]
In this embodiment, the positional relationship between the optical axis center of the eyepiece lens system, the center 22 of the index line 21 of the focusing screen 15 and the center 23 of the frame 18 is such that the center 22 of the index line and the center 23 of the frame are not. The optical axis of the eyepiece and the center of the frame 18 are set so as not to coincide with each other. FIG. 6 shows a state where the index line substantially coincides with the optical axis of the eyepiece lens and is in a position where it can be visually recognized, and diopter adjustment is possible.
[0027]
In such a structure, when the lever 24 is picked from the state shown in FIG. 6 and moved along the cam groove 20 of the eyepiece, the frame 18 rotates within the support cylinder 19. At this time, as described above, since there is a positional relationship between the optical axis center of the eyepiece lens, the center 22 of the index line 21 of the focusing screen 15, and the center 23 of the frame 18, the index line when looking into the eyepiece lens. 21 moves while drawing an arc whose radius is the distance between the center 22 of the index line and the center 23 of the frame 18.
[0028]
In addition, since the cam groove 20 is provided obliquely so that the frame 18 also moves in the optical axis direction, the index line 21 forms an arc and gradually disappears while moving around the field of view. In this case, when the center of the index line coincides with the optical axis at the moving end of the frame body 18, a spring is provided so that the frame body 18 hits an abutting surface (not shown) provided in the eyepiece lens and is stabilized at an accurate position. Also good. Further, the reverse operation is performed by moving the lever 24 in the reverse direction. In such an embodiment, since the index line is provided so as to be movable also in the optical axis direction, the index can be made invisible at the time of observation, and when adjusting diopter, it is as usual. It can be done and there is no sense of incongruity.
[0029]
The present invention described above includes the following inventions.
(1) It is characterized in that the index line is arranged in the field stop, and thus the index line also has the function of the field stop.
(2) The index line is provided on a focusing screen having a field stop function, whereby the index line can have a field stop function.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, since the index line of the eyepiece lens system is provided around the field of view, the index line becomes invisible when observing the central portion of the field of view, so that troublesomeness during observation can be reduced. In addition, when the in-focus state is not completely achieved, it is possible to prevent the index line and the focus of the observation target from crossing each other due to the ability of the observer to adjust the eyes. Therefore, for example, the operator's fatigue can be reduced when the operation is performed while paying attention to a minute part for a long time like a surgical microscope.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an eyepiece system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view showing the position of the index line after diopter adjustment according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a front view showing an index line according to the second embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a front view showing an index line according to the third embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a fourth embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a fifth embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a front view showing the arrangement of conventional index lines.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Eyepiece lens system 2 Lens frame 3a 1st group lens 3b 2nd group lens 4 Support cylinder 6 Moving cylinder 8 Focus plate 9, 9 'Field stop 10 Index line

Claims (4)

A focusing screen that places an index line around the field of view excluding a circle with a diameter of about 20% of the field of view centered on the center of the field of view ;
A lens system in which when the diopter is adjusted at the center of the field of view and when the diopter is adjusted at the center of the field of view, a difference occurs when the diopter is adjusted at the center of the field of view and the peripheral part of the field of view. ,
An eyepiece that is arranged in the peripheral part of the visual field and that matches the diopter of the observer with reference to the index line provided on the focusing screen, and has the eye of the observer with reference to the index line A microscope configured to be in focus with the other optical system when adjusted to diopter .   The microscope according to claim 1, wherein the index line is movable between a visual field center and a visual field periphery in the same plane.   The microscope according to claim 1, wherein the index line is formed integrally with a field stop.   An index line is placed around the visual field around the center of the visual field, excluding the circle of about 20% of the visual field diameter,
  A microscope characterized in that the index line is movable between the center of the visual field and the periphery of the visual field in the same plane, and is movable in the optical axis direction.

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